r'i Tut (iiuur f'.i f.)l..rie Karuatm
ur U t'N4 2J. 1
the Citiimt tf the Commit iit Dit
tritl romietcd" of the dunlin of Sfiottr
yluawa, Ltuia, Oras and MvHnn.
I al low Ciri2it lloln acepted
4 JuJ.tily,Gii,tnnt onder the Federal
(iovcrnmMit, ! am fcbul oct mofei to
dissolve the tit, which, binds wo to yon,
Id the relation of Urpresentatlve, end to
retire from your service. ,
Under these cfirurtutanees, I fee! Im
welled, if not bv a sense of duty, '
by Inclination, to f a few words lo you
Con(?ress, 1c has been
- Cn nterrotrted cooilnoMf wr to ycaia
.ttl PU..-i ... I e -y
On By pertsll that I can pretend lo,
ft Thai 1 bat endeavored lo serve you
la IK titraatt ttleOI of my ability, WHO
c.l and fidelity. O.i yjor part, during
Ihe whole of that time, 1 have experieo
Cd,sa much tieaduiett of soppoii, wheo
you thought ne right, si much alia
aoca for bamtn faliibili y, when you
thought na wrong, and aueh uniform
lirJi.sss, ! all limes, and oo all occa
ftions, that I tnf say, ith a " that
(our service has been perfect freedom"
will Id, that io retiring from I, t U-
tngrsveo upon rar heart, a sense of grati
tude, which neiihrr time, nor other cause
tan eer obliterate, whatsoever of good or
1 may betiia me, it future life.
it it would be doing injustice lo my
fctlings, no' 10 m'e dc.ruan, so
' 4m persuaded, tht ibo circumstance
Ht.An which it 1 msde, will h your esti
lo.tio:., irive it lull credit for perfect sin
. ceriiy. Por tii-S at UaV, I cannot have
Vy other, save only the pleasure ariiin,
(rum ibr outpouring of the grateful Sen
'ilDiHucYcTi i5inrfii?rra'on'r?T'nrtnr
- Aa it rtaneeta the cause, which baa in
duced me a second lime to withdraw from
41. T l. . . . - 1 . .m i.i It ill
4ra BOii'icai iiicaur, i .,. .vi
be etee med by jon, jutificiion enoURh
. Tl.. i I. . 1 1 InriftAnl In
i ior ma id awj nai 1110
ierlce In Conre a. aod tht dutiea of a
laborious proTetion. If mote than ! can
bear. In a word- 11 That we erinrn want
tepote i" not ibe repoab of fn1 jlenrp, for
if it not in m nature- to Indulge in that,
but that of miUjatrd Isitr.
Mere, perhip,1 mipht with prfipriety
ilo- ihi talrdiciiort Put my ferline
rmmpt mr irreitibly to go further, and
yifld obedience to the impulse..
T.vrr tinre the formation of our Dretent
edraK5oernmcn: we he been divi
ded into poliikal pirtiei- The ajreat linr
f demirkation. hai brn. bftwetD those
WKoYaVorata'an n?o"rjfYnab6ae"who
. Rtiriklif nlmn Al lhi LL
rit ant Knaul In hiina tvriUi4K'li. hrOOeh
the whole rourae ftf my public tife And
to ita doctrine, I have endeavored to
pojni in rn r puono aci wuu iu uujwtj
inif pofariry. -
1 have done this. bue It hat been.
wr,A fitl ia -ma cinnarat Klirflhal h
"i '"cObr Ttidllmuriued. wilHeartdirec
Common rognrry.
It i rrot my purpose al Ihia lime, lo en
ter into any tpecuUtive dicunioii, upon
tbia subject
I have heretofore on the floor of Con
fret eihured all my vie, in relation
loi' aTTd- moreover, the view of other,
pecially those of Virginia, exhibiied
in the luminous report of ber legislature
in are before the public Put on
tb'n occasion ne last during mr life on
which I ever t ipeel to address yon, in
yonr tnvereign character, I ask aolerao
.:teaiiojo-ta( ,..fcjeiOirllJ!hkJ.PiSL.
pose io make founded upon experience
and obtcrvation.
Theao two aotagonht priuciples of
iatitudiuou$ and rttttktive consiruction,
have Ut Dow more than forty years, vied
with each other witb varying success.
Behold the practical results as the ooe,
"or the other predominate3 - -
-Tbo -preacnt century opened wilb . the
great civil revolution, wbicb placed in the
chief executive chair, ibe apostle of true
urind alaa. ml - the Lead f tba political ,
lAorct, wha articles f fiitb I profeas.
Tamnara tltit Deriod of our Dohtical
J i ii.li..'h . - - - -
tions which succeeded it, and were form
ed upon the model of this great archetype,
saith that during which the opposite prin
ciple was lord of the ascendant-And
a . ,a ' ' I t ..
J0'1e them in tne uimosi canaour, oy
tb fruit a I which they have respectively
- JJl'uced.- . , . : ,
lTder 5t 'doctrine of" rfiiricied con
Hruetio Jwa .have enjoyed freedom of
'tpeech arid of the press We have had a
well regulated economy, in every depart
'-TOet;,tfthe;GesmetVe','-fia?e'had
harmonious concert in general, between
the Federal and Stat authorities AM
jast, but not least, the States and the peo
pie of the states, were left to reap the
fruits of their on toil, diminished only
i the necessary amount of the public
iues Of this last advantage it may well
be said, that it is ooe of the primary ob
Sect of ev ery good government. A the
Tiatural consequence of these j we have
'ad during their continuance a "rapidly
foniiuj proiperiti and wiib ooo stii"
klh eiceptim, a r.enrl qnlotuJa to4
ContcntmeM amongst bur people.
Under the asceadmcf of tba doctrine
ot enlarged and lndenit:e constructi't,
mirk, I bes-ech yoj, th reverse o( this
picture. '
, Underitsreisnwahid.sliriesrlypirio'l
of our history, the alien and sedition laws,
ott which a9 large iriijority fthe AmaH
can people, hive impressed the stamp of
their decided reprobation.
At a very late period. Wo have seen im
menu expenditures of public money, and
which were every year becoming greater,
tharacterircd by the Injustice of being fais
e4 fciirt tbaviaisuace Ttxf tftB'ibQloni'
,mjnltyf and appropriated for the benefit
f- a. fterVr 4Hlea4ibaUir a wuUr .ijii
part, which laroiCes ibo Uiit portion of
the contribution e have seen me con
Tit"aTion so at to erubfe
oaj;rcat to ap
propriate millions, for internal improe
ant a matter or policy, which I verily
bclicre, belongs to (be local authorities
bt the .'tales-'1' have seen the pocr
of laying and collecting duties, diatortrd
from i's constitutional purpose of raiHrtK
revenue, to that of regulating ,ihe labir of
tbe country By farce of this conttruc
tion, tinder the name of a Tariff f du
ties, the labor of o.ie pirt of the coomry
is soverely tasnd, that that of ano'her,
maybe successfully applied to mmufac
teres Tho' it is obvious, that either, la
bor thus tipliodi was less provable than
other Ubor, In which aspect, it was
politic, or, that manufactures did not
wnt ibis aid, in wbtch aspect,' it was ofi
frrtitioe an ttnjntt.
Tbis latter doctrine, with all its evil
consequences in its train, is sow in the
full tide of ttyuit, nd s 'hose who arc
ioteresied say. nniueee$ful experim -n:
We who are oMig' to psy tne prii e of
(his ctperirnen't have complained,
treve" f eni'insliated. 1 have fekswned
we hivo almost entreated Bit' the mi
jor'py fi-efing their ttrenem, have wiin
firm and steady step moved on tnwa
their o'jjoct, which, to attain the nd hr v
hsvo in. view, . must be finally prohibition.
And what is the result, let me ask you
as now exfibted amongst our people f I'
is a melancholy truth, njv, it is a matter
of feismryHhat a deep and aeuled discon
tent p'erva.'fes a very large portion of t lie
cotintrv Indeed, tome have thought,
that (hey have perceived in the signs ol
the timet, threatening indications of a
comiag s;orm, which would scatter to tho
winds (Lis brtu'ilul federative machine
of ours, In broken fragment.
Amidst the hitherto determined per
severance of the majority, and the ruur
muring disquietude of the minority
good mm have teemerl lobe almost re a
dr lo give up !I hope of a succesfut inut
io ou; grtat potnical eip"flrimcn.r Of
wlilcfi,li is not too much to say, that as
it is tbe beat, so in the event of its failure,
it would protnnly be the tatt hope of the
world, for self government.
They have feared, that- wo too like
other nations which have gone before,
should first be involved in civil war, then
anarchs, and finally perish a- people,
and be blotted from the mip of the w irld,
as to"outmdepennTpoitttcare;xtiterrce
It would be the psrt of wisdom, evrn
under any extremity of circumstances,
to take counsct, arid dcriveT a ray of con
solation, from the noble maxim of the
Romans, ncirr to detflair of tbe h'efiitblie
For my own part, although past experi
e.ico does not much countenance such an
expectation, yet I will not e'ntirely des
pair of some relief from the majority. I
trust in Ciod, that they will in the school
of ibat very experience have learned a
lesson of moderation That they will
have learned to estimate more highly,
tne complaiiUa of a rainoruy To appre
ciate the moral snd political benefits of
(his Union, as of more worth, than roads,
csoals, manufactures, or any other simi
Isr advantage To feel, that it is pride of
heart alone, which would mako them
consider it defeat, to concede to a min
ority In fine, to consider it, as in truth
it Is, not a iurrender to the Menace t, but
d conceiton to the rem jnitrihcei of a min
ority, who believe themselves to be op
pressed, and call aloud for relief from
their oppression. Nor are We witHout a
memorable example or sucb a m'agnanf
mous concession. Witness the repeal of
the Embargo not as we are' informed by
. t tf t .e r
mr. jenerson nimseu, irons any cnange
in hi opinion, as to it's policy No, my
fellow countrymen, it wa d tne in defer
ence io the complaints of New England,
and in the spirit ol conciliation and har
mony. ' And why shall not New England,
and othr manufacturing pomoovuf - the
Union, ip their turn, emulate so distm
guished an example I It is for them, not
met to answer this solemn inquiry.
Should, howevere .,Bujority.,.id,Cpn
gresa, contrary to our jus: expectation,
still press oh in their course, regardless of
the voice oft a complaining people, then
we have the consoling hope, that there
is another, department of the Government,
whose moderation Will be interposed to
save us, from those appalling evils, which
many fear, and which all good men must
deprecate.
r Under trie auspices' of Ibe presennd
ministration, we have seen some mi'.iga
tioo of the pressure ef the Tariff, uaen
. ctock p.- if "P
Ibe Esecud veto, to lha career of im
provident ependittre, in Internal Im
provament.
Let us indulge the hopBi that this good
woik wi. go on, and that the principle
out of whirh lhase late meesares grew,
will be eipandtd lato more extensive
practical Msfles
Under this brigbieoinf prospect of bet
ter time,- which has recen'lr burt' upon
our vision, undet thebopcful auguries of
the future, waicb we may mu derive
from the. pas'. H uha philoaophy en
ouah, vet io ha' and 'lorhenf t ut re-
I ui'Ier oppression, it behoove u, as we
tttnre, j t to do fobTn'ic w(lt'b"'mr'ih't
hereafier be th(auticl of regreu Let
Of f enrfQrTHer"irgtirnenrrforberTe r
mmstraoce,.! had almost sild entreaty.
AnJ it it. cn it. be loo ssnguine a -hope
to oe Indulged, that if the one party shall
practice a modera:lon, which will bear
wi h their ttre hren. tnough seven limes
nffunded and the oiber shall remember,
that there is s point at which forbearance
ceases to be a virtue, wo mav yet bave a
happy issue out of all our a CD tone f I
trust that this will be the result, and that
the union of the state will be a dm able
as the everlasting hill.
In eoncl'ision, my countrymnn, I bid
you an affectionate farewell, from the
bottom of my heart- -And I o.ler an e irn
est prayer that He whose arm is mighty
. -. anil nrmert nur beloved country.
In everv tim of need, and that her hieh
'. aiinics accordir.g to our fondest hopes
ill be fulGUrd-
Most resptrlfuUy, vnrjr fellow i-Ht en,
V P. UAUJJOUK.
Ortnge, Ort 50. 1830
KMC ff wx
"Tr.-utlars, of A W iilr iWvk.tr y
C. ha offered him eif u a c mrji.la'e fori
(ingress, In optxxi i.r. to Mr. M'Dufli-.
A. hough the Iv-f gtirleman has Rne ;
o.rrio thcNulnfi rs, he ..so valuable !
generally a a legislator aod oratorhai e t
R , , .. . .
should be sorrv to see him supplan'eil io
r Km .k M.h,..l... nl
i oneress, even ov 'nr iuosi uruiuiiuji oui
rx4cctedby tbe nation from his powers;
Itirun.
More advant life mav be alavs
ami principles, than injury liom -UV par l'ie '"'-i "al.-s rnrrrnmrnc. Tnr fnn .1
licular error of doctrine in'o w'ii. h he auch s -rjra of rm'irv rriie b to ruia up o'h
may fall. The CaUie of Nullllicati'll) ' c ror.(line inlrrala in thr adnnniaiiVion ol
roulti no! be long up itld by any individ , ihr eov-rim-nt.brtwen which whaveslrradv
I ual -Atlas or Ajix j but the strength of
such supporters wnen sure to oe appue. bi)i,v ,n,j IMHrnp, j comnactneu To in.
to better purposes, is above all price and crrw ,h rril,irv f,hf Vlultli ,,,
ever wor'hv of preference " be to t,!d to Ihr pr,..n nnmhe-of tr.in the
The Sove paragraph is copied from . ... , . ... ...
..... r . ry . l; "ion. 111 bich event, it woiilil b - mnriliv im.
the Philadelphia National U.iellei and i ... . . . , .. . . .
. . . ... T , ,. , T , r..taill toeiflieihfrifii!afttflnnvrerthe
we beartilv concur In the doctrine laid
down. A able and faithful public -acr obaerv.-th.t ,r,cUd impartial
yjnt ,honld not be rejected from any lalteauoa laWinurts. whv.Hf.rmoe
11 particular "and temporary er6r or d"o'r,ifmr the seat rf-rvvetnwetit;-iieri which-wvmM
trine into which be may fll.-'. -If heib. abjoluti-lyricceiry In orjcr to prrnT'r bar
general course of a representative of the monv and content menf smnng thr various mrm.
people has been unexcep'ionable, be de- otthe confederacy. The difli'-iiltv having
serves to be continued in tis trust. The I already exhibited itv'l to eomtact a ntifactorv
general good requires that experience in adminitra'.ion of afTJia w'ukb iniimitIy
"Prbttcraffarrs, and eminent talents should
not be sacrificed on the sitae of party or
for difference of opinion; 7 " "
CafeIQhPdIrioi.
Mail Contracts Those wto went
from this section of the country to Wish j
ington for the purpose of enteriog into
contracts for carrying tbe mail, have
generally returned, and we learn that the
following disposition of the routes in this
quarter n.s oeen m.oe a ne une irom
I ataftSaKlB Pf IA r BtaWl fa HI I Tak kit Uiruln kaan
given to Messrs Saltmarsh k Co. who
vii IUU ' BL v 'l vnv viuu ilia w aw aw i , j
' . .
h, , . . , . . r. ...
ave also, obtained thai from r yettevill
to Norfolk, at present in possession of Mr.
Thompson. Mr. George W.lli.m, ,nd
r..Merrilt Dilliard have obt-ird their
old lines the for
Salitbury, and the latter from hence to
Newbern. Mr. David Sauls has obtained
the one from this city to Hillsborough,
which is at present held bv Mr John
Moring, Raleigh Star. !
fin this quarter there ha been-some
altention made The iiae 'from Fayette;-.. ;
villb through Charlotte to Lincolnton, ',
was taken by Mr. Emanuel ReinharrJi of!
uincom, inc man io oe carriea twice a
wcek in Tour1iioreTages7rrom
16t(e"l0WilKesb6rdV the contract "was I
taken by M Newbnd, at present held by
Air. MiiBftrv. In Tim. Irrkm lirMn.linn'
11 r. Massey. The" line from Greensboro ,
through Salem, Salisbury, and Charlotte,
to Yorkvjlle, S. C. is retained by Mr
Moring, the present contractor, to run in
four horse post coaches. Col. Thomas
Bovd continues the line from Charlotte
to Camden J Charlotte Journal.
Tbe Baftimore Republican gives the
following explanation of the recent elec
tions in Maryland.
M After all the troastittgs of the Atitt
Jackson party, it will excite some sur
prise, in our friends abrcad, to find (hat
the actual majority of popular votes
against us is very small ; and that witb a
majority of Jorty eight delegates in the
lower house, they have less than five hun
dred majority of the people. For every
ten votes of a popular majority they bave
one delegate majority. Putting the case
iOfiblner tlgftT,- ihd dsduetinjjj; elghf del
ega'.es elected ioSt Jltfy'e aDtf Calvert,
where lbs ackaoa party had no ridet,
i . ' '
i',afjr,,1,.,,u,,,m,ulMl.i.rrr
This is owing to Ihe groaa inequalities
maiKiriiff o
which exist In our mode el ft prtsen.a
tion, the small counties carrying equal
weight with the largest in Ibe house of
delegate, and double the weight of Haiti
more City , h some of the small coun
ties, the Clay party have succeeded by
such slender majorities, that notwith
standing the vaai majoiity which itey
have in the Ugislaturr, a very few yo'.es
would revolutionite the State. -
ri4f iviTitu soit si
lira.
:rr.r
.torF.XBFU 10, '
i, IM aaMi T
(7 The Senior Editor of I fits
paver u ill tr nlseid from this plnre
for several, me fa, after IVedtvlttt
ve.it.
If ihnne who pr fraa to be atatesmra anl
politician and l i hae, in aome meswre e
mm if uovrrniin-fii m thrir harxla. rr so li-tlc
skilled in the nsture of R. publir.kt so httln
learned in the eues hi' h co'dnbu'c to thrir
! lability or downfall ...if il.r M ignorant of
the fact that the (jireisn anl Rft'ran Rcpublifl
maw AmmltM liMMutt lik ftvllriuua '
ennaequc nres whirh nunt grow out of s further
t itefii"i of 'he larrit'm' f 'h t'nilfH 'a'c,
Tjmr-fair-wwvthl -ww fw wojl:'it thr
purrht of T-ia Whit ( runtrad chrme it
wuH.;rHr.l. be to wchv, that r,.Unir! We
h,r ,WtJv BW ,firiiar tl-t. at kv l.
f( j.. nf f,kf ,,ivM (lf ie Ht.
. .,; " .
tion ihto reserve l lw form 01 envcrn-
........ .. . , .
sta-nl st thev d-..r. to permit ib. proplr tor'.
1 . . i
",r "Xn '" "" -" , rmi omj, nicn aire ai an limit liable tak
'bcv roust n0t exnd the present .W.ninna of
,i mr frtiil jan-ines list have hakcn ina'a-
cern the welfare of the prr.tnt tatr that have
beea admitted intiijL L'iin, wecaaiMM hik
iLprAtdetit to burtbeoth hflUf Ibe gen-Tal
povemmenr vvilh an aJiIIiIoD of weighty bui.
Dea under the pressure of uhich it would as
suredly sink into anarchy or drspotitm. We
cannot even think it prudent to aiimi'. more
atatea into the Union which will grow up from
tbe present territory belon'mif to the United
Statea. At Coloniet under the pr -teetion of
the general government thrv should be permit
t.j, whcQ MCt!Uf). ,0 forrn . n,tioU!l, Mancl,
I
' r.- at 1 ' i it . f
lor the reeulation of their own concerns. If
ub ii win i .min him luuii, smiuiKr in Wnf n
., c . .. . . ...
w'' ,,,ch Vu.r,e of
h,t ",e" ' U",,ern 1,rr,,0"r i" no onU
n.n ...111 ... 1 ....11 . T 1 .L I .
i Dc m,man hurJhp rao4t P-htick we
rn",,,,Tv nl"s,1, ,nttr untry which
j mu '"" or other, have a aepaiate
, and ir"ltendeot government ofi-a own. When
m''' manifest that we cannot receive more
rnetiber into the bosom of the confederacy.
without jeopardirinj; our own fredom and inde-
pe"drnc'"' bow Lwoua and eWe-eated
p!!J,.f.!. ,.,?5:5,'?t.1. . aa'Kliee.! to surrender
a frpetul source jf wealth to the Nation in
rmr'to secure the !ib-rti,s, welfare aiu hp
; fik-mof a people -vtio live at a disUncjDroni
cannot
J do thatjustice V0 which their eq,,a! atation and
uniform rights srnuld entitle ti,,m i M mBr.
.
they applaud oir franknest a:id eenerotity who
! culd be thus pfain and thu, liberal to them !
Ilistimethatthee'temiiinofthiiNationihould
be occupied in deliberate consideration of a sub
ject, important not Only to our own aafety and
svellbeing.but to the safety and interests of that
great body, of .people a rapidly springing- up
beyond the borders of the Mississinoi river
The' most important of the msny qupttions of
momeni winch would present themaelvesin de
Cidiug upon the question, and 'syhich VOUld
show the necessity of pursuing the policy here
recommended, would be the one. rhthr th
government of this Nation will submit to extend
ita dominions at the peril and extreme (,.,.!
of ita-free institutions, or whether it will lay
Miuc, or ence, ail aorrjij tnj gefh view, j ;n.
terert and emolument, and declare- againtt any
more additions to the body.politick, already too
un wieldly aod exnansive. v .iM'. -i.
-.... m, ,t ,a 5r. .3 i .aw. ,aua
timea be willing to extend protection to the
country snd ita inhabitants, and h.n .ffi,;.t
ff popaIitci!,M Cbca,m ttoiaqetozqfii
I U4.1tK isav---Bj ! wcyqy
I . I : a I I it a f .a a . '
an oiication. i incrirner. in. .
, mum
mul teah us lo know lbs) s rrpuhlicaa pstra!
rich! of anjr kind cann.it eitcnd Itself, M
gqt arnment, oer loo great an riteat of t,
try. It ia ucleu to say the tim may kt
dittant, when we ahall see tbe several tttlstl
of the I'nion scrsmbr,ng and grew ling f 4
vision of tboe lands, Which, if retained kyu
Union longer than the pubfic debt la dUcUsr.
fortbe 'pa)mentof ahich they sre pledge
wilt most atiuredly be the cauae of tome &
turbanees, Snd may eventuate la a d.saolutkn
Of the Union. We aed only tjrait foe Uu tmj
wheafowwr Ire eMreatslea ahU! be sJ3tasj
tba Union from tbe Weal and Nwirth West abet
mi mvf fairly f alculaU U t a neat e'atene i
r.Oick U tue ktUng Lturt of the patriot.
ate
IuntcKuieit in bU Chapter npon thy eoneGu.
tion of tngland aaa that Ihe political Cttetrj
of the auftjert it a tranquility of Blind ariai
(rum tbe opnxjp each pcraub Lai f Lit
In order to hava tLia liberty, it a rtquitln
govcrnn.e ui baao oonatituud at one maaattd
nyt be af aid of anwther. WLetbef ia tit dtp
ot ijuuiraquicn tborw n au actual ai;J pnt
csJ ilit'inciioii UetiaccD civil and political rifts'
b'aucbca ul ilia great bod pulitick, t a
nM aiibcieniiy iiiauuotrd to venture toy pot
tie awcition, eiihv.r pro or con. But tuitb
tlieic i a brtad and marked line of ildTtrtact
b taceii thtin, chalked utii aitd ttrictly ptutud
in ihe aJ ti..if i mu ul Itioconoerpstpprrtiia.
ii.g tu the bucj polHick in li.cie rcpattcn
da)t of hiKity. Die rights ol individuals tit,
. . . l .i , re 'hree-lold, naiura!, -civil and poHUcai.
.era burned on their rum by the rittmiO'i f ., . . ymum.
.s ihen e apeak of natural right, w asetatk
thalr dominion, it wouM be well if they w.h.M j -,ch tnd evrry inuiri(lu, hw , fc
free and uninterrupied crjoment of btt'Efe,
liberty ami p. raonal ercori'y. Tbest the U
ol nature has accnnled to all hit cliildrea,aa
thrv cannot be violated, withon- .
gtri-ion of his Ian a riTJtliTwn in lUc Great JaU
wntien for the sovernment and preertttioa
cttry nation, (.nil ngiiti then are of t conns.
ttoiuvl origin, growing out ot tbe friendly i
cuuon oi i.iuiri,um no anterior to Ihn law,
; wire in the occaamnal exercise of their natun!
uroktn in upon by toroe a bo might ananee
ht;bur t nmi'y igniist others trum any cause, vi
then by every individual was in tonUniial ptrj
amlhia life as an uninterrupted erK.toflars4
In Una state ol tflairs, and Irom mot.vet uf tcl
preiervaiion n as the firs aociol compact faraoi
Inch ecur'd la each individual the enjoyatal
ol lua natural nghta, a irn thuae of a gird
hi!tt the conrte of his l,re mu frtrd fruin ui
iety, anaijj Irom the unrestraint liberty eitf;
me by every miTtf taking- tarty tt MM
nj-Uu of bia neighbor wh-iv urmwed by a im
of persoMt danger, f wit impestcd by-thy ass
trrwrof divine ju'iice.
The riebtt which mtn
tuaranucd to each uuliviilutd iu tbia 'r-fii''m
w r
were called tiyil rigbta, aud they are in awi
compr tierx'cd in the kinuaue which MwdM
qtinu appim to pnliiica. rijjhtajJOLVfit aim
quth'v cj uiind ariam from lha opinion cicl
r in has ot L.t talct), and we won Id addu
Sate' Hic;'dlIaT2Ln aim e complete' of tpeitt
ablcaiuL luuuurujwed njoymerrl of hi prsp
erty, InirWrevarifoo Monirarjuieii sllihefrt
deget ol a civil and political uaiure are not it
etaded'.-'f he. language of .VJontCf (fuieu thea iH
ui could be more apii) appiitd to civil than pair
ual pnviieget. Civil rich's according to .oi
undersianding of the tor ma are all those rifl
winch ihe lawsof the body -politick awure
itch individual, winch la a arc buted upontk
rand principles ihat led to the civil associatiai
The right to make ihtte law a ia a civil right b
tlf ma.iner ol making tliein is a political rift
If tne people composing the body politick ar
that every thirty thousau l uf them shall chovti
a -klegte toirinkc Uvrt to gorevfi theTomw
nity, the right to elect and ".lie right of the ref
rcsentative tohave his voiceio every act of legi
iMtton are political righta at contra-distinguitbet!
trom civil. I hen it follows that the right tobr
eiect -.d a mcrcber of tbe Senate i tba right
take a neat in the body of senators (to be i
member of which be was chose nj are all j
cat rights, airtce they emanate from the bodj
politick. It is equally clear that tbe right
vote must likewise be denominated a politkai
right. TTiesT are the three grand divisions i
rigals in civil Society " ai.'d a Tree governnieS.
A sound and correct Jnderntandtng of t!ie trut
distinction between them, among the people
generally, cannot fail to aecure the perpetttr
tion ol the institutions uf w hich they are tU
constituent elements. It has been s.id of tkr
Americans, as we are usually termed, tbst
more , general nd difTuiive knowledge of tbe
right of mr d.s B previl among anyrdK'
nation of people known to the civilieed wertt
This it a compliment of which it ia no fault t
boast and to be proud but how long we
to' deserve go much arid aucli high" reputatit.
remain fur those who are now jittered oB
this vast empire and Who are to succeed tbeft
te determine. With to many fncilitiea for
qoiring thia knowledge ourselves and trsni'"
ing the mearfsof acqiiiring it to our deKCTue
we may well calculate that instead of Ir"1!
room for retracting the encomium hlch &
been pataed upon us, af a natron, we w
likely, ia sitouith tbe ..people af ..Eirnpeil! 1
greater degree. Sve the intelligence of
commuJiitylrBm abatement and it wilt exb'ibit tie
gteiSSD JreS of ptficral toion'aod scb