L ' r
St i A
ll ! im lo (.; u from !, which, bowertr r.M suJ o4 In lhemr Irrs, ! th srmUanea of Wtqul.ijr( bib
t.dno K-ipin In tha brsrt of ih c.'iaeo. Mil which wUI U atadad link tcnofM. Ths ; t.. U
SAUHIlUnY, It 0 WAN COUNTY, N. C.
MONDAY, MAY 30, 1831.
I Ilka IT.,.. r' will km
... ..TH !"
. .H
'' r--ij.irn- i i n i
niOUItAlMIY.
JJiosrajMrnl Memoir of
SOUS, Ci AI,!)VELL CALHOUN.
, . X",,I,',","'X'
Many other iua'iaai subjects came
i-::mvii,v'ir, thu ratrm .4
iil'f)rr I; ''li'r " 't
,ri ,snd IcVd.n-j part. The limit,
vh.fii we t.av prescribed to ourselves
c .impel us to omit any remark on
,,.,, We cannot rtlraio however,
fr n advening to one subject, which
d-rply iRiuwd the country at that
tjm,-. We allude to the fainous rom
t .,4inn la , m M'. Calhoun' course
In rclition to it strongly mtrki his
Character, tne aci ."
universal disapprobation, and Mr. Gal
j!oun Uard (or the first timr the Ian.
raKr n4 censure from hi contiiu
ftits. S me of hi oldeat artd wrmet
Incn'l wete rowt active in their op.
niMtion to rum J ani m: iw
viewi rf the eniightrncd and upright
officer thra at the head of the fotro-
mcQt but that, on the contrary, it
wit hit internum to act in strict con.
formity to the rtcommrndtioo of the
IVeident('io hi m'Mipt at the ope o-
mj of the jciitou, Mr. Maditon
Uof uge to Conreaa it a fjllowi :
1 particuljrlj invite atb their ai.
trjvioo M the eapedie ncv of t-se'rcTiing
lhefre x is flng pli we VI,' and, "w h e i I'ne.
cedMry; of reaortinjr, to tVrreVcribcd
TrrndrotTnlsrginr thrtr-i'l'f-4o
effectuate a Cimprtheniive ayatcm af
rodi nd canala, auch a wtll have
the t fleet of drawing mwt cloely to.
gethrr every prt of our country, by!
of the thrrt Hecretuyof the Treiaury.lon our ludian affalra' Interna! im
he auccreded in greatly restricting the provemcot, and the reductiou of the
power of the rretidrnt to maimer army t for the eiaminatian nf iS
Itratittcri. though he Culd not eflectjeuims f-r revolutionary peoa'toni ; the
....hiis iip.i ui me an. i nc mj. moroiign rcvmitcauon oi tne ,'viiiitarv
potmon m me rocaiure reaieu oo in Academy, the a.urc el profcaiional
ground, that the power was inditperi. cieace, theeatablihment of a uniform
sable, at it wa impoaible to mike and vigaroua discipline throughout the
the ettimatea ao accurately, but that army, supported by the most vigorous
in inriuriiioqi iuuii oueo prnve economy i corHDlrie reorffanlxstinii.
InsulEcTcht in '6piniors,7 whtch " Mrrf whUr."gave'6s, af ihe' ipens'e"6f !
v-moua proea io oc- pneucauy erf force al afl thouaantl men-ao officered
WdT Dpntaient,atthy!!.e4dof whuh ment, a peace. e,tUbliahmeot, havine
ne wit inoruy snrr piacea uy ir. me military cap'Ctty and defensive
Monroe, in December, 1817. power t-f thirty thousand a aurvey
Aiier a mosi Driuiani co'igrrssionai ,! our mariiime Irontur bv the most
promotigg lourcourue si.U improve., career or ats years, i which, in on- skilful eogmeeri i the instituti on of
mews, aud by mere. sii.g tne ahsre cfi Killing or lupporting lmot every U rstem of Dermauet friifica:
every p irt in the commiu slock oi na-1 nnpirtaot measure, which in t pri ii iins, icndrrinir our coasts invul
D-.t dinapprove of bis course ditpaireil
of his re-elcctioo. Conscious oi nav
)ng actrd from d'mioterr sted motives,
and n il h a yiewjto the public interest,
be refused to retract or apologise, or
to take any other trp t injure hi
.-Jrcti.0 than a public defence of the
.maure. lie then repnrnied I. the
tli.tnrtsuf Abbryillr and Icefield.
(ppoiOmeiitKo-Wrrsed his eon.
- f'mwttto t . 4heir.xsp.ci;i J Xtcour f
i ohms, where he vindicated the act in
i, rnmner ao manly and e!T-.ctus1, bv
showir.tr that it icread the power of
the people, by rendering their roprc
nnic ouicers oi in
acui.uii.i
tion prosperity."
Inierpretin the mesiage by what
had bren the practice of the (Jovern.
ment, both under Mr. Midisin and
Mr. JcfTenon, particularly in the con.
struttion of the Cumberland road, it
w,m natural conclusion, that a bill,
which did not eveu prop)ie to appro-
i
pruic moiev to ioterji.il improve
uienti, but simply t set a;nrt a pr
ticular fund to abide the decision ol
the constitutional question thereafter
to be made, as free fr,n all objec
tion of a constitutional character, -nd
that it time clearly under the desrrip.
lion of tt.e .li'-ans recommended in tlr
mensae. a cn, ui iesi, wh iir.
Cnlhoun'a impression ; and be accor
iltnyly avoided the constitutional ques
tion, as nt involved in the discussion
in the tiprmug speech. . Acting on this
impression, the rrjccti'.n nf tor bll,
by the vrto of the r.eiident. was
whully uneipected by Mr. Cilhoun
and J'te majority wilii whjm be ac'rd,
i great U thcaliy became r.ecesssry nerable to mcnemy i the establish-
lor ihe welfare aid honor of the roun. ment of a cordon i military posrs,
ley, he had displayed tsleuts of the ttretchine frm ihe uDDcr lakes around
highest order, as a legislator and an our western frontier as physical and
principle which ha?ovrfneJ Uiin
throughout, aod s io fj( hi(J
placed him io oppo ,0 coorref.
sional cauru he d.,ftt hetlwt to
avow bis opinio'. thtw inms14l..,
the Home, in disrhn;n th t-h
duties which devolved. thtln . ,
to act in rtferente OKhnrdinnl.nn.
to the will of the pmplt, iir t j,, ,
th t, lo ilioonug t Me' gtf .7 j, tE
Covttitutiott' rcnoied-1 ,n,ir.f.'
really, on the 'people, a.m. ,M
the power devolved'upo, atfcf j
was the tcsult.of chance f j t
members, thus axcider.ulLfl, m
lue power of ieleci.Ojr fronhe thfeJ
higncst candidites, were nv.b,,. .
from the obligation of rtfc'ifl M
far os it cuuld be asceruioetjj jjj
Of tbeir ConatllUcDIS. oo w(. .
' . Jf dia
creuou, in ifie enwae ol a 1',
higaer toi fidence had bc
ident,
luted
tlilaliv ren..4rd hv I n Pnn.
orator, we now h id Mr. Calhoun moral sha kles urx.n Indian huatilitirat ! The ono .sue lule. whilai n ..
k :-,k;.kt,;...i . .' . . . '! "V. : ouia
placed in a new theatre, in which his and, finally, lor his duties, as 4 leading
capacity for administration was to be and influential member ol Mr. Moo
proved. Huch was tne deranged roe's able and enbgniened comet,
state of the department, such the v ast Duriflg he fcO0(J lerm t) Mr
sccumulation of its busi.iss. and so si.r.-... .u-,-
of h . friends dissuaded h.m from oc- lhc thojce f ,UCCli;,(r - Ttie
e .pv.nga post of amuch labor and 0me, f ,is ji,lio;u-uhed individual,
danr, but he found m tne.r argu. weTe (iftfed to lhe public,-among
ments mol.vea foraccept.ns.n.teadol whic w lhlof Cjnouu ,
.lecl.o.ng the appo.mmeot It wa. no, Ui th wilh mtuV
hi, ambition to be useful to the coun- ctadid4J the'e.tement ahould be
try, snd where so much r-rroi-ned un. , ... , ........
done, he believed, whatever roiirht be " ...x . , . .r .. ( r .
, . 4 6 caused lv the clashing ol opposite
the sJaniter and - tatiiruc. - mucn eood . ..
pretensiona violent." Mr. Calhoun
Drove J u"l irtuoate f.ir the countrv.
Thr bill carefuilv provided that .he
fund should be aoplir.d in th-; srveral
States, in the ratio of Iheii represen
tation, respectively, in the nioni uu
inerous branch of the national legis
lature, in making such internal im
provemcnts in each Ktate as fori'
..i j.r...I..4 -sMe iDeei.h. which L'mfc tcUh the astcnl ol Vic Male,
abounded in deep constitutional viewMi.liould by la direct. The. guards
of the "rtlatloa: leiweeo tr.e l'fople an-1 jthus provkkd, by .ecuring a lost and
rquuame apmicanon of iun'i unii
from a ccrtaiu source of fitr'd amount
am ng the Siates, under th? concur'
rent dilution of Vongrm and the
Jjisftilure'
. I - ... t - . n . . kn. ti.inlrlKr ir
tjnvcromerit whose ciiretiapjjuiiiw..c... ...u c -a.
jested on them, more Lid-pendent ol
executive patronage, that it turned the
tide of public feeling almost aa strong.
Jv in his favor as it before had been
opposed to him. Though, on ihe
p mage of the bill, he had taken but
Utile interest, yet, on the question of
i s repeal, he bore a cousp tuous pari
sianger and - iatigue, - nucn good
it .'.' a. - - ai . a. . . rr .
micoi DC accorjipirsnea, j ry PTTe r.rT. fft r'l"T" ."-
r . ' , . . . 6 . came in for a full. share of detraction.
even unci sicwivi n nisiory . oi i . j . ' -
... , , ,,, ,. ' Lvents turned ihe controversy, ao fr
hi. lm1filltritinn nl ih. War .nir-l . 11
-....-..f,... he was twremed, more particular
men ,or more nan aecn years, Ufy q
wuuiu iilicu me iiuiiis ureati I'Jcii iu 11. r. t i i ir j c
.. . , .., . r Mr, Crawford. A dilKrerfce of opin
tin. .rtirl. IV iflmi.t iltrmninm I. . .
- . - a .
the .Campmentj and between ttie
House of Representativca and ihe
Kxecutive, and of which ao estimate
may be - formed h. the following ex.
tract from a speech, pronounced by
one of his most talented political op.
poneota. Mr. Grosvenar said, Iff
j-.net heard wM-pcuUarBimiuaKil
iSe able, manlv, and constitutional
rentieman irom r?.'.
would have prevented abuses aa hr
nrariirafdr. and nsriicolarU i lhat most
, , ,
therefore, to recount the means by
which he ctTected such important im
provements, suffice it to say, that,
when he came into the War Depart-nr-nt,
he found it, in all its branches,
in a state of contusion, and lelt it iu a
state of complete org-inizdio-i a.xj or
dcr. lie found upwards ol 10,000,
000 rl unsettled accounts, which tic
teduced to less than three, and com.
plcteiy prevented all furtner accumu
lation cyclic unexampled rxactne sip (
accountability wh'nh heimrodaced In
to every branch of theTdisbursemcnts
snd, io consequence of which, he was
mailed to report to Congress i l8i3f
that, " of the en;ire amourit of money
'drawn from; the Treasury in 1 V22 fuc
dantrrrooB of -H-)il'jw, the aocia-J military aervice, lodudiog- pensions.
linn of a n .-stion of DohTv with" po-timOTinrrrlirtO-g,5n;95t 94 Ct.
litical niow mentslar the advancement! ihough it passed through the hands of
nal interests. To two nunurea ana i.inety-one (iisours-
nrh of the centteman
" .. rt .1 I ! . mt.r..f.
a. r... m. . rn. . . . r . i r i.k. i.i.i ill nil mill aii.i.w. 't
Carolina." :ieic 4s... , . - r - . . . , .
hiaownminj, to a per. sucn auusri m.. I " , fnr .
uliown himselt a resolute opponein,if;.r r.vni.w,.wi u. wj VJ v
1 . . . k . rrr Kinn J t the lo the Gorirnment." He found the
HUM ' "' 7
rrriirrtnt?. Ifl
onal difference with Mr. Calhoun,
svhirh arose out of the warm party dis
cussions during the war, paused for a
moment, and then proceeded. " Mr.
Ppraker, I will not be restrained. No
barrier shall exist which I will nrt leap
over, for the purpose of offering to
that' gentleman my thanks for the ji
difious, independent, and national
roitrse vvincn ne una punu ... .....
House lor the last two years, and par
ticularly upon the subject now beb.re
us. Let the honorable gentlemen con
tinue with the same manly indepen
dence, aloof from party views and lo
cal prejutilcca), J!Lrl!!?..!!5. JB.V
terests of his country, and fulfil the
Mgh destiny forwhich it was manifest
he was born. The buzz of pop tlsr
applause mV -not cheer him on the
way, but he will inevitably arrive nt a
hitrh and happy eieyatun in tne siew
f his country and the world."
At this session, Mr. Calhoun mtro-
duced, and .ucceeoeo m .-.
through, a Vill to set aside the bonm
paid by the United States' Bank for its
charter, and the dividends upon the
stock in that institution, belonging to
the Government, as a fund for inter
nal improvement. It was rejected by
Mr. Madi'ton on constitutional grounds
great hart rd of his popularity ) while
be has const sntly, "o all suitable icca
sions, proved bv his acts that he be
lievesthat Co-gresshas the right as well
as the mcaot ol executing sure of the
powers expresily dtlegmed to it, to
mike appropriations fir internal im
nroven.tats. Yet. brcause he has
evinced a determination not to lend
himself to the abase ol so delicate a
lias been
made to fix upon him. a charge ot in
consistency ; a charge which, if his
course be iwpirtially examined, can
only be sustained by confounding op
position to lh abu.e of a power with
opposition to the power itself.
After noticing one more point, wr
will contlade our view of Mr. Cal
houn's congressional career. No one
fhas more uniformly mippo'-ten
ary mieoncepionof. the character of
the bill, caused by tne rr-jecuou, .j
quirc, brief as we propose to make
this sketch, that we should enter a lit
tle into detail respVctingit. In re-
tKe hill. It JS
pontug ana uJt.-ij - . -
manifest from the - debate that Mr.
Calhoun did wot suppose that it in
volved the constitutions! question, or
was acting io oppeftition to the
on
dr.rtrii.e of BDecihc api)ropriations,
a rigid adherence to which the control
of Congress over the moneyed trans
actions ol the Government must tmio
ly depend. Tne dangerous power had
been given to the President, of trans
ferring appropriations at his discre
tion from one branch of service to an
other in the War and Navy, Depart-
A fste so ttOVa? dtn neralaonrooriations, and
viii- r ...
thereby subjecting the disbursement in
. .rri.t measure to bis control. Mr.
Calhoun at this session moved a reso-
lotion directing the commtiiee oi
Wayaaad Means to inquire into the
expediency of repealing the act -coo.
ferring so dangerous a power j and,
notwithstanding the opposition of the
comtniuee, supported by the opinion
tirmy fisting the country. upwards
S5l,.per man j he left the expense
less ;han- $287 ; "r, to do more exet
j-ist ce to his economy, he dimished
such part of the cost ptr man, as was
susceptible of reduction by adminis
tration, (pay, wa fixed by-law,)
from 8229 to 16150, notwithstanding
his liberal allowances to the officers
and men, and a deduction for fall ol
prices, and thereby saved to the coun.
try annuslly more than 8 1, 300,000
in the expenditure of the army aUue,
without comprehendijg the other
branches of the Ordnance, Engineer,
and Indian Department, the saving in
which amounted to several hundred
thousand dollars per annum.
. These improvements were effjcted
under very adverse circumstances.
ion on the subject of a congressional
Caucus, as the means of designating
the candida'e, contributed mainly to
jive it that direction. Whatever
might have been the propriety of
members of Congress nominating
cj di late for the Presidency, when
the praitice w.s first introduced, ex
prrirn e had induced Mr. Calhoun to
believe th.ttiti.long duration without
interruption, combined with the gret
increase of the patronage of the Gov
ernment,hmd rendered its continuance
dangerous to the liberty of the coun
try, by placing in the power of the
PresideoY the choice of his successor
through his T 'flaence over the mem
bers of Congress. Under this im
pression, his friends took an active
and decided tttnd -against a nomina-
iiwn6y a congressiohjTcrtic'W.
Party excitement was high durin5 the lor tne present tiisting,
period," and Mr. Calhoun, 1nm hit cXluemagislratc.
1' : ... i,.r,- .!. m.Kt.r . a randi. 'tate to advise his fnei
Dj&iiion before the public, as a candi
date for the Presidency, came in for
his full share of opposition and mis.
representation, which were manilest.
ed by a powerful resistance to almost
every measure Which he recsmmended
for the improvement of the Depart
ment: but now, when the excitement
uf the moment is passed, all arc
agreeclTn Hoi og a'm plc' j'asttce to - the
success and ability with which he or.
ganized and administered the depart
ment. Indeed, it is only by the per
fect order and system introduced into
it, that it is possible to eaplaiu how
Mrr Calhuo found time lor preparing
his numerous reports, which are no;
surpassed in ability by our ablest pub
lie documents j particularly those- up-
The
friends ol Mr. Crawford, on ihe con
trary, t.iking an opposite view of the
suhji-ct, necessarily came into conflict
with those of Mr. Calhoun. Svtbse
q icnt events have amply justified the
course pursued b.' the latter. On the
failure of the people to make choice
of a President, the election devolved
on the Ilause of Representatives, and
the result has probvbly satifiedall that
Congress is not the proper depository
of such a power, and tfiat it can be
lodged with safety only with the peo
ple. And it would be difficult to as
sign a ressou against the final choice
being brought into the House of Rep
resentative, which would not strongly
apply to a previous nomination by the
members of Congress.
During the can vans, the friends of
Mr Calhoun had rested their hopes
of success, in no irmall degreej on the
support of Pennsylvania j but when
thargreat State indicated a preference
for the present distinguished and patri.
he dtpot hes
friends to diminish
the number of candidates, by with
drawing bis name, so as to strengthen
the probabil ity of a choice by the peo
ple, and, consequently, to lessen the'
hazard of the'election being devolved
upon the House of Representatives.
That coarse was accordingly adopted.
This memorable contest termioa-
xed.in.ieiurnj jCfenJaksonj Mr,
Adams, arid Mr. Crawford, as the
three highest candidates to the House,
and the election of Mr. Calhoun, by
the people, as Vice President, by a
large majority.
Dorjng the whole canvas) Mr. 'Cal
houn bore very kind personal and po
litical relations with both of the lead
ing, candtdattrsi but, acting cm the
leave tne designing Iree to purs.j,..
c.i mi coos, couiu not tan to craC
and agitate the country, to eiy
the operations of an admioist.
brought in agamst the will of flit. . '
jortty, aud t.s end at the next ele
in it violent Conflict of parties, as t.
now be apparent to all. Huch at le
were Mu. Caiiauuu's cocctptions a
acting upon them, he found himsv
placed in opposition to the late admit
titration at ihe commencement of if
career. It ia oot in his nature U
shnuk from difficulties, h we rer great,' .
Without waning .to ascertain how far -
ne wnold or sostanncd tjr tht'io-opetfl"
isuun .ui sTuun, ne-maiotameu iua-- s
p sition ressnutcly and cptnly" at th 1
nazard ol drawing down tu himself
the wnole weight of 'the administra
tivin. The evens which fallowed, and
wnitn terminated in the overthrow o
that administration and the election
of Gen. Jackson tw tne Presidency
nd the rr-eiecti m ol Mr. Calhono to
the Vice PrcsUe.ic), arc too recent to
require particular ounce.
The .ft e ol Vice President, from '
me ncgieci oi me immediate prede- 1
cesaurs of Mr. Calhuuri loexecut te -duiiea
assigned to it -by th Coostitu-
ttou, hod, itthexstimationftheTieoVi(
nlt; Intt tvi.irK ti. I, -. - .--. - -: a.
.--v.. u. ,lB impuriauce, 3f,
CaaiittuAtW'acduWaly'dcvbtITiiaiV--seU
to the oijjh trust committed to hii
chr&tl,'! 'thepr6ainraaaod
ability with whichThe has exewthii
duties, he has restored to the ofliun at
dignity-indxharacur thith Til "tadT ixt
pos se s sed ' si oce -1 he j ce Pr es ide jj y y
oTMr. Jeflersn. Ui( decision! hava '
decisions hava
given universal satisfaction tcrppo-i-'-"
news as well as friends, with I sin rid
exception, whuh from its peculiar
character, and the circumstances which
attended it, cannot be entirely passed
over iu a narrative of his public acta.
We aliuded to his decision respecting
the power i V.ce President, aa presu .
ding officer, of the-Senate, -to -call
Senator to order for Words fpofon in
dchnJe. That Mr. Calhoun, under
reckless and malignant activity of
misrepresentation, never before aur i ;
paased, suffered greatly in the estima.
tton of his fcllow-citizeos for a time.
cannot be doubted j byt that they re (
suiteo irom tne circumstances under :
which the decisiou was made, and not
from the want of correctMSs in the- ?,
detisiou itsclr, carr be ai titrle doubwd -hy
any one, now that 'the excitement . '
has subsided, who will take the-trou-
ble to examine the grounds upon which ,
ttM.-NevtTnaaiherePrTiod"
known, when there was so much ex- - I
citcmcnt in - the Senatpf as this n, t
when the decisioo was made. It waa j
luring the first open contest between
the administration and the formidable '
opposition, bywhich it was finally drU 1
ven from power i and wheh an orator.
distinguished for the sarcastic and er
ratic traits of his, eloquer.ee had pro
duced the, hjghest agitation. Mr. Cal
houn was too wn to be opposed to the
adtnipistrauotiV A: cast of fhe kind t
had oe'rer befo1r?6crurreff
ate, and the principle on which the
decision rested was novel. Under
such circumstances it was not extraor- a
dinary that, before there was time to
examine its correctness, unworthy
motives,which He lalpcspaple of feel- "
ing in the discharge of hia high duiev
I should io the excitemcot of thc"raf4