1 .. . -
. , . ,. , ,, . . . . , -
ft li even wi t iWtt
I I niiui uws. Winch Ioikv. m,. ...I j
r. . . i ' i , .
ofiniialiijr lilcJ, find
V
eiazen, and huh w ill be evadr. with iiul remorse.
- " ; . : : :
hi nuuTON cuuno
SALISIiUir. UOIVAX COUVrrN. C,IONDAT.Ar!Ut...
et'i'PLCMRNTA I MEMORIAL
or rni ,
FREE TRADE CONVEX-
far h'omirahlt I hi Stnutt dj' Hmm
.; tf Rrprturntatieti ; of ikt VmtrJ .
Stuff i, ' i i Cm rfu ' mmrmlltd s
Tli undersigned, member of. a Coin-
tiiiiif o snpoiiil.-d to prepare itd protoni
-(n(Vn'ri t Memorial on the subject of
h.-fading System, beg leave pre
"Vn ill" Tll 'inif tiews, in aillition to
ftnir rvfiitt'l liv I In Chairman of thai
'o ii .nirfe. We do not cluiui to repre
cjl t'i" .i'iiiti(iU;, run-do we suppose il
to i i xiHcr to add to, or improve,
t!i fur mill lavl rly aryumcnf on the
serai mlij' rt, i.f the able ami distiii-
trin-'w! I 'lalcHiiuiti who (traded the Mem-
ori l. Hut, ai individual members of the
Committee, fr tho avoiilins of iiiicim.
wptimK, anrl on Iw.-half ft' llie rxrtiutr
nTli'irw of the country in v Inch e re-aiil-,
nn. whieli . have in dome nrt re.
iir-'ilril, we pf'rmiini to exjiliiio
i iir vi" on f''W 'iirtii;u!r tupir. We
In'' fu!!y uppf ' "f tHe verul pmpmi.
li"- uli;ch f'rrn the of (lie Menu
, . ii, with rmo or I wo alight exrejv
!,n- -e rat'i;r uppl'me!iiurv than con
try ! riorv, ! lUuao xtiitaineJ in that dot-'
I ho iemoriai auniei trial tlie mim
Htnrv ''i be raiwl tor the r linarv et-
pf,T i.l (t ivernment will, ae r tbe Tub
Jir '! hall hare ben oai I off", mul the
jw vtui ibitiea vltimallr reduced, a
Hi mil (nahout lliirteen million of dolla m ;
t-'ia' it W he n.csa;iry to rain thia a-pcHi-t
br etHion; an the riewa and cab
cul iii 'n of the Vemorial, are founded on
Ik -npp niti'Mi that duties average twen
t rx-.c centum, end admittinjr dicrimina
li i'H. to the amount of twanfy-flve per
wijin, may be neceiwiry for tun pur-
Iwr may I applied lo tbe prxlurinn ufi
romimNiuiea f iU, tioino market, and
that tfio value of etporla mar drprwinte.
To a sat er-nl thene""caue mnv n Ur.l
t'e itterea-e of e tpmla, aul ie, Ail v.
aeepinif pact with the inere-4e of p.iMla
ti'in, It ia iinriHhle to mj. They 'ope.'
ntte eratiinllv and abiwly.
We nubmit, hier, i,af the rate .fj
incroaw? of miporla i likrly to im rm-e
iii'irw mpiuiv in r'nequ!iire ci K
i. ui.inni i uuurp. i ma incfiie ii riinv
lie inipoaWhle to entimite with accunie:
'ml, on all ream nl etpcricncf, it imut
twrerr rrcat. rrim I7FI lolO. a
period ijannp a Im h thnre sere very low
cquea, ii opjiciirK mat imjxirta, eMimated
ceordin'f to the nmount ?f dutiea naid
imo me j rraurv. im-red at Iha annii
nl&idln per cent, line ru .
tainerl fy lakinp an overafre l three rri.
odaofeixyeHreeftc-li, feom 1 701 o70a,
from 17W fOI.aud fc.m l01 to ISO;
Ibeaveragi. income f-orn dutica beiag, fi.r
Ibelirit rmriod, tl"Q2,r.(Q t f,r the
ivl. fcs,W?,fi84 ; and f.r the third, 818.
flfl.'i,'2(l(J. Ihirin? thia nrriod, however.
lliere waa an immense extr,",i'iii of the
. . . .
ram ins iro ie, and el the cnmviiim of
ootion; nor do we eupnoee that firf-i 'n
coinincrco would inrreaae ao rapidlv und;r
a ay Mem of low diilirt in future. The
production of coinmoditiea f.r exportation
wmii't, lioweyer, be etimulaM bv the I oorlioned to
ted Stale, indrpondently of proieclinf du.
, ri WH iny (bat thee majiufHC
urea B.,r, a, addiU-al ami brtter mar
el t :.r ' theution. Hut itiaofi!,,,
! 18 i Meeiinf F;,t,o,, jht we m.w
unv II the eotl-ffl nta.iufactHred ,
the Imted Fialt eonld be mai.nfi.roir?
nrnm cheaply abroad, and ar.M m .re cheap,
ly here, after rwvintr il,i ( ..r
. i . 1 ' - . ' wii"iir.
ImiKiuir
..... .. , uu'ic ior reveniw. i lflt ,i
(r.-.Tirnnip t,i.1Hli( market lor COtloa . .,).
.v.. , rnn-iu-nce n inrrmy mionfuc
mres t,r meana ornrotrrtini? iLiiii. Cm
luifilv !l iM "oi.li'u incniu a are imte.
pei Miii o miinufjlurea and irot"rtinj
dutii ii, would I able, in ctMnqovtice of
obiamiiiff t hem more cheaply, to Mirrl:a
a jfrealer (iianftj nf cotton fibrica thnn
mrjr now can. If there be a cleiof
prr"o:ii in I he maniifiicliirinij dilrictor
connicu Willi inanulacliireN, hoar en.
abled to Kjrtlinn cotum ful.rirj. which
Minywi. not otherwise heablo lonur.
c!iar, llicre would he a pr'ciIy aimilar
ci.uei in perxon. eonnrctud with tl. F..
roian mamif-wture. which our iiwroM.H
dmnaud would 'call into ei-tenc.
niouhtae e?seente of mit.in fabrU-a
; onwmed m tbe Vniud State ahonl.l ly.
iJiminwhed bv a re.lujiou ,,f ,V t,e .,,
aumption of Amerirtn foil -ta'wouM "U in-
created. C eriaiolv tliere w-md an in
crcaevd demand for America cottou nro.
.1 . . . :
ine irtcreuMil A mTlcan ae.
mund fr foreign mannfaclurM.' We
M-oli m.t now of the ik.licv or nalriotiam
ofalTordins; employment, ead tbe me in
of conumin, to foreign ltor, rather
than to American. The inquiry ia a to
1 1 in maricei I r American roiinn. nn. t
future, it would foil :W that an incmJ
iwirli.kfi id iKaV ainnnul AitMaidtAA (L I.
TSe egira.,orthirt.en million. 1 '"'.'' ""'7 wW empleyed in
.1 ! v
oniinary eaaenaea o i vernment, u
i ... .X I -i-.i
ncfiitura mr everal year pnnt. On thia
eu'iject, permit ui to auj!;eHt that tee
4iar been yeara of very hih expendi
lur. "4 ire than three million of ihia a
Dount have been applied to fort'ficationa,
the (rradual incra of the navy, Revo.
4uti )nary ponaions, ivt internal improve.
jn tt. In the nature of thing, most of
V D-ircna ,,f exoenao must i radually di
Hn:h : and, with reepect t- the policy
of 'rtHre, public opinion is divided. -It u
ynt-mnlite'l that the reducti-y of pre
tftm; duttea,- ami ronieiruently of reve
ihalt In grtdmU " It ll fair lo'calcu
Jal" tSjt thojr Will be, very -much dimin-M'l-f
beflffejhe.ulUinate'.-rductiQri of Ju.
lies. The other f arrent eveenaea of the
'venm?.it aeem t be provided for on a
'fWfRciently XUral acalo.
. Th" OTiorial doea -not tale into ca.
fnlation the ru venue derived . from the
Public lan la, from the Hank, and other
Jnvele say, iorJ'ieu(.-lvci. that-they
fcave aal coBai-kred it lo come wiliin Ibe
t'vi of tbe Oonventi.Hi, or of the Com
mitie ti make any eujsesiiion whatever
to vur honorahle body, en the aubieet of
,a pahli: landL-Aaaumhur that the rev-
wiae irom these source i to continue, i
taimol be neceasnry td raise more than
pine, or.tt the utmct ten millions by the
Cusli mn; ''By'iWTTlepbrf of tbe Secreta
ry .ft!ie Treasury, it appeara that the in
Cme from theec aanircea Vare amounted,
for the f.vn part yeara, to about three mil
lions ar.d he estimates it fir the preecnt
year, at three milliona an hundred .tboua-
and dollara.
If the future areraje of importod rooda,
- pavmrr dntiea rat wiisnirWarilie knifed
irr rimiiueu avi luiv-acven ana a
Mlf million, which the Memorial suppose
t.i have leen theverge of the last Kix
'nrs. then an average of abort seven.
een per cent, would be necessary to raise
Teimie often millions." " We bes leave
frest, however,' thai" the averaw of
Xuiurliyaart Will certainly be greater than
Hie past. lUppeara, taking an average of
j'nporjs irom ivn te two ihclusiye, and
JfflMrmlSjfl Ihe
whole period often year tfiere haabeeti
era lual . increue-.of - iapom for eon
sumption of about one per -eent.-per an
hum.- We submit, however, a a proposi
lion arcelv dispwlable, that therate 'of in
iieac must have leon .nuch retarded by
the successive greal inrease'of duties
by the act of 1 624 mnf 1929. Under any
Jr najieot system of duties which iocs
iioi o;f,rt M exclusion of foreign cummod
iuen, ibnr must be an inereaseif iinpor
Jiti' n with the increasing pripulation-and
Jabof of the erainlrtf 'f " mt If nnwnl "'
- IB IHV U V -V.
ft ttiejiL aulioa wntMt lo-
clienHieM oT Igreipn commodities; and
the profits of cominercayand the amount
01 ireiziita apphcalile to tbe pure ha- of
foreign coanmoJilies, would lie likewwe
increaaed. Imprt would thus increase
Nornewhnt 'beyond the rateoiexiierted nro-
duct. The prevention of amUKlinc. too. 1 am Io m ilmi the Pr,i., k..-..
which would U lha offixrt of low duties, i, j afCrda .tuimm ya. addilionaJ inarke'i, but
pr rhap. not wi worthy f eoneideration aa 1 onlv auhsfitute a more limited and inJbri
lending lo increase imports. lorfora more extenaiva and better one.
If the reduction f dutiea should have IfiW- ..f. .. ...l:-. .1 ...
tiie effiet of prevenlinz the diversion of . m-r..
- I ill . .1 a a ...... m, a-w jvaiaj, HIT rv 4 W f)
ca,li,l and I.W t,Mth;r employments ,n eicbry milli... aa imv verv ee.ann.1.1.
. ' tr j '
U -eapaeud,- then- an average duty ii
iwemy per cent, ad - valorem, u repeated
by tbe Memorial, would produce a reven
ue of sixteen ntllions, which, addod lo
mt mctaemat revenue from other sOjrce;
producing commodities fr (ore in expor
tation, and, conscquumly, that the orodue
.r c.i .. ..
the rnlioof the mcrea of po,H,IatKm. It millions. If impor.a should ince to
ccn.-i imnrary causes tm hundred million, there wtmld be a
would orc..,on a rreat wrejwe ofjmpor.! revenue of at le.S twenty three m.lllw.
tatmn tr ,me years; and this temporary J So great wrplua of revenue would aeem
exc.ienient of our eoinmrc,iJ intercourse, ( t0 atteiKled with the most aeriouf and
would fend to the etfar-ement of oar per. eyjU. . ghoild iht Govenimem
manent commerce. C.h-nrr- the in- uadertake lo expend aq la2ea sum, then
erea -,f imports ,n the natural ourae of; wh , t Knmh wi ;iInp a
lhin?s, and the accelaral-d increase whichiaho several sectione of mir eommur.il v f,r
o.u-t be the efRct of. .'rat reduction, of: W. M.nM..iw ,.t wk.i.;.u
duties, the unowned aubmit whether it j of confusion, intrigue, aod duhoncu, will
caa .be considered doubtful that average! c,ry year witness at the Seat dfUW
..... . m,m m iia.i, or. ai inM m jemment ! - WbatriotaT-1 annihilation of
mo, naen p-r renium. Wouw proOucargtMwer laatflwSceTrBir whaFcn.
cjmiim's ui viorrmmnnu
. In addition la what is aai. in the Mem
orial on the subject of the encouragement
-ivenioiiie productions or arricvllure by , lainly iiot The , great priociple ef hu
Ihe protecting System, beg leave to j man ait it re must be entirely jiradiciteMj it
make some remark as explnnata-V of our 1 the character of man andero a total
wn view i relation -to the additional I dian,'beMWa1cUa
market mpposed tube aflurded frth,ult so completely at wir wilh fact and
great atopic, cott-fl. . If there, be j0 r7-
ant - exten.nmof 1,e martt-t caused by ,firfB surplua revennea mual be spent
the introduction of the man,facturea, it ; e, ,he Stales rai-e and disburse tliemifor
n n x ' ' "Pn their OovernmenU understand local inter.
eats infinitely better than tlia Federal
in
f;'im wetild reign in evrrV country
lau-op, " .
may 1 permitted toausj (bat
the (.'overainefit rnn never becmbarraed
by an ccaital drfjrit nf tevenue loss
pcrunj), ihaq hy even an oocsioiinl rur
pins. rn,, cjeuit-iellllie UovemitKint
ii timca. aiwd er the ptirpm of
1..U.M7. , 1 n,a crm,ut Wmiij u fortifl'v! bt
1 HWiaTiannifi iinriii-i'aaai
voL.xn: so 17.
1 aval 111 1 a iisjiaawi nwaesr ' .
tbe wjcad abidfine pamimonv of re'.
"rtC!in kiwiiilitura to aecemar .,l,i i.
j imvin,: m tum-tspf I hn people,!
le iinprovo.1 .v them, Ik je.fi-ewhich
the GovcejiiiTcht could, at any "linie.' com.
mati'J. J he rf -,.-,t of aim year itii-bt be
i 1 .1 . . : .
-iiT1H-n iiiinii utsa.vaiirai'e in the next
liut fliat a euri.lun should U uneimdovel
. .1 ... ...
in ine ii-eamirv, would be ', om to the
community.
rmm what has been s tid. it ill I
err ivM thai w r.tneur vrrv fully in the
u2Cilion of the Memorial, thai the aver
ajoi luty actually requirud, would fall fii'r
nort o tweuiv rr cent. . The Memoridl
rcfi'M to twf-uiy -five.n-r centuin. aa the
highest duU which abould. in any cae. be
allowed. The unili riolojed. for ovoiiiuiir
miscoaorpliorfi, beg leave re:iectfiilly lo
sii-geai lunt they do not understand the
iieiiHirial toadmit. that, if a luwor average
of duty than twonty xir cent, should be
lounJ agfijcwut, a dixeriinination should
be alill riade In the extent of iwenlv-fire per
ct'iitutn, . and that thia di-riminaii.m
should be niKtsed in favor of protucltHl
articles. , "
Thus uuuVratood, if an avera duh'of
iwtive ami r half per cerrtum should be
found sutficienC, there would be a dihb
duty in favor of pMected artlcbis. , Kucli
a cohhI ruction would be a departure from
ouo of the ptinclptea atlcll fottr. the tiula
ot the Memorial ; (hat duties shall be ulti
mately MpialiitMfcothat the duly on any ar
licit liall not vary materially from the ceu
ral average rule oTall the duties toother.
It appears, from the Ueportof ih I?.
retury o the I reasurv, that the revenue
rived from the article moot hiihlv pro
tected, wool, woolieo.4, cottons, le'inp, tall.
ironiiiMi suiiar.aiuoUiltUunof Hm past
year, to aoout nine million, f erhatie it
may tie f und that a duly of Iweutv-bve
per cent. wiUbe ntore prwkotive f re-
vame than the present hih duties. . I'n.
dor the Tariff of If 17, the duty on wool.
merit! And can we expect, troin gnv-tmmeat-
cooatituled tike nun, a fair and
equal disbursement of the reveimet lYt'
creaso more rapidly than dunng tbir peri
w reierred to. Thia increase may not
. iithe ratio of the increase of popula
lion, though, ififae same .rnklfve prpor-
w-n of labor should contiaue tn. beanoli
of i he. planter themselves, and at an ex
pernio, which 1 much greater than the ad
ditional price which can possibly be pro
cured for cotton
1n thh respfcet, 'it bear an exact anal
ogy to the merchant who pays hi pur-
enaaera, to purchase his goods, more
than the profit he should make on them;
or may be aptly eompired to th institalion
of a standing army when the nation does
not require one; which will be sure to in-
cmie the demand for airricultural pro
WiH wak hira loak on it as a curse to his
country.
If we examine into this increase of i
market.it will be found so ieeunsidcrablc
ao inefficient in its operation, especial I v
when set 6ff against the cmdual loss of
market in Europe, which will, in all prob
ability ensue, that it ii entirely unworthy
of the vast efforta which have been made
to establish it. For before the American
Syi4-w carried te the extent ta.whtch
itirnow-TJashedrour cotton fabrici Were
imported front -Great Britain, and conn
med in larger trnantiries tbarf they would
bae been if made in the United Slates, in
consequence of greater theapnc- The
greater portion of these cotton goods were
midrwitirmiameitm
dent, then, that if we produc there fabrics
in the United Stales, England will affrd a
lea market than ftrmerlv,"1o Ihs aaiount,
at leant, of that portion of cotton which she
manumcturea for usT It m thus .certain,
that if all
th cotton rood consumed in
"-arfiifv Sear
-- . . - . . .. I . -t ' y . . -. , x J . . . , a.w.v u
M CXricoted that tmnnrtntKin u-amIiI in. I mericari e'ollon.' the -market fiir cottonlmoni liScrivunrt b nnlr1'nn;t tla
can wnen maae unner such cirrumstanoes.
Iftho monarch of Itiirone, bw some eo.
goods wmill, nMHt uhiToiibtedlyhave been
Irucned bv the establishment of domes
.ti;:iinfi!liiHj!fUrek . Cotton goods, cheap
at they. DQ.ajf wrsildjiave heen cheaper
still if furnliheil us from abroad, and con-
d fo the producliin of eoramoflities for 1 seoanntlv, a larger naantitv Would have!
f rt''li1ii eyehan1de::yarthi'wn4 ;j w. roalerial more tttnuit: ttal
be t!ie naturjil ft''!1? MtC" ; "rrr 77--that,
'in the ' C!lr'i'r' "n.es - .ei .t a.,ir?,-itivn f i.tni;'sf ix'rr-vniiiii)fae
f fupuloia, a lirer partioa ! j tiys ttad old 5iveibejly iatho Vai
lens, which was fixed at twaiity-five per
centum, wail lounn to be mucu more pro
ductire than the prewmt high impt has
proved. If this should prove to be the
luct withrcKpccL to th other- protected
ttituJes. which there aeemtl.flogeod -Tea
in to dwhtj- rtrn, by a duf v rrftwrjty.
. e:R12DtiM',t'c'o. trt.tcka aloBfl,; iJ
anJ , more , than .. all the revenue may... be
raided- which iruiid te be raised for
customs. V.Thia . w ould raider -th -rfutie
on wiifcaVco(lo, aod oilier artkJes of
tatqrynMritaar
psrtiireTroiB tiie.yiewa tfJiiesJUemar4il,
whi h prays that those arclcs may be
subject to about atv average rate l taxa
tion. ' ',-j...JS--
,u.If uchv tlUermioatton hould We 1
lowed, although tbe aggregate burden f
Uie cozumurniy might b diMiinislifd, that
ineqiailitt of operation ' nil the "d
clas-i-s of the eommuuil and acctiorw'of
the cou'ilry, which baa excited so . much
odium and discontent, would be aggravat
ed Awl let il be remarked, thai,. if the
accessary freight, charires, and profit,, on
irifporting foreign merchandise, amount,
a ihey have been estimated to do by thoie
most enrapctear to Jnd'to fifte-rr- pr
rent, on the value, than a duty of -fitVen
per cent, will aflord the manuficlurer a
protection of thirty per cent.. Whether
the country can be considered as at all
prepared for manufactures which cannot
be successfully prosecuted with a proVo-ttenthVftenh-i
snbmtttqd kr-tlvewis-doni
and justice of your- hon jrabhi tiody. 1
Perhaps the foreign nations, among whom
Restrictive Systems are aaid to obtain, do
not alTrd protection, ao efficient as our.
manufactures would receive from the ha
tural situation of the country, and tlie
wanta of tb OoverniiiiA for revenue., rf
"The Memorial states, .lt is well ahown.
to your honorable body that the Tariff
sraera is believed to be unconrntutional
bv a numerous and respectable portion of
n . i ii i ii'1' i ...
me Afnerican i eojite, inciuotiig, pnwWji
a i majority the jwopfe oT tlie Smitberrj
Siaie.'' From oprmrtiinllies, of,liitimate
knowledge and I full' information, which
were not enjoyed by the gentleman who
drafted the Memorial, we are able to state,
that, among the peopla of the SuUiern
Sute exUmling from the Potomac to the
MiasisNppi, (with th exception of a mia
r portion f one of these States.) ther is
as near an approach to unanimity rpjin
ion with respect to the uteonstitutiorJably of
th rrotoctiiif Hystem, ai an ever be ei
f!?.. object,
Weaiibmit, withthe deference which feaw
comes us, whether, an-opiaioo thus widely
diffused and deeply rooted . independently
of any aupposition pf ita , truth or error,
doe not deserve the utmost serious con.
Sideration of your honor bl hody-The
strongest Government have (buad it wsej,
aw4 -sometime -Beceiiwary," to cwfde
nrar,reveri trtlMf prjKfices of conidr 1
Mi' rf1ibn of their siinjecl especiall-hf
w-'ji preiufticel relslo in Matter winch
of the Southern f5(ates ar ik-t
gent in relation lo tkoir politic"! mccrna
believe will he admitted : of tlieir ar.
"I'l' brm nt tt tl.t Jrer Cuvuro.
ment and I nion, we think they have at
ways given freof and it ii in our power
io assure your liomirnhV livly that the op.
inion Is ih'oply ami indetiblv itnrrfsd no
on them, that the system 'in questiim i
urijfl4t,aml in violufior. of their most val
ablo cootitutiitfial tLlits. . , .
There are many who conscientiously
believe that tbe maiori: cmirjit randy, if
ever, to man ita mAic at lh inaianr
of a uiiuoijty i that, by doing o. it iMcri-
in es us riiiu and privileges, aixl trachea
the mmotily tlie lUnw-roai art of thwart
ing the ermrsn v( the dohilnnnt putty ,"by
resisting its'im asure. W shall at, in
this r i portion, enter iota ih theory of
woveriiineiit, ana tlie mod of it brma
tion ; nor ttltkll we Inquire, whether, injui
iulecnderit nation, the rule of majority is
founded on cohvention, or ih gn at law of
aatur but iermil us briefly to advert to
the history of our own federal ueveru.
iiv nl, and endeavor to shew, from ita very
naium, iuui niajoriiies ia our, naiiopal
cm.'u-ils oulil welt to weiqh the interest
ef mi'ioritien, aud frequently, ia the spirit
of compromise, to recede from their mea
sures, whea ronxulentd Iy th minorities
grmo and unjust. . "
Th Inderal Innon vu formed hy
btutr with (toverntnenl alreajy orgnni-.
cd and iu full operation ; awl, a by the
great luw'of nature wm vrcintjia(
isCMiitMluietTequnl to anotlier, acb hlate
wa of cqtiui weight in - th formation" if
our . confiMMrary. Do that our joiI
Government waa ix.t an emination from a
majority of fli pe ipIofili tTimeJ Plates',
but a creature of the tute themselvca.
n Ibe couetriKlion Tof th Goverement,
howevc tbe vurious interesta if th Un
km s'eu to ha be aell und-Ji siood.
nd in th fptrit of coninrouiise, each had
it du weight awigued to it - Uut- Fed
eral Govern nieiit, it will readily be conce
dud on all hands, was intended as a bond
f nuion, trnd a supervisor of those great
iiiterer t.v nationii in tksir eitaat and im-
Governmont. And, besidoa. there ia not
the same temptation to those odious com
binations and compromises 'among a fbw
of the gr inte-sjsts,' fr Ihe proef ration
of the raindt. ,-rBut ..tiirly .no argu
ment is ? rffed tn prove that the money
which is not requisite for the public exi
gencies, ought to be left in th pickets of
the people; for tkev, and they alone, have
a right to it, w ken not required for nces
sery ptblic-- ex(cjjdilumf-and,-bende,
each .tnoxinwe'rafiinniS
terests, and is dixpoaed to ntirsue them,
tetter than either .th Stat or Federal
Governments. r
There is not even any- preconcerted
plan of distribution which can remedy the
fearful evil consequent on the disposal of
redundant revenue. J here is no plan
which an prevent the alarming concen
tVutioa of power iu the Federal Govern
ment, and th dependence and prostration
nfthtrfltararfifrye
aireTo result from a surplus annual accu
miilatiun in the TreMurfTNollOjiSak
bt the evils of raising Urge 'mae of mo
nay by means who.- operation is not un
derstood bv ' the psoplo, and who,onse-
rfuently, would not be diposed to exer
cise th a t wa tc h fulness, oyer I he proceed
ings of the fe leral functionaries, in rela
tion to the financial concerns, which all
history and experience have proved to be
indispensable, both in the attainment and
preservation of liberty.. aWhen tbe mon
arch has called upon hi subjects for mo-
tiled hirt for
vert means, like a restrictive pelicy, could
Qi raw' itvp tjrftj'l ''IfiHiWiSn ill! iinnsilin Htm
bcb w - -a-oi ssj W" Sw saw wis mttXjl XI ffxilu I O
all ihe money which waa. required for
JllSHf lavisJh.frUmagnificieat expenditures
pei naps not on cwdwry in iurp rouk!
ever have , becn-tviilutto!iitd.'rhrjae
glorious ftrticgle,- which ar the theme
witeiiijent, if they are oiherwis vl
. . .1. i . ..... .
wig urrpiy a,of a in in uovernmwit, it
would seem that they rntifU. n f ,'
mora consideration. A disfiniruishrd Dril
is?l K.'atrsmee and wliiirl philoaopher r
murked with rspvf to tk peojil of th
i nea Amerlraii cohmie. that a free Gov
ernment, fir practical purpose, what
.! I . f . . " MM .... .
im- unua sucii. j iut Hie people
m ... ......... t:
wining Hf-
plea of human nalure v1d wkuIu cvi' tmd-'
lor.tko-inMlihility f ttmU iiyMurr u.
;Ad ttttf we nh nritla beunjerrtixsl is v1
impuimg vil inuive lo th ral nstr
of people pomjiotiug tltoae aectimal major. '
itwjs; when they ac' tfrcmgly, t!.y liay
lw perfectly li(.nf4anj:co4ioiiiHu, in ,
their csir i Ih-ir premdicei mar be hen.
lly, generated through h: iiLfluence ot .
II ni(uret. , 1 be greet m.ia ef maiikuI
is almost aJway UwU liowcLr srron-
m iu jodmn -may be, rtr however '
WKluid the luil'-rs ars who. cmilriUil t--- -
their miaguidsuL. Il J by bo offline ne- V "
c-iy tt.at w skmild imr-ute dnh'mritf ,
vu lb ifople lo maintain the argumout.'.
- la Oovemme.it, then, whose action U
fi'h thruUgli ii fid a "territory' as that iaf
ih Federal Governmeut, and which nnj
b mad lo oiwrule ii so many cinllit:tiii '
interesli. ami, consrH;intJv, UKnt undap
u many and CtHiMtaut tenijil -.lions topN
lial kigwlatioa. miroly it car.mil l ittpfO , ,
per I hot th nisjorily should be txcechng. i
ly caution in h prtien, and almulJ wnai
times consent lo a rej et d"il eds, when '
jsMiprM iy targ jid mpctlibli! fritrorU
ly u b aibvi-siv nf iu rights aud intsrV
Irl us look now a moment to nnr Tarl '
in, ikI aeewh'thf rJl Mj-wlolaioxl-ja te -
mm yUo nljclina which wabava);
described. "And w Ixdirv w may, t"
vtiihoul Car f coirttadicli., anert, f j,att
thore i scarcely one hingl arlu la in th
whol catalogue d protected cnaibifttlitia(.
which wisjld hv received or. ti cf u.a ain.
gly and unconnctdy W:Ui evry i then.
and why ia thia thcaef Becaoie every v
articl jrrotected, is a tax oil every aosiiiuii ,
f lb corrtniuiu'ty a4 autra'ged in it pro.
thiefion; -and tax which each section 'n
unwilling to bear, unless it can rcceiva ita
equivalent. : v f .
Th pbere of protection has. therefore. .
.ilS,IC4roiln.crcljf With vie of dd
ing strength to the party J snd the uX-1 I
improvement interest, lor Ihvsaittft ubelWt ,,
has beaa admitted' into th coaLtron aa
irttereM which h no nwturiiT allionc fori
or affinity try th' TariiT but the Itfoari
stoucht tothrk and haroionite, bui:
from the tircumnunce tf their corfimon'
depctxlaac o th Govemnut, and Ihn - -
... l...! . . . ' "
nrcrssiiy pi ineir, union 19 secure. majort
Iy"intherv4tionacctocil. r- 5 '. . 't' -A
ft
est of SiAte Hence, fom thv-vry ti
orv trf our GovHrunioot. so dioVrenl" fro:n
all other, the General doveratneut ahoulit
guard against oyer artUii;; und bojvare, u
much as poWbleofthuXkiiid of kgisla
lion which : lainpfirs, beyond -the limit ot
.. t. 1 "f. . 1.1
necsiijAiwytLnej4ri.ou
community, aometiines arrtying lh ou
against ffte olhert;.
r ... - .- . A ,u,-tF- .37. .'I
Fut say taoso who would PontonI Tr
the perseverance ef tlie majority in its
cours. the ailuirs tit the nation are aduiin
istersd by pincers chosen by th people.
nd responsible totaem, ann, consequent
, th majority will not W Ukly to err
r any length f time.l 0 hn we an
swer, that a liovernment censutated like
;iaiat
hen directed tosubjextabeariug upon th
local and conflicting interests of lb ceun
In reasoa isbvious, on the slight
est refliction. Koch a Uovrrmneiit, when
exercied over so great an extent of coun
try aa wrt csfl' saner b expected law
I V.! nm' N.i 1. . I a ! - .t .
i te'""." ""' """us'Tr ioiof nr ineni' in'c prejuoicej reisio in, mailer wrnrn rpposmon - io- inos" or.- hihiwiims; ran
tVkJ&ry I'!'' wouM acver hyiripprsed t " appertain to riebf and j when uch conllicting Inrterest . exist,
iai-;lhew tejjjrd r a4 ) 4axli and silwt -fuqs.; If the rapi. eiUartaiawg iUj rjrcJv hk aaA . !,; igHmkif Ui: i
Wilh Ine best Iniontioaa," therefore,' .'ill
Would ever have a fertil source of blunder
nd error in the 'constant and irremodia.
le ignorance of local intertsfs. But ih
Government would be likely to bo viciois
In it , legislation, evon if n understood
those interests, in consequent nf tb high
temptation which would ever be held out
to oj of those interests to conibin and
formef, Bind then to jwocBcff to the opp'res
mfn of tr.e mitionttT '"''' . tT,
lo Vtoportion to-thexrtcnt of coimtrr
1, g"nerl!y peakin the diversity and
f interests, there will te compromises Ind
combinations sroou aonni ot there,; troti.
tb impedimenta to action are overthrown;
and then to djubt, when thus forming a
majority,' that they will, le gorenie.d.jy
motivos of sectioned aggrandir,emeiit,would
be to doubt the operation of tlie most uni
veruil moiivs-spring to action implanted
ih the breaxt of inan, which,, however On
cefiain we iriny "sVipjiose it to bewhenTop
erating on indiriduids, neyr fails t exer
cine its influence on muiiitudes or comma
nilies. " Thus it is, that adlf-interdttt stimu
lates the majority to further Al i welfare,
y pflrtMJegialion,aUhe expena ,01 th
roiuority." , b, ::ix
Mirtn:attn
ire yerjr teady to cowcedi'lietiever they
Hava no' ininVdiare Jrwroliar inirest in
rnposition - to .thi8: of - BiiwiritMiSS hut
when such connicting inrterest r$i exist
asi-
..j.r.f...:
" -
-y
7
I.-
- t ,
v
.w
Now let , tit m rmrrint, esst a 'rbJnrw ' sv - '
at tbe various portiom of th Unin, wlwil) -. 'so
thia . compromts is going tn-ward.-v JVf, 't.t ( .
behold a extensive district if country 'f - "-v
stretching along Hi Atlanlic frcntier, froui i : 3 f "
l?jmf!irtil-:wirichnii lm toIliAColf.d'Mex.'
iwnts, fr?m then limited pherc, "mild jteo, w hotly exclu:'faiif''in tUcu:, J:--
not so well ltM WhiW lhlate incMoq auageiuaitiy oicuinait.,rwt l.iy er ., - " .
ITovernmiiiU ware, wisolyh-n, except in a Jstl, arid sdvatrfag off Midori, if Wit &r, T 'VV
w hsta.iiccs4 to manngthe IocaL.iite.r wpruu:to..ji produces.' t.4f,i -f-
tobaacOtirirAiiiid cotton, .tr.t tLp.aA By .
ration on th globa caa rear thom mfn t f '
ofler tail extuie eountr-"frotretroi ?' i
an indeiunily1 for 1'4si s "sutaiTiei W thj "
r
American System, wosul smt-m to ee aid.
ing in-ligelty to iujuryv' This is hlnfe '-i
UfJ? V" "p? k a'tbiyf".",.',
tax wiixiael by protection i il can take n y , -part
of the h-Mtnty.-. It bw a ib,vo V.j."rjr
WdiMtii wnollen,oin", he'ipp, ihd )r0'tUii "ir
mil, be., and gaina in not ie s ogto iem t ' ' .
Th laviab expenditure mt inrnal ira '
prove meat have scarcely i-ached iU '" P
. Again 1 tlrer ar the ravigating'nsT " v .. 1 J
lninM.iL:ni...n.i .r v . .
11. 1 vim. i..vi'..ur ,1111 ffiBia V MO.il A
ev:ry American may justly feel mound
I a a T .- l 1 s . .at
nica nave rjcnrreteij..tn ttustt rapit
, V.'
W
I. l.t. I, II . - . 1 fr
rtWIM IA U. lU'llHll 1HUI lfri.l.lltJ. I . ir. - 1 - - -f--: . r .
.1 .. . 'I I an tn aim nnI tUtm . ....
" 'V " -"MWW,, 1IIVII. .ULU WIT-M rfc
1. .LT. . .! ."t . . T
icniniauiiv iiia suie 01 lUinrs, luklOiSCOBjk
lent ana murmur sltoult irHW T that lk ti
Minority should b Indignant at tliis I rest w r
mentofa eoctional maioritv? Caft ant, .
liberal feemliaak?rawa7t "
ree ixii
.L... r...i 1.: .. .t . . ; .. " -j . . .
krsund-Hw l.eal interests thronghont r'r ,7 77 n- ""J?"7 ' T
nT.cieritly,well to logislato fut them. CZ-f v 7 ; ' " ' K ' ' ,
. niafl fKalVal aat sasksvtT.a r L : I aft - J" i
j awaa strviw aw su'kucg vcr fj fIH fU1 JWtxT
which fr$ think nwy wtflt im pretmiod lt
IIIO
f- arv
rinu eonsidsration' X the mVioritV.
wo -tif' thn tnoxtaalutiiry cheek which- '4
in be xert6d'on Oovtimmetita. are li 'ti 'L
respocaibilily of the Represertalive to his . . " 1
.rmt illl.nl I.J .11 .L . '.. .-l' '
vui.iiiiik'u, .i.u mm vuoinriron i nu inw , 1 i
- ll ' .1 " . ... i J
evu as wen as me good consequences 4 1
lilrt n..'. klW I. . . . 'I . .r . . h
.-1
i.
atci isa t.ie. cnntlictinglnteresiui of tk toia. .
inuni(Vr the first f theae diecks, ins'eai
bri-perating advsotageousir to thi minor r'
ity, may. b productive of the)', very vJ ' ;-
complained ifrartd lb sesond may. cease
l.lsjTl.-ll.'J.i.Jt!l'..i .
r nreleMitlveraBses" him IfTinSield him; -s-
stif uridor'th wM kanwrt iHhes if th -
coimtiliient - Th greater tbtoppressimx f
p mo minority, ine greater, tempomory" '
si lesat, the gajm of the majority f anj, v
dmisequfthtly through the inrallibl hHiura
o..eljf;-iat?ie.at. the greater the -ten ptatiog x'-- , .
t partial and' uahist b?frislation. And. J " -
thus, ytai baVa Uia law Missed-by tbe sev i
tional majority, upon whom it operate Tn r ,
vorablyi in fact,Uia4 morf4Vorl'v tk 1.
more nhjust it may be, and without, jrea,
aWitly onttmrir'.),' the. foic -iif ijaaavsia).', '
on whom it acts unfavorably i anf , wher) f. ; .
eompletilyexerciWlhaBrre ; "
wHt reap a Jhe advatvtac "-f .law, '..
wiaft4tlMa.iiQl tlB!hj!frt B iWya .
j It'iw Jkwk $ii ibVfMisaaa'ifrat iff m "