-. i' , . . . . t . ,.. , - . ' i y ... . . : . , .
.f
ThklLiilAn.nru:.t.-. - h a. . v Hymvw, navg no Tixictai tnon'iaiity wmch find
. I n wiiobi of kgiktio in especially wen in grafting kw on cortiieyee. , . . f , , i ;
1 1. iTTVTi wiae i .sustain ironi laws, wnicn Rnnr ri,t .. it...-.-i..-. t ... .i. . . - .-. ... - .
a nponta th heart of the titneo and which win be vaded with little remorse.
. t. v
V!
ItO)VAN CqtiNTt
. UUIUIUVUUIl 1 1
. 7v'-t WESTER CAROLINIAN is
Uiiktd once 4 vfc tf iiro rfoWaf per
51,,,,-t jf paid idthit three months or two
jl JLteontitued until allarrtritt, are
paid. V J&i(fVrrtion.
.rai'PJ? K ?. rtceivtsdfofiftst
than me gear. . - j; r "
"A failure to notif) the FAxtor of airm
b discontinue, one month before the. eipira
'frm '"'jre Iconndtred at a
Dot engagement.
Any perton procuring six eolrent tub
vribert to the Carolinian, thall have a
tejiertfrjwptr graft.
Advertisi ne t the nmiil ratw.
ill letters addressed M lr Editor mist
ft tiuirt naiJ or Anf wnll not ie attended
' -
ft. '
(ty Thew terms will bo strictly adher
CONGRESS.
l awssaje wa received frwm the Pre
ident of the United Statei, by A i. Urn
Iljoti, Esq. bin Secretary. It i M tA-
low :
fkitiUmen of Ae Senate,
and House of RfprestaUttiee$:
conclidsd.
Tlie period which cnttstitutee the dtte
timf ii which the terms proposed iu the
ddrei are to be accepted, would cem to
present acarculy'lew difficulty than 'the
tynn tbetnselv'ea. ThoHjh tho rerenue
la are already declared to be void in
South Carolina, at well as the bondiTiakon
under them, anJ the judiciaf proccedinjrs
tr carrying tlicm into effect, yet as t!ie
fill action and operation of the ordinance
ar to be auspended until h6 6rst of Fub
ruarv, the interval may be axsuiaed as the
tun t within which it is expected that the
legation, a system of long itaiuTinj;, and
tcUni great interest! in the community,
tbn rcucindod and abolished. If this
ba rqmred.it is cleaf that a compliance
. In tbencrUinty then, thai exists a to
tfte darati'oo of tho ordinance,' and of the
oactihenff for" ehforcioi ' ftr it becoinci
; $jpcnWtbe.duty.oLthEjecutive .of
the United Statos, actinr with proper
. ftgard. tv kl) the great interest oommitted'
to bis care", to treat tnote act at absolute
and wnltwitedi; .They are, an -far gs. his
tCwy-te cojieomed.- lie canant .euhet
eiftVteeerdeiid to the perforipance of the
twiitionti lie ...hii; already discharged
th wfypirt in his power, by the reeom
not'I ition in his annaal message. Tb
lest is with Congress and the people ; and,
- s.4,i 4tav acted, hit dutr wilt mjuire
kia tVLtok t f Uia atuting state of QiigA
-I 'Mierinem accorauij to his higii.'
Br Iheso.Tarious proofdiflffs. thrn.
Ion, 'iie Stat of South Carolina has forced
Uh General Government, unavoidably, to
Vila the new and dsnrerous alternative
w Mrmitting a State to obstruct the execu
Con ot the laws within tts limits, or seeing
attempt to execute a threat of with
arariin frem the Uninm That portion of
ine people at present exercising the au
j lhwity of the Stale, tolemnly nsaert. their
rgnt to am etthr, and as solemnlv an
a.Kj'ir;e their determination to do one or
- ft ether." -
la ray opinion, both purposes are to be
l(rhkd as revolutionary in their cliarao
tsr and tendency, and subversive of the
ipremacy of th lawi and of the iutejfrity
'he Union. The result of each is the
feme; sine a State in which, by an umr.
pnoaot power, tn constitutiouaj author
y of the Federal 0 overnmnnl is onmtlv
asfind, anJ set asido, wants wily the form
inuppsrwew 01 tne 1iikmi.
The right of th people of a singl State
Iff llJv thenvnlves; at wilVand without
Vt cunsenl of the other Slates, from their
solemn obligation, and hazard the
sprues and happiness of the millions com
"JJ! Untoo.-ramint bo acfawwrodg.
(Tucnautnonty is beJieverlo be ut-
,,-yy ryugnfrfl, bytMj that
hicb the General Government is eon.
"tinted, and Hh objecu which iL is ei-
r ""'J loroww attain. ;-. .. 4 if t.
.laiiwt all art which msrt aTteged
H ra u,c constitutional powerjH iuc
Ar sarhtnik mav arwvnarar.
- in
power of the sward.'' To no fnh'f
' ,tt!tctaniifl fJrVttnwd'wMa7s hk
v?
oaiwtemly. with the plijatioosW
n vjar Jioa j t norther cw such ap-
r' ; tjith.saJoiy ataor timwj
1 K Jiswii, wo convtituirmial.
9 rl-)a'r 1 ft tk.
ft
net-
' , '.' CM w yicki la
lo yield
a Mlnotia
iiai State, n, any other great portiw of
Jm jipnrtH-Kvr, n.l4Ving tried ail of
, -;iu, ulfilUT HM1T as 1 int'M
A., . ... ' 1.IA"II 1J, V M
(Coninittii,n its-Of has pre-cnb-id the mooW
. J Hfvlt'u the acknowledged attri
' Ma uf fret twtiruii'm, that, d i Jif tln
"I OntkiVntJIBM til Ihrtisi lUMPntinM. Ik I
their happiness tail be no otherwise secur
ed,, and when they caij do-ao witbotit grea-
tor wijury to owicrs, jicmdivb llit'inSQlVeS
from their obliiatioos to the Uovernincnl.
ud appoai to inn Jt rei t, eecus not, on
the Dieseut aeajtanHier'iletiied'-
V "TW.wiiiuiiico orfi)irriEhtThowev(r7
toust, depend ' upon the causes which may
justity its eerci.i It is ine ultima ratio
whicb prewpposv-s that tho proper appeals
to all other means of redress have been
made in good fuith, and which cair never
be richtfulty csortel "to unless it be una
voidable. It is not the right of the State,
but of the individual, and of all the nidi
viduul in the Sute It is the right of
maukind generally to secure' by all nwens
in their power, the tilemnnes of liberty and
happiness ; but when, f.ir these purposes,
any body ot men vw Voluntarilv associa
ted themselves under a peculiar form of
government, no portion of them can die.
solve the association without acknowledge
tug the correlative right id the remainder
to decide whether that dissolution can bs
permitted consistent with the general hap
piness. In this view, it is a right depen.
went upon the power to enforce iU - Such
a -rignt, though tt may be admitted to pro.
exist, and cannot be wholly surrendered,
is uecessarily subjected to limitations in
ail" fret goveruinents, and in compacts of
all kinds tretly auU Voluntarily entered
into, and m which tho interest and weU
taravf th iudividual beconie iduntifled
witbj those of the community of which be
is a uh.-mbor. In compacts between indi.
viduuU. bowever,deepHr they may aJfect
their relnlioits, these prmcipln are c
ki owlodged to create a sacred obligation ;
and in compacts' of civil government, in
volving the liberties aud happtitc4i( mil
lions of uiaukind, the obligation cannot be
less. '
Without adverting to the particular
theories to whictt the federal compact has
giveu rise butn as to its format wn and the
parties to it, aud without inquiring wheth
er, it be merely lederal, or social, or na.
uonai, H is euiticieui that it must be ad
luittod to be a ciupact, and to possess the
obligatioui incident to a compact ; 16 be
l a compact by which power is created on
tho. one haud, and. obedience exacted on
the' other : a compact fretdv. Wunfanlv.
tn$ sotemnfy entered itito by the iMvra
State, and ratified by the pooplo thereof.
T?4it-ciyeyo.?!!(lP: yfRicnrUie,";
several States, anaine. pc.iple thereof, re
spectively, ha-e bound taenwoJve lo each
othor fnd .to"il - 4l.;pniiimi4
and by vjhich the reUoral (j .vernnientu
pound totlic BeveraT3;ate aud IJt everv
ottiten nf-th Urtates.-Ttrthi oTjhtYJwpwv CoortT
pact, tn whatever modatt niay Jiivf bnim
done, the peoplwof uth Carolina baveirespoct asabuility. Notha the -State
freely and vohtutahlf -pren iheir assent
and to the wholo, aiid every part of it,
they are, uin every principle of good
(kubint ioiattly IkwihI. Utnter thts obli'
eatian hev are brmn l, and siestM be
qisimd lo contributw their portion of the
public stpeose, and to aubiaitloall laws
madfl by the commmi cotucnV in pufsu
anoe of the Constitution, for the romm n
defimcw and pwril welthre, tmtil thpv
can be changl in the nvxle which the
compact has provided fir the attainment
of those great ends of th ftovernwrnt and
of the Union. N'tlhin less than cause
which would justify revolutionary remedy,
can abwlv th people fnm this obliga
tion . and for nothing leas can tht Gov
ernment permit it to be done without vioU
tiuj its own o'oligations.by which, under the
CWptet, . it is bound to the oilier States,
and to every citizen of the United States.
Thtse deductions plainly 8 w from the
natur of the federal compact, which it
one of limitations, not only upon the pow.
era origindlly possesM'd by the parties
thereto, but also upon those conferred on
the Govern men t, and every department
thortjof. It will be freely conceded that,
by the priociiJo of our system, all power
fewwtad intbe4rtai.but to be exer.
cised in the mode, and subject 'io the
checks which the peo))n themselves have
prescribed. . These checks are . undoubt
edly, only different modifications of the
same great popular principle which lies at
the f. junjal'n laTof .'the wbio.bul trf-nol,
eo that aocouat, 14 b Its regarded or )ess
Upon th ni'iwef of Conrres, tht veto of
me executive ana ine lumoriiy oi tne ju
diciary, which if toeitiid t aj raws in
law and rnty, amon "under th Const t1
rolkMi and tliff1 LAW tf fW CiftJSratcrf
mad in mirs icice ihercof, are the obvi wi
chocks;. anJ thoxind actijn of public
opinuwi, With lh ultimate power of Ihiv!
rntnt ar the salutary ioiily limita-
tionrnpotf the powers wf fbo wliole.'
ILwevcr it nm be alleged that, a violar
tionofiha enm-t br the meiMnrtf orthe
lsvernme:it ca a;i'sc( the objigntioaf of
in ptrti,'irttqaw trenM preren ie
that ac yiolation 'can b preLcavIof
loose mcsyure until ll th 6oistitutiMa
rtmediet shall bar binTully 5 trid. Ifrime,aid !a evrv initn, :n1 tf f any
the Pc lerat (Jjveromjut einrtyii powers
nut wirr.itej by !! Cwifitution, and
imiwedialelv' aff jciini inlmlm!, il will
iarcely be deoiel that tk, yt'itr raJf
is i rtcMirsa tt the jj liCiary.. 3 rJi. un
loHStHy, is the rsio-! fr thjt whp
i) wn lher acU ton rs lyis? d jtjes
14 1 imid M I tr y'i fiii f tlieir a-ilW'V
........ irt . l .1.
ojieration of suclt laws it' up ni tail tajivid-
iiiip". fciii ,iT7Ai.;itaiKiiHr aQllCH
abdutery prolabi ted from bvint UniMata
wM'0-uwporiT;-wipnr
fltnnt af Conrev ' anrcj.nnciT boCne
party sumUi ilitm kaw vWthont impartrng
ia her own 'fiamey or wrongfullr iatorpov
in j her authority against them By thus
iaterposirig, iioreipWnnoln(bfu11y
obruct tho'' operation V'thtkwa opntf ju.
divitluals. for their disobedient to. or vi
olation of, theiaw, the ordnary remedies
inniugn iiie judicial tribunal would rt
main. And- in a ade where an indiyidu
al should be prosecuted for anv ollbnce a.
gainst the laws he could not act opjifrjus
tificatfon of his act, adaw iif the State,
which, being unconstitutional wtwld there,
fore be regarded aa null and void. The
law of a State cannot authorize the com
mission 0 crime against the United
Statos or any other act which, according
to uie supreme mw 01 the Union, would be
otherwise unlawful. And it is equally
clear, that, if there be any case in which
a State, as such, is alloc ted by the law bo
ynnd the scoiie of judicial power, the rem
edyonirlira
er 10 encct a Change in the representation.
or lo procure relief by an amendment of
the tonslitatjon, But tho measurea- of
the Qovernment art to bo recognized as
valid, ana, Conseqtueuttyl supreme; until
these remedial shall "have been effectually
tried f awd any attempt to -subvert" those
measures; or o render the laws subordin
ate to State authority, and, afterwards, to
resort -to QoMrtottona TtjdrW.ratae.
than evasiver Tt" would not be a proper
L resistance to. a government of unlimited
powers as has been sometimes pretend
ed, but unlawful opposition to the very lim
Itafionsn which the harmonious "action
of the Government and all its parts absol
uttly depends.. -South Carolina has- are
pealed to none of these remedies, but, in
effect, has defied them all. While threat.
eoing to separate from thr Union if any
attempt be made to enforce the revenue
law otberwtsa than thrttogh t civil f ri
bunals of the country, she has not only not
appealed in ber owu name to those' triltu.
Dais which the Constitution has "provided
for all cases in taw of equity, arising undor
the . Constitution and laws of that nitad
Statos, but basentieuvored to frustrate their
pwpeLaction on berjiifizuria by.jlrawing
the cognisance f taueaHuder the revenue
laws to her owftlribkaK- Sr
pared and fitted for the purpose J" enforc
ing tne act pa wj tythtatafe to obstruct
tlioee"lawa,;nd both the iuducs and iurbrs
of wlwc"wi!I bV "bound by tht- imirt
r T' -i r - r- V. T
tutMin ifid tawarof the Umted StatTtlri this
Jitide the proper appeal 'To pubr.c" miimon,
and to th? remedy of ameadment. . For,
without watting to learn whether the other
Mates wTtfmmtfnno- I effftf ehUohdrrif
triey, wm.MB8tnie or amend the Con
rtunpf to. soft horvitiwi, sbrli'idber
own -am Uohty alt pred the Mrtjwrt of 'that
inntruiuAiit, anl givti immediate eflect 10
the chango. la haa, alia baa tL ber. owa
eilt and atilhontrlibovr thelawsIThas
made herirarbitor in ber own cause, and
has passed at once oVe all intermediate
steps lo measure ol avowed resistance'
wbichfUiiTesfMyie remitted to; can b
wifiirced only by the sword. . r- ' , ;
la deeidin nnon the' course which s
high seneofduty to all tht people of the
United State imposts upon th authorities
of the Union in this emergency, it cannot
ot over-ionked tbat tlisre m no sulUcieul
cause C the acta of South Carofinl, or lor
her thus placing in joopardy the kappTmws
of 90 many million of people; Misrule
ami oppression, to warrant the disrupt i'I
of the free institution of iht Uui.A, aliould
bt great and lastine.defvinf all other rtnv
edy. . For causes of minor character, -tb
Qovernment could not submit to such a
catastrophe, witnoti a violation of Its moat
acrerl obligation lo tht other Statei oft
nr union, wno nav suonuttea fu Cur oaf
Tiny to Itlliaftda;-";; f , -Tr .-
. Tbre it, in, the pretent intan6."no suck
Letuso, eithel in the dngret of railrule or
Loppression eotupteinM of, or w the hnT
t lewnesrot redrets b ertKiTTliTI
J Tlit JiMij sanction tbej hav received wtn
ne prop"" amiiuriiieaanaimtntnf pvpTo,
not tef than tht unexampled growth and
increasing prospeniyvso mafly millions
orrreemsa, Mttot that no such oppret)nf
a'fwrwM justify 0? even palliate u6h a re.
son, cut ue jjiijy unputon either to ih
present pi.Kry or post nxjavurt of lb Fd-
eril liitvernmen,. TImi fame mode of fol
ioctiuf duties, and Kf ilia Mine roneral
g.jt?k wnjci trgia witXtbe G-w Wwaofj
the tjvfrii;ni"an.f which haj conducted
th MititrythrUH itj Mhss-jurut step to
its Dseut'e ivjabJ C.Jti4.tiva AsTktppoe
awl roowa, on boej chsned. Tax
atfui afil r?!re sentaticrtth. nt n,,a.
t'&J VilM fAmintm rev lutiou44uv
cotida'Mlly g n hand in h.oJ: aud tt all
t 1 a . !
aiU4 na Dei miisej wna il their par
tictpti'wi---nd,,lnia ia-iam-os',, which
have be-m crnplaineJ of, with ths etDress
aasprtf of a psrt f Ihe itpmsjcntatlvcs of
Ami. Carolina ia the pninedg of tt.s (lot.!
rV!K';tt. U? t ths orssent prio.l nm-ft-.H
liitlHirn rafi-.) b-ywtl lh"h(vsa.,
ry wi ti 01 'a; ridinr. 1 !1 t'i au: i r.z
a soon as the burthen of the Dublin debt
is removed, thoseth&rceJ with tlie admin.
I Wt rat iott have nromntl v rer.nmmftride.
vuiiiwiHMiiw reduction 01 revenue. . ... v
Thai Ibta systerrH rtut porid."nasre. '
ut oj sucnoppreasion upon Smith
Carol luft. needs n wher sroiiTlhan tlie
! solemn and official declaration 1 of Jhe, late
cniei Biajjwtrat of 4hat 5?Ue, ,in his ad,
uress 10 tne legislatures J la that he s.iys,
that the occurroncea (lit past, year,
laconnectionjwith our dohtestic.coticern
are to be reviewed with a sentiment of fer
ment gratitude bth great disposer of -bu-man
event j that tributes, of grateful tc
knowlegmcnt are duo for ihe tarion and
multiplied blessings he ha been pleased to
bostow en oar people tbat abundant bar
fekts in eyery.niiarterid the State have
crowned lhoexcrUon'of-ajricultuni la
bofj that health, almost beyond fornior,
precedent, haa blessud our ' fctimes ; and
that there is not less reason for thankful
uess in surveying our"ocial condifion.'. It
would indeed be difficult to iraagiue opprea-'
aoii where, in the jcial coudition of a poo-
al. . . a ' - .
PSl erif.ai5V,'Lc, of-thaukfuluets,
as tur anunilsnt ' harvests, snd nrmt ami
niutipliedblewngs wilb wbicb a kiud pro.
vidence-has bv'ored tbora. -.
Judopendeiitly of titest eonsiderations, it '
will not escape observation, that South
Carofma still, claim ta ba a component
part oTtlit Union T tbMrtrcioato in tlie
national -cooncils, and 16 aliare ia'the pub-
no ocnents, without cxmtnbuting to the
public, burthen-thus artii.g the dan
gorous snomnhr of contmurnginan iwioci-
alion without acknowledirinfl' anv other ob.
ligations 10 it laws than what dtfiwudsuo-
on her own will. 1
In this posture of affairs the dutv of the
Goversment soems to be plain. It incul
cates a recognition of that State as a mom-
ber of (be Union, and subject to its authori
ty ; a vindication of the just power of the
constitution ; the preservation of the inteo-
my ot ine union ana the execution ol :tic
laws By all constitutional means.
Thcor,tWohip
fkeviblige him to suppoJt, declare , tbat
tlie Executive "shall take rJre that the
fcttM befalthfvltj executed ? ami In ipro
ykfin that ho shair froinlime fo'tlme give
v ?Vnwl5., jr'nalton of tlie state of the
Unitjn. . and recomniendto thtlr contilJer
afion such measnrea aa ht shall judge ne
eemry and expedient, imposes the addH
Uufikl obligation, of recoramendtnir to Cou.
gress guch mora efficient provision (nr ei
ecuttng the taws; amaj fmOi time tu tiiwi
oe rninU rwiiimte. , y
The same inatrtnuent eonferw on Con
grew thr j.WOf b"iiererrio fiyandeiJ:
le lexer, rfocr,1pp(rudxchw
pay the debt and provide fir the common1
defence and general wallare j but u lo make
all 1a wa, TWhicb hafl bo" necossa ry and
proper for carrying into efjbct the forego
ing power, and aff tit her poweri rested by
tfn Cunstitutiot in the Uovtrmnentof tbt
Uniteiiftatevor' Iri aiy departinsDt oe of 1
Bcff thereof aud, also, tt provide fur CaJ-
Jiug firth tht militis forexerutinxtbe laws
ti the Union. ' la all case similar to the
proeaf, tbe- dutie of tbt Government bt-
come the measure of its powers ; and whet
ever it laiLitoexerciso a power necessary
and proper to tbt discharge of the duty
prescruwa by in ConstituiHSv, M HoUtes
tht publio trust not less than it would in
ttansce tiding it proper limit. Te refs ain,
thorcfur, from iha bigh-Mii aokinBtutiaw
thus enjoined, however ptiulul tlie perfor.
manct mar be, and thereby tacitly permit
the rightful authority of the Oorerumcot
to be contemned, and it kws obstructed
by a singl Stat, would neither comport
with its own taftty, nor tbt right uLthe
great body of lb American people.
(1 being thus shown ft be the duty of the
Executive ta execute tbt law, by all con
stitutiooal means, it remains to eouaiW
tht extefit of iboat already at hi disposal,
and whaf if nay b proper urther to pro.
vide. i:2'.-y.r .i : .r -----. r
In the jnst ructions of tot Secretary tf I
Carolina, tht proyisionsaod regulutroo
made by the act of 1 7 99, And also the fine.
penalties, and forfeiture for their entoro.
'nieiifTart particularly oVJailelaiJf if lain. 1
li, It may be well pprehmideJ, bwv.
affhai t'usse pr.viHWows aua peiWiaxk
(jualt to ruoeT sucTi aaj 0wa, powutfut, r
gaaiiced.oppsilioR a i to bo eoaiuunoed
after th lit of February next. 4 , .
, SubjcquouVy lo tb daU of thasa iiulruc.
tion, and tt tbt Iht ordinanct,
idf wmatioa has bono roceived,frotn sources
entitled to bt relied ta, that -owing to the
pooular excitement la (lit Sutu, and tb
C'fuct of the ordinance drclaring ,tli x
eutioa of tht fovebut laws unlawful,, t uf
fkieiit number of person in horaronfi
dVnio mc'ht be pU-od could not bs iodjc.
td io tactjittbT e;fe of mspectorf tt oji
), with any prob.ibi!ity of success, the
ibrco which will, n douU, "be uv 1 wbaa
an attempt i truil t rtmov vesseU and
thei cargje from ll e et jdy of the e!li
errs of tbt rttstoms, tai) fl'!eti,-lhtt t
would fie impractiral for the rollodur, with
th aid of ey nunbtr ttf insioctora whim
hi may bo au!h irisd tt smploy, ft prt
ssrvs to custody silbst suchso attempt.
' The removal rf the nutom house from
Chirlest ,n t.i l'i! Fincknyws deehu
ed m asur of necnr trecaution ! and
th u t t ani'iariiv toa-iv that irvitiot
ent tfiata "fimilar precaution cannot be
. -4 r - - - -
twWaMaSeaMfowb
niwerven, in regard jo me ports of Ueorge
tht present lawt. remain" a bort of entrv.
10 that (junrter. , V-. J ,
'Iu consi.lering th besl tnenn of tvia'd-
gor bf. pre venting-th apprehennVd ob
traction to the ctUlecllon.tf Hit revenue,,
hnd tbeconsemienees wliich mnyurvmo, it
would appelirjtd.Vprope and jncceiMtary
to enable tbe oflTiccrvol the custifh: to prt
serve tho custody of vessels and theig tar
8pr8,hich by the existing law they Ire
required ta take, until tho duties t. which
they art liable hall be paid or secured.
The mode by which it is co'ntemplutedjo
deprive Ihem of thaVcitttody it the procet
of replevin, and that of capias i teither
nam in, the tiaturt, of a distress from the
?tat tribunals prganieed by th ordinance,
, Agaidst.theproceedings in the nature, of a
distress, it is not perceived that the Colloc
tor can interpose any resistance wha'ttver 1
and against the process of replevin autho
rised by the law of th State, he, bavin
mmi kw flower,-ran'-otdy oppose
such uijiruiiire mm lie is oy RiaiUlt auU10
rised, and may find il practicable to tm
ploy; and these, from the infurmation al
ready adverted to, are shown lobe wholly
inadequate. '
Tlwrfspecl which that process deserve,
tnust the rufort le cousidered.
If the auttmritio of Ssutu Carolina had
not obstructed the legitinude action of the
court of tht Dftitsd States, or if tliey bad
permitted flit Stat triliunHls li adniiuister
the law according io their oath under the
Constitution and the regulation ot the kws
of tht Union, tht General GoverrrnjOTit
tiiight have been content to look -to them
for maintaining the custody, and lo encoun
ter the btlicr inconveuionces arising out. of
the recent proceedings. Even in that case,
however, the process of replevin from the
court of the State would be irregular aud
unauthorised. It tut been decided by the
the courts of tlie United Slates haveexclu.
iv jurisdiction of all seizures mad on
land or water, for a breach of tht laws of
the,. United Slate, and any intervention of
Mate authority, which, by taking the
thing seiaed out of the hands of the United
Stales officer, litight obstruct the exercise
of tlie jurisdiction, is unlawful j that in such
cose the court of the J7ntod State, having
cognizance of tht seizure, jnay tuforce a
riWIolivtrjT Ut thhig byt attachniflut pt
ctuijrjwmmafy process j mat jjbe qtwistton
unuur sucn a seizure, whether a forfeiture
hat been actually incurred, beTtrngs "exclil
sTvefy IS tht courts bf the UoiteJ 8ui,
amlttoVpendiir thfl fliral dWretTwbetuef
Iht teiturt ito be deemed rightful or tor
tutus ; and that mil until the teiturt be
finally judged wrongful aud without proba
ble cause by tht courts of Iht V. States.
can tht party proceed i ctmuion krjhr
damage in the state court. v " f'
k-. But, by making it 1 44 unlawful fir any of
tbt constituted autbtritiet, wbttber of the
United Statee or of tht Statej to enforce
the law for tnt payment of dutio, and
declaring that "alt ludiClaT roceoduig
wlsch shall be hereafter had in affirmance
of ihs contract uiado with purpoat to at
cure the dutiet imposed by the anid acts,
are, and shall bt held utterly null and void"
she bat in tffrct abrogated tht judicial
tribunal within ber limit ia thi respect,
bat virtually sksuad th United State ae
ccta to tbt court tslaUisfMid by their own
laws, , and declared it unlawful Cr tb
judge it diachargo tho duties which tbey
art sworn to perform. In lieu of tbste.
slit bat substituted those Slat tribunals
already adverted to, the j'tdges whereof
ait not merely fbrbiduaq to allow an an-
i. - ...
peai, or permit a copy 01 their record,
but art previously sworn to disregard tie
laws of tht Union, and eiuorta those only
of Soulb CaroliuA) and, tbu dnprtrtil of
luo (uacutej etseotiat it-tht judunaj char
acter, of inquiriug iuto th validity of th
law, and tht riilit of the matter, become
werery'mTma'e'r.iar
tbt Concerted obsUuctiOD tf. tht kw of
tht Union.
Noilher jha procaaa Oor- autbority of
tnesei viuiuai uiuaonuiiuioJ, sKbe
ryspected, consistently with (lie stinremafv
tf iht laws, or tht nghtf l"d tt'lity rf
tbt cittrcn. j II thej ba submitted to, tho
protection dut frooi the ,Gvram6nt fb
lUoflkera'autl titisen i wiibfieM, Vnd
lur is, at once, an end,' not tnly? to the
law, nut to Tne union itself. , :
.Againat aucb a forcu a the sheriff may,
and which, by tht replevin kw of Booth
Carolina it U hi duty to tserciat, it vcan-
not oo ttoectcd that a cix'lertor can tsrtain
bn'ctmotly witb the aid of the' Inspiclor.
Ia such case, it is true, if would It 'com
petent to Issue suits in the United Stales
Court against those en2a"e4 tri"Ui uo-
kfurproct)f dirig f or li property might
be seiced fir a violation of tbt rtvtnu
taw, not oumg tiMiiedm tnt proper
osjrts, tn order might bt made for ita rt.
dthvery, which wrvoid bteomiuitttd toll
Marshal for tiacution.'.But. in that caaa
tht 4th aoctioQ of lh act, in broad aod uo
quahnod term,, make tbt duty of the
Ueriff Mtt. prevent, aucb recapturtsor
ciaura,or to redeliver th good a th
cas may hn, " tvta under any. process,
order, or. dcrrp or other pretext, ewitra-
ry to ine true intent Ind meaning of the
duty of the sheriff to op(os'- tftr prt .r ot '
...... v . w lira Vlllltutoilirs,
int courts 01 the united . State, and fo
amiov tn
jrhole powtf of tht ountrywAnd ttrtf ttl ;
prewty-rwieTVitonfm-l
inaepemieiitiy of Its provnwrn, bt could . ;
hayt used-' a this reservation it obviou- 1
ty ontetrip1ates "a ,rc6rt lo other, mrf hiP, T
than those particularly meiititmed , .
4t 1 not to be disguised, that the powejf
Melt it ia thus enjoined upon th sheruT i
to empjoy, is nothing less than the poesa
eomitatas, r in til tht rigor iX tlw"aiicint
commjin law. Thi power, thimgh it may '
be. used against unlawful resistance to Jn-"-"-"
dicial process, -is in it character forcible,
ant) analogous to that 4 ouferred. up.Hhf -Marshals
by,thactof 1793. It is," in
fact, tbt embodying of the wbela mtus ei
the population, tindor ht command of ; -single
individual, to tcoompligh by fheif
forcible aid wbaj, could not lie effected
pnacably and by the ordinary means. ' It '
may properly be said to be a . ralick of
those age in which tht laws could only bt' ',
Shcritrs of Liighmd, to enable them to j .
fend iheir county against any of the kingV
nemie wb'ta fhey enme into tbe kwl, f -well
as for the purpoao of txecuting pro
cess. Ia early and ! civilized time, it ;
aa inUitdcd ta kcludo. Jh id and H
tendanrt vt'-sXt khiflil InJ other wh
were bound to have harnras." , It incSt.lei
the right of going with arm and military
'r'Wd Ombrace larger cms
and greater masses of population than can.
be cotnpolN by the kw of most ol tht
Htate to perform military duty. If ths
principles of the common law are recog
ntjed lilouth Caroliwi, (hqnrrort tbifl
act it would eem they art,) the power pt '
summoning ths possa eomitatu will oom-.-- -pel,
under the penalty of fin and imprion
ment, tvery man over tht age of fiftetn,
and able to travel, tt turn out, at tht call ;
of tbt Sheriff, and with such weapon tj v
may. .Whisaeaaaart mAmfjtjf?
beating, and tven killing, aucb as may rt
sist. Tht use of tht pots emitatut i
tUmfurt, a dirocl applicti,m of furctv- -and
cannot be otherwisw regarded than as "
th employment of tht whol tnilitja fbrct '
of the country, and in aa equally afBoknt
form, under 1 diffbrent name, - !)fo jir- 1
ewding whicb-reaorta fo fbi ppwr.to 'thj
MtenteanlemplsH by iht. act, iaia b)-,V-properly
denominatsd peaceable. . '
,TlitaidM.-uUtb-,Crolinj kewryef, 61 -doei
U6t fWaltt)gtber nponhi f .rciblai' . '
romoay-1rorsvsaauempiioi rssist e. - r. 4
diobnjr-t bough by, only 1 tht -Hitiiry 4 - ) t
tftctrt of the custornst-Mh nroc 1 . 'J '
pltvin, tEi oolloctor and alf concerned" afeLj: 31! 1 "
sutuaelsJ ta it urllisr'Bnteee.tlii In A
i . r..--...A, ... Kw
nature ol t dktrnu of ibtir psrtoaal effWt '
and are, moreover, made guilty of a misde .
uieaoor, man iiauic ia. b punun-- try
nut ti not ies ttiao on ; thoiuand, of
mort laaa, nya looutaM - uuuart. . l Uu
mprunnmenU no txcetdiflg two yert.
and bbt . lea than '.U mouths I aod fur'.
even atttmuting to extent tht orW of -
he court fr retakuig tba property. tba
marslial, ay all assUting, would be gnihy t '
a uiuMkmeajxw, and liable to a Rue, of not
less than thrtt thousand dollars, nor uiort ' ' v
than tea tbousand, aod to imisoameht, - (
not xcetding two year, nor less than oner " ' .
and in cast the good should bs rtukaa 1
under such process, it i male lb abto.
alt duty of th !ierifr to rtakethem.T f '
It i not to bs sut.posed that, in th act .
of that ptoaltie, aided bf tht p6w-rAil
fore of the country, wliich would douU.
lasa bt bftmglil lo sustain th State offi "
era, eithsr that tht collector would rt
lain tbt custody in tbt first iostanen, or
that tat marshal could tummoa wificmil
aid to retail. tbt property, pursuant V tb) J
order, or other prtoeta of th court.
Il Is, moreover, w obvious that id t aiaT
conflict between tht'powtr of the oflMert
oTtht Umted Slate and of tht State (unw
1 Ae--i.-. a. a -
es mt inner on passively submiilca to
tkA Attmi fivlifiri Ia I. j. W lit a m - ... .J
ITT "'",i"'V" ' " "ivy . in. vniiniriT.U : .a i
the oilictra of th custom would be expo. - J
wu, hi tuiiuuiwuu , ih acilMl VMUIIC
and lh loss of livtav avould bt see ret! r i
avoHiaeto. ""
;-l:oder tbeat eii cuius? aurei, tod tbfpra
til-,
liea.bli tyeo tarouva tnt ordinary judicial
tribunal of.t.h United Sfat.-, TVrt
a. i, i .ri it v Km r- -,,r....i.:... . .. j
Urn iijvportur,itv pt actutt pljiirnp ttwHi ;4
thai aViTaaaral fS .m ftaalrtaJ laifnai A .f 1 1.. ' "
Stale, lt Uiecollcf;tionpfthreveut woiU f
bt more eiketually tcard if Meed it' ' j.'
can be oon ia any other way by plarnnar J t f "
the custom hnuse.beyonil h 1 iuiiuedisit)
powrol in county vj i'
..Forth) rurps it,, auighl ba proper t ' t
providt Uial. aheoevf ly. ant nnUwful'j!,
tt any port, it should kHJouisfviipractica. (" t f.
bit, laitbfully to collect .tbd dufie,- tht a ' V I
Prtsidentoftkt Uuiiod , Put ihoul l br ', ' f
authorised It, altar and abolish aucb of tht." K
district and porta of entry as kbould bsf ; r-."t"
oecttry,. and to tvtabliab 'the custom
kouot at aom aecurt plact within aoass-. .
pan or fearbnr of such Hut aud in sue It
(ase It ahould ba, tht duty oflht trdlecW
or lo reside at iuch plaoe, and to detail
til vessel and rnra nntd tht dntie
Imposed by law lliouUI.b prAperly secured
or paid m crh, deductio; bitreal t that
r - . .
il
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