ill
Z77
t ,
1
I ( r
9
- ' V
i
,l,.!l atlamnt to do
twfi, ttwn
--ijvn shall be "li binding
-w,ti,oul lha wuUce,ont nw'i'"
njy of tbra Mrt
....' vaa tna unaruinoti "
t poUa," duly takml by M1'
lfnr 3 ) dy "'r ihe adjournment of
tha Convention." Where, d '
' .. ara u-4 left iih.( tl ! of tipnew.
. ' fi iuJ a " ""'"
, ' their government were formed,
l.mil were th furm-di", it hM not wxn
.tam-wi, with the mP" 11 w
. m(m. WWo tin Federal towtitu-
tins . prped to tin people of the
' State f'r their acei-pianc. "
.itl limited Contrition t thea Con
. toniinni ki t iw jwr todo tiwra thin-in
fteept of rrjtfi the M
Copt) ted i unlM n " in c" "
igialaiures reeommeitded th-U tbey might
rierctae certain other wr pra-er, and
tho people riW tt.
JV JVevwboaeeonatitutioo wa like
. oir etUnt a t the mod of reforming it,
had experienced the aem imJotiveuiewei
(rot ber representation that ara no f It
la North Carolina, a wrjj a other incon-
enierice, from doubt entertained on an
ulir article of her Constitution. The
igilatur recomroendd and lb w pic
approved tha calling of a eonvcution in
iWl to remedy tbee evile, Uit the co-
tt.i'Mku limitfj to thewi power inl
dutiWf- Wbeifthe peopl of ririn Hovcrctgntya ewer vlii Ii1iiuU all oin
i called a eonvewion to revias their ton- era, yet i rtrn-led by no olb-r, and
aiitiMien, il wa hmL'rd to the duly of Ixmih I by miformi, inn-a ridaoiewhere.
fraoting the anteodnKaia tley deemed In tliia cwini ry, il i l.-lej tyiili mj-f-tJtenl
or preparing a new' eonmilulion, ttyofth I'toJf. No ol.iciioua oinlti
o the oieventH rejrart'vd it and an they
Icled. The eenelrttiiion i f JVf tUmp-
. Shift fruviilM lhat M'it'yiol. Jfl'ajf.. be
failed every levoo year lo amend it but
lKjera ol fhi eiveniinn are ttprrm-
p Umi4by fwMilat ialtonilMMM
"ahull be ald until they a r-laid befr
Vlhtfpeopta and TeftjW hiflthtm; Tie
foyte iAutorgia lime tlicU'l Q;tegalev
In e coovemwn, wnicii i fimnfa 10 pi:t
' C otitiee ami laorieredlo m orgamaod
' , If dmmtatenng an oalh to tha memben,
tfet tUcy WU uoC auampl lo ttuuw ttus
bim!anea pieacnbed for them., a our
frn State wo have had two limi,'tj con
eioainTin0, tuadoeIoc4iid!rof
the Federal Conalitulion and perilianently
, g , to locale Jbe 8rat of tiovernment theolh
er w recon"j'-r in rcoerai vhihuiuxi
- . and to give fayettevilla the right (.1 eljsct.
will not purmte H wriher. N
' avill dumand further proof thai
' . buf with both Ihe theorv and
our goternmant tbal the Peopla mai Urn.
.. ... . -,. h a ronrciHicm o apecra: unjQi-iiu( coo
fidwratiun, amj wbetbar p.ejr.jriU'a1a Jm w
he nrnnerfv adooted. WIm mutt mi4 .tae
VwaJ Auemllf anrraiif lo tit '-leepf;
... ttrini iprcijic amemimrntt Jof their a-
doprion f Ilihe'Legialiiturfl may recom"
jptend aTCoovenliod to male aiiiendinenl
or to accept or, rejecj ijcifij amend,
pent, and the people by ratifying awh
rrinerHlaiion can cauae lb .coavea
toa to be aaeembled for ihe parpueea that
. tre dVignaied, l i diflunlt . la .Conceive
,'.;::.lrh1t the people may Sot ftitr .dinfctlf '-
. en amendment propqaed to them bv ihe
- jegTltare. It ie impnaaibl Kr maintam
contrary pneilNHi until It can bo ahown
that the People dented power and do nvt
fonfrr h on Otmfarfiriniuntil it can bt
trived" thai lha creature ia greater than
c Wafor or lhat " lha aeNanf it ibove
hiamatr." The path of troth i here
l pointed out by experience and practice,
It ia a mialake if we auupoaw Ibal the prin
tipleaf thia reCommendalion ia without
precedent. The cooatitution of Connecti-
tut praacribea thia very mode of making
tlterationf in that ioatrament. ' The State
.r ii .i.... :. .c..i . c i I
7 a r Ti- ZT . .
tonnrma it bv her own charter. v ii Ui ilvn
Ri.iMnr.S'i),irw;, lnr.,uA
Dcldttart reCOfftllXu the aama rmhi in .iiIl.
ataaco by allowing chanirea to bo made in
their Conalitutioo by the vote of two tuc I
Ceaaive legialaturea the amcudiaunU bemv
publiahed and an election by the ptople
having intervened.
Thua it jadewmstrated that, fliia plan
Ctramendinir the Conaiiiution i. m! Iit.i
to anv obiocfion on nrinAnl, an-
-- -TV auoauuw wn w riaKw rjc eonaioVratioo ot the pej'ie, wnetivar rnia
"rryy ,taTSSU oTallering th Corwnnion jmttiev( thtTiWWefcif.iTa1
'L 1 (hat rareeommenJed by tho report of a prijjj".' .both! VVhjflier
:.u:illTLrjT.Coitimitt lo ir laat fiesllaturoji may thoao wlio desire k-furm wJl not ooir Je-,
Cnnafitnnnniaaileni imK. m,l- rJand the ordinance pawed in the year 1789,
toing amendment to it, the People are
free to adopt any .course which ia consi.
lent with the nrineinlea nf nnmiU. ,it- I
" ' p- wa 5
arqinent and the practice of thfl Amnhf art
Btajea.. I ft hi mtnlo. of reform ia jironer J
jn itself, there are some views ot ita expe-
irtney which give it peculiar cUims on
our coiniideratejii. Mueh difficulty will be
axperienced in determining afler what
manner and upon what baaia the People
ahould be rrpreeenied in a Contention cal-
fed for the reform of an existing const it u-
tuiinn, and it ia not unworthy of ourjiotice
that whilst this would cost nothing, a-Con
aawwtW cmte,'im6''cli
any real tear of a Cmpmnwi ought' not
toohnet totbia plan, upon tho wrmuid of
' . ai . i ,. 1
expediency as they will he thi shielded
atrfftmng
twijority and even lhat will bo reatricled separately, may be equal, as near as may
toait aye or an upon wha'ever the ruling bo lo the fortieth part of the ultite popula
imnrty ahall consent to put (itrtb for pub- tion or taxation of the State separately,
, ',c ancrion. The right of the minority and each of such districts, shall be entitled
XriH be protocted against encroach raeiH by ta ona member in the Senate, and to two
, the over balancing power Ihey have in the members fri the II ww ot Commons, but in
LogislstuTe, that nreparas tha aroed nenta caso any auch dialects ahall contain more'
fr to bo auhmitteil and the right of a roaj iri- than oua county, then -each of suchjcoiin
ty are oafa in their an kamU- because 'iea shall be entitled tooae uaemberia the
, tbey w)ir not approva o ameiMlments by
hich tbey will b made worse off then
Ihey are now. WhaMhea are the ohjec I
oons vra igw f Mil,(g;
:v :'ii
a.-.'.r. -m: r.- -..i-w-antfniltti'irj.a(!f'wi
netvel in prarlire and principle aiJ tar tw
aty m tt xrnttofhHe rie
alrely that it la not novel in pntriifl nor
la it without ptwadetit in prarlica in
experience of&U yaar might convince u
that it ia not so aay ol rcmi.m j ir wr
ConMituttiin waa rahM in 1776 and Imk
n4 been anv-ivM w Htf. li".
it ia propound U quiet all aucb Iran ly tha
articU bn h precnhea a mxJe for hitora
aineodiwxila. It ia aaid however that the
right of tU Teupla cunteulud tr ly Jhi
ryowniwlatim f il, f Mwldir.'L jhf aa.
w7nption that alfwera bni wi'lh eqmj po.
litical powera" and that it, Mad t the
monatrwa e'flui"fl that, I majortty mar
impa upon tl miiHinty what govern
ment they flenM j lhal they may ahollah
the representative re puUiean inliluliti
of h eomrt rj t4 fartipou r rum the
nvt intolerable doapotiam." But lhee
object ion pant a awitencc of CiWHieinna
lion ujnai tha Jbtlaraiion of liylrpmtmcr
and the priwipjeeof the twituMn IL-vol-ulion
j and when wa deny tht right of the
wjoritv of tin- people to rem'nH tlrir gn.
vernnmut.it (Jlothe inik h nww'mm-
wrwui concliMion' I hut a majority, that
one mart mnv perpetuate the " moet intol.
erableyirtMii olty rami v" over the rihU
ot ih mniorttv. mev Mri all lU liwr
tpftlw iroerninent and leave lUe. iMi inly
willi im nulila lU l' unuire the virtiwa vf
tmne and uet anhjnrla.'
n f.il to repmUle a pm
I !im p'opin ran
lie i pie o oppoti
I ii-.ii ilw'. le.J ih to Mfli ronxclanona.
llin vole of the e"-
pie, for it i n the poer lli) Awembly
i. pnArfiU (Imj motrt jnH ami convenient
r.rjo.j of I lie J r rv
Fellow ('int-Mit o ..rlb Cerolmi? In
, finr i;ioreie of a rih Hint i common
wrall freemen in a fret Itote, and m the
r,-uliMi ofe tnH, whrch wa coiirth'd In
ua'hy a importable body rH lha people and
I ttyr. repreewnUhve we hex Uul beliya
- yru, thacoinplniiili wlnrbar iiiaimaainM
hfy, Conli'uMon the .laie, with the
j grouudf of them, and n fhr a the limit
nklreM like (hi wniH -rwr ml, are
havo alao, con4idered of ihonn 'plain and
practical remedies, which are aanrrloried
by ihe principle! of our government, and
,av0 been confirmed bv ibe uraclire of f lie
- 1 people in other State. We have endrav.
on'O toilo thu, not only witn manly, plain
Ineae of aneech, but with a aire reanl for
create or preeervo" thrm..' ThesPopii of
North Carolina, ouglir W neaiif inioennc,
M ibeY tr ia interval. jAVe puHt' to Ibe
I autiuf il. and whefhffrthoee who think I heir
famn'n&U'u wrKw-oiwiti"W
sincerely believe, that tjjeapeedy. aettle.
nient of iheae queation, involve the de.
linie of iho 5lnle j Itilit it witt ntrre hr
uwwy where there U dia&ird; lhal It will
le the mean id dcvidopingthe internal re-
aourcef (He Hiele, wMttpvtHJE. rMOUraf
to additional taViifil(i ; that it will ecano-
unio tlhe goycrnment, eo . ta bring jt
annaea tmlow ihe arufar nriiinary rev-
jvnuoa, that it will dontroy the diviaion of
Unit "d HVaf; amt te?ne-fwf Rne-
laeutative from the atrifcaof aerlional par
Ity jhal it will aliuiulute thenrto hifier
anf morepromiaingjertiris, ftir icviring
Ihe hopes and ndvanciiig ihe proerity
'aiiJ Honor of the Stale.--"
W. II. HAYWOOD, Ja
.R. M. PpllSOV,
K. M. S(1N'1)KR3,
o
4
1 THOMAS DEWS, Jh
June lit, 1833.
AMB.NO'IFSTS
W Commm of the -State of Sank
-'
Carolina,
tioi t.
So -twueh of the wond eecties of tho
Conntitutihn, as provide that one inembcr
f the Senate mIihII be chosen from each
county ; and ao much of th third section,
Hh pwvhleathat two mombera of lhe4Ioue
of C'nmmnna . ahall be chwen from each
county ; and ao much of the third aection
provido for the eloclion of borough,
me"ue'"!. " hroby mod vuid and of no
etfcct.
.The General Aaaembly shall at its next
session and every tun years thereafter, lay
otT the State iuto forty districts in Ihe mnn-
ner follov, rig otfer.y county, the white
population and taxation of which added lo.
gother.asoqiiul to the dWrioth pari of the
while' population and taxation of the State
added together ,' Wand every county, tho
white population or taxation of whibh aa-
parately is equal jto tho fortieth part of the
the other dutrjcts shall bo so formed, lhat
the white populated and taxation of the
State, addod togoriieri or that the whits.
such" "district
House of Commons.'
, v Abticls m. .
a,uch'of the cdnstitjt'ion as anfitlea
ttarfwa of colour W vgta to tne,ui)ra
yaaw.a ..'at,Uli L-'. -1 ,."'.-, . -
Wrslorn
mmmmm M i "
i.
ot the Henale, andof the ll aie ot t-otn-
tuona, i hereby m! void aodof no ctTt
AaTtrit lr
AH oITitm', aitept th governor, who
are unlnr the i;iHiiimintn, rircieq ny m"
LeguUlure amnlly or tn annually, aholl
hereafAer be rbirfej" biennially, and the
Iegi!alure (hall njeef biennially i but the
(Jovrnor may call film aeamona ui the
iulerim, if the iniercat of tha Stale ahall
require it,
AariCLi t, ,
- 8n much of th"rfto''",'rto"-eTfnw of the
conatiiutimt, a prviiht that tbefjovernor
ahall he elected annually by joint ball.rf ol
both llimwa of the Lcj(ilature hereby
made void and of no effort, and hm-aftr
the Oovernor ahall le elwtfd for the term
of I wo veara bv ihe free wlilfe Cilin of
the h'tali wlm'ae qualilVd In vole fir
membra (f Ihrfllou'tcof Coinmuoa, but n
(erwin ahall be eligible to tho Orfo e ol
(iovernor lor more ihan two term iu uc
ci:uion AlTiria ri.
The fiairteenlh anrthw of the ConlilU.
tinn it hereby miwle void ami of no eljirt,
uml '.on-nfW ibe liial iture ahull fitiioon
the manner in wtii:b tlie general and nld
.AVer of the Miti'ia and pfll'-er 'of J"e
regular Army khall lie appointed.
AartrLE vti.
8i murh of ilie ihiriy aovoad of tlecon
atitiili'iu at proviib' lhal no perauii wlio
ahall d'-nv Hie Irulli f Ihe I'roleiloiil reli
gion, ulntll let capable of holding iif ulTx c
or place of liut or profit in ihe eivil d
Nirlinenl within thia State, ia hereby made
void and of no eff rt.
AiTiriE viii.
Xo pnrt of the Conalilulion ahall heje
afler b" ann-ixli'd but in the manner fol
lowjiijr; Any aineuduicnt ma) bcprupow.d
in the Hitnute or llouae of C'ommm ; and
if ircti rmTufment he agrwM to by two- h
third of cm h II i, it aliMI Ixj entered
on their Xuirrula, j1 be puWfhed for
three mouth pruviiai o tho eWtioit of
imoine-m 01 io unerm fl"nmi ,
... i r il . I' 1 ai i.r j
1. J. ... ..L.IIL.a.u..l Inliu MI..
Aaeeml.ly, then it shall be 4b defy of Ihe
Oeeeral Aaaemhty to enhniit uh propneed
ainerNlinent tothe nonplw, and il J raajort
ly of therve while 4aHjBflTu.ilifiitil lo
vote for nvirnber of th'ff HouW of Com
iimki ahall role for aor n aiponliutmti tlieii
aur.h aincndimiiit ahall bccoine' a. part of
the lonalution,, '
AanotE ixi
The furegviog article ahall Comji part
nv. rw rt o'rlrc rnfvar uiMT-riAM
H V l- Atf 'i'i -nuV
.. .V . .. . 1. , a f f fn
Hjouiie power e m
arftrd md
forty
atdriT . 5. "'j2'.
nuwnnTna f7 ner.nirrf auiu; r) IIMM
BrU6TlhiiaThWth8lo
m,H aiinMiu ii"! mi.iii im biu iu j .w; j wct aiM fenoy lo burat on llic Uololliea,
thiJa. ut each. ll'JUJd fitlhC icit GminjllfiUv rm.-rnt the nVrfewrrfT--theT nWf.
refer in-yvuf .paper of thn SQth alt. 1.1 amiu ty.lXlriiiCmmUut
reimceiMo twf that yon. trunk it damandifv,Mff'' ? Wc-
conaidoraliow flfwava. linear vou thoovrhr Mt - did
Hhaf if laid tha foUndntiort oTalrour In.-mtunato aucteiia-of"!
atitntuai potftical anaothaOha will
of the innjoritv roust fdvcm a Suia. And
I ahould havo'lx-en grieved if tho old Rv
publican lleuialer ol tha Slate hud been
ihdiieed to mieation this Vjreiit "right of the
ponplo, . The i.fridnda .of fti forn ia our
Vmntihttion -have vmhv be-nwiirt the ri-rhr
end, and lftio TiKiple want to change the
Stale Conslilulion, for me I spy aaigbt
lo be done. 4 believr a ranjorily do will
ilj, and aa one of that, hopcjmu vgll gjyq
me a 8mro pT.ce"iii"yiHir pnK'r to rr.
iVcc" my reinoim. Though tnev may lie
plainly written, I. perauade myaolf they
are too j;"'! lo stand in neoJ of incrctrrcjous
ornnmenls to give thorn consideration
among lionesi people, i ney pre lop many
to bring into one oiwa, nm! f,wiil there
ftire aend ihein to you in a scries. "
Tlie -peofchVaf Norlli ('anduia wKii- are
counted against this'nii'asuro of reform, are
norjnjormcd'of the iiijustice that is jnfic-
tod on the majority they- do not know
Thow ruinous to tho whole Slate our pro
-nv avsteirt is. I aay if with an proper
restei:l Cr them aiid for their representa
tive, but ills' truo. So man cari deny that
the peoplo arc ignerniil of this great uh.
jr-ct. Tlw press has been too 'silent 'lor
years. I nose r..inors wno nave uern op
posed to a change in the Constituroa hhve
not ventured to debate tho matter. The
lieoplo want lisht, and all whoso Ici-nire
Will permit, aisl whoso opportniuties cna
ble them to furnish it; are bouud'id give
Lmeasurus no man can fail ly censure, and
io our country it never fail' to give success
to the came of truth and J:istic More
over, it prevent that which is alont dan
gcroas in a free Sta!e, a stubborn refusal
to do right to a mijorily until men indulge
no hope of redress from the welj regalated
rood senso and judgment of other, and re
sort lo their own passions for cotiasel in
their coiirso. Does any feel a perfect con.
fiifeoco in -the capacity of the people for
self g-MCtuineuL, and yet halt are idle fours
intrusting men with their own aifiirs f
His fears belie his professions if Ins fears
tavMnqssei hi c oifivercois nrei Jed,
.ro tno ptopte ot every aiaie in nw unmn
fittojie trusted with their osvn Govern
ment, excepting North Carolina? Were
the of Constitutions of the other States of
the Confederacy all iiiijwrlbct, and yl
that of North Carolina too pure to bo
trusted "for whom" it was made too
sacred to be touchej by the sacrilegious
hand of a free people, and too perfect to
require at this day such reformation as
Nhall rmffl it consistent with the plainest
equity 1 I'orhaps a little inigh into its
history aiid the act of our fathura, may re-
movo these. aa-uulcSi aod cleatf omife.;
Cnrolininn.
volion almve the inatrnmenl il-lf to Ihe
6rit principle d fiifly II l" 'ul,:,',
Aroul 1771, the tinvamor f 'hi coin,
ny, ab.rm.-d by the apint of iud. p-n.tiice
winch maiuf'jaied itwlf among the rai;',
r ft hi pwlare, ind amiglit rrtrral Hi I
Brilnh man of war lbe anchored on our
cotiat. lie took earn before hi flight to
diaw.lva Ihe Colonial Aa-mldy, and fh"
IVpl nl yet aeperaled from the mother
eouulry, alill lat bjnd in unii with liar
atill attached to the British Count HuIkmi,
(Mind tbcmjd: without I lritimtte body
I j. a .1 .
id e to elect another Aurmbi) lor ine
aume Dower which diolvad the firmer,
had tbn right to " nullify" their eaeeea
oK Wh. ruf re, the FttthoUUrt, el pun
he gathering in iho varioua comiltea,
ulrcled Jhmliri, (each tounhj chooailitf
n many aa it pka-d,) ami lli.-ae deputiea
aaaembie al ftewlmrn, and call Ibeniaelvea
m " Congrtu of Drpul'ui. Under tliia
new iuiiic, Ihey (h fii'd tint power of Hie
(iovernor, and a,fler ikclnring tlie mea
ore of iho ISriich tiovtrniiM iit, onprca
aive and intolerable, and yel profeaung an
r.l.Mit (!! Iiinciit to ihe kirur. Unit b-nly
i adiourwii. llieir dulie had beon dia
ijur'-d, and lliey returned tollK'ir Iiouh;.
! In 1775, the emm of America gained new
nleret, the arm of tht liriiuh milion
were I y rued aguiuat llic colonic .North
Carolina received no new tJoveruor from
the Kini and (he old one wa alill afraid
lo I nit hi pn-cioy peraon among audi a
Croc iH-oph. Jlo wua aaaurad thai tlicre
wa d.inrr ; but ho could not cmfiile iu
tbi atKurunre, andconliiiaed only ia rcu h
of lua cuhnij', aiid apcut Ina nine and In
master a moiMty in ixirclittauig and UMaein
miiing Tttrs IHml'ki Tim fniholdtrt
aiui cleclod 1 jiulica' Irom llifi at'verul
towijtri Ut legmlule for them each on
aeni tkftt prou.bly -in eouiplituic wiiU
their habit under the cobMiial goveruinent
in electing tlirt Ainl!v, aiid aunJry Bo'
riif;li who hud aout delegate lo. the Brit-
lh Aatwubly elocloJ-DMch-oiteijiouiljer
lo Congreaa. Thia " Conxrtn" bkscio
.a.aaa
i (jirji a m. tinrtinr the c ouil ot wnr wa
I.,' r . . ' . . .. ?. .
ouied rniu paper to couitlvrant the tiny-
errrof'a mochirialivn Ihcy proudly n;fus
eu to accept my, OuMuaututliiMia he aenl,
but ordereil Iharh i be burned, and n
vrttige ofHiem i left, ,or any evideixe
beyond lh(j aotcrofjUwIaration of lha Con
gresi ttwt thiry tcn acaodalou and libel
loumtbeir term low.rda' Ibe peoplo of
thia (Jofony. .Aod thi ConJreaa" ailopted
arfij urrranixed a lemporar'n ivUm of Gov
trnitrntfvrfktCotovyitf ,Vrf Ciroii
aThnrre(K grounda aq3 bafl families)
twrnilinmaUu elect three Vmutln from
eactt cotoiJr,and the towiujfi!ertfbr enfj.
Ulit tolctf JDelegatea UT IbaAawmlilya
niir-uraiect-one daierraaa- is inarrmua. and
urcjr tuuuia mei io lbe-am 0 m
Vongrfnd aAftr jWiri-tnat tht
gernrgiM ewcii ouininr.ot pale
Ij IcomjKwtHl uL twu-Oiember of their own
anCwnVf
(and Iho' Congress
much -toward, ihe
XDKPIXDtJICir In
r'"eoutttry-which, howevefficli
UlCt - lo" lOV. traM . IVV ' . toug
aeaiblcd in I77tJ, early in the year,
ifij
res
and
djiiarned- before July 41h:I Bcfcra' their
adjoumroowt, Ihey -eUngod the" plan of
civil goycrument in many pariiculars,
. aliicji, axe .flot, material Jo be ataled- here,
further than rhey abolislipd the Commiltrr
of ISiiet, afld aAcrdeflaiui: Ua 'power
and requiring lhat their -eion should he
Irom' tongpess lo Congress," tlmy estab
lihefVToiaf,ir of Safely c'omo J7r
thirteen clothed tlicio with powersin (be
reoess, except that Ihey should not oknlish
alter or change any aet, ordinance or re
solve of the Congress-rrand should not
draw fur. money beyond a- siieairied butb.
This CcHincif of Safety being in mission
in 1776, and having received intelligence
that Independence was declared, they did
resolvo that notice-should be given to the
Freeholders and Landholders, and heads
of fanUies n Ihe couniitl, that they had
nctterclect nvo Ueiegates in each coutilv
ut the regular election, and the towns, one,
for it "would be tncumbrnt on the nca
Congress lo frame a Conttitution for the
note independent atate ofyorth Carolina.'"
i hether this was acted upon thn)U"hout
the State, cannot be cortaiinv known, but
it is a fair presumption it Aas not, for m
thai day much difficulty, would arise fli dis
wminatir auch a notice, and certainly
vcrv little time was allowed the people
he. Congress ot 17 0 met, assumed thn
TJiaiXucTtt aamflr of xqVf iT" aihl r. ami. .
and EST.t&LisiiEu the present Const jiutiuu.
TIms sirs, is a short, hut truo history of
ine origin 01 tnui instrument, the rmlit
Ofthe Convention to frame tho ConMiru
Hon and recommend- it to tho people, for
their ratification, 1 do not question.-: All
legislative bodies (have according to the
theory and practice of popular govern
ments) right to recommend to the people
a ch-inso of their plans of irovernmont. im.
less tho Ctmstitution haa expressim farUd-.
d?m!it-oft&nmbitetediimotk
of reform tn the Constitution itself. The
fact is beyond doubt, that our Constitution
never was ratified by any -vote of the p,
jne.
"wo iiicti ins ticMioii arises liin
the people even n jthorizai tlie Convention
of l77J to do this act for them? The
precceding Congress did not, by ordinance
confer thia power or recommend that it
should be vested in their successors. Did
tho Resolve of the Concil of Safety confer
that power? ":
In its terms there-is none such. It on!v
declares that it will be incumbent on the
next Congress to frame a constitution.'
The peoplo did not confer this power.
i nis is clear Irom two views of the subject:
lit, torare a VousUrutiea. and 1u c?c J.
;zi'-'
...
' J ' . ,,':
. . .. - ' - . - . 1 J a L. i ii.;i
Ink il, are two dialiiKt thin;' legmla
live Uwly may frame t plan of tioyern
nkMil the iwoiile only carl ettabliik it
Sfmlly, admitling that lo frame a plan of
government i In tatahMh and aeiile it
without further inti-rle-rcnco by u peop
in wbat riianner doe it apta-ar that tin
WH-an to confer en that Conreaa any pow
end'lliekmd! Murk wet Hythnthene
latinj plan of UoVHrnment, the regular an
nu il ulncliori Would come on in October,
1770, and in Aygtttt preceejiug, tin He
aolve of lh CoUiM'il of HaMy. wa paaac-i
m by tH!eleeiiff 1 WfcaU, th pn
pie nuniroatnd ho um to Jin re
lve, and it wa not prat icuom to muK
d'uKtd etTeCtual. I low iT'Hild tltry ic
about it I A refuaal to vole would ti
have availed thmn, ber.nuae len volen in
(,'uiiiy waild make an election, and ova
rrkitianre would have deatroyed the rmne
of freedom and inilepedonce. Tlie Uailrrt
of the people nlred only a ch n r tu lln-ui
bi)tecn awrthy and thit Vontftuimn
and ilia friend of liberty had no diil'n ully
iu miik Ina tho anleclion. I no "(.ounci
of Hufely' we re then, what our (Joierno
i now, aiid if hi excellency aliould inuk
proclunialiVi to the people Hint it Woub
lie inmimbf'iit on llm next (i"iirral Aawm
bly to make a new L'oiutlilution, and ru
commend to them lo elect 5 m-ti-o l of 3
Memla-ra from enrti county,' will any f
firm Ibut uii elerliiat of Meuiht-r to tbi
Aaai-mbly would of iladf, In; conferring any
p.iwer lo do what the ttovernor bad pro
dunned F iilul tlie people refu4i ;o tier
i ...
uny .iieiiiiiera, ami pin a alop to irteir pre
M'ul plan ol Civil giiveruiiK'iil on (be one
baud, or bo taken lo have a-uti'd to tin
it rant of power on Ibe other f I admit ih.U
long acquit trrnre i Iu be reanhd now ,i
implied tt'Mt'nl ; bnt when we are told dial
luktruiiH'iil n no n.irrml ami iiivioUblc, it ta
but jun to 'oik truth hi ilm f ice1, Pou
inHiindrrHtajid in. Our fulber were la
twH w-peewhwr diiBcoltiea ihey wcted the
Nirt of 1 utrniH, und the ncccanty of the
U'Uf'l.obliifwl tlicm lo art in aoino dcjrei'
uM)ii tlie maxim 'talus populi tu prima est
let. I he rcaoH which cmitrnred theui
i obviou enough, and their motive I d
not nili I proif"ieto pealt of tboiin in
my nevt. Ihey did not aubmil ihe Con
ahtolion to the People. The pennlc di
not frame jt-Hl wn I'ihiivJ 'for rAra.'
I bey did not ettaltlnh it (t wm Virus
litkid for them' and at a lime whim re-.ia
lance to it wuuld have broaht them to
anarchy, and however - objectionable it
iiiiilit be, the Conttitution wai prrf'eralile,
I pledge vou my word, that all the fact!
I have are true, unlena 1 have fallen int
error umiUiAgljtii ao, lei thoas correct
me who krtow better, and I will cheerfully
aiiDinu 10 ii. jm my ;arrare well a tin
ted history, the deductions from them wi!
go before intelligent mam..
i . . . aa .
May.. - SEN EX.--
Grtract ffm tke
Mrt-Coattrr'i
"ipee'eh, delivered kef ore his constituents
all, Ihtjttebrnnqn oj,jcfertonri birth
..daj,.in UUiirttilU Pennsylvania, on
-Ukiim-of Aprtl last r ;
- Thet.otnia of - protection, aa-distinct
from revenue, in my. opinion, never euter-
LjiLiutalhe voiiceptions of the fraiuer uf
the Conslitulign ; ami would aut liave been
rl oy ihe people, who were thuu
fifsh.froui tho.cMitei(tsjfiibfiaju--..lV.fcv.
ii .1 . ... i.. ..... . j
anouiu mo niuusiry 01 oue class of men
claim or., need- pitw:t4oii, hy la more
than that of- theic . neifflvbor f ThevVan.
equal oy ine aonsitiutuui, ana byiiia uriu.
eipWo('a4urer-aiidttielaw Wliicfi "makes
a distinction, and confers a privilt-r0 ui,.
mill tiilA w. .iW . I'mmul a K.r . . V:
j " i iuu Bjiuiiisi me
firsl principles of a f ree- rjeverrrmenr. In
reducing lha dunes to the revenue etung
aru, or inu wuuw 01 mo government it
appeared to um ihat no injuMice was done
to any class 6fccliou of the' community ;
and that, by loing ao, the discontents of
the country would bo appeased. Govoru
mer;wa.wsutu .uf . all
the people, and it apiMiured just and nron.
crlontiemlto tho wants, complaints, and
oppressions of all.
1 be people ot booth Carolina are sin
gled out us an exception in the mimis of
many they are my countrymen and vours
Iwiiud tu mo by thq rccnlliiriion of the
fields ol tamJen and the EutawSnriii"
by many n gullaut fight and name, in the
camp of liberty, and my country and
yours, a wish io aiiay even their discou
tenls, not by the blo-id of my own country,
men, spilled out on its soil, but by the no-
uier sacruice oi nistice and coneilmiii.n
The modification of tho tan!f laws receiv
ed tlie assent of the whole south was ac
cepted as a ponce otfuring, to restore tran
(joility to the coiintry. When, therefore.
waea. wa wera ourowhing anew ihe-inks
I the Union, I did not wish !o present the
biiyouet to southern bosoms and sav tins
cup of peace and union, whjch yon now
accept, restores harmony, tririquilitv, and
Ceace makes us countrymen, indeed
rethren in alfeotion and principle, but fm.
cause you dared to throw up your caps and
talk of liberty, this bayonet is presented to
shujuhjr.am wmiw
to make no idle parade of the terrors of
the ConstWtrtrow?-
in union ami peace oy moans - of mutual
reason, forbearance, and justice, and thus
wio fnr-it tlw. alEwtious o tJie-muJ
surest guaranty and supprt.
l, theretore, voted -against Iho enHirco
mont bill. It was altogether unnecessary.
The settlement of the tariff question had
m ire effectually allayed nil opposition than
nurtured tiiou-sand bayonets could have
cne. its passaae could onlv irritato thn
south, without doing any good to ihe north.
Instead of strengthening, it onlvi weaken
ed the administration.
" have this day assemWod todo hc-nor
to a man,- whose memory is adorned with
tliat noble clory : which accoinranica the
aiiV-HiBr
unK vi muajivus ocar wDor by aectar
.-lJ.
."-::-' ...',y'.-v-.:..i:1...;..,..,.
him- and leare tutiii it in . ,
ui'jt, have ererled ibe moat dur..l.i.. ..
f.....t il..... . . e. a.
. .. . .. "i u
itomu viNienrd is Butlioily .,f tl, l
wmh to aecuro it from llial reproach.
ar, I
in ine cioae ot me year I lft
frft law luil luni.ii .i.l ... .i
oih,!.
Matea, by arareil then, wiih.aii coorr
vnl nrwea. A kluna.l.l I... t .
t.
- r - r m loeii-j .
equipped for ana, and when al wa at,,.!!
by tha custom lnaie nfnerr, u,d. jj
ownew would give U.nd, that B J
not go to any oilier purl except iNie
laa-UaaW .Hwrev.- tJHTt's";"
force rescued l.cr, and she aaileal NSJ
she ph afed. To remedy hi fi.rribl. JJ.
prea-ei of llm law, Cinigrtaa, early tn
ly, IIW, puasi-d aa iicl, aupplcueMarv w
the euilwigo, authorising tbu Pr,.,,,),.,;, fe
emjilv) vlho tiijliija and ibe .n,J aiHj
force, lo aut the ciM.mi hoti- iiirirrr,)9
detaining Veaaels, until they coiii)l(HJ
lh enilairgo law. A h,m aa illa
waa imaaed, (lie Legi,jtare of Maacht.
a lts resolved lhan was unconstitut.MMl
and n-it obligatory within ber limits iijj
iraiiainiiimg a memorial to Conjrei, m
the Bubj'tt, she iuf.rim d tlu'm that, if S
law waa not repealed, alio would Ui tl.
in-lied to ri'sisi it by force. .Mr, J,
ralh-r lhau bring (he L'nitod .Vt,,, (.
conflict with a Slate, recommends
rnje-al, not only ol llm law, but ol 11. e(a.
Imrgo ilaelfj and lU? very aame Toiria.
in an weekt, (the law -aa paasi d abiiji tj
middle id" January and repealed kml
oiiii-llo of March,) n-peak-d he aanic Uf ,
which lliey had paiSr.l, fir iki other ipiu.
than tl ' iNie of (be sovereign ritati
im' .sir irracy ha I Oi.i Uri'd that
he
would reaiat a l f.irv. I leave it t.i
camlur and eeno tr ay ahethertlini.n
a prerekut din ctly atfamal llmlawnfl,
y.aif
aewtioo, anu wn-tner it dies ut arrnv tiaj
whole of Mi. Ji .di'Mon'abllioritv. .in,..
ol the Congress of ISO!), againal I lis
aai I I'M .
The Conlitution of the United Sunn.
ond the jets of Conjure ,,
ance thereof, are tlii'"aupruiiie law of il
tamt.-Biid tbe Judge, tn every SWerare
bxtiul thereby. Of this there cin be aa
dtspuif -iJttil !hfl fin ciusl be xhm.U -1
anu eniuroea, m ine in sin wlm h the Coo.
as i
aiitulnmantiinnr . One of the reitil
feefs of the dd Confederation was, ;
there exiaied iki power iu "the General
(J.iveniment to oMrte irrxaj individual
in the Stales; and; therefore, when a Simi
lid not choose to obey, and enforce an 4
f Connreaa, il remaintd a doa letter, ua.
less ( 'nnrrsH retried to military cuercioo
upm ihe State; Dy Ibe present CaM'tira
ti iii,, the , Uuitcd iitatc Govtrnuaut it.
rnalilcil to nMirate utou iudividuata of t h '
laiea, and enforce it la'w-s upon llieim,'
through the judiciary of tlio United Si iia
and the cjvil nmgistrucyt But, betw
the Cuilod Slali: . anu a State, lh HHiae.
r sts preciaely where it did imder the r
ticlea of coultHleralion..-The Constitimnoj '
make Ho uuijiirc. 'Tb Suirenie r.n4.
tttproaaly discbuciha jundciionof poliii-aA
uestKm! .h hey-tntwt thnyetiiro, fw rtf-
tied, erther.Pjf .t lA Ja tf! forces srh k, v
woukl heirarlrr the arid tirlh', otFv TKir
law-.sBonpfOiiiaa and mutual- gnralni.
Iioft.- In a eontet of force the eitiat-rr -f
ihe recuaarrt State could not be num. 1
for treason, because the State h l tlie
fully of auvereiiritty Jo Compel hist -fiiiaii
dteuce, and because, by ihe Cotisft'i''na
I the Uiiiteu Mutes, every iwrsou mi,,; i
rieiflor" n'n"oifenc'cIuthe ijiaie iii r- 4
was c.iinnutied,.,. ,..., t.ww.
.1 dAOi bidofi'to the school of rmtvx,
Would not involve my swuntrv in a mf -
war t rniimtain a'thWrt; wh'c'f her'ol f di'
igh church, or the low church, in p a
iaw i- admire, practical- rcpuUtcaws
Wc all admit, howeveV,. that- the iiu4
avc certain reserved njlifs. with wfnek
'ongress tTtrrrmrrwrtwjrrrt tint riT-mfeifT-
Tho State Legislatures, In pashiuj litf
or mo oenenr or tneir respective siarrs,
H prficeeil upon Ihe rights reserved In the
States; and the people of the States, wliea.
hey assemble in convention to alter l
h'ierid their constitiirions, hrocdnd Upral:
the rights reserved to tho Slates. But if
the doctrine of Air. Webster, in mmoortisf
the enforcing bill, is correct that Coo-
gress is the solo judge of the reserved;
rights of-Ihe Staks, except in contruver
sies which assume a judicial character
then the Stale Legislature proceed under
favor, and subject to tho discretion ofCon
gress, and the people of the States them
selves cannot Torm a State constitution
without its being subject ro tht? tfiiperviswit
of Congress. As a citizen of the State T
Pennsylvania, 1 do not admire the rmtiist
of a member of Congress from Pbhmhio'
quoddy, or the bay of Sera, regulating inf
municipal rights, arid controlling the di
rribution of what littlo property I hare.
I'linu ara imf lim anraaninim t aal aiaa j fin tf'lCt
"Jitraw tian IIFT W'IFI xL'WMIlBIIW " avea
purpose. ...Jiul, geulkuxta, it waa-oa sues, ...
assumptions as these, that the enforciiig
bill was predicated.' I have not time, in
deed 1 have little inclination to examine'
its features: I never looked upon it but
with 'abhorrence.
The first section, instead of providing
means for the execution of the revenue
laws, docs -effectually.- and in terms, en
tirdy jwsp.ejuLtuuiijL,u
trict, which the President may choose ".'
new rule, which consists wholly of, 'n9
will, the sic nolo,, of the collector of. tha'
port, solo, judge, umpire., and autocrat
bacKod "by the military aiid riaval pWerv
tbe counts-y, as his orators and .executor'
Tho third section provide that any per
son, Who, under the color of the revenue
laws, shall commit any offunce, -.murder
nf ooniail -.11 dI he fried in theStltH
courts, but in the United States court,
Rn offence,' I suppose, ngiiinst the Uniiea.
Sates. The United States' courts have
no common law power ; they, :herefir.; .
cannot punish under the principle ol w
common law. There is noact of Congrf'
cat cf iflur&f.. ihw- pret-tswB--
log I
ham
btw
. A
tnnu"
" his h
impr
ciiltn
"the I)
prv(
Will ;
awl
"'tnaei
ili;ri
a tw
- paid
s-taiw
adv
ther
''g