Py fill
1
.IIY JOHN ilKAl'lA, Jul
1l la ift u aUtfaia hniU aM )l aa f"" I WmJ. aa! Itw yiivof I'lt mlKt a -ana ia IN aal f
mm)
rpunusilKi) wci ici v.
.. - - - -
II I " III St IH nil IT
Mm riiiva aoS nhiilt will W r,4 ana Utile
la km).m vf lff 'aikm h rf'iif la ari.i la i.a .. (mhi,
' I a-
Vol. xVi.
REPLY. OF KKNTTCKY AN!) VJU.
r GINIA,
To ike Annrtri if lie Stale, '. '
...n xn'cxnir.fflT.tTiQS'S or iryo.
... In tub Hunt or Itr.MMftmVrC
Tkurntaj, Sorrmbrr Uh, 1?U!.
Tlie flmie, according 1i Ihe itnnding
order "f llin day, reaolvod itself into a
Committee of llw Whole lltmao mi I ho
'utonfibe OHnmmi wealth, Mr. l)cha in
t!if ilwur, ; ami. fir ximo time ani
tlit n iii, die Sprnksr reaumcd the chair,
ami Mr. lbtalm reported lint I lha Commit.
; hud taken uiiiler Cimsideration sundry
rnlulin pM-d by ecveral Hliic
liturns, ihi I ho Subject of the Alien ami
K-ilniim Law, and had chhi to n re.olii
I, .rn iirrniMin, which lit- delivered in al
t ilerk' table, where it wua lead, and
ii'ititirwuily agreed ti by I he IIimi, a
f'ilii :
The reprcaentolivea i Hie gciod Triple
of tin Commonwealth, in General Aom
bly convened, having maturely considered
the answer of umlry Btalea in Ijie Union
Ij iht'ir resolution p4ao4 the last fwtsion.
rnHMM'liatf tXfliiin Cjiioinnlittiliiinnl liiwa of
(HijrtNg, roniliwuiiy calird-tUo Alien and
i-iliiion LhWi, would be failhlt-M, uhJnhi,
u llieniaelvee, and tohnfhpy Tt 'nciit,
vi rf (I icy ailrutly to aequicnen in ihnorin
i il and ductriuc dltriiiptcd lo be niuin
tjiix'd in a!l thofe annwcVi, thai of Virgi.
lis only epted. . To gnn nfc iTie
l.ild vf arjfmrwnt, id attempt nmir fully
or forcibly to epnee the iiiK iiiii'jt iimiiiIi
lv "f ih oltifixiou w. old, it iaap
preliended.tie ai ummcciitr)' unavailing.
Vi cannot, however, but lan cntj tbutj- lit
u lU'JuriMM'a rf fjTwriritffc n In .ulyccls,
U rundry of the Lf(p4tHimv4 oi irii if rr
tirtif'a, uiilouiHled Mipgri6ta ond uncnn
iid intiuuatiooa, dirontory lo the truu
rharaclcr and principle of lliia common
p.itTtr. tiave hei nmUnliluKu' jji nloce o Ihi
SWiWIirSnriomrff
- j . . . . I
iiioifs of lhee alarmmp merisurei of the
(icnaal Uovcrniifcit,-logether - willi vwr
rniw fjr thoo iiptmnna, were detailed
t-1- Vina. vend niih Unper, and aub
- tlKse Stitca wliu'Idv UhhJ (r aticmnteit
" to obtlaie the great truthacontnined in
thoo relnHon1we-.fia.xe-aiiwoiiIy te
"TTIubTuit tuVcandid world, rutthfnl totjie
ww principle m tne rtienjl i;iuo,iM-
L?Coni6uif ai tteeigns to diattirbthe Tiar-
trumy of ihitt lnion, afid aniioo only -to
tfZ. iiraiie '. tlie. faoge of tlutrintiant. -lbw'Trmtl
a Projde of ihiH t.ornmoawiTaltJv ieoi(trd.
..Iil!ieniHiee;bjnn
IIThwvever.the mlcnre of tht Comi'nonwenjih
fbould be cooatructed iirtoan ncquicrfeiu'e
' in thr! dnclrii)"' and principle auvaocrd
raid attempted ier be maintainor iy the
"'v. 'd anaweraV e le-it thoa "rf o'dr' feV
.JowiliaveeM thoHliout ,lhe. l!ioh who wv-
viHy difTnf from iul on tlwee oportant
,1 aulijvcta, iliould.bA WMb;. Ahu Mpee-
ttion Owl we loU tie deterred from what
we conceive our duty,, or ahrihk from the
principlea contained in Uioae reaolUtion':
flierelore, . Tv4--- -r-Rr<td,
That ihi Coihmoowealin con-
-aiJer the Federnl t'ltiohV upViii lyTeVme
und tor the purpoeea iecined in Ihe. late
r compact, aa'conducive to jl liberty and
nappinen or the aeveral state t Thnt it
ff ttm iinAitiiafi'. 11 . A i, A A m Ild tiUAL .
w..- p, , 1 i .
k ,recalilv toitaobviou and real mleiition.
iml will be among the tu.4loek"it di j
ftiliKion: That inhoae who ailmmUtor
' the General (iovernmenl lie liermltted to
tranageees the limits fixed by that compact,
ny a total rlwrenard to the epecml delega-
tion of power therein contioel, nn nnni-
tilittiion of the State Governments, and the
creation upon their ruins of a General Com
.. anltdated Government, will bo the inevita
bl ebnseqtience : That the principle and
r rmutrycthn ron'vrultd for by iundry p
.rue .vrife hrjntlaturri. that Ike (f crura I
-yt:.ieeia.
e powm uaantrti to tt, stop
k''g ineil
of those who administer the
Tin Y ij.LtL.:j.'itxjrz;T"iri
"T""."". , irwuu ur. 1 fie rm ttntirr rj tirrir jryi'
""'. 'I'lint tno gijverul Stales who forirted
1 tliat itidtrumniit, being overeii;n and indq
rwufcnt, have the unquestionable riftht to
J! of the infraction ; atiJ, T!UT A
"TTFlemo BV Til WR SOVEHflUlINTlE, OP
Alt rxiVTIIoflirEO KCTM UONB rMDER CO
fr ieii.b.-: That thi Commonwealth
Y under titer iriosi civlibcrate re-consi
'tion, declare, tTiafthe said Alion and.
i Laws are, iiTtlietr ppiiiion, palpa.
'Hnlatiorn'otrlio aaii CioMtilution ; and,
We.,, ulujayfljity H Way to'lAhpmfrtZ
"irwnder its opinion to a m ijoiiiy of im
"'r Snf es, in matters of oFdina'ry-or
' Hilitfu policy, vet, in momentous1 fezula.
""nit, the best rights of the 'citizen,, it
Jl0"1''' -roneider a ailent acquiescence as
,?Wy eriminal: ThtalthoiiL'h tins Com.
flnwe,lth, a, n pn'rty lo the Fcdorat com-
f. iH bow o the laws of llw Union, yet
"ltWajmo thai) ' d6ct&re'll,at ;1t
BliT flpvah Ctlmit y, (NvC.) ;; Monday; JV()V(?ni!);f :1, 1833.
' -j ..... - - - - -. -
will not now, or ever hereafter, r ian to
ihwc, in H cortHf iimiMi;tl manner, every
attemH,a w hnt cpmrter oever oU',)reiJ, lo
violaU that eo.nnnrt. And,fiiHj(,in or.Ju'r
that rui pret ,r arffumenl may bo ilrtwn
from anppwtrd ncipiii Venco on llio part
of Ihia oitii'inwoglib, ulliaiawii.4
HryTirrJi.1i7Htvi, mil ln tbrrLy iiwd u
preeedonta for nimilur future itolujiona o
the FeiWal eompni-l ihinTommornn-alih
doe now ent..y oainat them iia SOLEMN
I'HOTEHT.
rtrnct, c. Atfit,
Tno'i .Tuua, ('. It. Jl.
In S.mle, Nov. '!?, 17l'J Keud auJ
cmieorrH in.
Atleat, , 15. Tiii arro, C. S.
1,
Mil maiio's wrinnT nv tub vi.
OiM Mf.SOI.l TInNS.
vmnixM moi kK or ii II (;ti..
Ntttifirt of H!)' 100.
REPORT ot the rominiilee to whom
were rcfrrnd iln- oiniiiiiiiicutiijon o
vari'MiD Siitii-a, relative to lliori .lu
tii ma of the lnt (irorrsl Aiemhlv of
thin Stale, concernn.j the Alien and He
dillon I.an ;
Whatever room mi'dit le fiHind in thn
procenlr
.. .. . . I
have diniiriiv(Y of the Ri'nolulioua uf
-i n i . er
the ieiK,raf Aiembly ol ihi t't'tnmon.
wealth, paiud unihe A of Deeeun-
lr, for pninlul remark" ihi the npiril
and ihanner of llnme proecedma, it iip
pears In the Cumnulti-e iiiobI coiiileii
with t!iedtity,n !! a iliniiy, ol the
(Tewriil A-mlv, In-ha(i'M an oblivion
of every -i rro.iwim.ee l.n-h miclii Ih
conntri'fd into a Jiuiitii tion of miiiiml n-t
pect, folifidence, hiiu utR alion. uiol)j Utu
mi:fi'ibe"r"oi tlio l'liion.
, The coinmillee l'e ili'onu'd it n in. re
UW'ful tivk to reviM'. vtillt a ctiticul eve,
llm feiololHrna whirli lutte met with tlioi
dimnprobnlioti ; (o cxuinine f.illv tlii'M -ve
nil objet iiona amlarnmehMjJu
to' Impure who.
llm Ihnm Iw. llnv i.rrm V.f ffli--rJS uiiuf 1
titer there lie dny crrTiiTVif fart; of prim'i.
plo,-or if roit"mingTwhich the rnmlor o
the General Aieniblv ouhl to ackuot
lettge and correct.
finT araoi.iiTJOt.
r t lib bfll I
t. . ! following :
1. " Jrioipfi. TImt the General Aasetubty
hf Virginia doth uneipiivncully exprern a
firm reotilufinn to nmmlain and deli-oil the
ConatitUIion TiftTie rnlteif Stale and the
(onetitution of ilii Slate aintinjrtvtery eg.
ieresHon,"cithQr. liireign -or domeniie. nod
that, they will miiiporl the (joveruutfiit of
"tfieTKriitetl Siaies In all roe aurt wafrrjoi
ed bv.lliu (urnmr."
No'iinfdflilfcXiBauwt
tiimfo. -o-l!ie xentitnciitg here rrpiii.',l.
1 .(iintnitl and d-'feml ihe Contitiiti m uf
the United Ainle, and tiflheir own Stte,
nnihtt every Breaf iiin. U-'lh fiirt in;tt tn4
tii'inestte, 4DJ .I0 aJmxirt the -'-"-v',nTn!ri'1i'.'vr'''rioH iir
t&i isf vn'd S'ef ur all p.UilKVaVwliV;
ranrei! liy llie Coiwtilutum. ar- lii'tt
which Ihe General Asaemblv ou.'bi ttUva,
lofrel, and W which, on atich ah occ ifoofi,
it was evidently prnjiof to expren iheir
sincere and firm adheience.
KCOND BEgOLTTTOS
Inthlrnext resolutioo "The Gene
ml "Aftitilymot aotemiity den
litrpa g
warm attachment lo the Union of tli
Stales, to maintain which, il .pledge all
its powers : and that, for tbia end, it is
their, duty to tvatch over aitd oppose f iry
alt nte the onlv baaia of that .Union, lie
U , . . . , ; '.c
cibe IT fiiilhful "Tlmcjvnnce o,!jjenx iau
it! one sccur oli5 esjstence and the public
happiness.
The observation just made, ia equally
arplienblo to this solemn declaration of
warm attachment to the Union, end this
solemn pledge to maintnin it; nor can any
question arise, among enlightened friends
of the Uuion, as to the duty of watching
over and . opposing every infraction of
those principlos which constitute its basis,
and a faithful observance of which cart a
lonrJ secure its exiatence, and the. public
1ipp4cJUiexeonvdejendin
TtrrwnEEwTrTtSi"---
.'."Thai .
and peremptorily declare, that it views
the powers of the Federal tnjvcrnmmit as
resulting Iroin the compact to w;hich fhe
States are parties, as limited by the plain
sense a'nd intention of the insl rutnent con
st i tilling! ha I cmripa-pt -a ni furt bet.y albl
tnan they" are authorizeil by the grants
enumerated in that compact ; and tint, "in
case ofa deliberate, palpable, and dauber
ous exercise of other piwari, not granted
bw tlie aaid comnact,' the Status, wttrt ace
parties thereto, havejlie rilitt and are;., in
3uTybmiiid7to iriterptwej for arresting the
nroirross 01 mn evu, uuu tor nHiioiniiiiu
. . 1 . : . j r
within their reapective limit, the auth tri "
ties, riijhU, nnd liberties a'piaTiaming to
iiieTu. r,
On this) resolution the Committee have
bestowed all the attention which Us im:
portanca merits? They have scanned it
not onlv with a strict, but a severe eyet
Und they feel confidence in pronouuci..
i that,in its jir and ftf coosliuct.cn, U is
uneteepiionnbly true in it aeveral )vrh
Uim, a well aeontilutiuial aud contlu
ive in ila inferjire, J
j The reaolulion declaree, frit, that ' it
ri-wa the power of the Federal Govern
ment aa revolting Irom the Vompjc,tJ
wb; Jhe-fltatoW are' paVtie j" in 'mher
word, that the Federnl power are derir
m1 from the Cnnaritoliofl f and thnf the
Loom) itui itHi i a compact to lutb tlie
Hlateaare parte.
b ar aa the ponitinn miml aeem, that the
Federal poner are derived from the ('on
tiiutum, 4f from that abme, the coinmiitee
are ool ormpprticd of a Ut doctrine, which
(ena aiMither atwree' of Federal weV,
not leaa ednnaive and important, than ilii
new and uneipnetndt The eiamiimtioo
of ihiimihject will lie mot eiivenienlly
connected with a review d 4 leieceediiif;
rewihiiion. The (oirmiitee nt'fv them
elvea here by ttrirflv reinaiii.g, that to
ull the contemporary dim utwioim and com
meiili which the ('oiiutitution imdi mini,
it riMitunlly jimiifted awl rr. .uinteiul
ed, on llm arriili.l llml I be liower IHI t'lV
n t the ( ivi luiiieiil. wi re ailhhebl
fruii ; ami ib.ii if noy d.Hibt could have
eiiled on lb: Miiiji'l, ou.kr tlie oriimtl
li'XI of Ilia ( oinlil'jli i'i, H I reiil ivel t
Ut hp wonli rontd, rem.iix It, by ib I i'h
a iM-odiiieiit, now a part of l;e '.. ..t H t
turn, which eMreU iteclareo " HihI llie
nytbe t'm-iii'oiioo, mo ir"lnliiiivl d i'
111 ihe Hlale. lire ffni-i ved II tlie Si .X.
rCMpective Iv, "r In Hie ioupe."
Tlie .il In-r p.oilmii inv. t"l in l.ii
branch ot lie- iewiiiion. imh 'v " '!. t1
lite 8l file, nrr lirtj .t ltl 1' l it i!'
or Colllptcl," in, ill llie jiidifeiiii'lil ot I'!''
CninimMee, eipinlly fret' Inun objerlioll.
It it indeiid Irui! I'ml lie) term " Sl i'e,"
n Hoini Imiea u ! in i vnym; w'nM". tmd
"ntneli.neii in "iTiflerout ni'iiea, nrcorilinn lo
llie nil.j.Tl lo tin ii it m iipplied Thu-,
il onetiinoii ini'itoi llie te rate m i Ii..im
lemt iry m-cnpieil by the th'lilicitl koi'ic
tie 1 1 Ii i ii each ; mmi I i .. the p irlicnl.ir
' , ' '
(iiivermueiiN lul.l, .! i .! . lli
111-
ed intolliimo par'u ulin (jnernne ii i. ; nod
laatly-, i nteaiw iliu peptic C-!mpini.ltl,"'
Iilitii iil Hncieiiea, in Iboir lu tlie -it irr
eitu captifoy. Although it locbl lie
w tubed thn' the perfeciiitr) oflanunii' id
ni'tled h-aa diver-ilv in Ihe iffintieaH'n ol
wJJf "TfWritW waWeni?inr(ienierietCrv
prifbieed liv it when the true eoe end be
ctlle -ted with rertamiy from 4bw ffilFrenl
nip'b hIioii. Inline, present inHauee,
w 1 1 a 1 e v r j 1 Ij re tit v ciMWUiititein - of Ibe
term " 'n'.u..," in tht! r- .tttiton, mny have
I",; u. nv.:r'.i;i ii,--U ennenir U
that- l.ii r,ittt-o'd : t i'.i'.T '' irt lttv mist;
! Hit ( '. "H'.'.ll rr-i; . yU'.ll.Hfl I'..lbii
i ' 1
f ile.t il : u
in lent smTr ittbT t.iFiT ralu
in in.ti hi'iij- 1.1 1 tie ii"ia
a"rtu-5.
'TV-' i mimcu. I'rt.m which toe otir ue
erb rii iJ'isi riniif ui rnlt.
I Ii. 'i l iimitl'ill In Hull I In (. .,1'i-it
A'iiiiiW vu-wy ihe.pi'Uer-Ar iheJVtlt'ral
,- l k
tll.ll nti(
i il
il. .ti-'..-rti-," I
"'e !i 1 11m ut
i oi.Ii.t , 1 ,( , j
iti'v !. II
;
;
'I'lrellt 11 1 .!! 'if
1
u-f.-. Ti.i- lir'-'
irtli iiijit
''iil;.to t
!o u il n lacutioii liiut H
.niit to hunt die !'i!t'jpr t.ttmt' '
j plainly irrlCii(l(t? liv llie Mvi iie o n : 'k'
oioer, 10 a necitiraiioo iii.u t imniii to
have the execution and elf el liitemled .tv
ihenu. If the powers grattiej bn vai', 11
is; eololy Wuiiie iwj r granted r and, if.
ihe pranted '"piwers""nro .valid, laicnuse
granted, all other power not granted iniit
not bd valid.-- - - ,rT J 'r , .
'llie resottiiirm liayin taken this view of
the Federal comoet, proceeds i i inli-r,
" that, in caseofa deliberate, palpable, and
dangerous exerciae, of other powyra, not
gruuled by the Baid compact,- the States
who iire parties thereto have the rili t, und
are in duty benml, to interliose for arrest
Ing Ihe prorcw of tlie evil, and lor iiioin.
taming, within their 'respective limits, the
authoritiea, rigbia,di : libt-rties,appertainin
to lhm " - '
tt appear to your Committee, lo. Iw-a
plai'i "principle, founded in common jsejyac
4iUMt rated bTW1lirmTpraclice, und een
a4aliuk.lia.liirf cttiintfyt.whei'e
KHort can bn bad to "lrtbunf- mrpermr to
theaHtttiomvofihaparties,thw partie
SJv1 tiiust be tlie rijilill'ul judges, iu the
lasl resort, whether the lr(iin made has
been puiMied or vitdated. The Ctipatilu
turn of the Umtel "tates Was luriued by the
sanction' of the Suites, given by each in its
Miiereiun capacity! It adds to the atabili
y end nirr.ai well atf to1fie"auilr0niy
t the toustituion,iimi it rests on. tuts
im ite and aolid foiindation. L The
f;iiea, then, Ixmig the parses to the con.
attttiinintil Cfi.inpacl; and In their sovereign
cwpseify, it fjlows r.f necessity that there
1.. . '.ll---,r-..;ii-:.it-."
ran Im n-i rihn-i.il wU.imi Jlmi authority lo
bfcide, 01 the last report, whether, the
e nrmrtct inrt le by them be violated ; and,
c-mseqii"trtH, that, as the partiea to it,
V. r; ; , r- .
renorl, neli qiieti-iu as may te.int Bum-
femnt nuigmttiite lo require their mterposi
tiim.
ft iloes -not fjlow, however, jhat be
caise t st-ites, as )vireii: paraes to
llimr con v ol iK;iiLvC!.!ia3iit -r- int Ulti-
rnaicly decide wuuil.er it bos beeu fioia
V.au -UiuiOHi bv V io-n ! ur:dra;Kf JW-loti-Stelo Omatittrtlritis.' n
1f1''fttliriViVuTvoiiiriii..nii a a olain diiiiial- tbe-mndameiifiil
and " fty iio biriTi' r vand e'ltt.-iple . wiucb, our iadeDeodeiioe itweJf
. Mtwi!!l "tk: the "rW,f f'wa l-''.'Vt,
r ..1 ... i
v
ltd, I tin I aueh a Jccixion ooht in be in
lrpoiii eilbi r in m bay niilnrrr or imi '
doubt lul ami inferior ormNiinm. I!en in i
iho cane of oriliimiy ('ciivuniionj iHiwen i
diinreiit nation, where, by llie kiriel rub"
id!iulwprolaMe4H-werrriii!nrniiiy
dn nied a hrench ofihe w bole -verv port i
'"" Wincd acu.Uiui4 rvrry mherlitie
part, ami of the luilu it i wnn I li I
down llml the breach mut lie both wilful :
and nialuriul, to in. iifv on aiinliraiion of I
the rule. Hot in 'be rami of in inliiii.i
and CiMililuli.iiml l'liion, like lhat of ihe'
United 8iule. H ia evub ni ha the inter.
piiHition of the partiea, in their wivereijiii i
capai il), inn be eilbl for by oornxiiwai
inly deepiv tnwiuliully atlecliuir tba I iliil ,
principlea of their leili'ical avfi m
I'lie reaolutiou ha, accutrdinglv, cunrded
aiiitifl any niixanpreltefiMon of it object,
by ciprt'Milv rei uirmtf for atich n io'er.
K4il' .ii I he cbho of e Jililirriilr, pviM.
bit, uiul ilnntrviii hnm h of :ln- t'm.atilu
Iioii, by the otMciso "f point m priinlrH
by il." It mu"! U- o tae, iei of n litfht
ihI linili-ienl nuture, rtn i.f u nature ilttn
frrtrnt lo llm yrt nt j.'ifpom- for wlm h the
' 'ilixliliiliii'i wiin e.l.il luhi .1. ntn be
u cum), im leover, md oIm ore ir dimbtful
in il (yii-ir ji llml, but pli.ni ami fmaUt.
Ltly, it uiu-l be i ime riot rciukihg
trnin ft (.jrinil t-otimdVroiion, or Jiwly tie.
leruiiiiiitioti j but u Com. tttii,iMid wubafi
TiTS'euiuuJiTtHtm end tfrHhrratf Ii'thi renee
It I l..l neC4:H.i I j , N'Ciia) I ho rvilulioi
liauotjt rwipiir" llml the que..(ion nlmu'd be
ilortiMt d, 'bow f'r the ivorciae of any pur
tiettl.ir Kiwer, Mr gry.tnt! by die Coii. lilj
iiim, would juatt'.v ii. Hilerpoait'.cn of the
I ulie .. it. A cin-4. mi'ht candy be
tili; I, M'.irli none wmild CCIltund niioht In
I. ill trt!ii !,i,t s, i ..iijon ; n.4. mi the
oilier li.i it. iiii o itn i miac Ik- !a-
led, Mi-lUvr t it anil n ilttit, fl' lo ijiite
every opini.. n i.i iil.it H ,( tiit ni within the
ilencrtj-tiiii.
Ibit the reii!iiti.ni t,:i- tj. r:c more tha i
ttilrd ilgilllixt Mil aron.-ltu tu n, h . Vire
l ret. nni(j lo cam- i f i iVrnfe, iiiki
A4'-;!tL." Hiir b-.Ihi"qi -Il ;rrTte
lie .tijec.i of ibe iiiitrlw.'iti hi wh'rt, j ,'i,M.
leiiiilu'e, l.iU a-ibdv thai nl drn:tiii! the
proreU i f tlie er.'f (,f iMiiip'itmn, nm! id !
inHinlitiiiMi llm until m 1(104, rights, and
hberlie-i, apja ruii-in to lite Ktntcj,
purtii lo the (?onati(ulino.
a
rintn ihia vianv of
fiiccivaoie itiat it can incur
any jiiit diip.pr(baitin "nt those who.
tavinir aairie mi tnometitiiry impie.ion,
and recoliiictin the genuine ifotircc. and.
onjocmnne l eiierai Uonatitulion, ahnll
Miidiilty uud accurnlely inierpret the uieaii.
tng of tJ?ene.rtf'AyJlJ-
lih
M'r.ite t'xoreim tif.daniiefiaua ixiwera, pal
hi -wii hmrt-y 1he-.t-'ntitulon,' '' ntl4
i j" otty -the imrtielfytl m iiiterpMiingv-
U.,tMy -'t t4pr'gia"qfth'g?ViTri
nl hereov'to nriNerve'" the Constitution
ifii-ll -i tvi'll an to provide fir the aafely of
in" inH'i'it in it, there would lie an end to
vini iron uarpeo power, amj a infect,
..uuveriiiiHt'ol tlie rights specified or reco
"rerV:
fJut it i' t.bjanid, ilmt the-Judicial nu'
,;'orif. miii he regarded as the aolo expos
u.r 1 1 the 'o'ik!,:ii!i.mi, in the las re ft;
ami i' rrmr-lis asked for what reason the
tW-JaraUott-by'lhe (Jeneral AssemUvi'sup
i'osi; it to 1 tiicetteally true, could lie
required at the present day, and in so so.
lemn a tnarifscr.
(m ihi objection it miaht be olwerved.
fnti ibai there mny be instances' of usiirp.
eu jHwer, wnicn me lorms ot tlie Lonsti
tutton would ncrer tlraw . within the con
trol of Ihe'JudJrial department; frrotutly,
that if the decision' of ther Judiciary be
raised above the authority ot the sovereign
parties to the' Constitution, the decisions
of the other departments, wot -carried by
the forms of the Constitution before the
Judiciary, must be equally authoritative
and final. with the deciions of that depart
ment. 1 Hut the proper answer to the oh
jet lion ia, that the resolution of tlie Gen
eral Assembly, relates to thono grout and
extraoruiuarif eases in which all the forms
of tho-Cotiiijliorr-mnT nrovr inefEc.tua
itHiiimU iiifrwetrnitsnteTlcrroua to the eseen
tiul rights of the parlies to it. Die reso
lution supposes that danerou powers, not
monls.
but
that the Judicial department also muy ex
ercise or sanction dangerous powers, be-
I viindJQi64ajjljfliiL'unaiilution ; nndrfttits" cMwIItEitton would be to transfmni
ctHiKeqnenily, thathe ultimate right of ihe
parties to the Constitution to jmle wlie.
yiolated, 'niust ext&ii to VKdatinrm by one
deiegaied am'horftyT as welt" As by auother;
tliy the Judiciary, as well as by tho Kxecu
live or tho Legislnture
J . lIoweyertroe,4hewC)re, h may 1 that
I .1 I...I:. :.l. .1. . ii. ...
lire rfuoiciai' uepannKMiijajmaij.
j ubiiiltleiI"Ti irW the forms ' of ho Consti
satmnneo to it ly the lorms ol tho Consti
tution, to deciJq in the last resort, this re.
sort must necessarily be deemed th4t
in relation to the authoritios of the ojcjf
depirtimjtet in
relation to tlio rights of tlie parties to tjio
Ifiwstitutional compact.lrom which the Ju-
dicinl as well as the other departments
hold their delegated trusts. On any other
hypothesis, the dulegrition of judicial po.nr
er wmild amiul the authority delegating il;
and the concurrence of ibis department
hi'Ii iIm oiliern in iinirped Mwcr, niiuhl
mibvert f rever, mill hevond the poib!o
reach of any ritflilfnl remedy, the vety
('uotniilioii ' which all were Mivliluied to
preserve, . ..
lieclared in the resolution
inc eliililinbed, lite eiedien'y of limiting
decl.iijiinm at th" preaettt day muy
i.f. ly be left tn the temperate rmiMdera lea,
l.m andrAndid jiiilumcnl of UK' American
nublie. ' It will be remembered, that a fre
ipienl recurrcnee to fiiiid.ilii:nta) prineiplc
t aolenmly eiijoinod by mont (if the Klale
('omgtuiMHi, and pnriiciilarly by our own,
n a nereisarv aitfi giiard auainat the, duo-
per of degeneriicy lo which Republic are
liable, aa wi ll aa oilier Uoverumvtiia,
though in a lea degree (hen otln r. And
a fair compnriaun of the polilienl dnctiiiea
n't uulreipient at the preaenl dny, with
thoae w Inch chn racier IwiJ the epoch ol our
Revolution, and which form the baaia of
our l(eMiblican CoitatltUliiMi, will be 'le
tarmtue Whether the declaratory n-cur.
mice here made lo thorn principle oufihl
to be viewed na uniiafMiable and improp
er, or a a ituilunl dm huue o( an imiort
ant iloty. The authority id (mtlituti m
over (loverriiiieiil, and of the aovereijjnty
of ho peopir over (.'onMitutiina, are trt'iih
which are al all time nercitary tn ho lo-pl
in mind ; ami at no time, perhaps moie
neceaiarr than at pp oirtV.'r
roi'BTII BKOMTI0!.
The fourth raaolution (tanda a follow I
'That the (lent nil Awcmhlf: doth al
epre it deep regret that a vpiril hao.
in umlrv instiince. been ni!!iilt'.lea by
the Federal (iovcrmiii nt. In rnlnrno ila
miwer. by forced construction of the coix
'iiutiona( character which deinra lhtm;
and thut iudii aiMMi have et'tieared c.f a Jit
Ktijn to tji.uiitl cerlsin uein rai pint);
(winch, InrwiiK been copied fiom the very
limited rant of power in the former Ar
lieleaof Confederation, were the Icua Iia
hie to be mivontructed,) ao a to destroy
the
meanius and J"
aafcaaaaaiaaiW aaiaajaar waji a, . T j . I I
wnicn necessarily tiiiiiima
and limit ihe eiiernl ph,rae, and ao lo
coijk.hJ.iio UtM Male, by cjepwajubuim"
'v"','',n,y-l lhaubvioutidewey'-eid irr
evituble f'teitll of which "would be totratia
(orm the present Republican viem J'the
I'nited Slate into an abaolulc, or a( beat
oiixed. atioitarebf" 'Cr-- fT'T,rrTTC-I7"
I ' ,t J 1 ' '
'VfrM quern (on here 10 ie confide red
ia, whether a irit ban, in aimdry in.tsn
c ms been manifested Tiy Hie Federal U.iv.
eriimcnl in enlarge its- ;Hiwer tlT f"ece
const rucltotm ol the rmistitiitt-iHl charter.
.Tbe Gmeiral" Aeseniblr,' liavinJiefclwt,
eti tiirtropiihon merely liv rcjrettniff 111
gniernl terms thai forc'4 coiwlrucLioii ljr
viiilaTjing tliia- tederl powers' tiave taReu
piece it does not appear to lie (Iohmbiu
Ut tto uUlii pee,tfi wltm tif
eveiv iiiHiitnceto uhich tlie ri tfilution uiay
ollude. The Allien soil Peilitmn'AcU be
ing particularly named in a i'tcrcediajj ff: J
swimon. Bra 01 courne i a Hmtecsiood
includedjii 'hJloflon. , OnilUill other
which Tiav less iicipml ptibbe-atMvntion,-
or oeen less eiietmTwrv. regariHHf ,.S..JMt;,;
eooatimt vmau tbo testdutieii may: be ' tire
a.m:c:l," lo refer particuliulyti tlelliwk
Law, winch," from the1 circuintilunce of
its -iiasxage, as well as tho latitude ol con
struction on. w hich it is founded, .titrike
the attention wub lingular force r and the
Carriage Tax, distinguiahed also v cir
cumstances in its history having a Similar
tendency. Thoee instances alone,, if re-
willing Irom toreej construction, aod cal
culated to enlarne Oie,j)ower of the Fed
eral Government, as the Committee cnn
not miI conceive-to lc the case, sufficiently
warrenL Ibis port of the res-dutiiHu I The
Committee have not thought it incumbent
on thetn to extend their a Item ion to laws
which hare been objected to, rather as va
rying the constitutional distribution of
powers In the Federal Government, than
as an absolute oulnryemcpt nt thorn ; be
cause instances of this sort, however im
portaut in their principles and tendencies,
do, not appear to full atriclly within the
text under review. ..-,,,.
The other questions presenting them
,are-Tl. . hetlier indieatioM have.
general phrases copied from the " A 1 tide
ot txvnleoe ration," so as to destroy the pf-
fcctof
Inyamilliiiiiinff. thme'iiiiviiiiMg w til
ther (his exposition would by degrees con.
eoliiinte-the States into one sovereignty.
3. Whether the tendency and reautt-iit
the republican shtem of ihe United States
into a monarchy. H .
; ThegenemT ph rasef hereof nieint,'
must be thoee "of providing for the corn
mon defence and general welfare.".
In the " Articles of (NMift:de)ration,M the
phrases arc used a lollop s.-iu Article VI I h
" All charges of war, and all other CKpe'ii
m iUat-eiwU -be-iTTrTTrrrdforTi te amnion
defence, and general ircre, und allowed
by the United Stales in Congress ansem
bled, shall be defrayed out of a common
JajtUJlkbiallM
several S'.aes in proportion tothe, value of
alLJaud wilbiu each State, granted to or
surveyed for any person, as such land and
tha building .ami. impravemeirts thereon
shall be estimated, aocordinr to such mode
as the. United .fitales, in Cigrt a.sM-m
ble4, shall Irofci, tuu ko time (Uiect : aud
ann.int.''' ; ' .
No 700
In the ei-tnij I ut.:no'Mii, iit) i. i.ki
I do iii;iuwiii(f irt i' teciioiii ''J',
L'ongUMi Uill have pcr to rav.and r4
lect laii a, HHlien, iinji.i, fSl'.tt.iik
fieyhfTtfliTTTIio'pfoVhTe TTT.ir ,lt nm rtMo
demme and rncral wtltue mi by Liond
riliitea.". . i
Tliitaimilnriiy iuil" im ol llieae ph aa ?
in the wo hpihi F 'einl chart r,
iniabt well be rooRidon d aa lembiinff "
their mcftiilliji lea liable lo b- miacolialril' ,
i d in Jbp Ijjltl l Ui Hitantt Will etavrct ly
le Mid that in the former 'hey mjp tvef
uiMlcmlood t'. lie eiihiif a eiieil f(riil iJ
jHiwcti.nr tuthoae the jcqiii.t .0, ,r bp
pliculmn of moiiey In the old LYnr" 1
ibe tfimuon Hefi im- ami, g eoerul w !mre, ,
i xtt H ig the ci , itliei werda c'io ra- -
ted, which eipUoied ami limii.U . tkfir
eamii ,. axl u 0'4O-Wia ln; I nuind
uM.aoiii .ii'iii u u iiiii.ii" piiia in 'no.
ery iiiatruii.ciit ri-i" d o rv.t r m mei- d by
the pica m Cooiiiititii'ii, il cun never 10
MjpMaed thut, when copied into I hi t on
alilulMHi, a dilli rent iiA'aiiin ouyhl lo be
allai Iim! to lh' ni.
I hat, uoiwiibaiaiidins Ibi remiukHbu)
eecuritj ag;uiit.i.lHirtriciiou, a m-Mn
lit inii intiit aita lo ji uikI ttiee 1 1 r j
ke ill the UiotllullMl on a lo rientroy the
t-lltici in I mi oerlHiilar ermuirratlon o now.
ir b wIih Ii it txpliiii. ami Im il . iin-m,
nwt beVf fnlietr-haWhe nbw'rv.iti'.ir rf
IbotMj who have uiteiu'ed ti.he Choi- of
puldic Irainaietiniia. Not Uf liiu tn.i. ( r
otl (hi luhjeet. it will uin e I . ri e'r lo Ihe
Ul'buie ot tin 1 cue ml l-C-i-Llnie, 1 1 1
wliiih arumtlita havi) -on 'oIk-h-hi ii ci
aioiit U-iMi drawn, with upp iiiiii ll 1 1,
IVi.ni theie piii ., iu llieir iinlt'limlo
O'Clillih. ,
. 'I tlwaf-indictfloti, unybt niii!';(,
wi.iMi4 Mim-mtVr, tt HfiniiT !tt'
nji l ii .iif.iciiircs b the bite K n i. ij of
tbo Troi. miry , nuiije on tin 5ii i.. i-cviiif
ber, 1 Ul I -Miidl.ie Rtp .r . ( iHeinilleaj
ofC ngir-, in J ii.u,,, , nUi. . im i,.j.
m4ton nt Ajrr t uiiutJL Ji ieV i.r-tf
,.l 1. 1 MM 'r
. .a a,. .
1.1H11 micitttiiin oJthe pi ttouv.1 Lt iu
Ti...fTa. iTT- .1. . . ' m
tiiKler I iia I iie-sjniiuti, rii.piiiioprtMiei n(
n.iajoy i m o-wiI" end-proper, ,. A tid liie
aeeiiut l" be no roontWw Uiauht Unii wIilU
ever conrerna thd .general iuitret of
ti in, and ol (riMifcai-a, are. walnu tb -
sphere, of llie Nai tonal ( oimcil, ui fur as
istier iu-poci, as-'Unie lite aetoe bill ndo
"f (werin lhjSatpia .Jwiurilatiiai sn--;
)uu u o ine-estcouragenicnt, of Agr.eul.
liiroj by. mcannul jietv-ii.ie ( sil.bu Ti."
wl. nt tite awot 4 Dfetmitiit -AiOtH-. h "z.
Iieithsrof thtafl Repuris may havt nieiv-
etHict,"Jet; 6u the'"otircrliniid,iiiecxiiaor. .
dinarytloctrine conteiiif h.,th ha? pa,
aed without the uli-lilcsi 6-wilue mark of - .-'
disapprobation frmB tlM!'iuitirjruf 't.-i w l.tcli "
ndlren'ord.-' - : , -.. . ,.;--;,-.r
v -fttwf Mfmr'llveVp'hraic
hwinatrmjinooM h'V-it'nr
rvUtiii.itj lU. -nornmoo tfcfiw afij-t :
erat wvll'urey as contended by Korfjvjr ev,
ery tiioati r:rtjy-in wbh-b tl ere hgl.t ls
atmppiication ofniut.ey, fJici' d l.y
the CUIIlionof others the eif.t;! uillsl MiUr
slantiliV.1i tUijaiiMtn arnv.inVI
import and firco oLlhe-inrlienrnretiuiVK r
aliiMi of powerawhii-ii blbW lh' o, -M.
rat phrase in ibcJL'ijn(juJtbir-'' For it ie
etidiiiit that lliere is not' n ' Minoj power
whatever which may tMjkoiiM-jiitjviar
ewwftrttwtioniljioitile or the gener
al welfare j fior a power of tiny mngmtiide,
which, o it eifcrcise, doe ot invrdve or-
admilanapilicati.Miofmiaiev. Tile Gov-' -
ernmepftlliereloie, utiirh Paease bowee
in either One or nthef of theae extents, is a' "
Government without the limitations form
ed by particular enumeration of powers f
and,ColiseQueiilly, the meaning and eflect
ol this particular enumeration is destroy e;j . 4.
by the cxpositiiMi given to these generul
pbraeeav r-v , , ' . , u-.-This
conclusiiMi will not be aflpcled hyf ? "
an attempt to qualify the power over tho'
M fnlinrfll avfllfllPA O hii r.lUM.;.... it . - , . , -
Khfiifc-tla go 'Wfrt-rrtSonTtno
reach ot uptratt prOtwj.His by the Udi.
vidMal Shtiei, utd leaving . theae their
p.ri-o.ciioiis in CUM to XlbJUwkaf
W VTOTiaiuiw, mayoecoIDpf.,:ct t 1,,.
i? beo
be-jrhr auiuoniy of the individual Stated
rmr
in ail cases be incompetent to gei emt re,
gulatiop opurainiji; throogjHhojvJilJtvibtt
UtHHHly-hBi70iTSfTSUjtOS would hn eV
lenoeu lo ttery oijeet relating U the go
ncraj wHfart;, which might, bv an owy,
hjli'jriM fovil;r1iyile ral'uii
Ihority. Thi " qimlilS ing cont(.H tion
therefore, w.uild have little, if any. tenden
cy to circumscribe the.powei eHitteaJ.
der the latitude of the tetins' gnnwaj Vjj.
.it...... .
TJirlejndir-etmrtiTHnnr
cxpreoeion; both in the oiijjinat MjMi exist
ing l ederal compact, amiears to. thoCinV
nmtte to obvhu to U n,iMken. t '
m
both': lh Oificri'.ua la -i.ll.: liji.ia-.mwanMlu-iiili.IKi' tall
vide oitaief for the co,,,lnor;HW
gentrel ?elfarj. In x,U, U stddobld t.-
1111a autiiortiy ail nunte; alio; 1 of llie CiSe
10 w men mcir pivt r ahall' extend Mo
nef camirtt lie epi iied in the itWrar !.'
fyrtr otlierwke thai, b, , ap,jc-r,oii oTtt -
"" i-'rnrvinr nuaMiie conduc ive to
llie. .goiwrat- vcltgrev" Wheneei, there. 1
ire, ; iejlas boon rawed by Uo gener.'
.t:M
J f:
...