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THE WESTERN CAROLINIAN.
imp
Vol XIV-J 0. 48.
SALISHUHY....SATUI)AY, MAY 3 1831.
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PROSPECTUS
or THK
JYorlh Carolina Republican
IS i Government ltk ours, the prewrvation of Ijbrr
if dr pi-ixla, mainly, n giiieral dtrTUinoa of correct
indrmatHXi among tlie pTe. If ihr pintle be ign
nnl of their rights, Imw ran iW f uurd uVin again
rmr chu-nt ) hir fisvfnlhi r achwvid frvwksn at
llw price of linlrli bluml and tn-ssure, and tvc.tlirir auns,
rn prmme it Mtif by enlighti-ned watchfulness. A
latelhgfiice and vigilance am our grt-l-t safeguarda,
igourance and apathy ar Die anurcaa of the niarf
(iajitr. " I'ower mi a I way sttwling from the many to
iv fcw," anJ tli nil mi is, that lite man; slumber
fiilf the fi w are mil-filly at work. Sit free people
vir yet lueir liberties by opin bmuIIs, but many
lic lt Idem by secret encnauhiui'iiU.
ljfKrsncff if.ti Jbe pi-ophj levels another evil,
which, above ail oilier, u the bane of the Ancient
lii xiliiira ; that rv.l w .MAVWOIUSIIIF. History
MH-rn us, Unit, whrev.- msn-wmditp taka root, thro
jolilirjl virtur die, and anfilkl fuctiou spring up -it
cirntpU the principle of Liberty, u lilolatty dors pure
Rein? ion.
When our forefathers cxlablwhed the present tarn of
(lovernment, they Midly hopnl that we wmild esrapc
t ii' fule of turim-r Republics, arul,umr the w checks
ami guard of a written CoiiMitiition, enjoy, thnsigb all
t me to come, the oWunable Mewing of FreeJoui
lint now, at the em! of tlie ulairt period of tirty-aix yrart,
r. Kiit ik our coalition ! We have already readied an
aUrnuiiff crmii in our politiral arflum, the very pnn-cii'l'-x
of liie CuiKJtutiun are in imminent perd. . We
ru tu tie- uiuU of a revolution, aikot, aud aa yet Uood
Init tdl np.d in itn prmftm, the bariera of the
'(HMtituiion are bmlu-n down and trampled in the dunt,
all tlie powers, whether of the aword or of tlie punr,
are ronrcntratinsf in th1 Pederal Kxenrtivr; and even
t'im;rnm it.vlf m oubtr:pfwd m the rweof usurpation.
It M tlm Cr th penufo la txke &um their pt&,
ami to look to Ih.-ir nlit if they dumber much longer,
thi-y will awnke ton Inte their Government will
rhunjed, and their I Jbrrtiea pne.
For the purpoxe of aidinff other paper in the Stale
in diiruaian curxuel infuriiuitKjfi amoiu; the people, and
to trcu-e Uh'iii to a Mne f tlieir danger, it u prupiMd
tu punlmlu at thr Ofnee of the " Wwtern Carolmian,"
impi'r under til till wlinh tlauda at tho h(d of thia
i'rotipcctua to be pruiLod on a larjfe ure aoeet, in uo
tuvn form, of Billion prr, eornnpuiKlin in aize with
tlif - Kxtujmer," edited in I'hiuulnlpiiia, by Condy
fUtfUet. .
L Tte $uctk Ctraliaa RrpvUtta will advocato the
dnctriue vl' lire uliLHcuuuiicaa prt, m toaM by Jot
frrnm and hui.coiupnlrwU of 17lH
'L It will advocaU' the pijKiplm of Fret TnUc, and
oppuw nil jysic .i.s oruffcKircs, wntcu trnvc ii-uutucj
to tax the innny Fir the nenrflt of the few.
. jno.at. uad advouituoll rt-ajiujiablt' u!&na Lit the unj'iruve-
if tnc itsttrsl aiiJ imiicowiiUiaWortit Caro
Ima ; anrt. with a riew of enlightening and rnconrapnig
ouruHii ritizeiiby tli exiM4e of UMfs, pain will be
-titen to www wfirt rmr n.erwatf hjfc ilotip, ma
nrc doirnr, in Wiirknof iinuruvemenL Uefiil HUitiMic.
' fcoflhtcted vith Hie trreat mtenmarof the rltote,-Apt-
enltnnl.l ommcrcml, xnd Mmeral,wUl be procured and
punltrtied lit the KpuMicaA
-A aurtioBfli atck ulrJ.tonpioi with
important C'oii(rreMional and !il,it.vi' protHliii
I'nriii the time tho bodiut iuuy be' in ataaiuu ; so
w.th tile lUnt and moft luU'nwtini; news of tlie day,
firi;;n anil domestic, and with ich uiice!lnneoun mat
ter m mav prove interesting to tlie ffeturnl reiwsr.
ft. The question of ConXf ntiim, t4ua.xk& Cun
stitntion, has for tliirty yearn divided tin' poople, and ar
med one section of the Htate iniinet theotlier; and, as
a luxeKivy umatuuenca, hii prevented, the micco of
many menmiren vitally important to the honor and prow
perity of iMorth Carolina ; and, until netlknl, it will con-
tiuui) to do ). It i not doubted tut both parties are
- kiwwe d hootot in t)t4r vtewt -""J the reasrm -why
7--liey havw vlony rfiffi'm, t,'thtitiieither party Iws ever
Jet been made fully acquainted with the jtwt pretennions
uf tli other ; ebw tliisdrntnic'tin queotion w.mld, ere
now, have been amicably adjimrd.-- With thr view,
tli'Ti-fore, of giving to all tlie opportunity of " lieannjr
b"lh Kidps," it if arcc-tl to lay before the public, in the
p of the R publirrin, the argu.aeuU (or and ,iiii.-t
fir m'iuura ; an.l, tlmt tin ah.iil bedoue impartially,
it Will io so provided, tint t'lP argument on oho aide
hhitll he preeented, by WeHt(irn, and on tlie other by
Jiistern men. Nuthiii'f more efloctually prevents lilie
rai lejriwlat ion, than wxlwna divisiiAts and local jealou-fcies-they
distwet the ii(ie mitt, Tind derojr thst
conimuiiityjuf anijonity ol'ftctjon, ?o ,ejwntil to
t.'iw micceH of ail scheme of iniprnveinent, whether
p!iyiclortnornL - Krery real tViend.nf North Carolina
' iimst therefor-? wish to see all cause of such divwioiw
prul jealouaieii removed, and to hail the diy which sliall
ll onf; ynfip. rtrt'n tiyrther for tlic yi
Slid proxr;ty ol the Klute.
6. In.the proper seanon, correct tables of tho Trices
Current will be regularly given.
TERMS:
Tho North Carolina. Republican will be published
somi-nionthlv, tlmt in, on the first and third Monday in
-each month, duriii" the period of one year only, unlet
iRMroiuiee jwa Maw&xaio dinJinlita coatuiuaacc.
Tt-.-L i ...Tn ij ' ..lf.. ...
so that at the end of a year each fmbrilier will have a
volimie of US pugen filled with interesting and useful
nnttor.
The price of siihyiption is Onk Jixab, in all cafes
to be paid in advance..
Tho 1st No. will appear on the 3d Monday in MAY,
should. Jbfc sii&eription list justify the publication.
, As the object of the pvAA kation is.not to make mo
riy, but to support the rights of the people, an appeal
is now-made to the friends of Constitutional Liberty, to
interest themselves in procuring subscribers.
AJ1 who may be pood enough to prorure suwcriliera,
. will, by the finrt day of May, communicate to the Pub
.J'5het.tli naim to. procurci flsiaiojijia nmtf'iH
their hnds tiutil notified that tho paper will certainly
be published. ' - ' ' .r
fTAH letters nd Comm'mitions mnrt acWre.
"eTfTttiirraium
Iwbnry, N.C.; where they wu'H be promptly attendinl to.
Jiimary l-'th, Wi
INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS.
AN-AlIKKH3 to Ynr n:orLE bf NORTH
. CAROLINA,
Written by th CtnLnU Cotnmitte ippoioud by tJ
CuivetiUm which aaomhlod ia Baleigh u Nmcin-
brrlaat
Ho much Intcreji ha bon eiprewyf, thmuRii
iIki l'rr and otherwiw, in the pru-aeJmg. f ih
Convention whkb nirt at ttte Heat of Government
ia NovemU r hot, fur tlie purpuaa of uV liberating
oa tl iMMli4iiry of imiwinj tlt transportation
of tlie Httite, tluil it ia altmikt unnecery to call to
vuur imKicv the fact that by a H evolution of thai
My, their I'reaiileril wan aulhoriaed to appoint a
(kmiiiiitlec of U-n, to diwemiiuita uifonnalmn on
thfl Milf Tt of Internal Iniproveinent, and to puhliith
an Addrewt. The appotiitnieiit of that Committee
hat been made public, and in performance the
duty jtven in charge to them by the Conventual,
lliey renjieclfully ak of tlieir Fe bWCitiwna tlieir
erioua fxntwileralioti to a wII meant atleuipt to
bring before them in a pLiin and uiijr-t'iHlin
manner the raiiwa of the admittted dVprried nn.
dition of the indunlry of th Htate, and tf the re
medy, from which in the opinion of the Convention
(and of tlte Committer) relief may be rinected
Aa lha Hihyert ia of vrtnr eonreni rn ynarfrtve,
and ai it ia inconceivable that the Conventini ran
have taken uixm them the trouble and repitiihili. I
j vi iH-TiNiii; oikj roconinK'iiuiiijr a plan lor trie
improyemeiit tif iur inland trannport, from any
other motive than the common gt, it in h..M-l
that no apology will bo ueceaMry fur tho domand
now miule on your tinie and attention.
Tlmt North-Carolina, with an ettenmte trrrito
ry, with a fine climate, with eqiiaj and jim luwa,
with a iiiimcruua ami will lliji iit anil moral aiul in
diudrioun peoble, ha neither the internal pro-peri-ty
nor the xlitical inlluenre which would wh-iii to
be tlie necesNary reultf of thme natural and norm!
advantajre, none can deny. More thnn a century
and a half has pwd away "inec th wttlemetit of
thin Country iy our anreatora, am) bat improve
merit hua beoa made in the rewNinn hjh! wealth of
the State T Wo have in the cure of events, after
a Tonjj tml Moody wRr,"witn"3rcHf'rory T'T'our"
aelvea effected a separation fnun th parent r-ir-try,
and become a free and inuVpcouVut Suie, un
der a written Conntitution which aecuren to ua civil
and religious freedom. 8inre our indejienihTice aa
one of th United 8tiife, vee have attained in an
uniaralelled short time the rank of a fir rate
Power. We have little reaaon to expect a foreign
war, and nothing to fear from it, and we are secure
in our property and persona by our written Conoti
tion,' from any exaction or opfircsnion under llm
laws, or. uuder colour of thcov aud iu our love of
frwdom and public spirit we have, we trust, a sure
riinlirtiof froth any WtVni4"oi our liln rtTea iw
coiittinpt of the laws. It is surely a Fiihjnct of
bonet priuV and of sober gratulation tlial wtr are
a free peojle j and, belnV so,' we oujlit to be what
fat.HfCcalJnaiihaiapa and
imderttimrriTid thcrr
of our population, in what do we difler from our
gnee4ora 1 We have flic. aame. nolle -domaiu,
the nmfl benignant dimrife ; tut what have we
done for oueselves7 What moimmentwin tbe nse
fttt or fine arts ; what Cities, what lar'pe Towns,
what ilarbours, what Canals, Roads, and Bridn ;
what Literary or Humane IiRtrrntiens; what Hfpi.'
taltt, what public libraries, what CoPees or
Schools, what Ijiterary or fctentific works, have
we to he proud of? Not only is our foreign com
merce, but our very coasting trade is carried on in
a great mca-aire by veg owned and rwvitrnted
by tJiet?ie"iis'(C1iiuFsJSe'r States. We'Save "no
mercantile marine beyond few miserable coasters,
and a few keel and steam boats of inconsiderahle
bnrthen and value for our inland trade, and some oft
these are owned in a neighboring State. W e have
iJiothiug thai deserve the name of jnanufaciurea.
N (r changing 4he value of. uia raw
materials are in use among us, except those eflwtcd
r ither by nmmml labor or by n,Mbitier 0
simnle.t arid commobest rreonstrik:tl6n.--rlour
ine and saw mills and a very, few Paper nulls,
and machines for spinning coarse cotton thread,
constitute the total of our manufacturing establish
ment. Our ifrria ltiire, on which the whole of
our labor has bew expanded, is fur, very far, from
lieing much distinguished fir practical skill or
science. The hinds fvf the hist thirty years only
have rjeen, in wmie parjsf trie State, wrtt tilled j
but no system of a rotaitoo of crop or oS manuring,
by which the lands might be maintained in their
original fertility and nroductivenees, has ver been
attempted. Far less has it ever been thought of
year moro productive
m nrrvhirtive.
JVith a total absence of commerce, of rnnrrafue
lures, and amler a defective system of agriculture,
in it Mirpriaing that there should be little accumu
lation of capital among us except in the increase of
our Slaves ? Our Lands have had forced from them
a support of our white and coloured poptilatjon,
It will be understood by the Public in presw'ng on
their attention the want or IJterary. Institutions,. tliat.
the Cnivcrnity cf North Carolina is not fonyotton by us.
WiUi all who love the State, we remember with plea
wrn4 ktiwWgehl
due to tlie Trustees and especially to the Professors of
the University for the benefits they have conferred on
the State. To their praise be it mentioned, that they
havemanifbated a dw-otedncss worthy f the ewi cause i
in which they have been so long engaged with so little
profit to tliemselves, and so jrach to their follow-citi-tens.
They have, not only with np sympathy from onr
public men, but atnirwt every discouragement, accom
pltfhed. much pood w ith little mestja. . ,
We refrr with pain to tlie neelect of tliose' who, by
thtCuuatitulionvs r? entrusted with rte saere djfj of
providing f public instrtiction, and Tnly for the pur
pose of exprewing the hope and belief Uiat, ere long,
thev will extend an effective patrenaM fo tlie Universi-
ty. . I'hey may then Ciitablwi a jiTfrrjiwcd"TJraTir
had been an early) claim to being tlie promoters of use
ful k'jruing among . .
itiMiut ny view lo aa increased consumption, and
boa they would no longer support us, our fidlow
cttitnai, with their children and aUtra, without
waiting (or the alow but certain approach of pover.
iy, nave, wweiy tiienucivea, and, under present
circumstance, Cirtunately l,t ua, aouidit compe.
tency or wealth in the C-rtile and wild lands uf the
Yeat atid 8guUiwfiaL.k ia CoufiMMidlv tlie rreal
and crying evd of the Bute, that our labor (the
umij aounw oi wemnn i is unproouruve, ana thai
Uicre ia a couswiuent want of Capital I.r tlie nur
posea of commerce, manufuciures, and agriculture,
A OKt striking proof of this ia to be found in the
history of our llanks. For many year we have
bod 13,200,000 of Banking Capital in the harvU of
jomw stoca CfHnpames. I he eliarters oi these com
panies are ju4 exHnng, and one of them cwi bat
applied for a renewal of the art of incorporation ,
and altbiugh tlie Legislature have granted to new
Companies very favorable eliarters, it is doubtful
wltethcr the slock will be subscribed, so aa to ai
low any one of them to go into operatim. If tlie
lock of the Bank of the Ktafe be taken to an
amount which will eutillo the aubacribers to cUim
coquMte rights, it will be the only one of the
inn-e uanas u wtnen charters are ohVroU, that
will le able to raise a capital, and lki$ Bank will
jiM have more than 'K0,()0(1 of tha llOOOOUuf
t k which it is at liberty to employ. Now there
can be but three ways of accounting fiiMhe disap.
pearaiK-e of so large an amount uf oar lUaking
Cupitsl : either it hs been withdrawn fruto the
buiiM-Mi of making ns on interests, and vested
in proTty in this Htate which with the same risk
will yield a larger profit than ha been heretofore
made by Bfliikinjr orations; or, secisMlly, it must
be mippwd that owing to the diminished profits lo
Iw made on the cultivation of binds, that persona in
wife circumntuices cum hi! aflord to pay six per
cent. fr loans to any larjju amount, and that
either feaer discounts will be mnde, or rink of Iom
nn thoao made will be greater than heretofore, o
thnt the nett profits of Banking capital will be here
after less ; or, thirdly, the capital mut liave gone
to other Htate, where it is expected to be more
productive. It will be foreign to the iHirwwe of
Libia Auurtai la purine tliiaiopic.lurthtx thAn lo
lnw from it that capital is at once scarce and un
productive, and it is only necessary to say that
their is no business now followed in thi State that
wjl give a profit at all equal to that formerly de
rived from Bnnk fWk, and thereloro tho 'first
cause supposed has no effi-cl in withholding csititul
from the new Banks, and it is solely ascribublc to
the other two, and principally to the latter. It is
but. one more mehtncholy proof of the depression of
tlie profit of labor and capital among us.
It were alike nnwise and unfeeling in us thus to
exrotliewkijtwf r native Isjf l, if it were
rt nrcessary to trace our rualaJKut to llH'ir reme
cniises, that thty may if posulilo be run-d. As
tlict c:iu-s are well understood, aiul generally ail
mittel,'if will' be n'lfficHiit for our"peerr argu
fieillj t ciml U luiiror outi aud lo tKlitU out Ummo
ohly flt.1t are. liKrinTpJirtatifT'
wf-W-wL.) jjwhu. disJvanta- ia wUhout
doubt' the peverty of our Laikl. Scattered over
our territory and ewieciiilly on our Rivers, wo luAe
tracts rf hnrhrrfyurpn.ryj-fl.jitfity but'tbe gete.
ral clmracter of our noil, if not absolutory storilo, is
at MX cliilrliili aild uratcfuV nuiLiiig very-waa'
ty returns for the labor expended on it. The tt
rimi cau.se of the diniiiunhcd .atid i iniiJiiiihiii pro
fit'of our lidVir the low price of our great staple,'
cotton. Tlie wouderful ..improvemeuui made in
machinery for tlie ginning of cotton, and convert
ing it into thread and cloth by diminishing the price
of fabrics made from it, has increased the con
aumpliou of them many rrrosand Ibid beyond what
the most sanguine imagination could have anticipa
ted thirty years since. Tlie demand for the raw
,0a.toml. bna of course been increased in exact pro
portion to the consumption, but great as that is, and
although constantly increasing, the plant is capable
of being grown in so many latitudes, and over ao
large a portion of the eTth,"lhat the Arfy has
more than kent nace with the demand. The ne-
price, ak
though subject to many fluctuations, has eventually
irreatlv declined. This has fallen with more weight
upon us because of the more, limited and costly pro
duction with us than in richer soils and wanner
climates, and especially in the States south and
west of us. The' more Southern States, from the
strength of their aoil and the adaptation of their
climate to the culture, of cotton, with less labor, re
ceive a much greater Mum from the sere than
ww drr, nd of rmer staple r and of e rse-are-bk
to sell to the manufacturer at a less price, with
greater profit. From the great law of exchange
able value, they can receive nothing from the ma
11 . . 1 1 .i . i... - . ..I.l I
labor, and we, who enter mto competition with
them, must of course be content to sell what cost
us more, at less price, and must necessarily receive
less profit. But as we make larger profits on the
culture of cotton, than we receive on other exports,
wc have for a succession of years constantly tn-
creased out production. uS alOifflighut idutt iaasuwdly, if Jmy thiug may fee affirmed as being
the. culture has enabled us to lessen the costs, the
little profit we are aide to realize, from it is tlie
nwwt prominent cause of the depression of our labor.
The third cause arises from the cost of transport-
infc-ourp roduct to a-rketr-bwt.-r4Vr
which flow from the West to the Sea, throughout
the State, are interrupted in their courses by falls
and other obstructions, so Jhat Jthey dgjioJc!rni
of InlanJ trn
mouths. This evil is the greater, as the stages of,
the'eounf ry are generally of great weight and bulk,
and when they are brought to market a considera
ble part of their value consists in the cost of their
transportation and in very many of them, of the
easiesLproductiofl. Bn4 iri the greaiest demand, (fcr
instance, wheat and Indian-corn made in the tmd
die and western counties.) the cost of transnorta-
tiwi is o great that it amounts to a total prohira
t ion of flip export. Tlie cost of import, from the
sarao catuc, jt is apparent, beari heavily on rrrnny
bulky articles necessary to a suceeWul cultivation
of the anil. An xotImuuiI pnee is paid (r salt in
soma eoontiea, and eveu Cr Iron, tUa undlt-r;.
aary of all the gifu of nature to the prosecution of
agricultur and lbs other useful arts. Oypum and
lime, to essential as manures, are altogether out of
our power, from tb bifb pnew of carnage Tuts
third cause, the great expense of tranjirtatiiT, as
it is very obvious, is one of the greatest obstacles
to the creation of wealth Ia bia Mute.
11m fourth and last to be mentioned U the want
of MM ot mora safe sea-ports within our limit.
The pHMths of our sounds and rivers are In almost
every instance obstructed by sand-bars and sIkwJs.
It is admitted that good ports would be of greai
advantage, to us, and ret, with defereoca lo tue
of our ittizona who bold thr to be the prime dv
starw to our improvement, ws apprehend tlait more
importance has been attached to Ibis want than be
kmgs to it It is not doubted that a sea-port is al
ways of value to a country, and that it is of the
greatest consequence where it forms tho access to
a fertile country ; but that it is not of the highest
value in itself, without a back country to support
it, is, we think, very apparent from the present
state of the town of NorMk, Virginia. It is un
doubtedly one of the finest harbors on tho Cotitl
ko, if not, wnder art wrearrirfanCes; T?w very bist
snd yet, though Norfolk is as old as most of the
large cities in the Union, and has of lata year re
coivej a great deal of patmnage from the General
Government, it is a town of not vary high rank in
point of poputal ion, and does not, we believe, much
almond in capital. A little attention to the history
uf the large commercial cities at home and abroad,
will show that they are the eoocomitants of a sue
ceWul state of niiumforturos and agriculture, or
that they have been cswequent i them and that,
uideas in a few instances, where they have enjoyed
a carrying trade, or been eonnectoo with fisheries,
they have never preceded agriculturo and ouum
fkctures. These causes are, without doubt, sura
cient for the ef!ita ascribod to them, whichever of
them be most important. The mtm a foreign
trade and of manufactures, and tlie exiM'woe of an
unskilful hiuhaiMlry, are sufficient to depress the
iudustry of any pcoiikvandinuat fiiMitioue to.klTP
it depressed unless tliey can bo removed or coun
terbalanced. Though difficult, It is by no. means Impovihle,
to find a remedy foraH these evils. During the
century and a half wc have been a political com
munity, we have done something tor ourselves on
dcr .'ho weight of all these disadvantages, and we
can, il we will but resoire on an united anu conti
nued effirt, triumph over Uiein. We are not with
out the means of making a complete change in our
agriculture, which, as jt is the natural occupation
f -our capital and mdWmahonld bar our first and
chie Mnf. If we have the will,. we have, very
certainly, abundant aJiilitftn ninlte this changti.
We htue, as has already Ism said, an extensive
territory ; which, though heretofore it has hot af
(Lnlod much spare w"callh, has" auiiportcd a large
BnrMitsrks1tncmirofr.- Our Tahts, iTnor rich; are
Aja itooeleaeiy alcrile but thai, by .labor and ca
piUl judiciously applied, they may be nude pro
ductive. If once we can improve our soil to an
eqrtaltry withtbatofournei5ihors,we msy.coimter
balance thoir advantages in the growing of cotton and
oflicr sbplcaVTiv Icssuiiuig Aid coat of otu Iraiispbrt
to market. If we can thus greatly increase the
value and aniount of our agricultural products, we
will acquire a capital in lands' aiid money, and at
no very remote period be able to commence manu
factures, for which we hava great aptitude, especi
ally in tlie mildness of our climate, the cheapness
of provisions, and the water-power which is af
forded- by mr-rvefs wnd-thwr trtbMwry stream-
Our agriculture being Treed from its embarrass
ments, we may even' attempt, with a fair prospect
of succcss,'the improvement of cu ports, and the
commencement of a Rtreign commerce from thorn,
or perhaps, what will be more feasible and equally
profitable, an active coasting trade. Our first step
to improve the wwwrree of the fihawdtwrease
our nrofits, and thereby to create or to enlarge our
capital oiiigt be lada-Ja-leUeruig-ouf agficul
ture. Our extetit of territory, a large proportion
of it yet covered with the native forests, invites to
the cultivation ot the soil. 1 he predilections of
our peonle are for a farming life ; their skill and
capital, ever since the settlement of the country.
have been turned to it f our mferesw, our tncUna-
nations, and our habits, have made us farmers, and
will keep us so, . It is alike theresiilt of rmrnata-
ral situation and tlie dictate of Suund sense, that
our whole- energ ies should be directed to the sub-
doing our wild lands to the dominion of the Hough.
When we have a greater capital, acquired ironi a
successful cultivation of our lands, than can be nro-
ponuuirion begins to grow larger than can find
room for a gainful industry upon their native fields
if we are a prosperous community our excess of
capital arid labor will be turned, under individual
enterprise, towards niechanioal employments and
foreign trade for advantageous occupation. Hut,
beyond contradiction, in regard to our present con
dition or future prospects, it is that we are, and
must continue tor not less than a century, chietly
if not exclusively an agricultural people. Nor let
itbs4Uowvtr-a
whK-n man earns a sutMistencc, or jooks tor prom,
it w the. most primitive, and (notwithstanding much
mlsrcprosritatioo ta the crtrary) srwwg tl roots:
profitable and peculiarly favorable to health, to in
nocence, and to happiness to the cultivation of
the domestic and public virtues to make us good
men and disinterested patriots '
All premature attempts to make us either f
reign trader, or mechanics, will not only certainly
lauV&s.we have neither .acquired capital or natural
fitness for these occupations, but are trnt even desi
rable, a nothing is to be seined, oi;!, r in toint of
wealth or happiness, .by abandoning .'our present
pursuits. 'v Foreign trade, mechanical indt"try,Knl
tho cliltivatiofl of the soil, as sourc;- !' u iiiunal
-;--sv-.r .-i:;-i"v '.
'wealth, have each fuuiid, at difterent p-ti.h and it
duJbreuf countries, its advucales, who luv- eMi.Iled
Oil fVuurils"tir'uh, af tW xjs W'f "fuV A)wt '
two i and on acrmiut of its suiptHd promiuence,
bare claimed fnxn Government biuili'-a f r its
ncouragemeut or duties lit its protncti -o. We
must not be UislrrNtood so to advocate s'n-'Jiure. '
All these three sources of wealth" ar !,.!. r upof""
by us as being in themsHvra on a perfect truialrty,
and tliat one or the other, or all (' them at ce,
are to be followed hy any psoile, according to the
means they havt, by oatuiw r art, IU a suvcajid
pursuit of them. We art of the number of tho!
bo Wieye it best that Individusls should be left
by Government to Cdlow their own inttta, sod
that in gene ral nothing more is necewwry f r tho
protection of industry, than cual laws and aa ,
economical public expenditure. An exception ia
of necessity to be made to the doctrine c non-in
terference on part of the Government, where there
ia some euterprixa Cr the public welfare, of surtt
magnitude that it requires the wealth and credit of
the State to, carry it into rlloct, or some obstacle
of such difficulty that it is obviously mil within
the power of individual capital, or tlwt of private
association, to remove it, rVtch, we think, ia the j.
case with us it preacnL. - We Miere flint h. lung ;
less than the wealth and credit t'e who'n State,
at the disposal of the projde themselves, t'lMugd
tlie Ueneral Assembly, can so improve our i.iland .
transport throughout our whole' limits,' aH placf
our industry on a level with our competitors in
other States.
Il has been the practice of all wise Ruhm, ta
make works, of National importance, at lie com
mon expense. Fortifications, Navies, Pi rts, and
PuUtc ways, and many other things, in tlieir ns-
ture of gtnent iutcrost, have ever been ijiposrr"
to be within tlie proper care of the Gv.-riuiicnt
Even our imperfttct system Cr making and ropair
ing Roads, has been, and now is, strictly w pi'lJiu
concern. Our highways have been, for their more
convenient adjuiiuxtration, considered as pari of
tlie county police, and placed under tlie rare of the
County Courts ; bnt t has, under the direction: of -puMic
functionaries, thy are as much subjects of
LsrjycnisTLcare u iL Ihcy wcja directly ciidrotofl-,
by the uenrnu Assembly. '
We will now inquire how far our industry wouli
be beneflttec by the adoption of a system of Inlcr
nal Improvement 5 fir it is by no moans, assumed
by us that National wealth will follow, under all
ctirnmstanees, from thn makbig of Caiuits or Rail
Roads. Gain or loss will flow from an expenditure
of labor on these works, as in all other easee as
the works themselvee rriaT be Ttecrled .or.tiinl
may be well or ill planned and exocutod, ior de
the Public, aa has sometimes hue errnnmoHly im.
glued, veiilure urH a pubTi work ism)!! ferine :
than air tnchvidttol dors m a pritite one. It has T
been thongrrt, hrwomerthar as the dfrzen1 U'wlif"
for his labor and materials on the puWic. work,
that even if tlie w irk "does not Vpuy',' there has'"f
rsy been a IniMfer, of cjumUIJimi the , G ttait j'.
limit to the citizen, and no joss. But this is a ve
ry maiilfrst error. There-s.Hi-slMutr tors
labor and materials to iust the amount which ia
not repaid for the labor and materials migiit have
been applied to a work thnt trpuld '&3W reiiuLuiaCii' "
thrm bjr its orofits, with iuterestl aiid the jHiblie -..
having paidMlfiemoiiiuaa tlriri, km lostZjz
them.. It is not otherwise with an individual, if
he has work dne, he paye lor thr Inbnr fiitJ" jrial
terials, aiid Ke wWi&e tlie tabof aiiij '!; the
materials, being paid, is no loser. ' So, if the pro.
Crietor has in tlie work snmef hin j thht wilfh-py
is expenditure .with a reaionaUo profit, ho ia sad- j
but otherwise, if ho has not, he has incurred a i
arisorutr foe r rtTTTT" T- 'V "
It is impossible, from the want of statwticttl in-.. .
formation, to make any' estimate of the amount
paid by the citixtan offiih Canilina, or' a:y' ' ;
particular district in the State, In nsmey or kbor, -
for inland transport; and therefore, it cannot bo'
ahown what will le the saving eficted by an v Had."
Road or Canal Uiat has uu proposed. Nur can
it be comectured what will be the incrHe of prct " , '
utietioo-irousucb Road or Canal. Tim import- 1
am information can only be obtained from Surveys . ,
find Renirtsmad 'uiidor Leglslutive ei.actnrut,
and at the public expense. ' But, in the iImcim of
such useful knowUxlge, actually denied us by our '
last Legislature, we are not -without fucts, both ai
to flie eject of improved ways iit other countries "
and this,' to show tharwiDar'expsct the jgreatOht r
adj-antagea froni the iuiiiroveinent of our means of
transport. We know that almost the whoio rjour
produce from the- middle and weirfem eouutie, n -carried-by
wagons from the furm oi which it is
grown, to some town in this State, or pioro p tie. ;
rallym another Stntoarrewihle to river houU or . ..
'tssii vessoTs ihsl M there w deiivercd to 5T
Commission Merchant, to be sent to a more favor
able market-This carriage over lund is exceed,
ingly. expensive, because only very liht weigM
can dc arawn ai a very stow pice over our til uuiw .
roads. Ine cost of the wagons and teams cm
ployed in transportation in ourjmlcrnanJ--Bwdlle , '
'Couritie,Ts riot a ii-jlifVum,' but it is a mere trifle
to what Is expemkd in tho st.(jMrt of tho horses,
and the hire and support of 'the men employed, m .
our miana carnage.- ji nncstntiHteeotild tienuide
of expenses, we do not he.sitate'to ledieve tlmt th
a H- . y u
m an improved aystiim of Public ways, w..ul. lo
siient to make nil tho Rail Ro,,di tint hnvci
been prceted.Oiir fitttrVrn pi'-opfi' ate 1.. r ,yj
they have very generally water carrin;je, nnl jt
it has been .shown, by cale.ul.it ion, tlmt iho imbistry
of a few nnt-rn Cmmfies is taxed, amittfUly, to
the l'irw .nun of 1 3:r,tHift, in Aiiys, and nverro.
miiiir, by lihtoraire, &c, n single- olilruction. In
i
'i mituii- fin tne expediency ot imofui iny nr
country by niskm lan.1 mj w ater eft rriLi
i i i i . i . 1 " V
ijiiici
mi etisv, it tias ie;n u-iimi to miun a e
between this State ami New York, since the ci,',.
tin's; fif her grain! canal, ami lx-tween this .';. ,!(
and England, in tlm prtent liijlily iiiij-r. --s . '
irisprotiiijcoiidifiort yf ht r Li"!m',ijsil,v-t, ; -
'i.-nnuri.wi