. I I , , ft'.i-i 1 ! IO-
l l ' ! I J' i f I it Ml-
e ( "! ;i n:.iv c " 1 1 -,
to iiijurove-iii-nl, find
iej-:ts the uv fui,
ii lii W". w .
..:r:.i:;:3 of -mil caliioun,
: ? utii CsruIL'iD, on t'j eugrottnc'iit of tie till Sir
: j ia: t tin pr.cc of
PUBLIC LANDS. . " ...
Mr. G&lhoun said j, I have .tin desire, Mr. Presi-
-il, l retard, in the Stii'tUest degree, Mie fiil'ii
lii of the Senate cm t hi bill; mid in fr Jf to
-tu tuiiiecns-irjr consumption of time, 1 intend
sMto, m csK'ieio!y possible, my view of th
:ir Mlicy to be pursued in reference to the pub
c ,'arjd lying within the limit of the .near States;
nJ my. reasons for' voting against tJift tiiigrut3f.iiitt
f ii.. i;it. : .v..: - -
I kiii.ll begin with premising Ihst I em tinder
'rung conviction, both from observation and "refee
tt, that wJave arrived at the period when tin
atirfl revolution ofour land ytepn, as fir s it im
pplicah$ t-t(we-'6tH,,-ie -mvrt'tob4cT-?-Tbyj
.ive, in fact,, outgrown the system, Since tt iirst
loption, they have come into existence, have passed
lirough a slate of infancy, and hove now arrived
t manhood." The system which was wise and jusl
t firft, it neitheXwiM nor just opplhsd to tbem in
heir changed, condition. ,i , L . ;
We have heard tuch, Mr. President, in the pre
?nt discussion, aboutthe gr Hi of the new State 5
nt, if I way judge frnm the various measures 'pro-,
i sed on the prevent occasion, we have neither e-
lized it rapidity, nor the unavoidable changes in
ir land system w bk-b- wt 4htwin-iti tram. .
i'licir ondrrful jfrnwlh iwii)deirf, otieof IhmK re
Ii tic almost b'jyntid the grep of imaihationi . 1
V"hn I gn back l'.vtiity-rven ycr, u the pgriwl
vlmn I first bwarn ff fiienihrf the other Hiwe,!
ml compare whut he nnw SwtM thn wet, to
vliat lhy now arn, ! am ml in wonder ntiamsr 1
iK!iit. Their growth ia without sHtamjiIe. There
- nothing like it in history. " Alhal ttme thorn
1 hut a aingle fiew Stain, (Ohio.) cactudf Kt-n-.
ucky, I euiicsgoe, nnd "lame, all R whit:!( have
. MiVdiiiBreo
ind limit, mv remarka (to: thoae whk hhave amce
prnnjr-vy9tttff& public dornnin. -";";)yZ7:
Ohio hnd then lint ww ReprcWntative in ika
ither IIvmw', Jeremiah Merr(iwanhonintV)d8en.
iltt-f8n-wlt walihtil tm-Hlie headtrf the
;'ciiiiiiit:e( on Tuhlic Lnndit, an( hud tlmcotiliOmic
f the 1 1 who an c6mnl:telv that hi oice waV the
i waVthe
Ka,btB
Uw on all Hihji'fltii conncid with them.
Mttfrcsl
!in thirtt
irtvtwo' Sonatora jn ail, f which Ohio lmL
two ? hat i, the -vieixtftanth of the
of coUr
w !ihf. 'liWitimbtGfQtaA elsfl ha had ;fhtMNaf
which modn her weight about ihn one-fiftieth in
i Ht fiody a woighf neairely foil or etiiiated in
'Jit! political inoviwrita of tlie day.'. v - f-
uch, at that time, wa the infant and fooLhjCMt
V.tMW i'f the new Siato. "fr'inrn flirtf.iii period
(nit little exi:e-diog that alh.iK'd fn a ninjjle gneru.
'mil, tu pits over the tnnf of Jifc, bow wonderful
fx .tlotiii I. : Instead of (tic P tlwn, there .are
17 v t.iiucw j and in the placft.of two 8nj.
tt 1 in ijnrty.t vrn wrr ri(ntr.ha0. j'igh!e(7n tn '.fifty .
tH; fimkiiig.'inatr.-id of one nitcniith, piore than
a thir l of the whole ; and,!rdy three Terri'pV
rii-i, Florida, XVI coii 11, ftod loa, are Srur1iH(
for adittiition. ".XV'hsn adinitted, .which munt bp
shortly, Jhore will then b twelve rte.w Statw, with
twenty fotirSrmtoraio fidy-ijibwiiii!! will iocreiic
tlicir rd.ttivo weight in thia IkhIvJo threo-rjventlm
of I lib whole'i'-.'.' -S ;".'t
li lt i woiiilcrh na litia tecn the Increniwirtllii
. fly', i' viil t'j"fitiJt iniTrc'
a the o'.hof. It will be tak'-n m l vea'r, and a w
.intiuentof tho tnembfr wp be anile under
,.Ppi!
-.ho Constitution ; when, inmead of a single mem
hfr, (tring las than oho in a hundred a ws tho
'he new N tics will tiifn
stsnd to tlie id I at least wtma, my opliiibn in relafioii to"it, witTioul enter
VliswholHirMTi W?'tnt tt)tf tctttoiriff 'oh"tiicK Irligwundciiir""""
. . .- Jiii-in-xu-. 1 t"ja " . .-.I' -.'
til inrlv lit Kit. nr I u a. Fit. h..
sterf f.y friend famtliaf with the tW. wr tir?JW. ml de -
vvlMNacurey -liavHt(ri co;rttU;iu, t h-tw
Niitea having, as they will tln-n, three. Reventh in
it - 1 X (.. , . . . 1 .1 f . . . 11
inis, ami ivru-iiiins in 1.1c ouier u.mse, win, 01
ersif 4iev relattve-wriSt in the Hectoral tnl
legs, or ihe anw thin in a choice of a Prfsideitt
roiiiKiuuded o I fie two, ttial is, live twclltttsot, trio
w; hole. 'bo much tut tliapuat.-
Now if we turn to the future, we shsll fiod tin!
-.iui.) of this smiting growth wo far from being ex.
hausted or weakened, is acting with increaswl force,
aud urging forward the growth of those States with
accelerated, instead of a. dccrraringV volocity J so
much si, that the past change lit the lust twenty,
seven years will appeitr a nothing, roinparrd with
what will take place in iho next twenty seven, tin
b :m aoinn unforeseen occurrence) slioold intervene
to reutrd their progms:: If my .momory; serves
tne, our populiitiou, twenty -seven years ago, was
fobout seven million ; end our annual iuureaae then,
that i, the excess of births oer doatlis, including
emigration,-about two hundred thousand, estimating
our growth at thrrt per etnt. compound,. Since
then, our population his increased n.rf lois than
nine millions, making the present prububly about
sixteen which, on the same data, will make our
annual increase at this time but hnle short of 1ilf
a million ; the greater part of which will find their
bombs' in the new State. ..;- 1 .1 7.; , I ,lt
I will not enter into minnte calculation a to
Ihe tflecit'tif ihW greBt WhTuW Wlhr revive
weight of -the nswwnd old Stnretuit ihe' next ioc'
coeding census, in IPSO. It i surTicietU to say, that
it will give a'derided majority to the former, both
in the House of RepresnnU lives and in the electoral
college, and, of eour, in the Government ; and
thus, in the short atae.o of una tjaueration and a
IiiiuVthd ceiIfreTr"ptrtTtica power, as Isilween tho
old and new titles, will have parsed from the lor;
fiior to i!ie Litter.' J- H '-.V1. . i
- w4;U thBanniicata.ma reyilt berorfii.
I ak, not whethor it would lie wise tontinuethe
old systoin ; no, sir I a far bidder question, ttill it
hf practicable t And if not practicable, -vovld it
he trine to iitntgyle tit nurfinve it, till iwiArW
Ly the fitree of unavoidable and irresistible ewei f
I auk, what would be the efll-et of styh a otruggle I
Wuufd it not bo to excite, in the firsfinstance, ani
mosity and di-cord between Ihe old and new gtulCa,
nnd, in theeml, to overthrow the entire land sys
tem, with tho certain loss, ultimately, of tlie public
dom-iio? I shall Dot. on this occasion, attempt a
f rrnal discus-ion of the. points.. I propose in or-!-f
to iltuKiriite, siniplv to show how vuiu anJ dan
erou would be ihe BUempt to hold on to the pre.
sent system, under t h"egreHind growing changes,
by tracing ita npe'ition under a single aspect, its
baring on the Presinrftat question. . '
Tu trtve a cloaf .rsjnreptton.pf jhivwc must
1ear in mind, that ofirr the-nnrt rcnsus.lhe new
.'!',.itfl will JiAvu fve twtlflh of thoelectoraf cr.
b .'Oj rind, of C'ltiMr, couipared to either of the
other M-ctiona, a controlling voice' in the election
fa Prefodent. Il who keeps this, in mind, and
t .., ll.it in .the !' ---iiiiril
It Iii-i4 t vi r L',) the. K-'it point,
to fci.Tiir; I j n i r lavor; an i l!.;it
t, r.'.r mi 1
f'tr, ill t,
It!
I Le tloi.e t v footing i It ir j-f Miliar
liCV in n !.Ti;ure Ij Ihe puhhc Ian N.
yi -S a in
Now une of two lhii tntwt f'dh.w ! eithff .'ill the
c u..!i 1 1''- will entiT into tluf competition,, iu which
r-,so the MtruL'l1- '!! he whu sliud f;irtlict, and
it conscfpiMice ti Kive the vote to I'nn who nmy
hid iM2ti(.f. It- i"? nirfy to we how thin would ejid.
The .public 'domain, the D"ble iuheritnnce of the ,
p:ftle of thi 1'iuoii, would ha wpiaiidcrcd,-' or
rather gambled way, -in the cmitctil; and wnuld
ifcj be made, at tlie aatue lime, the nmuna of plu
der and corruption, and of elevating t jwwer the !
riio-it profligate and auiincioim.. . ' -r ,
But if, inateaaVirfl6datPl''aTOlttpjfe'
fnvor of the new Htale,. part nhould court their
inferg.i, ttril thejwh8hs-fjf the old State, the
train of evfiiitu would, indeed, be varied, TkjI tlie.
ultimate,rcmlt would bo the aame. On this aup-
o-titioh efcli of. .Ibf andid.rte wrtuld resort In y
.ineana bct. calculated 'to aectiiw the section on
wh.ise aupport he 'niight rely, Those looking to
the new State would piMh to the eatreme the fa- "
vorite policy of those State in reference to the ;;
public lunda; while the o(her8 would take the op. ;
pi,.CllJineij..fAV
mSmnmf n-x that the new and the old Statca
must necessarily, from thW, different position and
hdafioti to the public lands, ehtertain very different
view of .the' policy thatnughto be punned in irei 1
lalion to them, ru almost evry point an much an,
that the one shall consider that ifat a the demand
n justice which the other ahti!lregard'8 nothing
ahort of 0en plunder, a we llavo witrieased in
this discusHioii -We may fortn oiie conception of
he' violence of the conflict which must ensue In ;
the CHse aupuosed. We have hail, even in this
fUdy'g"! nr"f P" thi", cry question, somejndii,,
catioim of what we tnnv expect. The moat vie-
knt aninosity aiid hatred would foiloV. and every
run o, he his motives ever so pure and patriotic,
would be re-rarded the friend or the enemy of the '
new or the old States, a hia opinion favured the
policy of tbo fMie or the other. - 1 ho final termina
tni of the coiiflirt would not be doubtfuLV What',
eer turn of fiWtone might occtir, in it. progress,
the new State must, m the end, prevail. Thcir
relative. increase is fir more rapid than the old; '
aoJOycii so. tht after 1 850 that i, afierthe'third
Presidential.' election from th net they wyuld
be Itftaji. i have-iihuwnJ. M4tntLnutd-4uis(ii4on-
of the field. ' h the tnao tine,'while the struggle :
is g iing on, the animofijty would-dailv increase da
bolh aid;. The loncer it continued 4lw nMreit
lor n wiMilJ bcome, and the more certainly and
Completely would the present eyatem be overthrown
if, indeed, the Uniou ttnelf should be strong cnoiigli
ir -wttwttmd the-ahnck';-" Sndrmnst inevnably tw
Jsj- f P1
mipht aay the r
system, should we have the
madueas, to attempt tn con
eTned, rfgiirtlless ol -the -great -clinnge wliicu
hpve already taken place, ond the still more mighty
loVrogres. '-' ' ; - . .
r, Ilvin now pninfed out the danger, 1 turn next
to Ihe dwjdy important nction of remedy, which
demand' the -mnfl" -prompt and fcdemfi coneideraV
lion, IkAJi of (he GoveruiiM-nt and the community,
'ili'e quetion I, what 'means shall Vc adopt to avert
the mischief which I have shown to be o rapidly
npproiw hm, and which iaiust inevitably soon arrive,
if not prf veiled by some speedy and efRcicnt mea
sures 1 Already one ha beon proposed,. orijfiiwU
ly, brfiught forw'urd tn ndiee distendud Treasury
of its burdun, boi which it author (1 he Senator
from Kentucky, Mr. Clay) has renewed on the
present occasion, dubtlem with the view, in' part,
at Jeast.Mo heet thecrowing disorder of the a Sf
tern. Hi proposition's to divide the proceed of
the public Tandi among he States, with the douhlo
tlie advantages of tho public domain by the mctn-
tr8 of,n5 ni,m' d t0 preserve lha present sy.
"in vy a mora vigiiuiu gunruiaiifuip 01 ine pisiss.
I do not now intend to dincus the merits of
measure.
My i'jt is
adopt if niav, in tho first place, bo fairly question.
ed. -We bold the public "domain a a coimoon prw
piwt wJand, WgH tthe-Btntrstiftrre-t'iiioii ' -
in their confndratei, and not in their individunl
cliaraotnr. They were acquTredeither bv purr
clwsereut f emnmcn funds belonging to tli Union,
or by i;eort from the States toho Union, to lie
held as a fund iu common ; and I am at a Ios tn
conceive what right we have tn make that which "
belongs to tho wholo Union es a common fund, the
separate fund of each Btate. - It seems to me that
it cannot be done without a manifest breach of trust
and a violation of thp Constitution, ' This is no
new opinion, firmed jVMh occHsiofl. - It was, on
the contrary, fumed wlH'u.its author firM intro
duced the mt'ftiire,andwhen he and'invself thought
alike a to the-necessity of relieving ihe Treasury'
of its surplus, in order to avoid the difficulties and,
tho dangers which have since followed, lielieviog, -then,
that it wviuld be rfjectual fir that purpose,-,
ar.d more easily adopted than any other? I examin
ed it with nn inclination to embrace it as a tenix)-'
arv measure ol relict against a nres&iniT evil ; huf
it wa impissible for me to bring my mind to as
sent to the right :;f adopting it.
' Ililt suppose this difficuliy aurmounted, there are "
other; which I regard 8 insurmountable. Among
thorn the' fiscal objection i very formidable. The
reremie fmrtfrhe iandcaniKit1)eit6ared tfrprtsehr,'
Kl4fdHrilH,epispose4-lyAthJ roeiwirw
would necessarily throw the whole expenses of the
Government on a single sourco the duties on im
ports'and which must bo followed by tlicir in-
create, tin would neither be fair, nor equal:
and to which I. representing in part, a portion of.
iho Union, mi wlucli tlie increased burden would
mainly fall, caunol assent. ,. ,.
Hut as formidable as is this, there are others far
tnore so. It wmild not meet, or avert tha .approach
ing dunirer. It would still leave the nnblre lands
in the aw States Under the operation nf the pre
sent system, and the subject of violent ctmflict bo
t ween' them and the old Slates, with a", the calami
tous consequence, to which I have adverted. In
stead of preventing .the danger, it would, in fuel,
hasten and aggravalo it. It may be laid down as
a maxim, that no measure can avert it, which i
not adopted with the approbation and consent of
ihe new Stales ; fir the simple reason, that thev
! must soon become the predominant power ; when
.l .... L ..'..II I L J . . I .
urn i w men wa rsiauusncu againsi ineir cwseni .
would be cffrtainly overthrown.' Fuchf would Tie
the case with the measure under consideration.
If adopted, it must not only bo without the consent
of those Slates, but With their strenuous opposition,
of which we have lad the most r.oncjusive evidence
on the present oecasitm. ' AVhen moved by its u--Ihor,
a amendment to this bill, it was violently
opimsed at the threshold from that quarter, and re-
Reived but a single vote from the new State. It
1 not necessary to inquire whelner this opposition
on th'ir pari1 is! reasonable, or not'? whether it i
.1 r
,u t' .t it ii , . : U ll.'-if 1
T..e
, '11.'
I .
f.ct i: Ii', tL.t sL.rc is an aluto-t tMi-r-Ji!
Ii-termm.-,! r. -:-'.mee to ti.e measure on th;ir
Bill
pirt, ri
'it or wr;n. is, r,f 11-.' II, ";-'" ""''-i
ttiitt it c.imiot
1. n !,..,) mi in avert tliC. tiin :i!i"iii)
diiiigcr.. On the contrary, its ifce-wiry; filect must
he to accelerate and aggravate if It adoption
would, at once, bring th fdd and new-St.ates into
violent conflict, in which the former would ho ar
rayed, almost to a umn. in, determined eCUt to
overthrow the arrangement, or soma more hostile
measure. Add to this that the residential con
tent would wot fail In run 'into, the controversy, arid
thus redouble ihe excitement and animosity, with
all the fatal CoWq:ieru.e which I have shown must
follow from blending the two. . . '""-
Assuming; then; that the itinemw w-belh t)jiet
ionnble and inefficient, th-4iestion again occurs
what ought to be d-jtie r!JrMy.jiind ' .jnado t
U:t the most atrious and dtlilK-rate refWliou, that
there is, and can be, but one remedy, to cede -not
that it is not tlie projwr, the constitutional word
to 'rfi'susr-nf-thepublio lands to the S;ate within
the limit ol wl'ikh they respectively lie, on such
term and utvler auch conditions aa shall, at the
same time, be just atui liberal to the new Btutea.
and safe to the ohL Wn'.musf, ia a word.-part
yi'lljlhe owaetship afld ailntinistratioif of tlui-Uids
lv.im within the States. "leayiiiff thosa in thO Ter-
ritones, and beyond, under the operation of the
present 'system. The evil lies m ownership and
administration, and. without parting with them no
ptjrmunctil or effectual remedy can be hpplied. '
iliit wlmrshall bfi the U"rrns!hat portion of the
proceeds of he iles of those lands snail be left to
the States, to romu icrtife them for the expense,
trouble, and responoibility of their" adminislrahon,
and what portinyshaH be paid over to tho Govern
ment annually as a comnensniion for the lurid f 1
- O - - , - ,
jjm.P"l.P.fPPPij.jP Bniwcr tmf q"y'o- lts.de.
cision must depend on a careful and ftiinute exami
nuion ofall the fuels and circumstance of the case.
Cut I am decidedly of the j(ptnion th! ihe portion
to Im left to tho new States ought ocit only tojj am,
jle to cover the trouble, expense, and responsibili
ty nf iriinagcment, but very cotritltally beyoml,
so a to unite their interests with ours, in order to
give stability to tho arrangement and insure care
and fidelity hrlhe management. Resting my csti
mate of tho compensation on these p'inciples, I
have supposed that the new States mighLpajL-Qycr
i., : H
V .. i
annually one half of the gross proceeds of sale tonience of their citizen, who would thereby have
tluvnrnmmu ami have an..aimua-aumJeUJ
their compensation. Hut thi is a mere estimate,
without sulTicieut d ita, and i4, of course, liable- to
be increasedTirTli ninifhed after a careful ciflculn-
lion foundecTori fucts.
With these suggestions ait to the crms, I next
proceed to the condition) on which ihe laud ought
'to be disposed of. "-I pmpose to suggest only ttiS
iosl prouiiiiont, without irete)iling to a full enu
meration., r rAt In itiua lal'ilitilu to. lliA..AFKjiiM.niMli.rftv
willbe mdispensalde that the wholetrarritfioTrfancr mcTeasmatfusmesswfrich- ttnw tron-
snouia ns mi me tlie lormnt a cimjiact ; ana tor mm
purpnw, that Congress should pas an act eootain-
Uig mo xcrms ana conuiuons 01 inc iransier; ana
that eacV0f.th8 .new. Statca jihould pass one, on
their part.'To be irrevocable, assenting totha same,
before it isni lde. The act of Congress should, of
course, doterSnine what part of tho proceeds is to
paid bo nnuualy to the Government, and Iho time
and manm?r of tpaymerrt ( -and also to -provide for
keeping regolarhnok of accounts, to be open to
the inflection of Itio Government, o thnt the exact
stnte of iho account jietween it and the States, may,
at all times, Ic ascertained by the firmer.
Tiie act of CiinsreVs should also contain all the
prospective 'provision Which may become necessa
ry in ihe future administration of the lands under
Ihe arrangement ; and should then provide that the
land faws, as modified by tfie act, and as far a tltey
a rxTappticain'ei a. f Tie" tie w "si tit 0 of i hi ngs, slmlt r
main Onchanged, without the consent of Congress.
A provision of this kind would ho hot less essential
tn ihe Slates, than to tho Goverianient. Without
it (here could be no stability nor uniformity. With-
ff'a'"",'''nc. c,lJer into Tcaiculation lo estiinaie tfie advantages thai wq
a coirM'titmh lo' TgrTTTn'TU'rieet uf'rmigratmii, I resiitti' ', '... .
eaclo'wnr)TsJjfsetf,'"w now sucgesled what I believe to be
tefliielion tiF- ffietv and -end by a ws it the. ndni
retain it 'uniformity au'l ut'Cdihennonr stablo thaw
at present. 1
r Tit
TlnittifatTTe"
PiTfnpacl"
the act should also contn-js 3p cq.visiooil)at,ioihe.
evont of tio .vioiati'tn of the eondiliona 'of cession,"
all grant thereafter made by tho State should be
null aud void. , I his would place the compact un
der the protection of the courts of the Union, ond
make it The interest of Ihe Stale arid Its cifTzans to" dispose of the public lands ; and why may they not
observe it. Iu this connection the liberal allow- 'dispnsnW them to the States as well as to indivi
a nee proposed to be made to the Slates, in or.lef to diwisT f -an see no reason, and never bare heard
unite their interests with ours, would be important.
I he' revenue which limy would derive from the
land" Would .be applied to road, canals, or other "im
provemciits, that would create a powerful interest
in favor of the arrangement ; which, with the con
ditions proposed, and their sense o( iustieo. wmihl
ensure, I trust," on theirl irt, a ftithfuf execution of
tbe compact. ' 1- -1
. Such, a it appears to me, should be the leading
Conditions J but, doubtless, there are many others
which would bo suggested by a full and careful ex
This, Mr, President, is the general outline of the
measure which I propose a a remedy i and which
Irings tip, the important question, would it" accom
plish tho object intended) 'hat is, would it arrest
the growing conflict between the how and the old
Slatei1"'roViIdTpwVent tFe
"jtsing eortVc'neJTnfo Bn3
lo ba squandered away 4n the sfrugHoT And, fi
n dly, would it substantially, and more efl-.-clually
ihan.auy uthexflicasuro', set u re. to the Union the
benefit of the public lands lying within the new
Stale.--" It is lii leonvieiion ihst it is better pafrti
lated to secure these important results, than any
other mmsure that can bo devised, which ha in
duced me to present it for consideration; and It is
on that is.suc, cxr.!usivc!y.l intend la rest its fat.
X II T a'sTTuf aTiiTaTiTTmpTf H i 11T mvesTTglinon, con"
jLJently believing it will bear the lest, and willing
to abide the result. Without attempting to enter
on such an investigation now for which I ha
not the noeexviry i.ifirination, and, if I had, it
would not suit the occasion I propose limit my
self lo a few very" brief remarks in support of my
conviction. - ; v. ' :A :. ,'V.L' "".'..
That a measure, such ft I have suggested, if it
ahould bo adopted with ihe hearty consent of the
Bew Slates, would arrest tho growing conflict. be
tween them and the old, and tfl lha public lands
oni 01 tne vortex 01 tno rrcsidcntHil contest, must
be obvious on a htilo rcfl-iction. , It would remove!
" iiiwuu 01
prcveniing .ine uireateneo onnjer. . 1 ranster the
lands, and the administration of them, on just and
htoerauermSi-to tne Motes, and cin
put land j
ce within their limits, and vou will, at once, nlaee
ine states oeyono tne ream m tne action of the Go-
xernmcnt, aiKl mtlutMico f- Executive control, nnd '
would thereby leave both the new and old, as far j
as the land question is concerned, free from all im-1
t til i ' .-'
t" r- (,.( to I lie I-in-' , oi.1-1
lie as to t i i0 Co ml, tin
,.f ti
-.-ion ; l-'it it iKay
!. e.-isilv shown. lh.i if t
! t' TMIS s'i.H.' ! I.') I '.1 I "I
HTnl Slltl-filClOIV, ill
iho fif-t in-I.t'ice, to tlie iit-w
'la'rs..as I have t'Titli
m'iI. that they would neither
hiivfl the disfKisition nor tho .interest to .disturb .the
compact ; or if they
should, tlie hazard of losing
the latcii in consequeiice would tie tar less limn it
would be should Ihe p'rew-nt system he continued.
Bui there may some who may admit this to he
true, and yet object that the advantages which I '
anticipate' from the measure w.'uld be purchased,
on the art of the old Stales, al too great a sacri
(ice. It would be premature to undertake to1 an
awer. this objection before it i ascertained what
portion. of ilia pitucccda.ttho!ild lw.Jeft Jo; thp. States,,
and what paid over to the Government j and this
cannot bftionfl Jill. nftfr. Jaboti,Maveatjion
as has been sUteil.. All I maintain-at prescht is,
that the portion allotted to the State should be not
only just, and .liberal, but Such a would interest
them in preserving the arrangement,: Thus far it
would be obviously the interest of bolb parties, as .
ha been shown. 1 In the moanSmei I have suggest- ,
ed( on equal division of the proceeds under the be-
lief that it would be satisfactory t8 the new State,
and probably . ntil.Citirornihe dixiaum whiclLlxii.
giainyesjjgaunn wooiu esmuiusu.
- i- ' --: -; . :v .- i Ln.vt - - ,
rTIutof one thing I feel assured, that, when tho
siihjirt is fully examined, it will be ascertained that .
a apportionment of the proceeds may bo fixed on
w;hich will give to tho Government a sum perocre
as large, or not much less, on all the lands, which
might thereafter be disposed of, as it has received
for, wlmt ha' been disposed of since tho present '
price ' wa fixed j and -which would leave, at Ihe
sme time, to (he States a liberal and satisfactory
allowance. If this should prove to be the Dct, tho.:
interest f all jrUeevernn pecuniary pointofj
viewi would" be reconciled But tHaTvouId be ta ,
king too narrow a view of .this important subjec.1. '
To dflermW correctly'' the true interests of tho"
parties injhw arrongemenl.we must raise-our eyes
aliove pecuniary considerations, to the far more in-'
teresting viewr-the political bearing of the mea
sure. Thus viewed, the pain to oth, and to the
whole Union, vWild be incalculable. The new
Stales would gaidv the ownership and administra
tion of their ;lolo(lomain a gain not more essen-
lial to tmiirjwjLindcpcDdenco than to the convi
justod by their own Legislature, instead ot, bemg
dragged trf a groat distance from home to await
the tardy and uhcertairi ' artion fbf Congress.' But
their greatest gain would W, that they wpuld bo
elevated to an equality with the either Htatps in all
respects, and exempted fromhe controlling influ -
enerof the Governmenf at isina; from "w idehrex.
pandod system of land offices.
To the Union the gain would be not less imiior.
in4WgrewwiiWwwlrW fwrrt wl rfflflnw
sumesat least one-third of its time, aim tie left free
to turn its attention to other subject ofdecp into,
rest, which it is now compelled to negloct. The
sessions would be gre.vly shortened a matter if
importance, not only in a pecuniary, but still more
io a political point of view. Rut these, though im
portant, are but. minor advantages.' :Thereare
other immeasurably greater. It would close our
land offices in tho new tStates, and, wiih: them; !hev'
aoor to tne vast patronagq and mnuence wtnen iney
place in the hands of tho Executive. Who can
estimate thi advantage! Who is there, that has a
particle of patriotism yt;Iovo of Republican instil
tutiona, who would rejoice at the induction of such
immense patronage, made not only without injury,
J but wiih advantage, to the public ? When we add
lo this that il would remove all causes of conflict
between the old and new States) " that il wwld..
wifiidriwTrom (lie Presidential contest the public
lands, that prolific source of corruption in tho hands '
of iho profligate ; aiid, finally, that' it would save -ourvat
and" noble d-Moain itself fnm being mean
sp m:tiv "T power 01 ,
Oftloillrt,,.. uilimnl. ill. k . . I aL. I I -
wreper pottey ixt bepursued m TClattorr toifie 'pQ V-
tba, advantages, ol. .tho meauurH.! oave suggested .
for consideration, the next question is. have wis tbe ,
i.r-r rr 1.T '"'
rij;iii 10 uisjioso m me isnus in mo manner propo.
Lsed 1.4-woiiU ospposed 1,htI?,?jM
have been a "doubt on this point, had not the Sena
tor from Massachusetts Mr. Welister raised it on
this, a well as on a former occasion. The Con
stitution gives to (Congress, expressly, the.righ.ljnl.
one assigned. We are in Ihe daily fiabil of makimr
grants to the.States.for public purposes ; and if we
may grant, may we not atsi sell or dispose of them,
as I have proposed ? The lands belong to the States,
in their confederate character, as has been stated "-
and Congres is the trustee to dispose of them for
tho common benefit. They are bound, in tho ful
filment of the trust, to disjiose of them to the best
advantage ; and if the disposition proposed be the
best for al concerned, Congress has oot only the,
right to make it, but would be bound by the trust -so
t dot : - '. - -
Entertaining these views, it may be asked why
I have not brought forward the measure this T so-'
Sion I My answer i, there is not time, at tliejue-,
sent short session, to digest and carry through a
n.,e,lH,,r? of si much imjiorfanee, and involving so.
ami rach wmfliet jpqr.eit1 Jti,t,. pWge 1
my sen, 11 present at the nett session, to inlroduce
it at an early day, and to use my best efforts to
pre il to a decision. If I ean prevent it, no oth. -er
measure relaling to tho public lands shall take
precedence of it. , .' ' " . v
I hiiVC ntitf prtiiuntad niy vinwss (, 'bw 'wwKey-
which wight lo be adopted in reference to the pub.
lie lands within tho oow Stales; and it now re
mains, in conclusion, to assign my reason for 0-
tinsgainst the engrnssrnentofJhijJ)itri "
leviug that rmdimg short nf a radical change
of policy, such a thai proposed, Can arrest the '
evils apprehended from the present system, I ana
of the opinion, that fill some permaocnt remedy
can be applied, that the proper course is to vote
against all partial and temporary expedients like
the present ; and I shall, in conf rmity to that Opi
nion, cive rriv voto aeainst this bill. . 1 hidiftun it
to bo the courso, not only tho best calculated to in
sure, io the end, the application of a nermawnt
nnd efficiont remedy: but to prevent, in the
' immediate ncriod. thi ndsrhlera rtii.irottj iti -
from Ihe present system. Rut in addition to these ;
general reason; there are other acainst this" par-'
ncuiar measure, suttioient to induce mo to vote
against it. Passing others by, i shall only notice
one. - , . r i . v - -. ; ,. - ' .- .-...
This bill is pressed on tbo Senate; on the ground,"
among other reasons, - thnt. it is a financial mea
iure. It is stated thnt ihe Treasury is dofiril nd
that one of the efleeta of tho reduction of tho pnee
of the public lands wmfid bo a present increase of
iho rmtiue from that soarec. I am not f repa-cd
Ti.'! os.ly p--r.t ''I ''"-
m. mi hi lvceu ihei'i i.l r
hwt if It . '. .-vi' I ! -0 ..,, il v. , L 1 I ,
ol.j.-ctiou, iii--t- .1 1 of a i
Iliitted tli.it thi! I'.t ! e ( f 1 ,, 1
It-iiiporarj , and Le fallowed in a
enrresp-mdiiig fi-dui"! i'H4. iSow,
I: .
'' -'..Li
"t tin,d I t
I
am not
taken, the incoruo of this and
en, tlie incoruo ol this and the ciiMiin., ,
will, without further additionr-; the revetjue
... ll... ii ill ti tiiof.1 llii. nvrkint!ii..fIL U.1.L 1 1
1 ......... 1 .1.., .....uiiLi, nun one (1
lomy, ana ninety ami juiticiutis retrencl
The pinch will be in the two subsequent jenr,
'41 and '42 when six-tenths of the entire m! "
"lICli!.
lion under the compromise act w ill take p!aee
The difficulty will be in passing through lhoe Uv
years ; and this bill, considered as a. measure Of
revenue, instead of passing now, ought toTje.p,,,,.
poiied untd thejf). 1 ts passagfl. at this tim won!,"
but increase the.difficulty two years hence. What,
ever .ft-might add to the'' income of this and the
Tiext year, would serve but to increase their expen.
dilures to the same extent. Experience has tatmht
us that our expenditures increase With our income
and that if there be mone in the Treasury, U
........vv,. 41 no remit
would-be that, instead of aiding the Government" 1
td meet the fiscal crisis of '41 and '42, by inprea.
ing'it income then, it would compel it to meet jt
UDder Ihe great disadvantage, of .iucreased uxocn.-
fiiinri w in ni niiriiwiii-ii mi-nnv. I m ui I K . I 1 .
if there were n6 other objoctioti's, I; would feel my
self compelled to vote against the bill. ' -
MISCELANEOUS INTELLIGENCE.
Lou, jealowy, attempted Murder, and Suicide, '
The Coroner vesterdav hf'd an inoueatm f,.m.. '
11 ' 'r ' "mil, .
Rarnard s, No. 221 Fulton street, on the budy of
Pietro de Paolo Qualmeuseanatiye of .Smyrna, :i
agcifabout 20 years, who committed suicide at thai
plnce by-shoot mg himself through the head with 1 "
uistol. It aooesred that' tho deceased, wlii 1.. 1
t rr . 7 1 " -.w f 1 an
oarded there for a long time, became passionately '
enamored of A young German gill also boardin
iKafm' natnnrt .tstdAtiliiiV .Tormann kutV IiIm M
wu....u..i, vhi iiib pawiun v
was not reciprocated and he was moreover despe.
rately jealous of a barber named John J. Craig, t
the.Astor House, and thi drove him nearly todos
pcratioo. About a fortnight ago, while Conversing
with a friend, he spoke of the girl in the warmest
forma ftnit Built im it.hjifi in marrv kn. k... -I.
1 - i" . w 1' . il !.
nau reiuseu 10 nave uun, anu no intenoed to shonl '
fterm-trieiT tnmr.iwTTOntriaviiied hint of
the fiilly of such ft proceeding, and 90 far soothed
bis feelings as to induce him tn leave tho bouse fbf
-nine. uaciiuc, iiuwcvcr, oniy aerveu IO incrcaw -;
his passion, and he soon returned, and again press
ed his suit upon the girl, and was again -rejected.
Yesterday morning about. nine o'clock, he went in
to her room, end after again pleading histause ia "
vain, he drew two pistols from his pocket, v One h '
discharged at her, tbo ball lodging in her right siilr-,
nowKpnp wtoihi ,rwM wrncn ir r jvareo meal
1 i -ii . . , . 1 'i - . 1 ,
i-ai ivhi viiih eavw ,fier,-nff xniminer ne di-",.
charged at his own head, v The report of thepi.
tols and the crie of the unfortunate girl brought
some'of the inmates of the house to the dreadilil
scene, where he was found lying acosa the girl ca
the bed both of them completely deluged in blood,
and she bespattered with his. brains. ,, lie was mil
alive, but speechless, and in a few.minutes he ex
pired. Medical assistance;, was promptly called ia v
to tlie aid of 4.Ue hapless girl, but the effort of the
physicians to extract the ball, have thus far proved
ineffectual, and it ia more than probable f hat she can
not survive.. In the case of the young man, whocura
milled these dreadful deeds, the jury returned a wr- .
dic of suicide, by shooting .himself through the
head with a pistol. t ; ":- -- : V
.:.:.:t..;y:':,:::
Tfie Lfqhtning Telegr,aph. Art association hi
been atartod iff New York and Philadelphia to e.
tablish a lim? sr the Electro Magnetic Telegraph,
invented by Professor Morse, between those tt
cities, The distance the wire is fn be laid is IQ
PViks JTh.9A wgciation are to pay Professor Mors v-
8200 per m le, or $20,000 for the exclusive fiakt
I. 1 . . . ' .
between the two cities, which is tJ be surrendered
T6riTieiTte3'gti't"
CODgress ahall assume jh.e fixclusiyeiight of cstab.
fisliitigjhe TelgTafh-froin-4Vahingleno- New -York,
j The expense of hiVing the wires U eti-'
tnnted 'at $520 per mile," amounting Tto" $33,(ft)0, "J
whiefcrthhr-porchase of the:righti'wlll nwiko r
the whole cost .K20.00i. keeping tha Telegraph ioJ
ojKiwtion, whih will require two-rhannsers at esch "
end, and contingencies is put down at f 10,000 per
annum. " ;..'-." '- !-,N-- : .-j:
; Professor Morse estlmaies the power of the Tele
graph equal lo communicating 45 letter per win-7-ute,
or Ji,400 per day; which, at one cent "a letter
fur postage, would yield 113,000 per annum, de. -ducting
one halt the year, or $g,0U0, if but one.
fourth the -capacity ia employed. The average
number of letters in Ihe ordinary words of th Ea-
glish language, is seven. Tltus a telegraphic co-r- "
munication of ten words would cost seventy cents.
A capital of 872,000 is to be raised in shares of
$1 00 the work to be commenced next June, andv 5
completed by December, 18.'t0. The route need
not be straight or level, and the wire may follow
iho course of a Rail-Road, or' diverge without af
fecting the communication. - '.
The plan is to communicati electric shocks, in
otner, words, to sot lightntns to run an express,
along the wires which are to be so contrived as that
the instant the shock is given at one end, the wires -t
will indicate on a cord at the other end 5 ne
ters corresponding to the desired intelligence. Tt
application of the elcciric fluid to such a purposs
ia a liighlT'eeientific invention, and it may be des- -
unco to work great changes in Ihe despatcn mi,
telligence. : Of course, it must be very much want-,
ed, as the go ahead propensities of this age are !
ready weary of. the slow progress of locomotives
at only twenty miles or thirty mile an hour, h"'
tho difficulty will be preserving the line of eTceTnC
communication along the wires, v We opine that
alter all Ihe Semaphorie Telegraphic despntcn,
brougtnjo jiuch perfection by our wotthy t"f
mnn, CariK. Parker, will Ive fmitwl moeh nmr P-'
ticable and efiicicr.t,.than riding post-on lrcu
01 ngntiing. isoston I'osl. , '
. f . , ' 1 ' V - - -...' . '
Tho present session'-ef .Congress is likely ,10
prove remarkable only for the small amount of bu
siness transacted." The House of Representative
it is said, has passed ct but one appropriation bub
and that is for their own pay. The message ol
Ihe i'resident winch 1 generally referred to
several committees soon aflpr it is received. ''
under consideration as to rcfcrenceoii lhe2rtb
January! On Iho third of March ihey must ad-
j win, and it such matters only as are realty i'"
portant had engrossed their attention, we do n
know that tho limited number of acts passed weuM
be objectionable. Tbo much legislation i one
the evils of our country.': Rut lha time f taken up
in much unprofitable discussion, and it seerot'i:(t
members are frequently absent on other bn"1
while receiving 1 hejr daily pay, and have .even In
assurance to expect that business before the liu
1 hall be.di lnvcJ for their convenience. Rcln-