. . . ' -". . X
- '. -I i.'-.re at h j iwr-rpnrt) to it.
,!.;'' 1 .', e l i T'.ifj' ';, p,,tf.HI " ()! Hx'
'.(.; I 1 h-..U U lu L-i tuli.iLi.iiy -,) ,
.. ' 'r.;.t ;u s.Hiree the ru.il, aai! hi l ijic
I i 1; is ihtf ooiv Way I'lut will li' t id lh':
.. 1 pi"u l'!'!.i.ei''U. Too maio sou revs of potr-m-tj
fiuv U f mid .in power the reerrii, jir,d
: o ex;-od;hirescf tivGomrnment ; uwlth fr$t
r ! luieittiry ttt-ptitwardi iti reduction, it to re
.Yi.r the pi'tr(r of ihi (ionrntt.tiit within the
jiU liiss 2rtserbtil by the VoruUtLtitm. Kv.
ty t'ttp(iin of iU- powers hvyotid, would bung!
w.t'iiu its control subjects ticvVr inienbd to be.
ptiiced there, followed by increased (wSfoaagliiiil
augiieweJ expenditure Hud revonue. ' .'.-.-'
We. must i?i the next place xAe care, "t to call
the eekaj WiJpowcf of the Govwoment into
6ct.oa beyond the limit whictt thoeoramoirintereji 'aoiple mean at hU thvposal to rear up the system -
- I . . ;. .......... fl 1 J ' ' i I. AC 'll- J. I l. l...
li.ay render DeCery, nor to prtfett intfi iiR-aiM of
Aw$ what it was neer iciteni d by the Omititu.
tion we thould atf rtr right to di. Of wit the
i n.-ce of power and infltieiicpfetefiiiofi vC the
j-ier tW "eriiWut hupctvtd-j frur.Uce
' thn ntt frtHtfuiand dangi'rn, of which our politi
cal hntfy furn:iheii many eiampleo, lwp;ciallr' in
T&miwiLe rwMiej tho
After restricting the powcra of the Gnvernwiit
within proper lifiMta, the neit iiiijHiraiit aiep wouM
be to bri2 diiwn the income and etiKdiiure to
tie snikl'ctit practkuhlo amount. It is a tiriinurv
Dium, undrr our, to'ciillccfycn'niTre' W;yTl,htr"CTetrti(iirT)f the sytem, and th;e "?tnption of-
than m neceary to ThiTecoiioitiical "and coihittiu
(local watita of tlid Oovernmetil., " haveVin
Ltt, on rL'ht to collect a cent more. N vhiiwcHi
tifnd more powerfully io M-rupt puhfif and private
Bwra:m, or to HXTtraae toe patronage w ine io
verume nt; than an exceniive or ur'plus'ieveiiue, 91
recent and sad eajerterice has abundantly proved.
yor a i' mptrttii toTewrtct me exK'n.mure
within the iticome. It in, in Rict, indnienalle Id
a restricted retenue, tbe incj'ae of tli firmer
rn'jrt, ta the end, Tcad to an increase of, the latter.
Xir n.-wt a.i e,ict admioWtrition, and a riid ac
coufiMbihty,' iff erery departrfient of the Govern.
BXiU,-W l!ecU-Jl-7U. an. fin;? hp "'out effi.
rieni me-jdsnf keeping dowii pntrwig tind cor
rupt iurt, 1 welt. the revenue and exptrnditurefi,
jiat the ojfitis ia among ih tuosl prolific
aourc of both ' -.' . f, t ;,',--,"
It is tho atid.th'js only, l lint we can rttduce f
fcctaally tbe patr niage of the Government, to tlw
I- .m atD'Tunt coijent with the din;h;tre f the
but rnporisiiit duties, wu which U ihitig';i,
'thaler it, h4t the Cotwtitutiun .intended jt
kluwtl.li'iLJC.llLB'M.M (jI,MVhiiiieut,liisili-'
tai-d br fbv .Stute. Hi ttnstr iiiiSuaTliecurnfralut
t.-.'r ieffeet proeetion of their lilmrtv and irati-!
c( i.ll.tv. It h tiio way piMiittd out by r Jtlloriionaiid j
t.is avci .tes frtNo Virginia actioo!,. wtocli aaillias hot been diatingnisbed m pnMiorlion to hjs enn-
evi-r bti distinguished for its jealous .position to
.......... r h .it.. .1 . : .... i... ...1
nienfs so f'eqotly referred to ti this discussion
t!;e tYporTio the irgima ihihrture, 00 the slisn
arid wdttioit law, m Uw ear 03. ; '
TjI there isoml ever h is been, from the first,
n ; jihT and opp-! whool, hat regarded patriwi-
i witb a very dillerent eye, tiot as a ban but as
aa eiBKtiiti'l ingft'dusiU, wtiliut'it btch the G iverii'
fifi.t b i-iiprcfiea!ne : and wtt.we tittdmi
fvVV'fah-;i.iisli. ta Its- JjVojt, ma mure pvttptlULl war, ol J!,:,,il.t!iidarniirsJl and ot luxttion and n ivi
tjws i" s-it1y , ibrough their interest, at milts- jntio'i, Hn-ir crres Will f rever rennond thtotighiiot
f t!tible to its tipport. - f wo caunol lake lessons i ll eonhneut. - U'if-eas'ihe umloo bias of pobbo
in to this ftaool on tbe q'lfstiou of reduction ofjoftifers is boundej by known salarioivaod persona
I vtlriHi t we rnaii at Jeast. Jt-nrn, what : is of vast
i!i.p ru.ice to b?t kii3wii,"how aud by what meaus
Una siSi'jil bis reared up a system, which has add
ed tfy i the (viwer and patMiaeof tho Go
veru.noat, bey nd what was coiituuipl.tted 4)y ils
frs uers a to alt rm its wrt and' best fncuds for
its fate. Viit Ibe.. vw-'wof fiiriiishing this iulor-
matioo, so iidiioa Jv connected, with tbu object of
iieHiwira, t pnjpoiej o givo unci nun
fystein. W-1-' .
, w y v ' - t -
Hmmitl.itt .I'm liuir M n.i.ui iuiux) ilistin.
' t-fiU!l.4 m rjtf rmlrtM-nt hitftnrv ". tin ilKfk TlArli.jM
6 v j....,-. ........... .
lype ioJ imp.'rs.m.itioo of the. National or roderal
scuool, (I use1 party names with reluctunce, and
only for t'te s.ike of brevity,) as J ilorsou is ol the
S TjW Itrgttrr Krrdirmi'iicWdr '4V w4otoJ4.w hyJll?diMjJkite
riK-u f e'.ouii'nl taleu(,''ardttol patriotism, .gnat
Im4Jir-ss, kil l coirjitehenstv and sjs'.e.natic under.
UuZ- Tiiey ut buthwiou whufix.-diw.ukia.
oIct far aliead, and converged all their pow
era toa.-.'U' iti accomplishment. ?.Tbe ditlcrence
bftset u t!i'iu is, IVal" jiflcrwm h-ifTTiiore genius,
II iioiU tti tii-rn abilities ; the former leaned mere
M the s;Je of bbi rty, and his reat rival more to
that of power. - I hey both h ive impressed them
SvUcs dimply ou tbe movements of llw Govern
metit, but, as yet, lb inlton Ut more o than Jef
tlrsiw, tiiough the iinpres!iou of the latter W dt;S.
tiacd in the cu.1, at 1 trust, to prove the more du
rab'eof the two.. .- ' -. - "
It hi trt ri ih. Hhl furtiine of thu "ochoul of
which Mr. Jdlurj is the had, lo embody their
prucipl? and doctrine tit wniten dt-euo..tT (tlw t
report reb rred to, and the Vrrginia and Rtshtucky
routitHiis) which ra th acknowledged Creed of
-tit pariy, Attl iay . al all Uuatia, bu cfcrred to, Ui
order t "eriaiii what tliey are iu tacU Tha op
posite sih-xit bas k-ft iionucu wriucn and ackiiowl
t id c rrc J.uf tbe Ji clariiiTonaiid acts of its great
kaJ.:r kave lit?le doubt at lo ei her it principles
cr Joctrioes. In tracing them, a narrative of Ins
li'j and acts need not be given. It wot Fsmce to
say, that he futercd early in life into the rtny of
t!i revulution, and became a iiieii:twr.of the mill
fi i.i!v i.f 'hnctin, vh ?,jcrti'tet h
rmued sod retained to the lust. He nextppearod
ni th convention which framed the Constitution,
Vr, vita bis usual boUirc.M, he adv.atcd a
i'r-i'itni and cjeonw far life-, and lb kj(WioiuHl,
tv tiitsGitverniiieiit. ofthe Governors of t tiu Siales.
w ith a veto tsa Stale Jaw, f le'se biild measuies
fwting, bp retired from t io Convention, it ts siid,
1 1 J. .piit J lb JT tf.erw tr i-i, on ni.re msfirF rtii-c
t, .n, Lccaine the aeal-.m and able atlvocata of t!i
auip'.ian of tb'Ji'o etitirt.n. t He' saw, as he
ta 04?.t, ia a acdviiw of (Jovernuient, which con.
Hrred the U;itf!uu;.i (oer i f taxing aud declaring
war,!!)!,.-! uituadudaTiU'rceiif jiower uireso
lu:e ml a!-!o b.iod; b-.ice hii dechiriifeffl, 'Ihjt
tLixtgH ihu Govcrnln.-nt wm weak " i if it urgiiniM
ti n, tt woult,-w!iea put in acti ni, fi-iJ, t!m 'mean
if s.i. ti iftui itietf; a profound red etion, proving
th.u h clearly -aw bo t make it, in practice,
what Li tnovenwnti.Vii the cotweuikiu !i.td.j'.nl-d to
occornii'i'-ii in ir nrgstitz.iti.m. "Nrr fms he left it
i l d.Vt, a to what were- tne rocaus on. w Inch he
rrhed lo mtx( his obj-cl. We all rcolh'ct the fa--5
n-. rt.ifv tf tne elder Adsms, that the M llri
I.'i. tki.--tiiutiKdcortf to. iU jtrl:nrt.4i-im-i.-j
faii ! f i f it.it corraji'ttouV was Hio"wi'N.-.st iod
L t tv. r f, r - 1 Lv 'man ; and 11 umHoo reply.
il. .t the Divu :i Coo-titu'ion, fieed from corruption,
would bo itr'-.iuLj!t'
v. . V " -'. t t ev t
, but, wilh its corruption,
Ms'.' I. i o rent.zt wlml J
' '
i-i i.?t h'. J to jifviit. Hither of these n)n
of Li-L-r i,.in was w mii i,l u rf n'is r him.
LiUi' !.! a:. J c-'n.'iv!u;rB wind he acted
I ii.i"--,'it.i.ul much regard to individual.-
II- 'f u;i, by C'riiiiiiui, mi'iK tiiiiiif fir iiMirtt ciw
hi, fuel c'i.-ijiniiciis, j that, policy, which sys
tcmitirnilv favored -the great mid powerful clas'
of icieiv, with the view of binding tiie,.i, through
Iheir interest to the" support of tbe Government.
This tu the single object of hi policy, and ro .1'
which h kindly arid resolutely adhered, through
out liiscareer, but which," Whether suited or not to : .
ihe BritUli system of 0 wrrimiMit, w, aajfim b
shown, uuiiuiigi'iiiiil and ibingoroua to our. , .
Afserliie Constitution was adopted, he was placed
at jh. hca i of the Tre-tsary Dipart incut, a p-isition '
wiiicti gave full scope tu bis abilities, nd placed
f, piedilated. Well niid nkilfuJIy did he uie them.
Him firt uieiure wna the a W'ion of the fnuflwg
nysterti, oij the Rritib mJeif and n thm (he two
kchooU, which have ever einCo, under one furrrt or
.auuthci!utiihid'iheKiuiitry
it, aa the Government emlu'ea, came into
cM;flict.'.'.TIiey were both in fivor of keeping the
public faith, but diltercd a to the ickIo of aami'
tu b aiHU!iid.' , The Dolicv of Hamilton prevailed.,
Tlie aownint assumed w i auniit $30,000,000, a
vast wiiii for a country o imiwverishod, and with
a population K'lHiHidemble, as we ' then hail.
Urge a delii, gnvc a decided and powerful, tin.
pulio to I tin i ivcriitni'iii, in Ihe direction in which
it baa niuce cHitiiiued to move, almoMt constantly.
1 his wua fallowed by a ironiture adopted on his
nwn reN)!Mtbilityr and in ihe face of the law, but
which, Uintah ; at thetyne tt ettracted little atien.
tion or opoiimtion, has proved the most powerful of
Ml '.the' mean employed in rearing up and maintain
ing his favorite system. I refer to the-Treasury
order diicting. the receipt of bank notes in the
dues of the Government, and which was Ihe first
link of thut uocoimtitutiofial and unholy alliance be
tween thin Government and the banks, that has"
bcerxiuIiuai'ilJ) jtuclt. c'iinat.rfHi comcqueiicea-Wl,
I baye, .M- President, been accused 'of extrava
ganci in asserting that this unholy cnnneKion with
the pjper ytein, walw great and primary cause
of almost jevery departure from the principles'of.
lUCMwiitiiteni, anj of t)ie dangers to winch tho
Government has been exmisod. . I am happy to
iTiave; jt in nJ' jviwer to showthat I dQ. Dot stand
K.I..J.. ;.. ,.;. i !...
been .aitr v'ted by one of tbi j iuiyials of this city,
to a pairiphh't containing tin ;wiieontimHit, pub
lislied at far WW aail01i:.th.autbox.olr.which "
was one of the frofoundt and purest itatesnien (o
whom our country h;ii ever itm'Tr1IiiuT'.wTiu!
jnent tile-it .id arVicnt imt riot ism. -' lit coiifiriitotioil "
NiM-lU laroliiM uthu- mo f Mr. .Sf a anok to read a
pnraarnph 1 .fcen Irb
in the iamphlet,'wbicb contains v
Mnfm.iundiifi.M n auu I hv Avr iu.i m .
refer'nfe to th point in qoeiioii.
-rt .
Ir. stranok read as follows!
fuviding. and banking systems are InHissolobly
coftoec'ted with every1 comuiercinl and .political
question, by an interest generally at enmity with
tlio coiomou goml. ' In the greil cases of peace and
iHit free holders are hardlv, if nt alt, distineuisliuble
from tho uijijonal inierest.' One oh-ervutinins ad
duced in' proof of thiijdtKlrine. Vaput fraud know,
i.i thii rtmiivtiih'of lil-rty when, oppressed, it
viidtr an iiHpnl.ie to tirrneVten itself by allianect
trith Irsjsintirecorruption v'uh,CL military force. 1.
and trith imilur fortign tytem$.'if with BrU -tain
can lie luni"d by it to great account. Id case
jm victory, a military apparatus, united to it by )
will be m hand. Ini-wi of defeat, naiier will Con
t - w nrirffj antrnrr n vrrrTr ir wtfg Juiauaiiui-ur-. I
liftliah. ytHn.lit MpbJicrosu
a; legislative pnjvr jnrrto with ihe "-management of
such a wart ; If it does, no prophetic sjiint is rio- ;
l-PUMirv tr. r.Lf1.ill lli'il nnmif will Kn kurM.rt mutli
.-v.x.. ... .... ,11... W... ..V .' " . V. UVU
liberty, from the same design with which moun-
joiitii of Ulyii'ima.
Tim next nrivemout be made was the boniest of
lL wh;-.iuwk... Tho 4W.ioo of tltt.-tllurnitteol -with
tfio ire system wu not yet complete.
eentral control was wanting, in order to give to it
unity olfaction, and a full development of its jiower
ind influence. Tins be w-oihl bi a ealional bank,
with acnpiTnl of $ll,tHHt,tKKl, to be composed prm
ripnllv i-f the stock held by the public creditors;
thus binding more strongly to the fiovcni'iient that
already powerful class, by giving them, .through its
aiency t ifirre iwl jirofit and a decided control over
the currency, exchanges, and the businesslransac.
lion of the country. Oa the qu-tioii of charier
ing the bank, the great bittle w.x fought bt'tween
the lW') school. . Tho conies! wa wr and obsii.
wale, but viejory ollLnkltdy dockwdtkkor of tlio --J
National Federal school. - " " H
The leader of "that scliooj wa not content with
tfia trreal acbtviiiuts.,.llM bold-,kod ardoot .
mind wa not of b'nijiet to ktoji short of the end at
which be aimed. l.UJ P' Lfliovemejit was.to.eiza
on the money pi.wer, and b put forth ablo repirts.
in w hicJi he asm rted Ihe broad principle, that ym
gross was uiuler no other constitutional restriction
in the uh of the publhTln oneyif but the general
welfare, and that it might be appropriated to any
purpose whatever, believed to be calculate J to pro.
mote the iTneral intererr and as freely to the nh
ject not enuniersted, a those that were specified
in the Constitution. To this he added another and
perhaps more dangerous aiwMioii of power j that
the (Hxing power, winch w granted eKnrewl lo
rakorekkats-HigUt W -fiiM hhmt I
tor the . encouragement of inaiiul.ictures, or any
other branch of inlolry which Congress might
choose i to fo-ter ; and thus it was, in tact.perveriod
fiom a revenue to a penal power, ihrough which
the entire capital aodiudustry of ihe Union migl t
be controlled, t t'ong-res was not prepared at that
early Stage, lo Pillow so bold a lead, but the seed
was sown by a skilful band, 10 sprout wll-u the
proer season arrived.
; ,Whea fie retired from office, no controlling mind
was -!l to perfect the ivstem which be. had com
menced with such cmisumnlale skill and auccess ;
and shortly after, under the administration of, the
elder Auxins, the nheo and aeditian acts, and the
qiMi war "Willi France, "n it was call-d, Pillowed
i he violent pnl prcripitote measures of U'si.aaga
cious, and powerful minds, and which in their re-
sctei exjK'lleJ ihi-iraoiliorsfroni power, unJ raised
ivuiu?'ni..tv "v I it-Btn;in-j
" HaYii iiiii iii as a reformer j but," wilh' ttis most "
ardent desire aod the highest Capficity to efll-ct a
refoi uiaiiori. In; c.vild d littlo to clian.-io tho direc
tun which bis rn il b id impres-u'd at ihe outset on
(- political in ii-huta. .civvmiv, in b-ed, was in
- . 1 -. i i . i'..-1 -,
eitinmiished. The t barter of the 'United States I
lUi.k'had still Iwif i's ter-n I'' fin, and tin: up dj
banks and b.ink notes in th li -1 .traiiswii.ms ol
Government t;oi takcu'too string a bold to be m-x-r.siuled
at uueu. In Die uvuiitinie, the agitation
called by the gigantic conflict between France and
England" reached our-distant and peacebil thort s,
and the Adioinistratiou wu almost exclusively oc
cupied in eflorts ly prevent aggressions on our
rights, and pieserve our neutrality. To eir'tliat,
every expedient was atl-mpted ; negotiation, em
hargijBonUmfjirHatmii; and non-iutercoie, but in
H' r..tl'.4i!'. nVul o.vrrh if. nil hones ot car
ev.n ;o th ,(lL ...mieomlated liv Jcflorso.fi
when he came into nower failed
. B . . . , .. ' . J .
When peace arrived, the cHiiilry was deeply in
debt. Capital and industry had taken new direc
lions in eonm-qilenceiif tjie long interruptionof our
loreign commerce, and the public attention was
completely diverted Ironi the question which had
brough into conflict the two great political schools,
and which had.ao long divided the country.
The season had now arrived when t he seed which
had been jo.kty"ulyowed Uy Hamilton, asbaa
been-afared, lieijan to irerininate, and aoon shot
forth with the most vigorous growth. Duties came
to trimpoaed srithmitTee
ney uppnmrtated without reference Aa the granted
powers. I arili followiHj tanlf in rapid succession,
carrying in their train a profusion of expenditures
on harbors, roads, canuls.ensions, and a host of
others-, comprehending objecla of alnviaUevery dd
scription. Jn such rapid succivsion did the protec
tive duties follow, that in 182?-in the abort space ,
of twelve years after the termination of the late :
war, they reached the enormous amount of nearly
one-half of the acarezate value of the entire im
ports, after deducting the re shipments Beyoqd
this jKiint. tho system never auVaoced, and fortu-
uatelv for Ihe countrv it did not. Had it Boutin-
ued its progress a lew year longer the enormous
patronage which it placed at the dinposal of the
Cbief Magistrate would have terminated our forrn
of Government by enabling him to nominate bis
Buccegsor; or brphjngingtho" country into a revo-
luiioii to be followed by uJiuin or diispotisin, aa
was foretold would be the conwquenco in the re
port to theXegislature of Vijginia, so ofteo referred
to, if the system it' reprobated were carried out in
practice.' But, happily, with the larifT of 1H2H,
tlio r-aclKicornnMiiid,-aiid baa boon ever since
progressinr. How, or by whom it was coiuibenced,
and has been urged forward to the present point,
ibis is iu4-tlio.prrtpepjxxadiufl toiiatBi,...M J.pro-
port! now is to trace -its progress, and mark tne
point at which it has arrived'' (, '
' The first ktiip of this retrograde movement was
the overthrow of the administration of the younger
aTnrlTfaW-?C
ciples and doctrines of the FeJeral national school,
and 00 fiem ha placed thn hop of tiiatntaining his
..elevation.
For the truth of this assertion, I appeall
4o bis HMMHfl addmrend:
two Ilouses ai tbe openings of the annual sessions t
'i. - -"... "-r . - ',
t and in ex tui bm administration irorn nower was. 01
course, a prvlimiuary ana in-nsjieiwanie siepiowarus ;
the fCstoratioii ol tho principles and doctrine ot ; inose enumerated, wilt be indisiunable to place
the eppowite schotil j ami fwrionatcly this was ef. ithe new States, as. far aa the public, domain is con-.
fueled by-a decided majority at the expiration of Icerned, in a condition aa indepetidant of the Gov--his
first teroi. ' ; ' " ' ernment as the old. It is as much due to them, as
The next leb 'was'.he 6naf discharge of llie fniul i is iudispensible to RceompHsh )he great object in
ed debt ; nod bV ihi important step, at so early a , view. The Public domain within these slates, is
friend, now; unfortunately no more the amiable, ; Government. It is difficult to estimate the vast
the talented, the patriotic Lowndes the author of' addition it make to its power and patronage, and
that simple, but cfficiivexoieasure,the sinking fund! the controlling and corrupting 'influence which it
act, pa;d shortly after Uicter
late war. '. , through that, the strong impulse it may receive in
But. the most formidable of all tho obstacles- , a wrong direction. T" i removed, there can
the source of the vast and corrupting surplus, with : be no assurance of a successful and afe steerage,
its. host ut extravaguit and uncouditioiial expendi- s even if .every other sinister influence should be re-
tu res, the protective tarip, stijl remaittcd jnjmt
force. and ohstructod any farther procrcssin the!
ro-action thai had commenced. Bv what debided
fTiiris5jrio'
A .it .i 'I ...i,.r. 1.
iu Qiitniii iii'vu inn uu una un iniw mt m aj..... iii- j . wumg ncai .uu thicisui onv wnoousirck noiil.
sftrtiWenttr-WY;-trmi -fW-i-Hig' ad-4espirat.i4)f ('tr lwf7n-who
sVr.uggGibc'iTlii
IiKiiniiie actV.wVicb'.a'bindoned--1ho -prutecti wriiKf Timrryotti'M'ceo! iti Wti'itek'jftiSiii 'fto
ciple, and has, I trust, cloM-d forovor, what ha
proved i ir tin Government a vaost prolific source
of power, patrouniie, nndjorruption
The next' step in the progress, was the over
t'Fro wlir "tho" Baiik "of TtilS trrttod ttr4-th tmH
tre and soul or the paper system a step that may , age has run her, and bring her triumphantlv into -justly
be regarded as JiiAiufefior. ft...uy ot)ier.iti.her destine jw.rt,, with honor, tq yourself nni safe
ihe wholn eerie. That was followed by ihe depo-1 ty to thoso on board. Take , then your grounil "
site act of '3, which transferred to tliMreasurie i boldly f-avow your object diwdoseyour measures ; ,
of the Spates the vast surplus, which continued to and let the people see clearly that-you intend .
flow in upiMi u, notwithstanding the great reduction j what Jefferson designed to do. but, from adverse
under the ctnnproinisi net. This decisive measure i circumstances, .could not accomplish to reverse -:-dislnirlhened
our aurcbarg'xl. Treasury, and has j the measure originating in principle and policy
fireed on this Government the necessity of re. ; ancongenial to our political system to divest the
Irenehmenl and economy, and thereby has greatly
strengthened and accelerated tho re action. So
necessary is the reduction of the income to reform,
that I am disposed to regard it, as a political niac
in! in free States, that an imjKiverished Treasury,
once in a generation, at least, is almost indipensa-
bla to, too prcaavatiun uf thi:tr..inUl ut ioiia..and .
libertvr., -.j .... , .
, The next stagff in UiO progress, wa the suspen
f Aha .connexion, between. I heGovemmfiut and
the banks,' in consqueucc of tbe suspension of spe
cie pay meiil. This f ocwsionjfT-rded an opportu
inty to strike the first blow against that illegitimate
and unholy alliance. - It wa given decidedly, bold
ly, and vigorously, but1ill with only partial sue,
cess,' The interest in favor. of ntaintainiug the
connexion wa loo powerful to be overconw at once ;
but though not broken, the tie is greasy weakened,
and nothing now i wwnlmg to seyr trvef ihi
fatal knot, but to follow Up what has already been
done by jere?ermg and enerselic blow.
. rhi H tho pent to which the reaction has al
ready. roucbad and the q'lestioo now lobe con-
waWkliMt-Ut.wtutt,fkiiiit . aiil oiLta JaairgcaVaud
what are the intermediate obstacle to be over
comet I am for myself prepared to answer. I
have no-coocealotenl. -My-im is fixed. - Il is
no less than to turn back the Government to where
it commenced it opperatioti in HO; toohliter
ate all the intermediate menures originating in
the peculiar principle and policy of the school lo
twhkh I atn ojiposed, and which' experience ha
proved so dangerous and uncongenial to our sys
tem ; to lake a fresh start a new departure, on the
Slate Right republican track, a wa intended by
the framer of llie Constitution. That is the point
at which I have aimed for more than twelve years,
and toward which I have persisted, -during the
whole period, to' urge my way, iu defiiiiieeof oppo.
sing difficulties, dangers, and discouragements, and
from which nothing shall drive (whito iti jsibiie
life) till tha object at which I aim is accomplished.
Bv fuflhe hioslTormidiblfi difficu'tie are nlreudv
4 surmounted. '- Those that remain aro comDirative.
ly insignificant. ' . '' ..., - "
- Among these, the iwwt imporlatit and difficulty
by far, is, to separate the Government from the
banks hut which, after the blows the "connexion
I n rAce-ived, will require ti t rioch ovoe ibao un
Ibuodution ''of V-!,"tfl 3's!c,u WlI! b':m
achi
'i'i. i w In rarrtf OUT. ill 1110 revii-nm. 01 urn
laritr, w Inch mut lake pl.iite at the next or succeed-v
mg kc.i..n, the provisions of the compromiae ad,
that there nhall be no doty l.ud hot wlwt may be
necessary to the economical and cotihtitutioual
wailts of the Government. Should this be accom
plished, there will be an end to tho protective sys
tem, with all Ihe evil that followed and must ever
follow in 11s train. . Nor can I believe, after what
we h,ve experienced, and whnthas been said do
ling this session, inarrnere win no miyj.iwuiwio.c
d-flkuliy in electing an 'object so, intimately con
7.... J ..a.. anil IrillKlllllIll w ol the I uion
HavinT freed the Government' Irorn l ie papt;r
and protective systems, the next step in importance
is to Hit a final atop to internal improvements, the
constmctioh : and,. iinprovcmBiit -of harbors and
the extravagant waste on which we are pl.iad to
call the pension intern, but which has departed
from every principle .'justly belonging to such a
system. No. government was ever before burden
ed with an cxpendtture o absurd atid Hmstrius
It confounds all distinctions between the deserving
and -undeserving, arid yearly dfaws millions from
adio4ihexca8urx.jvitnou anyjusi ciaun 00 in puuuo
bounty" and ou2ht.t0.te botbarrestedw
A single step more bg the. (iovernment to
the: destined point ; 1 mean a thorougn retorma
tionjn the administrative department of the gov
ernmentr I doubt not but that every branch needs'
reform. -There are doubtless, humefoua demlca
tiona in addition to I bono, brought to light. The
fault has been more in that system (n bmf nara
live of which I have given) thari. those who have
been charged with the administration of lhrGor
eminent. For yeanf money was as dirt. The
Treasury was oppressed "with it, and the only sol
icit uJe was how .to get clear of what was consiu.
ered a useless burden. Ileifco the Vast increase
of expenditures; llonco the loose and inattentive
administration of our fiscal concern; hence the
heavy defalcations. . Nor are these remarks con
fined to4lie-xecutivedenartmeuLofllie Govsm-l
meiitj they apply to all, Xn the two houses of
Coti2rss as to other 6rai1cnesTuTn1ie'reis
longer aur)l us. The Treasury is exhaustod, and j
the work ofretrenchment, economy, and accounta
bility is forced, on us. Reform in Ihe fiscal action
of thu Gcvertuhent can no longer betlelayed, and I :
rejoice that suclf sthe fact. Economy and ac
countability are virtue belonging to frse and pop ,
ulargovernments,'und.)with)ut which they cannot
king endure. TTie asserth
when applied to this Government; arid hence the
prominent Jilace they tecupyxin the ctccd of the
State Rights and Rejublican school.'
Ilavingnaketr-lhese step-bqr-'meTtorerlif-
prominence originating in the principles or policy
of tlie haiioiihl f- Federal "school will become ob
Uterated, and the Government will have been
point ot original departure when it may be jml,on
ns neiv iraca. i o iruara blmiiisi a la se steera'TV
a . . " . ..... S
oitjrcuiicr, ouo imporvini measure, in auouion to i
wwea
ft would be presumptions in me, Mr. President,
to advise those who are charired with the adminis-
irikau MtnulJ k... it.. -C... i. ...i.
, ture that has ever occurcd since the establishment
i ot the l-ederol Government. By beizing it you
may bring the vessel of Stale to a posilion. where
she may take a new tack, and thereby escape all;
- the - rdtoabi aod -bfeakerai wmoHs-whioh a.4aleatcer.
Government of all undue patronage and s'nflucnee
to restrict il to thefew great object intended by.
the Constitution in a word, to give a complete a
cendancy lo the good old Virginia school over its
antagonist, which time and experience has proved
to be foreign to our vstem of Government and
you rnay jmnt wilh confidence. t their, support
wiiuoui I'siKing onjany oUie- nwans of success.
Should they take ucba course at this" propitious
Biouicnt.-ourfrtje and happytinstitfrtionsliwy
perpeiuateu tor generation; but u a different,
snort wsii be their duration. ' - y-;
. .Oii this questson of patronageIciZjiieljdidljV
coocliiMion, that according lo my conception, the
great and leading error in Hamilton and his achool v
originated in a mistake a to the analopv between
our and llie Britidb ystein of Government. - If
we were to judge by their outward form, there ir
indeed, a MriHif)J HflJllfffT? lrftajfr thnm in-tnnn-
particular; but if we look within, at their snirit
- - - J- - " - - -
and genius, never were I wit frw Gnvprnmpni. en
perfectly dissimilar. They are, in fact, the very
oppoitea.Of all froo eovernnieiit that ever W
l-wtd no, I -will enlarge the jmpositinwie)f all gw;"
vernmentsthnt ever existed, free or despotic, the
British Government can bear Ihe largest amniint
of patronage the greatest exaction and Vessure
on the people, without changing it character, or
running into revolution;' -The greater, in fact, its
patronage, tbe' Wronger it is, till the pressure be.
gios to crush theinass of population with its so.
perincunibetit weight. But directly the. opposite
I the case with. ours. Of all government that
ever existed, it can aland under the. least paN
ronage, in proportion to the population and wealth
of the country, without changing its character, or
nazaruing a revolution. I have not made these
assertion livhtlv. Tlmn . iUm.,.Ii r ....t. fc,
.reflection, and can be sustained by conclusive rea.
. . . .-. .., iui.u .
. . . .- - -
wms orawn uom the nature of the two govern
ments? but this U not the projer occasion to dU
cus the snbject.I i ; - ' ,
Lowell divided in Decemlier last 40 per cent on
their capital of j, 500,000, .liesides' reserving a
surplus .d 100,000, for Ihe purchase of new ma
flunery. The Company nm ie no liivid.ind in H37
but rrrvrd thrjr- pn.fits s me, t L')3 l.i-s, they
" "", 1 ' 1 : t
. .
1 1 .
l J II!!!!
THE WESTEliX CAUOLIMw
t. MAt s 33 v a Tnr"
Tui'ksdav Eveniso, Mabcii 21, 1839,
The Junior Editor of thit paper vill be aif,(
from the State for several months after thi$ irC(j
The Penniyhanta Legislature and the hai.
! W'eubstMOrtfy our late accounts, the existence of ,
I considerable excitement in Pennsylvania linsi ,1
4 BinkcThecirettnrstanees- wliieh jr ye-Tie'tqr1r ,e -
these, in. January Jast, the Legislature of that i?ia '
passed an act authorizing a loin of l.KikiO, for iu
.: f .."f. 1 .-
pruwcuiiou ui wuim ui i.uiwiiai tuiprovcrnOQt n l!u
fcute. , Notice was accordingly given by the 8ecrMtrv
of Slate, in pursuance (HF thetct, that proTyisaltforiu
loon would be received uuiil aiettaintlay; butcotiira-J
"ij to il) calculation not i smlwbid was offered, llorc.
- hi
jiiuic, aii. twwiw iwvov.i4 Uj ,iaw wui'W UQTV UPcg fll aJt
pFoiiipOyind BgFTjntfikeirp' tyrthr-capitsttsTf atI -banks
of Philadelphia, such being Ihe fuct, it u On
timre exiraordinary that ift the present instanc not t
dollar was oflered it isjo strange that we" are led (o
inquire what cause could have produced iti Wby, jt;
seems that this state of thing Ima been "Brought '
about by a combijutios qf the lurger institutioirt nj,.
Ui United Sukcsjkink at tlieirhead;" and the ul ja
of the comiiinalion is to force the Legislature into cor
and produce 'pol if icol effect ui'Tfuj'Slalc
The whole matter, We aro not 'urp. is'cd to.we, h
been the occasion of no little excitement at Ilsrriaburg, ,
and, iu fact, throughout the Slate. The Governor ki
sent to. tho legislature avery spijiied message on tU
subject, iu which. he ay that the State ownrstodi j
these bank to the amount of $iIW,00, and yet can.
not obtain one dollar to meet its emergencies. The"
fact ia, every honest citizen of the country, wke m:L
is not warped by psrty prejudice', must fuel indignant ,
at the conduct of the United Slates Jhnk io its mv
JcHt issumjrtions
tiou,1or"se vera! years past, bus pursued a course of us
Uwful, and dangerous interference is regards the trad,
currency nd "politics of Tlie country, whicfi cujlit tr
Spcnjhe eyes of all candidjiieri, and turn .them aiuia
ii, . .i oui.ii uiauiiiiuiii tiiswtuiious, wuicn, irom ttitt
very nature, and immense power of corruption, always
maintain a atruggle witli;. if they do not prevail v:, v
and control the civil government. 1 ' - " " '-'
lie following is an extract frorn the Meiyagau'CDC'
Pirtei;tolie Pennsylvania Legislkterer- - -y ' ';
Howong the repreeentativea of t free people will
iubiiiit to a tate of things, niauifeatly brought aenst iy
a couibinatiori among the institutions of I heir owncna-
oom n nrior we vcigminre w ocjerrrune; tratm're
certainly, a manifest impropriety a pormitting the
neyed resonrccjof tho Commonwealth to be tiBed to
Lei owu tfijurv. : Khe owoa of the capital stock of Hit
.Jknkof-4?eiins)lvaoia-a,to0 shares, IfKHI.-amonn'mr -
uimr r.kiu, w - -. - , ,,UlJ0,W
5,23d share in the PhiladelpnXBank, at
ltX, ' ..:.-'--. V' S-J3,3i
1,708 share in the Farmers' and Mechanics'
Bank, at ieVi(l. " . - - - . , - - 5.,jrr
Aiiwiuilliug ill the whole W "" -
ana wntcti aro believed to be worth a considerable a
vance. -" . . ; , '..;'. 'X .-
. . . .. . . . . rv
cnCTgemcnts which it had no hand in contractin3.ini
find itself mbsrWBed in its outset for want of luf
'WWeWThe
M MAiaaJic,,ftbaitaii to! .
atemhly directe.1 toiiechorgo the' public fikbilitit,iii"
maintain unsullied, the public faith. If, in its effoil
so to do, difficulties are in'erposod by altompts attorn
binafion among moneyed men and moneyed instiiutiom,
they most assua-dly will discover that, so lout(lie
.ExecuUvarwwiar.j:emajji.ia,tJi9.ban
now placed, they sin 11 never control cither WpoTiiMT
or fiscal operation :.but that tbiU irrest Commoriwet!:ll
muwana wiirri8ewprrorT0 ffn Such ItiempK "
All experience gtx;s to show that the evils anticipa
ted by many of the best aiid most 'aagncious "alatnHa4'
from the grants of corporkte powers to oioncyal int
tutions, have been more than realized, and li.w!d
oionifcli u to be cautious in continuing to aia&eeucii.,
unrestricted grants. ' . -' ; 1 : .--
With no desire to create distnist or alarm, 1 wwl
but feel that il is the" misuse and abuse of the pr
thus committed lo such inktitutionatlut have more tl
once led to tho ernbanaksmonts in the momentary cin
cenisot tlifl couutry.' I csnnot close this cnniraunict
tion without appealing to this Legislature, and ralK
upon them by every principle of patriotism totakew11
action in this matter aa will enable the State to vindi
cate her character and credit, and .to take immtw
measures for separating the Slate from all connect.,
with a eet of institutions that have so repejitedly tl' '.
ippaiMlCSUhft Jiitexie64atwiM4if.iN. fvUMdM
which no relianco can be placed when the exitfwta
the State may require a call tfinp them.
. . . dayid r. porter-
Executive Chauiber, ilarch 7, Ib-'JD. ... , . .
' Hon'.' Eli More of 2V. y.-A short time'prt
to the delivery of Mr, Clay' speech in the Senate,
abolition, which has been so highly lanJed, nd general'
ly appro md. .Ifr. Eli Moon, on tba occasion Qf prwnt-
log a memorial from citizens of the District, reii.--ing
against any interferenc widi their inetituti n M
proceeding to.dcclare bis views en the subj-ct, bid
ri prevented front, doing- so, by tb inlorforonce of
ThDitljKfen'br'Sabtti CarVitiiVCwho contended thi ?
expresbions of the kind would be an infringeincitt
the resoluliorw introduced by .Mr. Atberton and
tabid Jitig the agitation of Uie subject f 1hi was, f
as we kiTuw, right.enough ; ami under llie eircuii',,!i1
Mr. Moore did iiot deliver his speech, but g u"!l"
that be should publish it as .intended to be dt'hr "
This he accordingly did. We have received a cfT
these remark, and fiud io them a clear and trium)'
.hint
Vindu-ftl im rA 'ft. IP SlnnOu. .ii.Lta'' lllA srTUlT
rnt
ingenious,' and strung, and the condemnation of sto 1
lioil fanatrcisro bold and rebuking. Hoiwr o
honor is due." If MrvC!ay deserves tin pra
hava been - bestowed in no stmrinV measn
r,re, iw e
r 1 t. - ' -: ti f . -ir r r:-
l z . '
iriii ttii ahnHlmn. umimlls Afr." Moore. .
man, and as such at leaat equally entitled ooor t,"!';'
oucht to receive a proportionate meed of appUos
asinucb too, as bis w as the prior expression. - ,
iT All tlie information of any importance wlW
have from
the forth-saster(i Dorner, w
extracts given this week
It wiil be' secft lro'"'
that t!i- lielligorent parties reu.ain pretty dju'
jxnt wi'iliout any very dajigeious proi-
t of
lC"
It is iiio.-f pro!
t'.-l I! ' V