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JXl.JJ 'I'LXll
TtTT POW tll NOT DELEGATED TO TBI V SIT ED iTATES BY THE CONSTITUTION, NOR rROUIrUTKD e To TUB STATES, ARE RESERVED TO THE (1 ATEf ttKSPECTIVELY, OR TO THE FROM.. AnffldtHentt to tkt Con$tUtltUm, AriXclt Xr -
dumber of Vouutt 2lZ.J
SALISBURY, IV. ' C, DECE31BER 17, 1841.
j Whote Mmhcr 1,C0G.
NEW TERMS
Or TDK 1
CBI,I3IIKD VVKEKI.V::::::::::f HAS. P. FISHER,
' ' Editor and Proprietor. " ''
' SBS-Bsa
VMTnm Cajioli.nia.s is published every Friday
,VorM4t i 3 per annum i Wiwfi-w ftf 50 if
pn. iffit i i'iw wwfftt o'Jiervi.-e ait eiff imsim-m.
enc pt at tt'u KJUur'i uia.reiioii, until all rresrugi!
ere r.td, if th ot'criber is wotih the subscription ;
and the failure to notify the K iit of a wikIi lo Uiacon
tmuc, at 'errl of xojnii before Uk- md ol the year
tnliecrif -at tor, will be consiacrcd i.i engagement, i
lW A'lwtt"u'm'jn"' conspicuously and correctly in
serted at mil per Kiuaro-d tmy4 fifteen Hue
oi tliicsi wu t) i.)--tortlio fimt imitiou. and 25 wnu
f(ir cadi continuance. Cr.urt ami Judicial advertise.
fiionit & tier cent.' higher thauiV above rsio. Ade.
(ifirH't.i "i ''J. p''f c,'nt- fr"' the regular puces will
1 invi. lo yearly advertiser. lO Advertisements
wTit in pubUratfai, roust lie marked with the nnm
. fr-rot (ii'i'i'iii desired, or they will bo continued till
jrbii, ami cWr.'- accoruniffiy. j
jtura 'iiJlrc :ed lo the Alitor on lus,nrs muni
rnmr t ut K r i. I ace, or tlif Kill wit if ulti mltd to. j
Joui tial of itaiakhiK :
jii vii.Li 'i ..i. i.uLij;,()iM'iHLAiJt;i.i'inA. j
Thi Joiriisl will i-wtun
l.-i. no Wii'H of " A Hliort History of Paper t
Muif) ami liunkni" in 'tli? UniU'd tmun," by Win.',
-M tioiiffl, i'h rrrpiofand aduitu, bfinging tin-
ti unlive ilut n tn Hip pri-aciit-nmc.' .
M. f-V' "n Buikinj, Currency, F.nhan;f, and t
I. ir (lt U in which t lturti will be tnaJe To place f
I'lo'.-'tuhj'iu in the clenre't liht pufnUe. j
A aeini-montlily review ot 111 time, embracing
tin-nv.st nnp'rtanl rvenla, penally tlmae which al-.j
j r! i'ii' general np"rIU'H ft humncsa. j
4,h ' itiiKi-r.anemi m1ler will, while itj
f L L ...II.... a il
)(' " 'rb ,,( '-''"S
true cTianK. r
( t nur '.: r in"nry nl mdinr- hy.trm, urn! in?
f (T ct ii liaf '' !"' ""&'. Niid haj'p.iK-f ft" tlio rt r
,, ri .! of Hi-' c ' iiniioiiy.
I't i- J 'i"nl w i! lierrfeial!y r ii'led fm Tariiier
Mi'l M-r'ci-ic-, l-u it i li.'i nl M I l.ot prove unii".
f,;!t.. V.erclui.t!' ! ',!' prJuct IT'- ine.nbera of no.
i
!
It ui!) lie piiWi'Iml f r' et. two week, i.ichi
T-'iti.li'-r ivi 1 rv.niiii
i.h-r Wi I cv.tiiill fllf.-n pvl" 'iao. I'ouimi
eiitiin. w.th the leaws ftirliM.' .,n.J rut, ttm. u.iitn.e
(i!rhi i.' .irid rut. ttm unitioL' r-
t-.e
tantiges l tne opr-ii trior vuwi a n.riu con-.
KH"II l'ir I'lll'!
nil o fair lirfl the type goal. The
p .ir vi ill be
' r nne ri p), one ii
I'nr fn-ir r'.-' . five
!!ar :..! fi' y crnis a year.
1 ''2r, er one dolinr an i tw i
t -ftM c ht r -Ml.
I'ii ten C"p ' " '','',,f. ' r "'r r'o'la' eueh.
i all -,!' mhtri ip :rr mutl If pint is orfntcc
i'i(ai;.ij.iiiu.
Xoilh Cnrofinu Tniir.nrc Vniou.
T
PMI" s,te 'I enwicfi' Srie of .V C at its an
t.ii! 'nei liniF, rlffi rteil il Kaei-iit've t :t-nnutlce to
tske lie i-ti'-'S t- -r th" '.aSI'lini'nt, ft t n pi ice, ot a
In oHe-lieuce lo I heir wi-.hr. aid iiiipr,."f W'tfi til"
. ... . t- . - j
:i.NtKl ON.en ihe fir' l J-inuary mt.
et".ii'n"t. if S'ltti'-ieiH ene innsreiieni esn
The lecil.i g ol"J-et of liie I limn Will he, 'lie !'
-frr.ri'tion nfrempernee princmlrs We ehsll en
deavor to presrnt in its "pswrJi tillt FmrH nf h trv
(rr s of I'm Te ..persnce csne m our own and in
f ifein lin.ls l its eHeel npon individual and osn-miunis-a-and
i-rrinr.1 articles in dclcnce nt Us prin
e.ple, rn.l in lepy to Ihe lartous ohjeclioiia ured
e.inst it.
W lule, rVsreer. the prnmreinn of Temperance wtM
be tb Bret and lealiej objVl nf imr Jowrnal, it a nor
inteniust, thai ita pac't ettall becnliwnedby a general
fummaiy of ue nif5t important rvrritsnf the day, and
by particular sltentinn to rh.i interest of Atiiculture.
In carrying out this ot jM, the Committee Wk with
entittilenoe to the friends of rcuperance, particularly
H N'trth ('dtti, for aid and support - A new tm
til has renin given to the cuw in tins 8iate, Were
th'a the proper ocramon, wa could tell a tale of what
la been panmj under onr own r? e, which would
tnd a thrill of j-vf tliMUgd over? benevolent hesrt.
The refs-rastron or the inebriate hst cimmenced, and
is still going no. with a power an I success, which the
tnnst iiniiit ie never dared lo anticipate. Give us but
the means .4 commtmiealion, and wu trut that an in
fl ietiee wilt g i forth from the t'aprtol of tlie old North
Ktaie, to its r-motest boundary, Inst will lell upon Its
ii mmies anil prosperity throuuhalt fiilnre (fenerations.
I'ermit us, Ihen, most urmitly to appeal to ver?
friend nf Temperance, Morality, and good order, to aid
li prmpttf. Arthr-nhjeet r lo commencs with the
new yesr, Jttnti nn the part -of if friends mny lie ftal.
I-t every individual then, who feels an interest im our
aueesss, and vi-ry Temp -riinee Suciety, liecnme re
a iwi!ile, nt n ife lor the number of copie, w hich tin y
H ip t-e can l' rimilated in their viennt j , a, id fgrward
tVir names i iuneJinisly, fir 10, 00, ,.t .ill eosni-s, n? j
il,. f nlT ii.. ,t., n..n,t .-.f ih.-ir ncif'.Vri'y I mny
pi ' 'v In th s wav only, can we nopn Mr suceees in ;
o.'"ir.rt
At a met'ng of tho Bxecntivs t'o mittee if the N
Tempi r., nee Siiciely, the following resolution was!
aJnptiid : Whereas, ar'rangeuien'a have K.-en made fi
c anmence the puhhraiem of a Teni'f'rsnee Jmininl in j
hc f'py .,f R .leiph. on the first ..ek Jimnry nex', ,
, pmvi led nm TtioravNO iihcnber can b" oMoined.
fteattW, t hat il tie most earnestly recommended lo i
each of the Officer of the S'ato Temp ranre Society, .
kurl to ths mcnlM'rs of tie la'.s State tVnventlon. and !
, lu any w o are Iriendlv to the r..ar-, inunediately wticr
the ris.eipt o' t'na re-!n'in, ta iKfouie resprtnsihK' fir J
from 10 in.'sl Snhscnlier., so that ihe.pulilication may !
Conimnes at Ibe im rontetnplated I
. ' B order ot the Kxecutive t'ommittee of the North
Carolina Slate Tentix rn,ce Society.
Ti:U MK:
Th North Carolina Temperance Union will be pnV 1
liwhed weekly on a in-Minm sheet, (say 'Jti hy li inches,) '
at Doe Dillar and r i"v l,eutr p r annnin. payable IV
'ADVAXCK. letters containing SuHsmts-r name
', and femtltsnees, mit bo directed, potsiiil or free, l
th Trisiauwr of Ihe Society, Jans Baows, Raleigh,
Nonk,aiu,-' : , ,
. - All the newspaper ia the Stat are respeetfully re
v nni ti give thl Pro pectus mr n? two issitrtines.
iki'hidi' rs Vgu.
To the Sfnate and I lout of , 1
' Krprexntative$ of the Vniteil Statu .
Incoming together, fellow citi;fl'n, lo enter again
upon tin dischjrjje of I lie duties wtlli wlncli tlia
Ptfoplo huve cliMrgi'd ux, auverally, we find ureal
(MTaxi'm to rejuico in the general pnofcrity of the
country. We are in the f njoyrpenl of nil the ble
ni!: of civil and religion liberty, with unet mi
pleii mciitis of education, knowledge, and improve
ment. Through' the year which u now drawing
lo a clow, ppHtfl ha been In our borders, ami plen
ty in our hiihilaiion ; and although diseaae Ima vi
ited aome few porlimia of the land with dial remand
moralitvH id general the health of the People
ban b-i ffVrvecl, and we are oil called 0kmi, by
ihi hiaben obligiti m ofdijiv, to ronew our thank
nod our ilfotiou to our H 'svenlv Parent, who baa
continued to ?oiichale to ua the eminent bleasinga
winch xurrouud us. and who has so arcnally crown
ed thi year with Ms goodne a. If we find oiira!lve
ini-renani,lteyondef unplfl, inniiililx ri, mstrenj;th,
in wealth, in kuowledce, in every thing which pro
moiei Iniiimn and socihI Iwppmcss, let ua ever re.
nieuilfr our df pendente lor all tl.ene, nnilie pro
tci'tion Ht.d nu rcilul dinpeisniioii f Divim- Pr .vi
denre.
Since your tnl aJjournnient, Atexnrrder McLefM,
a Rri'ith wilijeri, whu was indieied fori hi' murder
ot an American citron, ami wlrise hn been
the aulijrt of a enrrespondenro linreinforc commu
nicated lo you, hni bci-n acquitted hy the verdict of
nu impartial and intelligent jury, mid hm, u tier
the jwlgnient -of the Court, twen rcguUrly din-,
charged
(Jniiit Britain hivinj mvlo known i tlii (?ov
ernnnMit that tho expedition which wija fitted oul
trim Canada fur the deal ruction of the. ctenuiboxt
Cur line, in ilie winter of 1837, and winch rt-ault
ed in the deitructimi ol (Mid bout, and in the death
ol an American c tizen, was u'idi'rtalten bv order
eman iting trevn the authorities of ihe lintmi G .v,
crnnimit, in Csn uli, and demanding the di--. hrge
ol Mrlji-od upon the n round that, ifeugaerj 1 1 h.i'
exedilion, Im did but fulfil the order ol'bi Gov
ernment, haithut been iirmwored in the nut tay
in which !he could be anwered by a Gov-rntiioiit,
.1 ('...!.. ..I. ... I...... k a
., . : ::-:zr?rrrjTr?rri"r-
era I rteinrt merits ny tne tuniiinnRtilat u. tliii-
p'lv for the people if Great I'ntniM, well n
tn se of lb" limted Slates, llio only ovale by which
an mmvidiml, arrngtied for a criminal nfl-uico, be
l'ir t ie C our's of cither, cm obtain his diiachiirjjo,
j 1 1 bv tlie indeiH-ndrut tjetinn ol the judiciary, and!
bv proceeilings rquully l iimliar to th'j Court of
ti 'h crsinirHT.
If in Groat Pritnin n p wcr exit's in Ihe Croivo
In eaise to be entered a nu!lr pratrqui, nvhtr.h is
riot the cne with Or" Kx-H'tilive power f too Uni
ted rftatei upon a prosecuiion perilling m a State
(' urt ; yet lltcrr, no more llwo itre, can the chitf
I'.xet'dive nnwer rescue a prisoner from custivlv
without nn order of Ihe prer Inhuoal' dirocting
In lach'ire.- The precise at age of th' iirocnd
inijsnt whic'i r:c pHermay be mi le,i a matter
of muiiirip.il regulation eiclusively, nnd not lobe
cn'tipUia-l of hy nny other Government. I wra
es ot this kind, a Government leo-ns riticsll
rHiionsiWe.orJ.wbea
are atiown to have rendered unjust and nj irious
j i rgmeiTrfTmtnttera nor flrHibliuiT rrt-ije eslao
lisnrmMil and elucidation of Ihta prn ijilo, nn rialion
his lent its authority mure emYieniiv ihan Great
llniain. AletHtider McLeod hsvinit his opt on
coiM-r lo prusecute a writ of error from the deci
i ei of the jvipremo Court of the 6nited Slates, or
lo ub njft iiVs vasi to the oeciWrori of a" ' juryi pre
n I'vnn j n iin-ranon, an.i ino rosuu uas iuiiv
. '
t ic I'ucjisli Giveinmenl that the prmciplca of jus
tie s will never fil govern the enlightened doci
i in ol an American 4ribunal.'-!rLcanuoLt'lLlowJ
ever, lu suggest to Congrewslbe propriety, and, in
s ime degree, ihe necsit?, of making Minh pr ivi
in bv law, so far a they may consiitutnuiully do
to, lor tho removal al their commencement, and at
the.optinn of tho party, of all such cases a may
hereafter arise, and which may involve the faith
fol observance and fxecuti-n of our intf rnation il
. obligation, from the Slate tolho Federal Judiciary.
Th' Government, by our 'institutions, is charged
with ihe maitilenai re of peace and the preserv ittou
ol amieablt relations with Ihe nati i- oi iun eanh,
and ouifht lo pwess, without o.e s'i o. all Hie re.
wmabt't anl proper means of maintaining the imi
and preserving Ihe other. lulst j nt cinhicne'
is fell in the Judiciary of the State, vet inn G .v
ernmenl ought lo bo competent in I -ell' lor 'he f-.it
Ill'nOI OT HIT IIIT IIOIIT- WIH:' III. , u l': le. W
el nam it u id.ir thr orgui- li.v, ny he S ito
Iheinsclro.
In tiie month nf September, n pirtj ,if arun-'l
men from Upoer (Canada invaded ibe tenitorv el
the !iutt'd States, snil forcibly seiz -d iohmi the pi-r
son of one Grognn, and, under circum-iaiices o
grual Inr'hness, liorrietlly carried bi'ii.Jieyotid In
limits of the United Stales, nnd ileyeu d In n im
to the n.itliiin'ies of Upper Canada. His i .mie.li
nte ili-r!iir;e w ,s ordered l,y th e .initio . nn-s,
iijioii the facts i if tho rase bcttiu hr njiit to icr
knowlcljM- n rou'se of pr"cediir- sincii wis in
h,ne licen cyphered from a nation 'Mti leoi we
r. . .c. . j...'. . ...... ..i. w .. I
are nt peace, iiimI w inch was not in n- 'iu- t He
r'L'ht" of the Ignited Stale-, than lo its own re.ni i
f'r jiisin o. The correspoti'li-'H.-e ip-n piss-,1 n.
twi'i'ti tlie D.-ia-irtmeiil nf Slate, mil t'i t--i;-n
I'ov.iv, Mr I'ox. and with the ! -vern r . ( Ver
moni. a soon as itie facts Imd lieen mado kniwi
iothis It'partment, nre herewith ciiui nii'iiciiti ,1.
I regret that it is not til my mwer to make
known to ymi an equally satisfactory enra ln-i-vn in
the case of the Caroline, steamer, with the tin u n
Ktance ronoocted with the destruction of which,
in t"ronihcr. 1PM7, bv mi armed fo ce due I mn
in Ihe Province o I j'r Canada, nu nre already
made apqualnte.l. No w:'i ntonement as was due
for the public wrong done to the United Stuti s In
this invasion 'd her territory, wlmllv irrecom i
lahle wnh her riL'hls as nn independent power, ha-
yet Ist ii made. In Ibe view taken b tins t ncrn j
ment, tlin i-nquirv whether lite vessel was in the
employment of those wao w-re proseru'tnff nn nn
authnnz "d war againat IhV Pmviner, or" w i en
gaged by the owner in the husmessnf transporting
po-etigers to nnd from Navy Hand hi hopes rt'
P'jvnt i 4in, whtch Waaj most probably tho Cuw.
in ho degree alien the real question tit issue be
I wee it the two (i ivornmnnts. Tins Government
run eet'er coininiaT3TSfiy"1Kir fgiT SVeriimii'Dt'the
lower, eicepl in a caw of the in st urgent and
ireme iieceimiy, of infuding ita territory, cither
to arn-st the persona or destroy tho property of
ihose who may have violated the municipal laws of
auch loreign titveriiment,orhavediiregnrded their
obligations arising under the law n nations. The
territory of the United Htatea mint bo regarded
an uncivilly secure against all such invasions, until
they shall voluntarily Hcknowlcil'ga.lhcir inability
to acquit themielfea of their duties to others.
And in annuuuciug this sentnneni, I do but affirm
a priiinple wlin.li nonntiim onearth would be more
ready to vindicate, at all hazards, than the people
and Government of Great Brit lin.
-If,' upon a full investigation of a!) the facia, it
shall appear that the owner of the Caroline was
gofemed by a hostile intent, or !7d made common
cause with those who wore in the occupancy of
Mftvy I'dii'I, tnen, so fur aa bo is concerned there
can b n ivnin t" nidomuify for ihe destruction
of Ins b iut, winch t!us (r ivernnient would feel it-
sell b'-aiiid lo ppinecute since he would havo acted
tint only in ilerouMiiou of the rights of Great Bri
tain, hut in clear violation of the laws of th1 United !
Stittea; hut that is a question which, hn-vuver ot-
tlu), in no manner involves the blither conmdera-1
lion of Ihe violati'in of territorial sovereignty and
juritdi Into. I o recoguiM it as an admissible pruc.
nee thai each Government, in. its turn, iijmn any
audiien and unauthorized outbreak, which, on at
frontier, tho exient of which renders it imposmblej
lor other to have an efficient force on every mile i
ot it, and which out-break, therefore, neittter may I
ba able to -juppress in a dy", may take foneance
into us own hands, and without even a remonstrance, '
and in t ie absence ot any preying or overruling!
necessity, hhv invade the territory of the other,
would inevitably tead to rcsulta eq tally to be de
ploicd by (Kith. When birder collisi ns come lo
receive tn snnciion, or lo ba mtdeon the authori
ly o eiliu r Government, general wsr must be tha
inevitable r -in . Wmlo it is the ardout desire of
the U'liie.i ates to cultivate too relatiooaof peace
with a I nations, and to fulfil all the duties of good
neiieori'iotl towards thoso who poss:sa (erritories
adpiioin their own, that very desire would lead
tiiein to deny tho right ot aov loreign power to in
valle" their bowtid ry-nh- a anod lorca J'na
corrcsDondenco but ween tho two Governments im
this subject, will, at a future dty ol f our session,
be subnuttej to votir cooider.iiion j and in the
mean time, I cannot hut induigx the nope that Ilio
Bii'uli Government will see me pr ninety ol re
nouiKin;, as a rule ot trine nc;to:i, Ihe preceileut
. .1 . .V ...1
wnic'i lias ueeii sei tiie aintrat st-iiosser( A
l herewttn sutunt tie correp--niience which has
recent!? laxen p. id l i weeo Hie Anericnn Mima
er nt the (,'oun of m. J ime, Mr. Stevenson, and
the Min'-"er ! F.-r Mrii Ailiit of thai Govwrn-
mei.t, cn tiie rig it cWnned by that Guvcrrummt lo?
v;m! Boo n mjii ve-i-1 a.iniiig unaer i e American
ftijj and engaged in pr secuting In lut cuoinmrca
in th- Airioao s4' .s. Our cominercml Interests, lo
that region have ei;rieuced csi-iderableincreise,
and hive b"cout an -dj-sct f much importance,
ami it is the duly of (his Government lo pro ect
them aai i.) at- improper and vexatious interrup
llwlfetW
for h" s i.i ressiou of tne l iva trade, they canilol
co i ot. To interpolations into ibe mar timd codt?, si
I e ii re will and pleasure of ot be' Government.
A deny Ihe riirlit of anv such inlerDotation loanv
one, or all ihe nation of tjie earth, without our;
consent We claim lo h ive a voice in all amend j
ment or alteration nf that code aiid when we!
'are gifwn "I t 'understand; a in 1hi tnstaoee by a
nations csunot be ex'-cuteal without the establish
munUoJ.vnkticoHWJkUd' msm pjntdcaaar4i.raLrT'Aluii naei
pilic-, in be applied w-ith.vit our consent, we must!
employ a laneoage wither of rq ii vucal'imporl, or I
susceptible ' iniscon-arucnoii. American citizens!
ortvseculine a lawful commerce in tho African seas, ;
minor tin Hag ot tUuir t0iilry,irenot reprTi3tWe
for the iiliusr or unlawful use of that ft if by other t
nor ran tliev ngliltul'y on nccount of any rich al
leid abue be interrupted, molestc-d or letained
wtiil- mi the m-ean ; and if thus mot -st-d and do
laiiied, while pursuing h tn-st yoyage-i, in the usual
wav, and viulaling no law themselves, they nre un-
qjesn mably entith.d 1 1 indemnity. This G ivern '
menl n a ma ijfeste.i i' ropug:iance to the l,ivo
in i i a manner which canuot be intrmHer-aood.
il , ion l.iiituutal i,i '. it presented limits in xiint
tie - its ciiniiiiMoce ; ami igninst its on
jciitz - s, sli i might so far forget the riht of hu
i tii mi v us to i-ngigo in lh.il wickd truftie. it has
j onj -nice, by its iniiiii-ipii laws, df noum e I ihe
i ,n st coudiu pu'it-hiiicnt. Many id Ilie Slate
i iii "nun tins Ui.io'i. nave ma.io appeals lo tne
' IT i...
. i -
civi izcd world for lis wijipie-M Mi, long belore tnt
rn'ir il 'us ol otliei iiiiioiishid bi'i'omii'shiickeU
iv lite i ,iq iii :e- ot Hie irallic. V hi ther Ibis Go
vcr uncut mioiilil u .iw nter into treaties coma, mug
rntMu il stipulaii his upi.i uiis silly -ct, a q testiou
tor t s m itjio ileib"ia-.iu. Uertsiti it is, ihal il
j i im- I'lli' in rlelaiil ymcriran snips mi IliO high sens
lean lie j i-litied on Hie plea of uneces-nty for such
j l-t '.iii i t, nriM .'x out i.f the exigence of tri-nties
i. i v -e.i niiier na'ioiis, tne Kime plea m ty li 1 1 .
i ico I. i in i rui ir 'r 1 bv tti i new stlji ilallo'is ol new
in i'ii., to winch the United Stales-m y iml bra
.iii i'ii,.- (iiiveiiinicr.t will not crasu to urix .
11,1.11 r .ii hi Ini'dt 15' mii'i, bill ami ample reinuno ,
r.i'i i . for all I lls,'-, whether arising from detenu in ;
r .cnerwise, in winch .VmeriCiil citizens ive j '
;e!of re tie n, or may hereafter '' sunjoclial, hy
Hi" rxcrvise i f ritr'its which this G vi rnniei, cm '
ii.,t ic .ifiii-e -is l.'iiinvitc nnd proper. Nor will
I in,) r , a ilonltt but ili it the seifQ of j'isiicn of
li ' I J ; i , will coiisttaiti InT to mike ntribu
ii ! r i" r..ng, or l", which any American'
. .i. c,,j igc I in Ihe (irosecuiion nf lawful coin
i re . o.ay have , xpene.iced al the ban I f tier
run ns, or nthi'V publn: nuthotitie. Tl.- Go
veru nent, at the same lime, wid relax no f .rt lo
prevenl lis citizens, if there Im any m disiiiiaed,
trim pnweenting a Iralli so revidting lo the leel. 1
ins nf . humanity. It seeks to do no more than to!
protect tho fair nnd hum's! trader from oslesiairon 1
aid injury; but while tho ruterpristng m nner, I
ivjr.iiiod in thepursuit of an honorable trade, is!
c Mil led to its protection, it will yistt, with rondign j
ii rush, nent, niiier ( an opposito charactnr,
(. invite
ynir atieuieiii.tn existing laws far. th :
i,t l"l,u fricsn klave tea, IS. and reco n.
suppression
" ' l i
i tnenJ at) fjch
Etrorswiw, ct iij. t imo. iirc-tiii,
greater force and efficacy. . Phut Ihe Amoricao flig
is grosMly abused by the abandoned aHd pruAigate
-of ottwr -oatioosis. but i0 nrobsble. , Coogreas
has, nut long since, ha i ihta suhjeU ututer Ha cou
aideralion, and ita imorlance well justifies renewed
nd anxious attcuiioo.'
1 also coinmuim ato herewith Ihe copy of a cor
respiuidence heiweon Mr- Stevenson and Lord
Palinerstrm, upon the subject so interesting to aeve
ral of Ihe Southern States, of Ihe rice duties, winch
resulted honorably to the justice of Great Britain,
and advantageously lo the Untied State.
At the opening of thfl last annual session, the
President informed Congress of the progress which
had then been made in negotiating a convention
between thta fiovernrnenl and thai of England,
i h a view lo the tin il aettlemenl ol the question
or lire boundary between the territorial limits' of
the two countries. I regrot to say, that little fur
ther advancement of the object has been accom
idiahed since laat vear ( but tins is owing to ctr
cumstincee n way indic itiv of any ubatcn entof
the destro of both parties to hasten tiie negotiaiioi)
to its conclusion, and lo settle the question in dis
pute, as early-as possiblo. In the course? of the
session, it is my hopo fo be able to announce aoiua
further degree of prncr.-, 'towards ibe accom
phshmcnt of this highly desirable end.-
The cnmmi Mon appointed by Ihis Government
for tho .exploi anon and survey of the hoe id bound
ary sepirating iln States of Maine and New Hamp
a hire from Ihe conterminous British Province, is,
it ia believe,!; about to close t field labor, and ia
expected lo report Ihe result of it examina
tions to the Department of State. The report,
when received, will be laid below rCongressjA
: - - The failure on the- part of Spaia lo. pay, with
punctuality, the iuteresl due under tb ( Hivenlion
of H3t, for tho sattlrin nt of claims between the
two c luutries, baa made it the dutyif Ihe Execu
tive to catl the particular atiention of thai Govern
ment to Ihe auhjert. A dispisnMon ha been msiii
tested by it, which is believed In he entirely sincere,
to fulfil it obligations, in this respect, o soou aaita
internal condition and titer state of it finance will
permit. An arrangement ia in projj'e, from the
result of which, it itruiid, that irmaeoJ ourcili
Etna who have claima under the Convenlioo, will,
at no distant day, receive the atiuulaled payments.
A Treaty jt Commerce End Navigation,, wilh
-Belaiurn wa cpnclu l l and signed at Waslungtoo
on the 2(th Mare , 1840, and ws"dury saiicliuoed
by the gena'.e of the United 8te The Treaty
waa ratified , by Hi Belgian Majesty, bu did mi
receive the approbation of ihe Bu uin Chambers
nihin the tune iuruted by its terms, and has, there
'lore, become foirt.
Tbi occurrence assume the grnvej aspect from
tha consideration that, in 1833, a Treaty negotia
ted between the I wo Governments, ami raiitiod on
the part of the United State, failed lo be ratified
ofllh part of IJelgiu n. The Reprceentalivw. td
Government, at Washington, inform Ihe 1 pay
ment of Stale that he has beco instructed in give
f xul.inations of the causes which occaaioned delay
in Ihe approval of the late Treaty by the Legnla-
lure, and lo eipru the regret, oi ibe lliug at Ibe
occurrence.
The j tint commission under theConventiuo-with
Tex, lo ascertain lite true boundary between Ihe
pal report of the comniiSNioner ol Ihe I'l.ned Slate
"Tias rhil been receTveJ. Ti 7aumlerriio7'howe77
that the meridian tine, a traced by ihe coniiDie
sionerof the United States has not been received.
It ia understood, however, Inat Ilio meridian line,
a traced by ihe corn. Mission, lies some hal further
Kin! than I bo nmulion hitherto eeiieralv auntned
o'i,Mil;'fwiiitt4ucm
DelonEinir luthe ata e - l L. umiaoa Suj Arkansas.
est in whatever relates lo tbi oung, but growing
Republic. Sett.ed pri iripally by einijm.ia Iroiu
Ihe United Slates, iav happiness to know,
thai Ihe great print iples of civil liberty are there
destined -U (rial-Uld'rwev itistitutimis and
wholesome liws : ami fiat, tlronuh its examile. an
other evidence is In tie titt'irde-l of me capacity of
popular institutions to a tvance the pr-isjieriiy, hap
pines, and perin.nc lit (lory n he luman race.
The great 'ruth, mat government w is ins le fur I lie
people, and not ihu pi'ople for gitveroinent, ha ai
r"ndv been esiablrshed in Ihe prcttc-and by Ihe
example of these United Spites ; and wc can do no
ether titan coni. mpl lie its lur her rae.upiificatnai
by a sict -r Republic, with the itcepest interest
Oir relatiiMis wrtn ihe iudeM-u.ient States nt this
hemisphere, fiirmnt I v under the dominion nfSpam,
have not un ierg mi' any nuiterml cnmign witnin the
past year. The iiiC' SKaul sa iguinarv c inflicts uj,
or bciweeu ttiose countries, ar lo Is; greally de
plored, as mve-san y leudnig In disable litem from
srf inning their duties aa oi" uUtsuI' the co "inu
nity ol tuitions, and rising io the ilr-tiny which the
position and natural re hi ices ol many ol them
iiiht It-ad them jiisily 1 1 ani cipate, a ciHiMiitly
givi ig ticcastnii, alu. directly or iiidir-'Ctty, for com.
plaints on the part ul our citix 'ns wtio resort ihith
er tor purpoi.es of coiinm reial ui'i-rcourse, nnd aa
rua.rdiog reparation f i n tn alieady comiuiltud,
some of which are bv no mean- of recent dale.
The tailuro of the C-aigresa nt Kut ador lo bold
n si s-ion, at the li no appoinled tor (oat purpose, in
J i in.iry Inst, will prohibit rt ivler u Imr I ive a tieuly
of commerce w it i unit K teibuc, w hich was signed
'id U nt., on ihe 1311 Jan.', fait, and had brrrt
duly raltlin t on our pait.h n which rcquin-d Ihe
upprnhiiion if ilia body, prior to the rutilicatioi,
liy liie Huisdornui Executive.
A Convention winch lias U u ncii i
t with Ihe
Ropublic of Peru providing f r
certain claim ol Ci'szc"..
the ti'ivernuieiit ol that KciLbltc, wit N' &i
Ml i
mivi; I lu tilt IVnale.
Tlie c.Uiaisiil our cilizpoa ajai is' the Briziiuu
G iv r.i.ueut. originatuiit from caituri-s, and otnei
cau"s, Brn still unsitisti d. Tim Umt-o State
have, however, so uoilormlv shown u ih-po.ili(Hi lo
vult;vato relations of amity with that Hmptre, thaf
it is lioie d, toe unequivocal token .d" IhosaiiM spir
it lowarila ii , which an adjustment of Hie sflurs
- referred to would afllird, will be given without fur
ther avoid ible delay. ' ,
The war with the I idian tribes on the peninsula
of Florida he, during tpe last summer and fait, been
prosecuted with untiring activity and Zeal. A
fumnwr campaign wa rem! ed upon, a (he beat
m uln nf Krim.ini. il In a -!,.. It... ....U iK...
-.fcsi w... e'" -iui i.
arm mm avti't nave wen engaged m J;hiI eri;-e,
h ive tutlered toil and privation, and exhibited ao. -energy,
which, m any other war, would have wen
lor litem Unfading laurels. Ia despite rf the icX
he incident td the cfimstevthey" nave neneTwnl
th fastnesses of ihe Issftnos, broken'up their en.
campment, and bnrrasgd lliem' onceaeingly.-
Number have keen captered, and till greyer "
number have urreodered, and have ueen trans' .
ported lo join their brethren on lb land elsewhere
allotted to them by tlie Governrrfunt, and a strong
hope is entertained that, under tho conduct of the '
gallant officer at- the beard of the' I roup in Florida, .
that troublesome and expensive war ia destined 16
speedy termination. With all Ihe other Indian
tribe, we are enjoying ihe blessing of peace. Our
duly, a well a our beat interests, prompt u to ob '
serve, in all our lotorcoursu with ibem, fidelity io
fulfilling our engageuesnls, the practice oif strict jua
tict, a well aa Ihe constant etorcisw of acta of be.
nefolence and kindness, Tliese are the great io
sttruiiieiiu ol civiloiiiiun, and Ihroogb the use d
them alui, can th untutored child of the lorcst
be induced lo listen to il teaching.
Tim Secretary id Slate, on wborp the act of
Congress have c'evolved the duty of directing lbs
proceedings for ihe taking of Ihe Sixth Census, of
enumeration of the inhabitant of the Untied Slates,
will report to the two liousr the progress of that
work. III enumeration ol teron bu been com
pleted, and exhibit a grand lots! of 17.CC9.453 j
making u increase over the Censuof 1830,01
4,202,648 inhabitant, and liowmg a gain io a ra
tio excerding 8S per ceot. for Ihe last tea year.
r Mm the report of the secretary of the Treasury.
vou wiil be informed ol the condition of the finance.
The balance in the Treasury on the 1st ol Janusrt
last, a stated in the report of the Secretary ol the
Treasury, submitted to Congress at the Extra for "
ion, wa 987,345 03. ' lite receiort into th
freasury, during the first three quarter of (hi
year, from all sourcesamount lo $2-1,487,053 62';
The eit mated, receipt fir Ihe fourth quartef. .
amount to $0 948,095 25, amounting In $30 410,
107 77 i and making, with Ihe balance in the
treasury, on tho first of January last, tj3l,A97,
512 80. The expondtturea for the fiisi ihrea
quarter of l hi yeir, amount lo 124.731,340 OT,"
The eiponditurea I r Ihe fourth quarter, aa est i.
mated, will amount to 7!0,723 7t tiiu IDA'
king a total of 832,025,070 70; and leaving a
deficit to be provided for, on (be first of Januarj ,
next.Hrf about $027 557 00 - . 1
Ol the loa i of 112,000,01)0, which as author!
by Congress nt its late session, only 95,433,720 63
have boi-n negotiated. The shortness o time whico
in had to run, has presented no inconsiderable
impediment iu the way oi its being akan by rapU
talista at home, while the ame Cause wou.d hafft
oierated4wiih much greater force in tha foreign
market. For ihat reason tha foreign market on
nut ben. re ortedto; and it ia now submitted.
whether il tid not be advisable to aiiicnd tb
law by making' what remain aoduposed, payablo '
at a more distant day,
Bnoutd it be neceasarv, io any fiejthat Con
grea ma'tajte of the subject, to revise Ihe exist,
mg tariff of dtnies, I .beg h ave to say, that, in the
performance of that moat delicate operation, moder
ale couusei would seem to be the wisest. Tha
Gorernnif ot under whiob it iaour happiness to lire,
prevailed among ita framera iarrinj and discord.
aril opinions coold"oiilyh8ve been ncoociletl bf
that nnble spirit of patriotism, which promoted t a.
cit ation, and resulted In barmony. In Ihs same
apirit the compromise bill, a il is commonly called,
wa adopted at the sessiminf 1633. While ttm
lieople of no portion of ihe Union will ever hesttata
ernriieii y-ei an inmate repugnanco exists, iff TuO
oiptraiiion in uunnena noi realty oecesxary lor tbat
object,. In .uupauug duties, however, aW i h pur. -
poscs oi revenue, a ngni lo discriminate aato the
articles on which the duty kball be laid, aa well a
the ainounf, necessarily and rntiet properly exist.
Otherwise ihe Government would be placed in Ibe
condition f having to levy the same du:ieupon all
uni lo, tle prnduciifo, as welt aa the unproduclive.
I he alighltei duty upon some might bare I he efloct
of causing hen importation lu cease, wbereaa
others cnienng cxiensively iniolhe consumption of
the country, miitht bear ihe heaviest, without any
fenstble diminution in the amooni imported. Bo
also Ihe Goverrum n' may be jusilfjed in so die.
criminal in, by retrmtceio other consideration of
i doinesuc policy connected with our uuiuulacture.
So long a the duties shall be I.. id with diaiioct
rerernce to the wants ol the Treasury, no well
fltundednlijeciion can exist against them. It might
lie esteemed lesirbie Hint nu euch augmentation,
ot the (axe should take place aa would hare the
effect of annulling the laud proceed distribution
act of Ihe laat sessm i, which act ia declared la be
inoperative the mo enl the duties are iucreased
beyond 20 per cent.. Ihe maximuin rale established
by the lon.promiae aci. Some of the provision
jof the Corpf romise act, which will go into eflecl
i on
the 30th day of Jane next, mav, however, be found
exceedingly inconvenient in practice, under an
regulations thai Congress may adopt. I refer mors
particularly to lliui ielolmg tu the hinne f aluattort.
A diflereiice m vluc of the aariM article to soma
exi nt, will, necessarily, exist at different porta
but ihal is altogathrr insignificant, w hen compared
wnh ihe conflict io valuation, which are jikety t
arise, from the dife-rences of fpinioej among the
nuureretn nr. sisiiif iiiaaliainJiw. 'In unnr
mlairces, to.-e.limales .d value must be eoniepto.
miectu
raii'and thus as many dim-rer.t rale of value maw
be establiahed as there are appraisers. Tliew A.K
; fen'nee an valualtoti may also- b- iicrrawd bv lU
:i- -ei b meni i'j iitcln,;;!i,i, wruch, withsit the alighlret impuutiixt
iiil- d S'a' yiuj't" iheir hori sly, may anw 'on the part ef the
u,-- leu. ! ia.ni m intir respm-tive ports
entry. I rrcoiumc..d On whole aul.ject to the
CMwidcration of Congress, witn a atngle aduitiooai
remark, t Vrtainty and permanency in any svatem
of government hJc are, in all respects, enuw-ntly
desirabia ' but more particulirly ia tbi true in all
'hat aflcet Irad and commerce, the operation nf
winch dend much-more on tha certainly of ibeir
-eturna, and cak:ulii.m which embrace distant
period n'' lime, I ban on high bmiiitieVor dalles,
which are liable to constant. fluctuation.
At your late scssiuo invited yuuf attention to
thM-undilpwi of ihe, currency and exchanges, and
urged the 'necessity of adopting such OKjasares a
w ere consistent wnh Ihe constitutional combetencv
;i Mir wiiTsnioierii, in oracr locorrcct ins unaoutu.
nf the Goverumetit, in order io correct the unsound.
'.,,f itraajne.intf aafira piacltcahla th9ff -4
7-
J
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