North Carolina Newspapers

THE CAffiOUMAN flU POWERS HOT DElEOATEl TO Til OHI1KII STATES BI TUB CONiTITPTlOH, NOR PROHIBITED It IT TO TBI STATES, All IEEVID T0 TBI tltKI RMPECTIVBLV, OR TO THR PlOPtl Amendment, tC the tontlitulion, Article X.- dumber 12 of Volume 1. j SALISBURY, WC, FEBRUARY 25, 1842. j Whole Number 1,100. I TERM! OT Tilt G II A 8. F. FI8MER, . ' Editor and Praprtetor, tk. Wcsterr Cabomniah U published every FruUm Morning', at 92 per nnam tn sinsar or- $'2 50 if naii wi'A'i 'Are raon'i othorwuia i leUftuvaria Wi 6 charged. OCT No paper will be discontinued except it the Editor' discretion, until all arrearage are puii. if the subscriber is worth the subscription ud the failure to notify the Editor of wish to ducoo jmue, at least oits montb before the end of the year subscribed for, will be considered a new engagement $y AiIvrrtHfmmli conspicuously and correctly In crtod at 91 por square- -(of 340 em, or fifietn linee of tin sited type) for the first insertion, and 23 cent tor each continuance. Court and Judicial ad vert we. "lawtraS oer-cenfc biglwr-4hw-tWAbw rstos. A dai ductioo of 33J per cent from tho regular prices will ba mads to yearly advertisers. OCT Advertisements Lent in for publication, must be marked with the nu ni cer of insertion desired, or they will be continued till iurbid, snd chared accordingly. " Letters addressed to the Editor ou business mutt come WEB or postaor.ot (lvteilfnnlheUiended to. English and Classical School. rp'lw Subscriber having engaged the services of Mr. J. 'n;iki ( graduate uf Dirtnioutlt College.) to teach h;s ciiilJruti, will take l.Uu the .School a fw pu- Terms per Session of 3 mouths, . .99.10 $15. MICHAEL BKOW.N. Salisbury, Feb. 11, 113. 3vv A Inrjre variety orcjnrdcii Seed fur i.ilc at the Salisbury Drug ftlo'rr, by C II. WHEELER. February 18, 1842. Arrir-ali aad Departure of the Mails at, and from, Salisbury. -arrivies: depjiitures. Northern, Sunday, Tups- Northern, Monday ,Wed Ji n JFridsy , at II AirioisdyraMTrMlay.1ii '7' Iay, tod cJut'lny, at Sodthrrn, Sunday, Ttiea 7 A M. day, and Kf idsy, at 12 M. Wmlern, Friday, 8un- Western, Huiiilny, Tue diy, and Tuesday, st 0 day, mid Friday, at' 11 V. M. ' , A. hi. juliisRiUivaJs-itoteT Tlairttlsy, at 4 P. M. and Hatordsy, st 6 A. M. tuliMKli. -tSorwIay, and Kaleigb, Wwncsuayam TliurJsy at 10 P.M. Saturday, at 0 A. M. Cliers w, Toesdsy,Thurs dir. sud Saturday, at 5 P. M Fayctleville, Sunday and ThomlsyatSP M. MucksHlle, Fridsy at 7 KM Cheraw, Mnmlsy, Wed nelaf, and Fridsy, at 9 A. M . FayetleviuV, Monday, and Friday, at ( A. M. Mocksviliot Satur2sy at 6 A. JuV THERE M a krge quantity of Plank; Scathting. and other buililm materials on h.ntl for Solo t lie dills ot Cljuie Fisnur, oit 3outh Yadkin rtivef, oruioily Pearson's Mills. A quantity of ehoica curled Maple Plsnk, suitable for liinkin,' hiHJse-fiirni'iire nf various kinds. Any qnmtity of saw d SfiinIow can be furnished at s vefj sIhiii notice. Tlws Shingles sre Blways madt out of heart pirns or yellow poplar, of a regular sine, and r)uirv no jnimiiijr, but can be nailed on the roof jnt as they tall from the saw Price $' per l.tKK) st tii Mill. WILLIAMSON HARRIS", Agt December 31, Jf U. rt. IQ--MILL rItt0XS.-iaa. 'PilKIU: may b bad at C. Flier's Foundry, on South Vail kin River, Mill Irous of almost all de i.criituins used in this country, AO . Sny Mill Irons, tind'.'eoes sil sorts, Whac's of all um Wticti not ou hand, they u ay bo made to uid-r at a hort ifitioc. WILLIAMSON HARRIS. Affcnt. rvcomber 31. 111. tf. fjnborcrs If cma. illltl'll, a number of hands in work at the iniiimi business at l onrml.t Hill, in D..V1J. "in Cinnitv. The unwl wages will he iv I '', mi I i lie IuiihI-i Will be pml oil weekly, or I innnthly, as they mxy wish tood hoard may bo I had near Uiu mine on reasiMiahle terms. j T. PHILLIPS ALLEN, Agent. Jiniiiiry 14 1BU. ' tf ILAS IIUII-, UEKpfrTFUI.I.Y infi rms the citiwnr ol Snli.bury am) mirreniiiluK Country, that lm his ctiniiiienced 'akniK in wiftk in his lino of biiHinaas at his dwelling, where lm, will mike up woik, alter it is cut out, at the filtowni! pritii : Jeans coats, and a'l kinds of thin coats, 0(1; Cloth coats, $3 50; Pants, 73; VettH, 75; -Overcoats, $1 00. All kinds of country produco taken in exchange for i wiu inarsei price. u.iuuury, ii. 'anuary VR SALE. A first-rate AVip tVoJtin W.wr ou cheap terms. Apply at this Ollice. . i'mbor 17, 1611. -. i 4 6. '- A REMARKS OP MIL CALUOUN, OF SOUTH CAROLINA, Ib Sesatr, January 25, 1841 On the bill authorising to issue of fivo millions of . Treasury Note. Mr. Calhoun said t There was no measure that required greater caution, or more severe scrutiny, limn one t impse tax. or raise a loan, be the form what it may. . 1 bold that Government lias no right to do either, except when tho public service in ikes it imperiously necessary, and then only to the Client that it require, 1 also bold that the - expenditure can only be limited by limiting the . supplies. If money i granted, it is sure to be ex pended. Thu thinkiug, it i a fundamental rule with me not to -vote for loan or tax bill till 1 am satisfied it is uecessary for the public service, and then not if the deficiency can be avoided by lopping iifl unnecessary object of expenditure; or the en forcement of an exact and judicious ec-numy in the pulitirtratHn'ieTO t'omiiiitteo pointed to. the estimates of the year, as a sumolfiit reason lor the passage of this bin as amended. El i mates are too much a matter ol coiiso to satisfy me in a case like this. I have sunie practical knowledge-of the subject, and know m well how readily old items are rmt down, from year to year, without much inquiry, whether they can be dispensed with or rtducod, and -new one inserted, without much more . reflection, to put much reliance on tbem. To satisfy me, the chair man must do what he has not even attempted ; he must state satisfactorily the reasons for every new Hem, oud tho increase of every bid one, and show thul the deficiency to meet the revenue, cannot be avoided by retreucluuont and economy. . Until he dues that, he has no right locaHou u to vote this, heavy additional charge of five million of dollars on tho people, especially at a period of such uner iiii pled pecuniary embarrassment. .' Having omit led to : lo examjue for myself the estimate in a very hasty .manner, with imperfect documents, and no oppor tunity of deriving information from the resp ciive Departments. But, with all those disadvantages, 1 have satisfied myself that this loan is unnecessary -that its place may be supplied, snd more than supplied, by retrenchment and economy, and the command of resource in the power of the Ooveru merit, without materially impairing the efficiency of t ho publiq service, my rea-wus for which I shall now procei-d to stale. ' The'estiumte of the Secretary of the Treusury for the expenditures of the year, is 832,997.258, or, in round numb rs, thirty three oulliona, em braced- under tho following heads; the iivil list, including foreign , intercourse and miscellaneous, amounting to &t, 000,987 37 military, in all its branches, 1 1,747,791 83 ; navy, 99,705,370 73 ; ;;;'r,"-tl!;oii, sppln;ttbleilo the service ol i tie year, iHU, and ireasuty notes to be rliMut'd,7,0W10UU Among ihe objects ui retrenchrrienf7 1 "place st the head the great increase that is proposed to be made to the expenditure of Ihe navv, compared wiiii mai oi msi year, ii is no teas inao Q4,avo, 032 13, tukmg the expenditure of last year from the annual report ortbe Secretary. Ice oosuT ,ciaUfuasiin, al thia-iime, and i Aba (Mioses eu- barfassed condition of the Treasury, fur this great Increase. I have looked over the report of the Secretary hastily, ard find none assigned, except general reasons, for an incrojsed navy, which I am .the opinion, that the commencement ought to be postponed till some, systematic plan is -matured, both as to the ratio of increase and the description of f ce of which the addition should consist, and till t ie Department is properly organized, and in a con d lion to enf tee exact responsibility and economy, in its disbursement. '1 hat the "Depart moot i not not now properly organized, in that condition, we have tin' authority, of the Secretary himself, in which I concur. I . am MtisfWd that it admims t ration cannot te made effective under the present nrianizili; particularly a ib regard itaexpe'u dituresr '" I have very great ippoct for the head of the Department, and conmlence in his ability and integrity. It he would bear the voice of one who . wishes him well, and who lakes the doepest inter est in the branch ot service of which he is the chief, my advice would be, to take time; to look about ; to reorg nize the Department in the moat efficient manner, on the staff principle, and to es tablish the most rigid accountability and economy in the disbursements, before Clio great work of a systematic, increase ia commenced. Till that is done, add not a dollar to the expenditure. Make sure of ihe foundation before you begin to real the superstructure. , I am aware that there will be a iouTdeable increase this year in the navy, com pared to the expenditure of hat year, in conse quence of the extraordinary session. Thi may deduct several hundred thousand dollars from the amount I propose lo retrench ; but I cannot doubt that btf an improved administrntion ol tne moneyed TrftrrnrW irie-fVrwrtmeHritlMlw-wywai-r diiL'tmti in prices and "wage, a saving may be made more than sufficient to make up that deduction. In speaking of improved administration, I compre hfiul Ihe marine corps. And tiere 1 deem it my duty to remark, that the estimates fir that branch of tho service appear to me lo be very farge. The corps is estimated at one thousand privates, and its augregato expense at 9902,292. - Tins strikes me to be far too large for so am til a corps of long standing, stationed at conveniunt and cheap points, and nl a period when tho price of provisions, clothing, ami all other articles of supply i low. A largo portion, I observe, is for barracks, which, if proper at nil, surely may b postponed till the fi nincea of tho country are placed in hotter condi tion. .1 shall now nn front tie tmvul lo the military ilniiMriment ! and here I find an estimate of l, 5IH.032 13, for harbors, creeks, Mini the like. 1 an nut tiV thul I am surnrised at this esiimaie. All who have ln oii members of the Sen ite for the last ei"lit or ten jenrs, inuwt bo familiar ih the his li.ry of this item f expendiuiie. It n one of the branches of tho old exploded American syMein, and almost tho o ily one which remain, ll has never been acquired in, and was scarcely tolerated whenlho Tieasury wssjiill t-f overflowing witn all inn extravagnm ami wles, noproprt .lions of Ihe worst of times, I I Z, ZSJe the ntoslobiectitsiuhlo-uncon. SL5ul.Jocul . iU Character; and .Aquarsndl unjust in it operation. Little did I anticipate that such au item, and of to targe an amount, would at Ibis time be found in the estimate, when the Trea ury is deeply embarrassed, the credit of the Gov. eminent impaired, and the revenue from the lauds surrendered to the State and Territories, fucli an item, at uch a period, look like infutiiatum- ana i nope tno uimiiuttee on nuance, when it come to take up the estimates, will strike it out. It certainly ought to be expunged ; and 1 shall ac cordingly place it among the items that ought to be retrenched. . PasHinjr to the Treasury Department, I observe an estimate of 943,032, for urveys of pulilio lands ; sud under the head of balance of appropriation on the 81st December,' 1641, required to be ex pende'd in 1842," $2()0,0(K) for the same object, making together, 9243,032, which Ought either not be in the mi mater, or, if put ihnro, ouglit to be credited in the receipt of the year, .The reason will be apparent, when it i stated tirA the Diatri deduct the expense incident to the ad- tninisit ration vf iTiirpliblic lantfs7aTRt7mongiferi that for surveying, and, of course, it mual be de ducted from the revenue from the lands, before it i distributed among the States, and brought to the credit of the Treasury. It is, in fact, but . an ad vance out of the land fund, to be deducted from it before it is distributed. There are several other items in the estimates connected with the expenses incident tn the administration of the public lands, to which the , same remarks are applicable, and .l-LV-l-' I.I ' l- . - j . i . . . f which wouiu irittKo an anuiuiMiai oeuucnon oi many ihuusand dollars, but the exact amount of which 1 have not had time lo-ascertain. These several items, taken together, make the sum of 94,317, 322 25, that may fairly be struck from the esti mate. 1 o these there are doubtless many others of considerable amount (hat might be added, had I the time and means tor lull investigation. Ann ng them, I would call t ie attemion of the chairman to an item of 9158 627 17, under the name of " pa tent fund," and comprised imong the bilanc i of appropriatioiis oil the Sl.t ol December tast, auo which will on required for this year. 1 have noi had time to investigate it, and am uninformed of its nature, ft must ask the chairman to explain. Does it mean receipts of mone derived from pay. mem for patents 1 If so, it olght lo be passed to the Treasury, and classed under the receipts of the year, and not Ihe appropriations, unless, indeed, there be some act of Congress which has ordered otherwise. If it be an appropriation, I. would ask to what, is it appropriated, and to what particular object is it to be applied this year I The chair man will find it is page 40, of the document con taining the estimates. ; . 1 would ask the chairman, also, whether the in terest on the trust funds, includinc both the Smith soulan and Indian, which may got be applied to the object of the trasto during the year, have been ?rr?r",,"'ed iq the receipts of the year t We pay interest on them, aod have lbs right of course to their Mf till reweirW WU iicrsr. :n lercil must be iicwidirabie. ""That of IfieX?17er" alone, i-l about 930,000 annually I would, also, sail bis attention to the pension fist;" I "bbser vei tfcr til thiiiuTioo oflKe Tiiu mtwrW pensioners for the lust year )s very considerxblu, ami from the extreme-age of the revolutionary pr- j .f 1- .- . . . I is finally closed. I nave had no time to investi gate the subject sufficiently to siy to what amount the Treasury may be relieved from that source ; but I ant informed by a friend who la familiar with the subjectVlliafa very greafreductiiMi oTexpen diture, say 9300,000 annuaKy, for sqme years, may be expected under th it bead. Under these various heads, and otner, which a careful examin ation might designate, I feel confident that a re ductioo might be made by retrenchment in the es timatea to the amount of the sums proposed to be borrowed by this bill, as amend' d, without materi ally impairing Ihe elliciency of the Government. I shall next proceed to examine what reduction may be made by strict economy in Ihe public dis bursemeul; by which I oi-an, not parsimony, but that careful and ellicienl administration of tlie mo neyed affair of the Government, which guards against all abuse, and waate, and applie every dollar to the object of appropriations, and thai in Ihe man ner best calculated lo produce ihe greatest result- This high duty properly appertain to the function of the Executive, and Congress can do but little more than to urge on and sustain that Department or the Government in discharging it, to which it belongs, and which must take the lead in the work of economy and reform. My object is lo show, that there is ample room for the work, and that great reduction may be made in the expenditures by such an administration of the moneyed uflairs of Ihe Go vernment as I have described. But how is this lo be made apparent f Can it be done by minute ex amination of the various items of the esii'rwle aud expenditure T Can a general itate of looseness, of abuses, or extravagance iu the disbursements be delected and exposed by such examination T Alt attempts of the kind have failed, and must continue to do so. It would be iinpraciicawe to extend sueh an ennuiry through the various heads of exitemli tures. A single account might oe selected, thai would occupy a-comraittee a large portion of a ses sion : and after all their labor, it would bo more than un even chunca that they would fail to detect abuses and nnnriauageineiit, if they abounded ever so much. They lie beyond accounts ; and can only he reached by the searching and scrutinizing eyes of faithful arid vigilant officers charged with the administrative supervision. There i but one way in which Congress can art with effect in testing whether the public llmd have been iudiciou y and economically applied to tho oh ject for which they were appropriated S and if not, of holding those chargod wiin.ineir aiiiinoiiirati io responsible, and that is, by comparing the present expenditure with those of past periods of acknow lodged economy, or foreign cote-npnranemit service of like kir.il. If, on such eompnrison, the differences should be much greater than they vhould lie, nfter making duo, allowance, those who have ih control should be held responsible to reduce thorn to a pro ier level, or to give satislaclory reasons for not do. ing it I and that is the eourse which I intend.to pur sue. They who now have the control, both of Con gress awl Ihe Executive Department, came into iM.wer on.a solemn pledge o reform ; and il is but fiir that they should be hold responsible lor tho ro formali-Ni of the abuse, and m.stnanngemon, wn.cn they doclsrjnl o ?tfJftZ expenses wh.ch theyjiIedgeJ themlve, to nnk,, if Ihe people should raise them to power. Uut 1 am not so unreasonable as to esiect thai reform can be the woik of a day. I know loo welt the labor and lime it require to entertain any such opinion. - All 1 ask is, that the Work shall be early, seriously, and systematically cum winced. It is to be regretted ihat if h is not already coininend, nnd that there is so little apparent inclination tw.gm.. we had a right to expect that the chairman ol (he Committee of Finance, in bringing forward a new loan of 93,000,000, would have at least itiide.titkeo to inform us, after a lull survey of the esti mates and expenditures, whether any reduction could be made, and if any, to what amount, before he asked fur a vote, making so great an addition to the public debt. 1 cannot but regard the omission a a bed omen. It look like repudiation of solemn pledges. But what he has failed to do I shall at'.empt, but in a much less full and satisfactory to inner than ha might have dime, with all hi advantage a the head of ihe committee. For the purpose of comparing, 1 shall select ihe years 1823 and 1840. 1 select the for mer, bocjiusn it is rme of the year of the secdhd term of Mr. Monroe's administration, and which it is admitted now, administered the moneyed affairs of the Government with a reasonable regard to economy ; but at that tima it wa thought by all to be liberal in its expenditures, and by some even pro fuse, as several Senators whom 1 now see and who were then member of Congress, will bear witness. But I select it for a still stronger reaaoin It is the year which immediately preceded Ihe hnrt act, pre ' fessetlly passed on the principles of the protective policy. The intervening time between the two periods comprehends the two sets of 1824 and 1823, by which that poliry was cirried to stioh great ex t retries. To those acts, connected with the banking system, and the connection of tho banks with ths .Government, is to be attributed that train of event wl ich has involved the country and the Gov mment in so many difficuliies i and amiHii others. Ihat vast increase of expenditures which has taken plare since Io23, as will be showu by tho companion 1 - am about lo make,--. ---v - -- ": The dixburtement of the Government are com prised under three great heals : the civil 1st, inclu ding foreign imercuurn and micllaneou; ihe military, and tho navy. 1 propose to begin with the first, and lake. them in theoitlor in which they stand. The expenditure under ihe first bend have in creased since 1823, when they ve re 92,022 093, to - f H 493,030 9 The ammint in 1840 ; showing an in crease, in seventeen years of 2 7 10 lo 1, while the population has increased only about lo 1, that is, about 75 percent. making the increase of expen ditures, compared io Ihe increase of population, about 3 6-10 to 1. This enormous increase has taken place although a large portion of the expen ditures under this head, consisting of salaries to ofli cer and the pay of member of Congress, have re ' inained unchanged.The next year, in 184t, Ihe expenditure rose to 96 1 05 560. I am, however, happy to peiceiv a considerable reduction in the r , eHimite ttir tuts reart -compared wnit the last and several preceding year ; but still leaving room for great addiiionaT-redu-lion tn bring the increase of expenditure to the same rat jo witjj the increase, of population, as liberal as that standard of increase would be. "That the i Sonate may Torih" oihe corice ..... . - more into particulars m refi-renco to two items 1 1 lie Contingent expenses nf ihe t wo II aienf Congress, and Ihat ol collecting the oniies on imiioris. 1 hi JjattertihoughoA . list, is not included i i it, or eiiherof the other heads ; as Ihe expenses incident to collecting ihe cu.toini, are deducted from the receip's, tx lure the money is paid into the I rcasury, The contingent expense (they inctude the pay and mileage of members) of the Senate in 1823 was 912,841- 07, of which the priming cost 90.349 56, and stationary one thousand sit hundred and thir ty one dollar aud lilHume cents ; and that of the House, thirty seven thousand eigi.t hundred and forty eight dollai snd ninety fhe cent, of which the print ing cost twenty two thousand three hue dred and fourteen dollars and forty one cents, and Ihe stationary .three thoumiud eight hundred and eighty seven dollars and seventy ooo cents. In 1840, the contingent expense of Ihe Senate were seventy seven tliou-outd four hundred and forty, seven dollars an. I twenty. two cents ; of which I Im printing cost thirty one thousand two hundred and eighty five dollar Sod thirty two cents, and the si a . lioimry seven thousand sixty one dollars and seven ty seven cents; and thai ot Hit) House one hundred and ninety nine thousand I wo hundred and nineteen dollars snd fifty seven cents, ol which the printing cost sixty five thousand and eighty six dollars and forty (ixty cent, and the stationary tlorty six thou sand 'three hundred snd filly two dollars and ninety nine rents. Th aggregate expmTsesof ihelwolloo se together rose from fifty thousand six hand red and ninety dollar and two cents lu two hundred and seventy six thousand six hundred and sixty six dol lars; being an actual increase of 5 4-10 lo' 1, and an .increase in proportion to population, of about 7 2-10 to urn. !W ua I'lmrmoii as this uust. am is, the fact tlut the number of members had in creased not more than about ten a-r cent. Irom 1S23 lo 1840, is calculated to make it mill more strikingly t. Had the inerea kept pace with ihe increase ol members, (an-i there is no goial reason why it should greatly exceed it,) tlie ex psuditures would have risen fnitnfi'iy thousand six hundred sad ninety dollars to ti ly live tho'isand seven hundred nod fiiiv nine, dollars, only mikiiia an increase i f bn five lhouaid sixty nine dollars; but insteud of that, it rown to two hoiulred and seventy six thousand six hundrei' nnd sixty six dollars, making an incrce nf two- hundred nnd twenty fjvn thoosnnd nine hundred and i-eventv dollars. To place ihe sulj. cl in a still more stri king view, the contingent epe es in 1823, were at the rule of 9144 per member, winch one would supjioso was ample, and in nine hun dred and forty two doll -rs. Phis vast increase took place under the immediate eye of Congress ; and vet we were told at the F.itrs Session, by the prosetit cliairman of the Finance Committee, that (here was no room for economy, ami Ihat no re - duction cnold.be made, and even in this discussion he bus intimated that little ran Is done. As enormous as are the contingent exuotiara of the two House,-1 inter from the yerv ureal increaso of expenditure under the head of ml list generally, when o lur-je a portion is for hxed salaries, which have not been materially increased fr the last seventeen year, that they are Hot much lew so Ihroughisji tha whole rano of this branch' of the public service. I shall now proceed. to Ihe other item, which I h ive selected for more particular examination, (he ' increased expenses of Collecting the duties on irn. port. la IBM if was 9766.099, equal to 380-100 per cent, on tho amount eoltecled, and' 98-100 on the aggregato amount of import j and in 1840 it had increased to 81,542,319 24, equal to 14 13 100 per cent, on ihe amount collecied, and to 1 58-100 on the aggregate amount of t ie imports, -being an actual increase of nearly a million, and considerably more th in double the amouut of 1623. Iu 1829 it ro-e to fl.714 515. , ' " ' I rom these facu, there can be little doubt Ihat more than a million annually may be saved nndcr the two items of contingent expenses of Congress, and the collection of the customs, without touching trie otiier great item Comprised under Ihe civil list, sue executive and judicial department, the foreign intercourse, light bouse, and miscellane ous. ll would be safe to nut down a savmff of at least a half million for them. " . I shall now pass to the military, with which f am mors familiar, I propose to confine mv re. mark almost entirely lo the army proper, inclu ding the Military Academy, iu reference lo which the information is more fu I and minute. . 1 exclude the expenses incident to the Florida war,- and the ' eipemlitures for the Ordnance, the Kngineer, the Topographical, Ihe Indian, and tho Pension Uu. rcaus Instead of 1823, for which there is no official nnd exact statement of Ihe expenses nf th army, I shall take 1821, for which, there is oou made by myself, a Secretary of War, and for ihe minute correctness of which, lean vouch. It is contained in a report mnde under a call of ih House of Representatives, and comprises a com pa rat re statement of the expenses of Ihe army proper, for the years 1818,-'l9, '20, and '21, re. apectively, and an estimate of Ihe exinse ol 1822. it nmy be proper to add, which 1 can with confi. donee, Ihat the comparative expense of 1823,. if it could be ascertained, would be found lo be not less favorable than 1821. It would probably be some, thing more so. With these remarks I shall begin w ith a com parison, in the first place, between 1121 and Ihe estimate for tbe army proper for this year. - Tha average aggregate strength of Ihe army in the year itrei, inuiuumg otticers, professors, cadets, and soldiers, was 8,109, and the proportion of ofli. cer, including the prolerwors of the Military ci emy, to the soldiers, including cadets, was 1 to 12 18-100, snd the expenditure 92,180 093 63. equal to 9263 91 for each individual. The esti. male for the army proper for 1842, including the Military Academy, is 94,453,370 16. Tbs actual strength of the army, according to the return ac companying the menage at the opening of the sea don, was 11,160. Assuming this to be Ihe aver, age strengt h for this year, and adding for the aver age number of the Academy, professors and cadets, each individual, makinga dif1erviM;ej9iaKLi:r in fivor oTl82ir Ifuw" fir Uie increase of v. . and the addniunal expensed iworegiox-nl of da goons, compa l. to other destfiipiions uf twort would i isli'y Kits incressc, I am mt. pn;pan;d to iiv. In other rexoects. I slumlH kllllimMt kau i J . I ft"- n me price ol clothing, provisions, forngn, aud other article nt supply, as well as transportation, are, I presuire, cheajwr than in 182r -The proportion 1842 than 1821, and, of course, as far" as that has iofbence, the expense of Ihe former ought lo te less per man .than the latter. With this brief and imperfect comparison between Ihe expense of 1921 and. Ihe catnnutea for this year, I shall proceed lu a more minute and full comparison betwoen tho former and the year 1837. I select that year, t-cause the strength of the army, and the propor tion of otHcersSwjuen (a very material point as it relates lo the expenditure) is almost exactly tbe same. On turning to document 165 ( House of Renre. sen'ative, 2d Sessjou, 26th Congress,) a letter will ne lound from the then Secretary of War (Mr. Poinsett) giving a comparative siaiement, in de- tail, of the exitense d the army proper, including Ihe Military Academy for the years 1837, '38, '39, and '40. The strength of the army for Jhe first of these yesrs, including office -s, orofeasors. cadets, and soldiers, was 9,107, being two leu than in 1821.' The .proportion of officers and profes. ors, to the cadota and ddiers 11 46-10JJ, being 72-100 more than 1821, The expenditure for 137, 13.308,011, being 91,127.918 more than 121. The cost per Tnan, including officer, pro feasor, cadets, nnd soldier-, w ts in 1837 9108 03, exceeding that of 1921 914 1 12 per man. ll ap pears by the le'ter of Ihe Secretary, that the ex pense per man rose in 1838 to 9464 35 ; but it is due lo the heud of Ihe HVpurtmeut, at tbe time, to say, t at it declined under his administration, the next year, to 9391 65, and in the subsequent, to 9380 63. There is no statement for 'the year jj U ,:.,t'tu ui .t'o'p; lm rren a uuu on in pneesy tnere out lit to be s proportionate reduction in the cost, e.sci.illy dtirtns Ihe present year, when there is a piop -ct of so great a decline in almost every articlo which enters into the consu nption of tn army. Assuiitint; that the average strength of tho army will be kept eq-ial lo the return accom (iunving the Presnlent's message, and that, the ex pomliture of iSe year should be it-duced lo the standard of 1821, the expense oftho army would run exceed 93,895 683, milking a difference, com pared with the estimutes, of 91,537,694; but that from the locrcaoe of pay snd the greater expense of Ihe drinjoons, raiinnt tie eriiecled. Ilavina no cert un mlorinatiiin how much Ihe expense are ! n' cevirilv increased from those causes, I am not prepared lo my what ought to be the actual re iiuctinns, but, unles tlie iiiereae of p-iy and tho increased cost bee uise of the dragoons are'verv great, il ought to lie verycoosiderablo. I dwid the expense of Uie army in ll.f, Inclu- ouijr. ilie viiiitary Aca.iemy, to be f3,7U2,493, at j a rost of 9461 57 'per manj including officers, 1 protestors, cmlet and soldiers, and reduced it in J 1921 to 92190,098, at a cost of 9263 01, ami ; making, i difference lielween th.-1 two years, in the ! aggreg-iieexjienses of the artny, of 91,321,337, and 9185 66 per man. There wa, it is true, a great fall in price In, tle intcrvjalfbut allowing T Sco Document 39.(11. R.) 1st session, 17th Con Tress. ' , . i . -. f V - X ' 1 s- i. 1.