iii
- -J.
1
. TLB row. NOT P1E0..D TO THE UNITED HTATM By THK COKSTrrUTtO, NOB HOI... rrEl BV T TOVrifM .7AT.
ake bkskrvbo to tub airK muTCTiyit v, on to rnfi peopli:. ' Amcmlme nil to the Conttitvtion. Articlf X.
.... '' .
"Number 23 o Volume M.
J3AF 'fsY;N.-C,';MAY: 13, iai2.
TfVioc JVimicr 1,117.
A. .
TSBMS OP TOE
C II AST P. FISHER,.
Editor and Proprietor. '
The Wwtkbb Carolinian ia published evory Friday
Morninz,'l ff'2 per annum in mihance or (2 50 if
paid within three maniAs otherwise $3 wilt invaria
nt be charged. (rNb paper will b discontinued
except t ths Editor' dicfetion, until all arrearage
re paid, if the aubacriber ia. worth the eubacription ;
nd the fiiUire to notify the Editor oft wiah to ducon
tmuo, at leant, oxi udimi before the end of Uie year,
subscribed for, wil bo considered a now engagement.
A'dvffrfiseareiii conspicuously a ad correctly in
serted at $lpof square--of ?10 tmi, ot ffletn Untt
of tliii aitad typo) for t)e first insertion, and 25 cent
tor each continuance. Court and Judicial advertise-
menu 23 per cent higher than the above rate, A de
duction of 3:) per cent from the regular pricea will
be made to yearly tdvertieora. (& Advertisement
ecnt in fur publication, muet bo marked with the num
ber of Insertiona domred, or they will bd continued till
forbid, and charged accordingly. ' , ' ,
Lcttcra add leaned to- the Editor or business mutt
. ... . . . .
eome ran oraromoB, or ihry i not ot aUendet it.
, TO 1 B CJ K M Ii X U X H
Trutand Fulte Delicacy. khi9 every lutlwr
feature which adtjjna the fowTle character, delica
cy aland, foremost within the pfoviitceof good
Ijs'e. ' Not that delicacy which m rpetually in
fj'lctt of otnething Jo be ashamed of, whirh mqjjee a
merit .a blueh, and simper a tt be fal,e const juc
tionlu own ingenuity haa put pnn'Vn, iiirioceuf
remark; thje apuribue kind of delicacy ia asar
Amoved -from .good Uste, aa Troni.jpod feclirfg',
and good'eenae ; but that M;h ruijjipd delicacy
icii mainiaina it pure ani unuevtaung wa,rt
hlfarnorgat pmen at in the . J I It
which aTihukl niiaarriMy.Manr:
Kpraii in-Jii r " wim iwNirmwHiiiiuVia4
of lliinj if
im it ti'MMSfR iui iiiriBiniMH i'T' mail in 1
iS, v r , -.
amill
i. in n n .-inai c n";C wmrn known now 1-
ti em
for a bcnchT wrfhoUt-luiidlni' Ci itcrliti'M
of enolher, and vhleti-wndftrnnda alr kowruh1i
wheii,:tr receive ioc-tllai delltacy .'Which fun
j;v,aline Mhoufdiyjl" V ad t jvi-o , without
numyigt,aniJ wyim pott.i 11m
or auiicepiiWaAi'itiiirrc'rraHorL
t huftibm
It ffie deli-
nry whieh forma aa important a pan of good tae,
that where it dooanut exurtafa natural iiwlinct, V
i tau2tit moiifai prniciiibrof bqwi mannern, "
. . . a An . - r wa . -m a
Mid considered aa ih nivc;?,ul .pawpV le ..good fc 'ontil ao-neytaf aubaequent. ' .
Nr, ? an M' S181 ' c,,"ttp of 1 1767;Ja.rie Uargravea HiventeiTtho apinning
lemale fwaracr.tltorijHyfe-leered in youth, ever k.,Jeniry whtcb'apuo eight, tbrceda tasiead of one,
he ncjiiireq-jn. ar.w iii.-.i.nra ini-roro n?;
tifen axowiiw i""v, "i
f. edge bf fenting i.f g"nri rftjri flothing can rc tnre.'
nil cvu'p""""" "''7 7, "f r-
. .:..t.;n ih. naV firihnuchUiusullied. ba".
..w,.t vt-r;.nnmniirtTlin2e'l.but
a .Cowimg'fre,aUuea to . minjie in
i:.Crt l nfcMMrig m.utuim.1 1 m
. ...ur. UAraeter mav. indeed, be'aaid to be gone,
M t tf dtpd-Jfrav Ulu'tDuugkltrt
Trf-JteUnd: ....:. y , - r ,
'a niiiar dav
" PaMiian " raid &ly " I
nfriiT
t!.rir?fl prafif lAnr bUlt I - .
UU trickled dofi the mug of Qaja. 4'.
Vuf Bad.-r-k manwVioi asked if he would like
A hve fovwr.ltyted, thai Iconaidering ihe etate
.a" ihe time, aud la waaUness of the Uovarniwnt,
. 1 .1.. :.. . i.. iL.A 1wrtf 1.
l,f would noi caio auuiu iiing '" 1 :i -
4
, 4 luo(t.4oii.--7JrftH'i iwonf.wA
m. 11.. .hl'rLi.r made on auction ia a balloon
e.A M.alA A TAW flail lfu atllll IBIKJtTU -"in! I'VV
h-Miia atterwarda, aonwnerein u
FloKhw ThiW'l P,r., one. na
. . .1 It ...M-x ..I" at friam hlfl
weex'racl UHM''" "
count :-" I had nlttS leire 8"M
an iHattor. as it ia pmnil.V to arrive at, andiav
in upwards of 60 II. Vene power,-1 dew
n4v gratify my ih. Awav I aped coo
timially aacefMluig teavinn .uj" cy.u.., ...
.....C ... .. ,t..v 'i.r filiorj when4 1 atari d. I
I
no begarf v. fuel cold, lar fhpa of pcmpiratmn 1
ootmlfroTiy akin, ami rf tingling aound in my j
re, ft ireomeibina cracking in my head, a vacant ;
frelim and difficullv of n-apiraiion-now tencoid.
The aterin my bottle Irwzing, I tM JioldW .
if adriiik, would calm ry naua
tt3 IvaliBa t 'the nck Mo. k to my hand, and drew
lUe akin off m if bliaterenl by fire. Still -uneasy,
the dfopa of pcppiration tiadjurned to liquid mit
ter.tcaeroWing yellow oilmy tongue 1x;camy
volloiir mf nail and toeth were lo ofi no.i, ann ,
vy joint io.me amhall my energies appcinr.l ;
rlxed.', l looked aip, and aaw the gaa rushing
from the ck or mv bn!toontid rndoavond to)
op :n my valve If cXtlU rfeitw, but had w.t1
'.arcii!th to accomplish''1'". fr '". rMulf "'l'1
waa not kept long in eupeW. I judgod myself, ;
at tliixiHW sit inline lngh;when the balloon waj
rnnt'-on the top. Away .went Ihe gaaf"tan I,
ilerihewny fceliuga nt that inomnnll No, no I j
h whirlin dowu I c voo, with a feeling aa if the j
wlHo syiie.n was driving to my head. I entered (
a d-ne cloud, the auhftnee of which- rushed pt 1
me with a whixr.iiig aitin-l like steam, from tho
r'rape pipe of an ongiiH-. The clouds were some
what warmer than the air above, wjikh ivrdera
lly reaniinatcd me. Looking, J sathat I lie bat
loon wai forced hard against t)ie-tiihg from nt
incwphnrio pressure t ttiia circunwtanco In a mea
"ire calmed my agitatum, although still descending
with unseakoblo rapidity. I exhausted oil my
I'llliist.let -o my'grupnol to its full extent, ond
iioiiriii ihm t mi Bonroachinff tho earth with
tMa i,l.n,iM
h raced mysell up, to amuo mo
"II .
n - a - , . ,,.
result, and how must I oxpresa my thank 10 in
Btapnter of Events, the giver aqd prcae rwr j w me.
ir my miraculona preservation, the bulging bndyj
o my balloon. truck one.. doof. pine tree f on
, ine body ol ihe troe. At ao.n 1 dCvored my
ahatleredaen, I huuled-up my KrnpUe, hod
tho car to il tree, hwe he bite of the rope ar.mn t
a braacltof the pioj, and deHcended the ground.
From the Southern Literary Meuenger.
What is hqpei
Oiadyin&)amp,thelatbriijhteparif. t
.Thatflaitheaiipereall ifdark
The ray upon the tear of riff, v
. ' The Polor star of true belief 1 ,
-The dint ynj reat liMike etrrak :
m That dnwiij on wan Conaumptiin'a cboek '
Anm no alaat it. fl,Ung glow .
, ' la iar on a hill of anow- ' '
The far-cart (fnaa of her whoM grret 4 ! '
" ?me ,ea-"f bfq'e alia fonga uj meet '
, ThelhinffWuidymptuioUleel,,- ' ",
Beneath the tyranfe iron heel ! ?
- The tear-drop in the Judge'a eye, ' "T
. Mark'd by the wretch he dooma to die V '
A dream of lila within hia , -
' ' ' .
. Who wakca toher,hiaowa dcath-belT
hesr hia own dcath-belf
.tliohanP,n.n'ando,o-
rand charr'd o'er
id a alain , "
a aingie ntire that.j
Been by him in tli
Caini bloody bran
At if 11 nover hi
1 he amilt) (hil dead men1! lim
Whoa mourning foota cry Lifo i ber 1" '
; A riven aliield-Hi broken brand . ' , .
Jra!po4 tightly by' aouie dying hand
The laH loose rivet learearplate, '
That man oppoaea to hiaJatA . - -i .
'I t'V ttfieaiwiaA XJtorsiai"' A
FACT 3 IN THE HISTORY OF CQj rjt).i
. Untikhe beginiiiaf the I flth century Ihljtnall
Quantity o conon required in England waa brought
om PyPru "a" Smyrna, in ihe MfUiterraneeit
The average annual importation iuto Eogland, from-
nog t-i!5, l.ni.opoiba. .. -
w Jv ' V'lM'ln yarn waa firt apun by machinel
In'nS:!,' on. the 25th November. MrJPhilin
Miller, of UH-laea, England, presented iheTrustcee
the aettlement ,.f Ueorg.a, paper f cotto,,
Vbich reached Aere in' March, 1731. In
-m U3& the: Dutch Colony of Supnaiu, 111 South
IJHo. ina .UuiCU Colon v tf
m ... ' 0 - .
Aaaonrw, nrai aeai BOme.Cv'IOl.
- 1. mi j r
In 17rt.4ffo;minorfaraw rottiiiMnto Enclaud
Vwere 1. 600,000 115. . , ' f
. "Jni''l 'he "rat cotlo!! apmniriglnill waiVrec
teTat Dirtmnhan the nibtive puweaVwaa jkJh5
or honca. , j$
In 1760, the entire value of cotton manufactured
. good in England, waa valued aonlv. 300,000.
Io 1761, ArkwVighl (afternarda'Sif.Riehard)
' a am
thounh it waa not hrnuu hi mjnv ori
M waa iillirnatnly improved to aa aatofiiahing ex
jicni, - 1 us iir- rW m riw cium ime year were
onrvabouf 3UtiiJ.00O!.
luting fide exportiyyin of utjni!f employed 10 lii--
chiton rnHntifncture. ; j
-Iii l779, the mule Jenny wn invented. j
In'lTSl," Ireland flrat exportrrr mtiotr goods to
CnHlnml aH.aaajimw aanl ntfaie 4tLilM O '1 7 I1mr iiiI fill
facturea anq 'mixtures oL cotton Tu iritr if aiueroT
157 cotton stocking, 17 33S puirt
Li 1735 Brazil firal nxD rie i column to Ehk4
lena. .. .
""Tnere was importndtiia into hnsdarid
f innlity-wuMMifaoiured U aet 4own atnlovon aai a.
half millions IbaJ
"""lBTTJMhe-rmwtf 'tooirrvraf' hTf?ntnd by-tfer;
Mr. Cartwight. T
Steam engines of Watt'a invention wero first
' introduced aa the motivo power of machinery in
e ittnn manufactories.
1796, Chlorine first ued aa a bleaching agent.
1787cottdn spinning maclnoery first set up in
France. "'
179, Sna Island Cotton first introduce:! into the
Smth, and ehort aaplo cutlou bgia la bo cultiva
ted.
1700 Mr. Slater nrtctrd the first cotton mill
, in Am -ricn, at Pa'u -k-t R. I. The village io
itfviciniiv is now called Ilatlersville.
1793, Eli Whiin,v T Conneoticut, but then f
Georf.a, invenledwhe cotton gin.
179a, Cotton milli introduced into Swiwrland.
Exporia from the I'nitod Stains, 9. 300,000 lbs.
-Friers in America 39 cents; iii England 82d, to
4."d. Value of American .exports,' three and a
iiall' millions dollars.
1903, first Cvfttmi factory built in New llamp.
hrr. 2"'
1915, the first power loom introduce,! into the
Fnited Sutee, at Waltham, Masichu:ic.tt.
H2'JTfi'Bt cotton factory erected ftt Lowell.
1S23, Eiiypt first exported cotton 'to, Enulond.
1 926, Rohefl'l aelf-acting mule -pinner invented
in England. i 7 ' '
Thus friftn 200,000, the value of cotton gomls
manufactured in Enijland in 1760, it roe in l'le
more than h If a cnniurv, to oyer 31,000,000,
lnlS41, the capital invested in the Eastern
Sinieiilof thia Union, in the cotton manufacture!
was tpi,w. ,
n tlnseenilawt
1 :
Miles Staudinh, telling tier agn, reuiniked lhat
waa bom on tho iweniyanconn oav ... .,,.n.. . .. r , w((c Mf - reUKed 0 icceptt M e ,
h'uHF4iMlfWhowaby,obsryrd. M alwa.ysthnu2hti(I f,ir W,an,.( n)lsCim(llt., ,0 Mr. Sv.no.ls 5 pub- j
yo wasboninntherjrf lay of April. lCn,,ons eniUPa by one Mr. Robert...," Ley's
pie mijiht well judge ."observed I hn matron, " fo, wlljcl, norihwick pVonou.ic.-d faVn, awl!
t!io choice I made of a hulwnd. Ljheretipon challenged Robi rtsou, who declined the
nfi . - ihiimr for certni reasons which do not ver c!i- J
'A Rfmitrliahle Dream- Th lovnri of the mat
V'tlmisawill bo delighted with tho following from
the Norfolk Herald :
Thit inaa- who professes to. bo a believer in
dreams and ot!lr extraordinary auguiiea of coming
events, i ire. (tn do re-jnrooa oy umu u-uiiB ui
mmkind as a'simpleton, if not a stark "idiot ; yet
that the most calamitous events havo been indicated
hy auch ptfcmniuttrms, ja, trintRapoiobhi fact j( and
it ii equally certaurthat aucn evonte naap ui.soiou
casea bceri controltfd by a strict attention lo tho
..t' H-itwarninaaaa
warninga thus inyatcruiewy gtvcnr u is iimn-ccsj
, ' oriilstorica!
JU a.th the
."J ' ;t . , uool'.be
we cinia among the most tiiparkib!o which have
fjllon within Our notice. TUv j weka buloro ii
pccurrejl, (ho tad cotaatropfie w'su distinctly rpro'
entiled fn a id roam to tun tiutta of the Jow) (one
ol le ffno of ateamors.fur which tho Madura waa
intended)' lie aaw her making trial of her ma
chinery saw her Wow up"-eaw the hnlpleai vie
lima of the explosion in the'wiit-f round her etru
alinjr for hie saw tho boat Rink, and iiWniTriiid
fL'apt. uHon (her cohimander) clad in a whitu
ure no toiu tiia drejui njirw,rda and f vt
laugljed atK TbWewo', it will ba re.n uberod,
left bore far "Haiti more on Ttmrsjlay nixht, (ft'
the explosion,) and paased "iit.tiM biv!- the iiest
morning the ateamor Uo'r;'ia,.on iSer wAv:rfv'u1
, nnu wood pt'fctivm,' tne u a. nig
halinaat, he excUnned in a toiw of criof
" 1 new 1 my area
m ia out lh MeJora ia lilnavn
upl 1 ha bonta panned eachMicr Pn fir SiHtani
to haif, anil it waa not known'V' tho ou boiril the
Jjvea until her nrrjvnl BrSal'iidioie, that .audi
indeed the mallocholy fact." .' "
-"Tf . " '
f? f Gardemjrsl-fhnXjtA rbU '
fW111' hixurmiitly.beneatli gm of a green clor.
uencntn. the yellow ami r'd !, th naniral
pmceaa ta. entirely chockedf Indeed it will be
found that fit anv nerind d.i'i fih .riu.l,fi. ,.r .
plant, rtr growth ma v be ti.':eked by exposing it
to the detidRVJ red or yellow (ioht;- v
inia oiacoverpa antj'Mif by' Mr. Hunt, the
Saereiary of Hhcliiiic Sk-ioiv-, in
England, wfio anys, in rel:r icn to it t lilue glana
admita tho blue or chemicai raj a, to the rfxcluiion,
or nearly an, oflill otliBi ; jcllow glnsr admits
Ulllv I tin turninali'r.n'.Jr.l.
led fate cutall all but th hwitin rays which
yun.,, irvDiy 1 enow aim .1 raya arctitiructivp :
to germination,, wberea, n:dor the inlut-nceof
iolet, indigo ar blue lihj, (lie procea is qai'ck"
ened iu'nioat extraordinary maimer.
Patriotic. "Feller Sonera." said a newfv elec
iea neuienani 01 militia, a vat
J a- . mm... . .
a wu in niHino.
"Hi'in alfired obleeged to vou lor f his elwveun in
i,he rBuk y" have given me. Foilor Sera, I'm
..... . gum iwigci jinir Hinoiieaa eoim not dv
darn'daight: and I' tell yoo what it 11; I'll wick
to my. post like pitch to a pine board, an long aa
there'e peace ; hut aa 1 go in for rotation in ofice,
if we ahould come to blowe wiiu the Britnhere, I'll
bo darn'd if I don't resign right off, and give every
fuller a fair ahakc for fame and glory und all that
ere.'
Did you pull my noso in tamest, air J" ...
' Certainly 1 did, air," (giving it another
tweak'
MIt'a well foryoiifor I don't nllnw
tojole with ims 111 that way."
'Whata the come, of ttmt bell
quired 1'ctcr. -J jii 1
pulling at the rojx:," replied Julm.
ngmg
Cairo. -A traveller gives the following account
of the eomhliort in which he found Caico, a. lamons
Kivera, viz: . - " . '- - -
The water ia sbout five foot ilpfn all around the
'
rVftrtr mnA thai Cm r r krl'hrtatv tfvinrr tn firta4
to til uiHm.tnat ther hnve slopped croekinffnitire
mv. t3 wliich the waiter waa, Railed brie
steamboat Vthe "pilot took lite Windows fur l- tcrn
ngnis. yJ'i nuuing no was ngni in town wiiu me
StiiS thtlo.r,Bha ThVThitl,1rSuW8fllveWrth
captain pulled up and every body 'Miquorcd. '
Cairo would make a good temperance town now
there ia plenty of water. v
w
The following ia an admirable illustration of the
baiikrupf laar and ita operation:
"Sambo, what your opinion 0bd.1t baukrup
law!" .
- "Tmlt him fira (ato,' Pompey. I imply for dc
application iiiiK-lb ! . ..
"Jut explain hia4princilna.wlt
" Why, you seo now j jrxt lend me dat half
dollar you got fur whiiewashing."
(Pompey banda. bim tho mooey , and Sambo
deliberately put it into Ms pocket.;
"Dire, den, now I owes de ahocmak r tree
ahilling, and .you half er dollar, beanie the grocer's
bill ; now dm half dollar is all de propertv I got :
' I divide him according to de debts.1
Pumpev " I take dat half-dollar back." '
S imbo (with Hinazemeiit) "Do you link dis
child green t Fin a bankrupt ; you gits you shore
wid de odor creditors."
A 'fiifjjonai Dud. in oujr late London pa
pcrs we find au immensely awl outrageouly mIhokI
correspondence, atnelling of iowiler and -ball, but
an liot.l:asly involved and beiwisted that no tight
had been cot out ol it, and we despair of being able
1 to give a clear acf&iuirof the cauu MIL between
the parties. 11 wrai uiai -a mr. ciynoni nnu
Inktxi olTeoca at anmethiiij aid about him by otw
Sir AViihain Wraxall, and mint a hostile muxaee
by a certain Mr! IjOv, to which Sir Willmm was
reported hy Mr. Ijoy, to liave,Kiven an improper
answer, oir i illuun domed llio impropriety, mid
Iscnt'a Mr. Burthwick to Mr. Ley with achalleugOjl
unctly appear. A whole shower of notes nn.l
memoranda followed, in which tho parties gave:
each other the lie all round, but which did little or!
mulling toward unravelling Ihe tangled skein olj
their embroilment ; nnu t the data of llio lnl j
advices tho matter stood thuai Symuiis wanted In
fight Wratall, Wraxall wautud to fight Ley, Ley !
wauled to fight Borthwick, Bortbwitk wanted loj
fight UobertSOB, and R Prison did not want to 1
fight at all, while neither f lh other lour had any I
desne to flght 'tlio particular gentleman asking tho
favor at hisbandg.w Tho ndon "paper, which
rrtd.cule lli-absurdity of the whole affair, auggnit
that a pentag jnar fight be got up, the partic being
.lationed in fivo-anled figure, and every man
taking a crack at,. right .n,?dncShbor.-
' spbsjii of mr. Mfrm;: r
tf aooru'cAoM?i( . ;. . ;
Delivered jm Senate, J a roh lO,'HU,on Mr. Clay'a
reiriluiion in mlation to tUo rovenuoa and exponcli
, . turea ef ihe Governuient. 1 . v,
v LCONCtCOED FBOX .iar WEKK,J , ,
I abill wit proceed to iho leoat cunVideraMo of
l- .1 l . . 1 y - . .. -
uie iiin-o ampiea. rice, rei. rnng tor Uetuil mlTirmJ
tion to the table F. and her we have the oiflv'iiti
favorable rmu whieU'anv of the itema of exports
; I have examined tfive.- i ho ajcresafo export of
rice in value, ducinjt thofiwt period, wore $12,
308,812, ..h i win a ain rt t3.974,5T3,nl mlhtr
t third 615,314.738. aluiwing a falliilg.'o 61
091,103. in ihe exoorts, nrobablv caused bv lhei
4 greater con -iiptiiMi ftr home, in" coosequence tm
,.imiih ma iiimrior y ne use oy mearn ol rail
' mane. nn canela, and the , drawing off of band:
.a
,L
ggri'i
t", tho Culture iif rtca u le employed in
llibniin tho whol-S'it will annear thai ihe
u uo Eainomno t.. ce MChnea in the aecoitl
.. , . -. '4 ... jz
piyiod, that of hlgti prt , duties' compared
wiiume ut, niMiol lori,ut SUII high duliea.
, iio gn-ai commercial and pecuniary embarrass
Jment, deducting the 'falling olf of tolMcco, and ad
'ding I do gain on ric-, is only 131,933,629 in eevon
year-, nu an aatrn-gate export, during the first pe
riod, of 22a,533,201, lest than 8.3 per cent lor
the whole pfKod, being art incr'eaie, compared to
thai of Ihe population for the limp, of about one six
teenih only j while tin aggregate gniu of the last
pniod (that of reduction of dutiV) on the three
, ataplea combined, deductir: :he ota on. rice, and
kdiling the'pin on tobacco, is, comparod Ip the
v eecond, that of high protective, dujiea, $200,0.'i0
-W3jrk tho eevin yesfi j being an increase' greater
than ihe whole amount of tho ajgogwle eXortaof
the preceding ienod, and grea'er thiin?jhe ratio tf
the 1 .cree of poulution fcr the tribe", by mure
than 2 3 to one. -
Such is the might impulse, which (I will not
- aay free trade, f r we are still far from it,) but
which a reduction of dutiea has given to the export
trade of our great agricultural staples, from which
the commerce and navigation of tho country de
rive tfuir main eupport. There can be no mis
take. The fucte are drawn from the official
eourcos and do not admit of any error which can
materially vary the result.
Hut I admit ilrat ihcro is a great pecuniary
einbarraumeot and diatresa throughout the whole
staple rcgion.iolwilhataii'Jing this vasr increase of
(he production and value if their, great atopies.
The fact being admitted, tho question is, whet U
llio cause ! The Senator and his frionds attribute
it to Ihe reduction of tho dutiea. 1 deny it. The
official documents deny it ; tor nothing is more
certain than thai the income of the staple States,
taken a a whole, never has been so great; no,
nothing like It in prnponlmi to Its pnpulotion, 09 it
tho comprjini&e. Ue, tl.en, iw'tmw -..
may, it is certain thai I ho reduction "of duties i
not, and that ao far fcorn tlw,jHinij( taken face
in spite of, and nq in r.onscrjucnee4 of reijoction.
, 'What, then is it T I will tell you ; ifttfcbtednei
fTtnivnnmfrderindrbtcdneBrof8rafrji,t;orpnrritionsI
and niilivnliiala, followed by a farced ami uddui
i hat ia tho obi'iou anq unqiicationa-
bie cause. And what baa cautd that J What
currency, which liaised prices beyond' all former
rl,l,r , tV-,. ,
raWfidjui MWm lffo(J IJlJJdy:U llw;
whole colnmuoity into a bodv of speculators, in the
j .-5'r-wxpoct two of e wiawmy -.lniy- fHmev I
And what caused thia great and disastrous expan
eion T 1 The banks, combined with, the-high and
oppressive duties imposed by the tariff of 1829. It
waa that measure, which, by ita oocessarr opera
tion turned excianga in favor of thia country, aud
by neenssurv consequence, as I h.ive proved on a
former icusion, Cauand the great expansion which
lollowed Ihu passagn of that art, and whioh, by
acnes of causes, explained on the same occasion,
continued to koep exciintiges eilhor in'i.ur favor or
about p-'ir, to ihe ouapension in 1637. Another
powerful cuuoe for this expansion, resulting from
high dutiea and siirniijin ' from the raine act was
the vast mirplui revenue whichit accumulated in
the Trrasurv.or rathr in tho banks, aa ita drpoai
Juries, and which became, in he', bank capital in
its worst and tii'Ht corrutiiig fm, and did more
to overthrow them and cause the present cuib.tr
raised state of the Government and codntry, than
all other causes combined. It wai tho proximate
cause of the then an pension; aud, in turn, of their
present ruined condition, and that of the forced
liquidajiott under which ihe country is auflering.
These causes, with the bankrupt law and Ihe return
of stocks from abroad, followed bv a drain of
specie, have produced that unjvcrsal ond intense
pecuiiiory enibair isnment and distress of which we
hear s.irii complaint. They belong to tho b inking
and tariff avstem, and not lo the eduction ol du
ties, which ao far Irnm being the caue, haa done
much to mitijjam the evil, by tho vast addition it
bus mad'i to the meow ol Ihe country, ns lias
bieu nIiowii. But, in addition to these, the great
stapla region, especially tiio cotton region of the
Southwest, have had great and peculiar difficulties
of thci- own. Tho rapid ex Suction of the Indian
'iuln lo a vasl aud feftim mrrltory 111 that q-itiMT
with a clioMite and soil morii coAgemal to the
growth of citton than any of ;ho Attain ic State,
which, in combination with. tho clouded state ot
the Irurroncy, led to bold ond reckless cculntion,
on u.greal af-uln, at the highe t prices in land and
negroes, and which have overwhelmed tho South,
western States wilh debt, and notwithstanding their
va-t tiii-o'iie, have n.l ihctn in their present nm
barrasi cmdition.
Tliesi, 1 ropout, are the great c::ncs r.f t!ie
rlistreu und f mhirrassments of the utaplo State,
and, I may add, through thorn of the.t'ni in. They
eouiH not from free trado ns the Senator, would
hava ui believe, lint from his own favorite system
of banks and tarifls, to which he so earnestly invites
the country acain to return II. is tho aiinmln-
ting trea ineip. The auflenng patient is tre.nliling
X in every joint and al.noai ready to sink from hts
lata debaucheries; his' prescription is to return
t' again -to the bottle- to urinK trom tno same
v docoiilul bowl, instead ot noncstty prcrcriuing totui
--'Spocch 00 the oesumMion of State debts delivered
in 1-llX
abstinence ns the only nfluctunl rnmpdy, " ,
4 l! il"t.i return to Ihe documenta, which I bate,
not exhausted. "Tho Suuatur aaseriol ibot ' th
price of cotton has buen lower durirc the surind
Lvfreductii)ii, thou under the old and cherished
s.vitern of protection j end here; ogain, 1 meet him 7 ,
on the fact. In order lo teat the lrulh ol tbia '
assertion, I Imve.'forincd aabular BtaicrtlCiif of tbe- "
qiinntity and prco uf cotton for "eajh -year, from
ijkvjoau.uivnicd.aa in ni(casoonho export,
into threu parts.tif seven years rarli, cJrrcsponmng
wjih' tho former. The table will be found in the
apmimTix, markt?d ,G. TJie statement from 181
t .10 is taken from a -laborious and carefully
compilefreport of the Senatnrom N.llanfjwbire "
Mr. VoodhiiryJ. made while be waa Sccrctajy "
of tho.Treaaury, and which contains a great deal
of valuable infuamatiorr in ielaf , Ho that important
ataple, fhe 'price for ther nlpg portions of .
the period ia from monuv k.utemcat of the .
prrecs oftottonfn New (Jriean4 (uking the average.-.
uuiwis'iibMuo uicucai sun, ino roweai price oacnat
owmin,' nnu me quantity inun several aourcea, bat.
princia,uf frfini a carefully drawTi atatemont, ap.
parcuuy ny one well iniormed, and publuhod in
the .Southern Conner. - " t
"fly" reference to (be table it will be scan that thai
aggregate quantity produced in the first part of thw
period, from '19 to 20 inclusive, waa 1& mllllone of -poonda
; lhat Uie average price waa Id t cents pet
pound : and the value a234.675.(IUU : and that in the.
second, from 20 to the aUintitr waa 2 530 miUiooe
of pounds, the averago price 10 cents, and the value
503,387,500 allowing a falling off in tiio average
prico 01 raw.er more man one nurd, and an aggregate
lucrmeof vflueot only tf28,7 12,000 ia the whole
seven years, iow note the dihYrenceamdorthe influ
once of tin reduction of the dutiea. Tho airirrcffate
quantity increased to 3,777 milliona ttt poiinda, the
prica incressoa 10 an average 01 ioj cents per pouaxl, . '
and tho ayjregate value to $j0fl,5 16,00, making an "
tncreaso'lor the aoveo yeara of 3.730)000. But aa
great and striking aa the rculb in, there ia reasOai lo
believe, that it ia bolow the reality. Uavins the aver-
age prine for tho respective periods, and tho value of ,'
uie exports tor I no name, it ia easy to ascertain the 4
quantity ahipped to foreign countries on toose data,' '
which, 11 otMuciofl iromtue Whole quantity produced;
will givo whit would -bo loft: for borne consumption.
Htf SnnlviniT lliifl ratrntatinn Ia 4hn .Mn..l.A im'.Am
it will be fLand rhat in the two former periods, a cob '
tiderabty greater amount if lefi for home coo-uruption,
than what tho homo, market ia usually, estioiaicd to
require, during those permda, and in the last consider
abiy lc. Thai Wou'd indicate a corresponding error,
either in tliw-price or the quantity, in lavor of Ihe two '
first, againut tiie last period, which may in part be ac
counted for from the fact that in making up thexuti '
- - e ,, . ...iw . 1 11 , ' - ..
iiiuin ui tno pricv prior 10 igoii, 1110 oecreury 01 tof
Treasury took Hie aggre jf te alue fucluding Sea Is
land aa well as the short staple, Ind which ol courre
would considerably incroase the evertgeprle of tho
whole, al a period when the former bore a' larger pro
portion to llio whole than at preaunt. The, p ticca In
the table aince 183- are taken exclusively from the
sliort Ht.iplo. Hut, be tho cause" whallt nay, it ia prob
imp, on uie oju aireauy siateu, itio vaiiy) during the
last p-riod, tlial of reduction, onght t be raised intf 'A
le thin twenty niiUions, or tboe of kp picccdin it
rcdiieed that ""V fJlf'nofico'J'i Ir'WVhin f
price of cottont wliklilio.atscrtcd to ao iolfcr tiiso it
has eeenhfce. tho late war. It ia, imlaad liw, very p. t
low too muelf eo to bear Uie burden ol Jiigh pmteetiva - - "
dutiea; but as low as it ia, it ia not lower Ihanjtnva ..' .,
iin,lsllt under the ppoMtion of JiH favorite ayeteajBdi:jV.L
seems I forget that pr, is not the only elcrfcrrit i'.-.' f-0
Wnmn.JOO. Prosprrnr Ol jnocqiivn, Pt. I,IJ.JE'BpC lJrfl:T
duct ia lo be eiitiiaated, QiianwtyisTul!y aa iuipor.ant,
as prico itself, in estimating the income of those eo-
gagea iirxno proouciion. ;ow, mr, lev ns ibko inio
tlm cttlcniaiion both these element, in estimating the
5uLi3ESua
sold in Ml, and that of 1641, sold this year, estimated
Tjniwwmrftftr any
other amount, lbeeropot 1 is put down at
millions of pounds; which at 0 cents would give (3L
500,000; and that ol IS 11, estimated at one million
aeven hundred thousand bales, aay tour hundred pound -to
the bile, would give OK) miliums of pounds, which
al 9 cent would give $Gl1200,000,,masmg r differ
ence of frrt,700,000 in tavor of -the. Utter, nearly
double tha formor. It ia thai great increase hi quantity
produced under the stimulus ot low dutiea, which, if
wa were permitted to enjoy ita advantage, would add
so greatly to the prosperity of the cotton interest
Such are the facta drawn almost exclusively from
official documents, and auch the roaulta, prlving beyond
all doubt the deadening effects ot high protective
duties on ihe productive energy ot Ihe country, and the
vivifying cfl'ecta of a reduction from duties. . Proof .
more conclusive of the one and the other canaot be of
fered ; but it would bevain to expect it to make tho
slightest impression on the party which now controls
the Government. The loading interest that which
contiola all their actiona-are twnke, tariflk stocks, pa
per, monopolies, and above all, that milctoe interest
which lives on tbe Government itself and flour ihc
most when it exactions are the area test, and it exDeo-
'dituros the most protuse. . High duties is Ihe life-blood
of this powerlul combination; and be tlis proof ot its
pernicious efil'Cta on the community . at larjre ever so
clear aa doar aa the ana al noon, it would make
fio impression on them. It is to politics, and not polit
ic 11 economy mej iou, nnu uicj wuu.u munj sacri
fice the manufictiire themselves to aave ths party and
i s political areondency. But I aay to them, lhat it ia
in vain you resist light and reaison. The Freedom of
trade has its foundstion in the deep and durable founda
tion of truth, and will Vindicate itself. It emanates
from the f)ivine will, end is designed in it dispensa
tion to pertoi-m an important part in binding together
in corxord ond peace the nations of tho eailh, and m
etend.ii!r hrand wide the lihtaof civiliratkm. In ful
filment ot thi high design, severe penalties arc arfnex
ed to a departure from its laws. But thia is not the
prPWT OCC l'jiDti tu eir.er ea these higher ce.niileratiwii?
I Inpean opjrtunity will ba a Horded when the bill
cornea up I t tlie revision of the dutiea fir which tjjeso
resolution" arc, I supp-jse, intended to prepare the way.
U'iicn it cotnes to bo acted on, I intend to embrace
tho opnortnuly to traco tho lawaof which tho Acta jnd
rcsul., liw;li I have stated fro 11 ofTicial auurcos, are
but comoq'.etires Ue a fixed and immutable ai
ihofc which jrovemiho material world.
As rrot s.i.l finking a theae resnlts are, it must bo
borne m m .id, thai they are but the sfllcta of tiio re
duc'i.m t-f duties, and llit, toe, under the greatest em-
bsmin'-iit and diaadianlerea growing out of the pro
tective sy!om, and not ths full and mature trait of tree
trade. What haa oa jet been experienced, affords but
a lainl conception of the wide and general prosperity.
which would be niu.ised throughout tiio whole commu
nity by Imv duties, sound currency, and exemption
from tho debta and embarrassment of a false and per
nicious system. It gentlemen could bo persuaded to
abstain from llmir prescriptinne leave off their nos
trumsrestore the revenue from the lands economics
and retrench expenditures the vouthlul vigor of the
patient would soon do tho rest. Pull ar., robust healtii
would soon be restored, ami a few years experience
under the benign cflects or a truer and better system,
would in a abort ttnu obliterate the recollection if.
prcfi. niffering.
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