Newspapers / Western Carolinian (Salisbury, N.C.) / Sept. 9, 1842, edition 1 / Page 2
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fi" t) i 4 V: If'l- it ; rtia'p-rs, ioleud.d foi Hi pro. ' tl ll.-,.'' tl.n (. r nuresxin" Una I of eiHiHvi-i M"?' of nnotner. , rminuoilV ni ifi ha been devised a scheme or oipreive, for tl? 01 oatt P,r!Ml f tnp .t bo i,J fB1nthr, however unjust .ch. as tM x u.uW iV-si-l. teason could tm of tho mow .pla.siUle. is, th,. ' prollGa "f w&ica i asked i t t,, elca w li. ers. The competition is represented 'UUaf' bow? aud fort-urn iudu-tr 2 and l .hr?1a' svnat it akd, 1 ,ld up at fnn I to lore, 7 ipa iimhmiji, it " " wrt ol being trait'ir to hi country 4 lake issue -en tho fact. I uony that there it, or can be, tuj cou.petni.Mi between home and foreign industry, but through iIm Utter; tad assert that real ompettwo, ia alt casee, it, and in out be, be tweeauue br inch of home industry and another. To wake good the position taken, I rely 00 a aim pie fact, which none will deny thai import are received iu exchange for rxp-rts. Front that, it follow, if (here he no export trad?, there will bu no import trade ; aud that to cut ofi the export, i to cut off (he import. It is, then, uot the import, but the exrt mhuh arc exchanged for them, . and without which they would not be introduced at all, that cause. 10 reality, the competition. It matter n how lot the f oit,er countrtc may be, and how chap iliwr productions, if we oare 00 export, tuy cannot compefti with our. The real Cuinp tit ion, then, it with that industry which produce the article for export, and which ----rchaee lueni, a id carries thetu abroad, and bring bick the imported article in cictime lor . thew; 4ud the ral coiaplntut i, Hint tboe o employed cih fernuh th' market cheaper than those can who u.diuracture article similar with the import; and wlut, in irutu, i a.ked, u, ifcnt tbi cheaper priice of supplying the market MouM a taxed, by unpusiog hih duties 00 Hie Miportatiou ot the articles received in exchange for th'e exporte,!, in order to give the dearer a m.nop.Jy, so that it may !l it oroducta for htirh. er pno-. It U, in fact, a warfare on the part of oianulacturiog industry, and tbos which are as euciated with it, againtt the export industry of (lie community, aud those astociated with n. Now, I ask, what i that export industry t Wh. ia th amount produced! by whom pnxiuced! and the - tiuuber of persons connected with it, coiopaitJ ; with thoee who ask a monopoly aajost it T Toe aaiwal donciia exports of the country may be put down, evoa ia the pn-nt emSvirra. d cfKjitio of the country, at SI lO.OOO.OM, ' , " valued at oar owa pxt. It is drawn from the for , est, yie ocean, and the soil, except abeut loo rail, iioiis of domestic manufsetures, and it the product - of that vast mi of industry engaged in the van ' - ous branches of lha lumber buiuoss, tlio fisheries, '"ia- raising grain and stoclc, producing the great ; agricultural sia;Je, rice, cotton, and tobacco; L purcLvnug and shipping abroad theee various :" 'iiroducu, and exchanging and bringing borne, 10 - letiuii, tlc product o( other countries, with all the . "associated industry u.'cessary to keep this vnt :. uucliiuory In motion toe ebip b-iilder, the tailor, - and the huodrvd of thousonJ of mechanic, in vludift mwuucturer theuisrlves, and other, who lurouh the vsnou necessary supplies for that - ; purpie. v It li diiUcull to estimate with precision tntr iniiubar eaiployed, directly or indirectly, in ieepiuia r.jt on this vstjqachinerv, of which ur g:eat cootmcrci&t ctliet, aud aumerous ships, whirtj whien tee ocean, aro but a ua'.l pirt. A CArbful examination of the ret irns ' I the statistic acco.npariyuij the cetMus, would sd rd a prouable csfi.i!iy ; aud, on the faith of such cx iiuitmtibn, mJd fcy a f'iend, 1 feef rnysilf warranted in say hat-it -cTce ls tuoiw etnitoTcd tirmOiiTal:tu . iiuj;, wit'i thu fssociaH-d industry necessary to I'jruiiii iht-m uith aupohe. in the pMportioa at l;st often to one. It t prpbabty much greater. -1 Such is the export iJlu-Jry of the country j such " its ayiouiit; ucti.ths source from which it is drawn; such tiie variety and inswniiuJa of its branchLt ; and uch the, proportion in numbers Tiicttthus aa ure emp1nTwt'itHtrKrectr,etrd indirectly, bt-ar'io thse. wrw ar,' in like manner, eujpio)d in tNiuutictariiig luaustry. tt 1 itwj vast and various anviuut of ioduatry employed at . home, and orawtng rom the foresi, the water, and the -wil, a It ,rcre by ermtion, this immense eur- plus wealth, to Lo sent abroad, and exchanged for - the productions of the rest of the ljbe, that i ng ' ioi!;x d t foreigu industry 1 And it is tliitf Sena tors, wb'ch you are now palled on tu t il, by impo 1 f ting ine high duttee proposed in this lull on th articl-ennporied in exchange, ia ordei to exclude them, iii whiil. of part, for tnti supposed benefit of v-" -a very minor iU-rtsi, whioU cboususto regard iielf as exclusively eniitlod to your protection aud favor. Arayju prepared to vcloMtd favorably t the caH, - - ty voting for tins lull ! Waiving the high questions of iiiHUce and consiitu'.i.sia pjer, I propose lo exi nine, in th) next place, tbe mcr. question of 3 expoJiency ; and, fr tuat purpose, the operation of la.se bign protective duties tracing, tuar, their - ssfocu on Hie Matiu actariug latarest luUmded lob leru-fited; uod afterwards ou i be export interest, tytin-w winch thy are directtMl. 1 . And hern lot ms say, tx'i.ire I eater on this part . of my tub ct. lhat limw enemy to the manuf.ie- turiug interevt. On the contrary, few regard the n with greater favor, or plica a rusher eetioute on their napHiance, than myted. ccordtng to my ba a falling oft of price, as well Ssq nntiiy. Tin ceiception, the great advauce ms le 10 the arts by , effect of tne. high protective duties, by prevent ' Dieeusnic tl and chemical lavontuis and dtst-ove ! ing imparts, wou.d be, to cause a dram of ccn rise, iu tiM last three of four guoer iou, has doue , V.,ni abroad, a lias been -tato.l, to piircii in.ai , mo.-e f.r civilu ition, and the elevation of the in homo tho supple which before nad buen ohtamH mjn race, loan all oUier causo combined in the4trodd. I tn, logctliar with tho riimiu,hil ca tame period. Wiihtnitimrauiofi, 1 taholi with pinty of our foreign customers lo buy, as just ex - pleasure ttie progrett of tne art in every depart pitmed, would tend to causa a fall iu tho price of ment,aud lo k to them, mainly, as the xr,at means' the atlicle exported, lii::li wo .id be more or less of bringing abwl a higher state nl civitaitmn, weeouiiisiijiMig iiiipwmg t iiysmaii liti a, and m rab It 1 n t to ihnin, nor to the and prico would proportionably dimitusii tho mi iul tciuring iuterctt, I object; but to whit 1 ! osns id tho.! directly and inlirectly engage lin . Irti:t be the u.-j isi, tiu wnC'itrnnutioniil, lie j itu great export bjsmess of Ihe co intry; which tntrakea and twitin w mean of bettering tneir' wmtd be tbtlowod bv ano'ber and rnore power-ul ' "-Doadiriue, by wlutis called the pr.iteciive system, j raose of tbetr impoverishment that thf-y wool I t la tracing wnat would be ihe effscts of ihe hi.li , nave lo give a higher price more money, out nf prif.tiv uutn propossJ by lb bill, I shall sup moir diniiu.shed means, 10 purchase tiicir sujpli-s, p-we all ine gruuiids assjined by its aiv icate 10 U j whether imported or manuractor'd at li mm, than true; that ihe low prices c il4:iK!d ot" are ctud ! what tbey coul-l havj got thorn for abroad. S.iv "by the import recused 111 exchange tor export mat toacfljct would b-s tt increase prios bjt 25 , taat t ie unpin have, to a great extent, taken pa jmr ceut. : then ihey would hava to give mm ddlsr session of the nisik-t ; and that tbe impjsiti'.n of ttUd iwenty five cen s, where otherwise, t d'dlar - high duties propo-ed oa Hw imprl would exdu'le would have been uiu ;ient. Tho j nut rllonof ihe iiieia either wholly, or to a great extent ; and nat whole would hi thu diminution ui iikmiw, and a ihe market, iu coosoqo-ot-e, wo ild be relieved, and , oouiractmo of the currency und falling mi of prices be followed by tbe rise of price desired. 1 ts.ume j i4 t,0 portion of the Union where lha export ii,u-. ; oil to be at stated, bocauae it t the tuppotiiion mms j rest is pr.doruinant, snd an expansion uf tho cur favor ibie to those wiio a-YTTof tnj-n Uaties, ana COO on wui-u lucy rc.j 10 uuas u.i men mmti, n it my- . t i o rres tne u'ijeci wan t e utmisl uune, baviog no other object in vie but truth. According, ineo, to' the lup-isition, tho first n Im efint-t of th-o high r'H lcttve dune would 'be lo excludo the imported article, tgjiuet which ;hey ate askc 1, e.tUer entirely, or tu a great extent, it 1.9 sSouid fail in that, it it obvious that they 1 1. . t ..I.. . 1 . ... . would lad m-tlio rnmoliaieoht -Wir?!. ultoU In woo e woull lie n aoornoii. numum , must lha necessary consequence ol th ec.i m , of the articles against which inn protective du'ie are proposed to bo laid ! The ans.ver is clear Tne portion of the export, which wo-iH have b;en changed for thoin. must thmi return in tho u ipm tected and free articles; and, amongst. latter, specie, ir, ordir to purclinis from 1110 iiaujl'itornrs at homo the upplio which, out lor the dotes would have beeu purchased abroal. And wnat would bo too effect of that, but in turn ID3 cxeti tajfi, . r 1 1 d . luiii .il li -..lrt r-i I l 1 r in uvor 01 tne roanumciuntig pinion ut mo -v, a againtt all others T And what would of iUk, M Krtgcia concentration of the specie 1 companierT j hja m,iWi;iCiurin region, ac currency irou, correspoiidiu exptinsioa 01 tne discounts of the v cause, and alill wore from the the effects of such J next auk, what must be prices there ? and wln'um, but that of raising the expense of tuanufactuiriat. but of increasing till the increased expanse aband that continumg producing so high, a to be eqwjse the cost of imported article, with Hw addkim. th it of tne when the importation will again com the duty, an additional duty be demanded ? aud This inevitable result would bs accolaiatei " two causes, Tho effect of the duly iu prcveritirV importation would causo a fai'ing off of tho domand abroad, aud a consequent falling off, temporarily, of prico there. . The extent would depend on the extent of the falling oil, compared wiib tho general deinaud for the article; and, of courso, would be greater in some articles, and lest in others. All would bar more or Jms aiI ;ctoJ ; but uone to an extent so great a was insisted mi by the chairman, and other advocate of the system, the other day, in the discussion of the duty on cotton bagging ; but still sufficient, 10 most case, to be sensibly folt I say temporarily ; for lha great laws which rogu late aud equal-la price would, in time, cause, in turn, a corresponding fulling uff in the production of the articlo, proportional to the falling off of lha demand. liul another and mart)powerIul cause would be put io operation at home, which would tend still -more to shorten the period between the demand for protection. , The stimulus caused bv the exoaiwion of the currency! and increased demand ami prices couscqueut ou the exclusion of the article irom abroad, would tempt numerous adventurers to rush mto tne business, often without experience or capi 11; and the increasod production, in con'quence, throa into the market, would greatly nccelcrato the per'.) of reoowed distress and emli.irrainiiiit fand demaid for additional protection.. Ihe bitr 0f n,a ,y9teo, funy ilfuttratea the Operation of IUsm causrti. ami lh truth .,f thn conclusion draw.. fr0) ,ttfia. Everv pro'tective ranfl thM Longre j,M ever )ai(1 bii dWsp(v,Kited ihe hope of it edvoc0i. nti hM bl!en iii0ived. at short interval, by a vuwaJ (i)t UiiU,.T duej( as I have shown on a forrm. nnu,,,,, Tim ha been protection., afior P.,-ciluai U!,B bulla after atiother, and each ucccuo, oll0 ,llore ca paciou than the preceding. . Ret.,,,,..., Km m. crease the demand, till lite w'lolo uIUIIi.tes in one universal explosion, such as that fru, which the ouutry is now struggling to escape. Such are the eff.-ct of the system cu the intent in favor of which these hiuh protective duties art laid ; and I sh!l now proceed iu ihe.n on the great export interest, tgsmsc wlucliXQe are laiu. 1 start at the same p'ltnt thd exclusion, in parlor wholo, of the impoitatuin of tho a nicies auost which they aro laid their very object, as I h.vo slated ; nn 1 whicn, if 11 ! ellocted, the wn !u umt fail, ,'1'hj ueccssiiry ciMiscq'ie:ice of the fulling oif of the imiwrts, mut Ik;, uitimvely, ih f.l.'fg-l- TonTie exports. They are mn'uaiiy depemlcin ou each oilier. It is admitted thit the amount ..flue export limits th imports; and thai, taking tones of year together, their vla", fairly i(iinniu wi be equal, or nearly so; but it is nt Ichs c -riain that t tie import limit, in like inan ivr, t .0 etp irt-i. If a I I'tiporiabe prohibited, ail exp iris 11 t coasn ; aud if a given amount of imp rt only be J nitu-j, the-exportr -intwt 1 "timtlr inte-rf?wytoTne mmf amount. For like reason.it such hii duti -s lw nnposedthat only a limited a-uui cn be loiporied wiib profit, (wbich it the case in n ie,ion,) the cxporti must, m like nnoier, sink d iwu to the same amount. Iu this aspect, n is proper t- incs the efleet of another inJ powerfil c iu-k. iiititiTJery connected with that under comidiir.li i i. This falling off of lha imports would neorssirily cause a tailing off of ihe demand in the nnuk'-t abroad for the export. Tne capjrutv of our cos. tomer mere to buy from us, dep.:o li, m 4 great measure, on their capacity ol' ssllm i us. fa impair me mrc, is 10 ir.pur ine oi:i, I ,,e j nut operation of Uio two causes wouhl b) hinlv s i verM to the export Industry of the d nur,-. ( tt should not cause an actual deoreas of t ;o exp -ru. it would arrest, or greatly retard, their in jrea-e, and with it, the commerce, the navigation, a. id iii'-ir associate interests, which explain whv thoa-j great branches of business wure trremed in (heir irowth u'idor the prolectivw Uriffs of IS.'! a id lii, an I received su.h a nughty nopol I o n the rodu.tm i of duties under the compromise set, as b n fro'n the commercial tables, exhibited ou a fimur occ i si'Mi during the preseutcsai'Mi.f Out the loss would not be limited to tho fil!i.T . m .... U ot tne quantity ol the export. I hero would ; coosidorahle on each, accord. ng to cirnnnM inct-s. itwn cu"e eomtinwd--tiw I1I11.1 1 11U nf n'ja;m;y tnei rency, an I increase of pnee in that where the T. mauulacturing interest is, a has been explam-d Tbe consequence would bo, to compel the sulfuring iotered to resort, 10 Ihe first place, to economy and curtailment of expenses ; and, if tuo ' ytea be Mr. Calhoun' vpcech on tho asjiimp'ion of the debt of the State, f Mr. Calheun' pech on Mr. City's rrn!a!icnr. - : "J...: r,'.. - - ' ' 1 ronUoiKt, to tne a'wna.innmiiioi iuruna . . , . P ... 'iU IWtl ,1 1 .;er nil rd remunorating profit., l u. xt ropt tocoBiider wliHtmuit bo the con t q 1.' f; f that result 0 1 tho business sud trade of i'i.Mimlry. i or that purpose, 1 prop i,!i!'3 r"cln J as i ill Ih m icli eiiiirr to trare iflts on a sitiglo srticlo with precision ant t,V miction, than it would be On to greit a number and vnrnity. shall select cotton, Defuse ov iar ,u roost considerble iu tlMJ Jit of domc'icex ports, and the one with which I tin th? bt ac nn Hilled. ... v ueu tne cultivation 01 conun is jruiiiiiD, engaged in it devolo their attention almost exclu tively to it, atil rely on tlie proeid of tlieir crop to purcliaae almoat every arncie ot uppi , i hrad ; and many even that, to a great extent. Dai. when it ceases to be prtifitable, from high pro twctive dutte, or oifier causes, thoy curtail their expenn-nd fill back on their own resources, wuti ,l.rfK lluvhottlid tOSUOIllv tllOir WHIllS. IIoUM- hold industry revive; and strong, substantial ,wr. rli.thinir is manul ictured from co' ton and wool, fir th- ir fanilie and domestic. In addition to coil mi, corn and other gram are cultivated iu uifTirixiit abundance, not onlv for bread, but for the rearing of iock or variout dcripti.Mis hogs, horses, mules, cattle, an I hee,. The eflur.t of all this is tn diminish greatly th" consuinptufl of ihe msnufaciun-d riiohM. whether imported, or made gather porti.m nl Ue Uoion ; an" ". . , ,1.. ..-.rrMn-m of m-, gram. a4 ok, U. , " t areat filling ff h de between sua couoi. - .Vl tlr (he 8utu and (he minulactu : ring region 6. ,h( N(irl) o,o.,ofd'. A -other, Ihe ifreat ,)np an,stock region of the lV..ji !!.. t s a rwi " u iui 1 no nc.ciuo not end mere ine West -the gral and fcrfile valley of (he Missisip pi d awsin lueana of pr himing from the manu facturing region alji ist Wjclusively from the cotton ; and ih filling off of ilsrs IflJ ailh that region i fillowed by a corresponJi,: filing of in thai with the mtnuficturmg. Theoni is, that this scheme of co npelliog other to jivu higher prices than they can aff ird, termina e, a it regard ibis great branch of industry, in tb impoverish ment of cu turners, and loss of the tn.le.of two great sections of the Union. 1 1 is thus, Senator, that e ty acl of folly or vicefihrouihtka orinciiile of retrihutivo justico so deopfy seated by an all wise Providence iiij me puiiticsi and mor.v world) ii sure et lust to recm! nn its author, What I .lld of Cutuy, U eniisll evnrv whir branch of industry connected directly or indirectly with the r.i r- ii'dustry-juf the i country. This bill would a(Fct thernall alike; , cauw Idem to soil les, get Uss, and gi e rn ire fi ; ttrev buy, and to fall ha k no their own re tource for supplies; or abind mi tneir pursuit, to b-t followed, fi rIly, by i iipovertshment and loss of custom 10 th'ie with whom it originates. The ' whole tendency of ihi measure is to isolate country from country, 3'ato frorn Stat, neighborhood from neighborhood, and family from fainly, with dimin ished mean and increising poverty a the cimle contracts." Th- cotisu nmati.Hi of the system lo . usq an illuilrttion no l'n true tinn striking of a deceased frit'ii!, 'is uobinson Crusoe in goat km." Kach would be the effect of the proposed high j protective duti.-s, bMh on tho interest in lavor of ' which, and that agiin-it which they are intended ; even on the supposition that thx evil is such a the advocates of 1 his supp ise. But such is nM theca. The prewnt embarrxsmiul of the mauuficturing teresi is not cus-d by the fact, ns supp seJ, thil the 1 ai,d articl-- hdv. :An p'9i-i of the mrk-f, af n,, hcJuhuj! of the domestic. I; h lro1BriviJa Oi'ihd whole amtU'it. in value. ol t no artichKro:vlt.j tt bi protected by tbi bill, 'JUJZfsLJK- mHi piopoilion to fftETT - t ..- - . -i .... ..... . uhkmi ot me ouiraiiiee o:i uan- u a-'u-e.Hlr. feinn esiimite the former at a. mil (Lilt ...e.i.i.k . . inn nnn nni . 1. . a t 1 i. thml im 1.1 una : . :d 1.,.1 .... t:ie c-ihim of lf). litt pr.ibubly le now tha:i t'ivi, in c i is-q i;vie o ' tho mcretio'of tiio maau fart-jrtiiv:o, ml the "filling off of the irnjKirH. t venture ii jthinir in avin that, l nj fur-.'-r pe miitja..i.Tiyx.riiiJJiu -iit K..! u or.' ti-a.t. n Inn nr if in - iti.fntn uMt b'jiwea ti.,n,nr iho comp--tiiion ? dccit-d Iv ngiint tn; imn.irled articles. It fii'thcr fcnd even mure decided prof be required, it will b found m me s'.at-j of ih) exclune. It is now 3J per cent, in f ivor of .V?w York against Liverpo.il ; which is pro if CHtclnsive that 0 ir exports, after iii-f'ini our eugig ineot abroad, are morn than sj!li;;e'ii 1 1 .upp!y the deunnU o ihe country. far j I I!'Virtti.l nrtlt-l.w. PV.'MI nl I.im f..in.'ttir.itiF.I. In M 1 rates .rfd...yi.,. tho-l.it voar; 0 much that it is n-ire pritit 1 1!-; I . im jort oion-y lli in gor,d As Pr , a tf ,., , ioe it t!u, o( ,hc b.nH-S rw. hl1vo:,ord.istoinprt jrg amni'ii o .v 10 on epffwiarhntv it is in sii rn si ite-d" l i ngs, and such aa that sup . pu-l. thu it is prop-isad U lav the high protec use duties; and - q-jesti m ii, how will they work u,,d,;rii. That tuey will still nnrc rtr-ctuallv exebdo the , imxrkd articlos. and still m ire strongly turn the ' excha-ige 10 our favor, nnd thereby give a local and ,arti;i.-wlexpanio.-i to the curr-ncv in the manu firMrmu regi-n, nn l a temporary a'imutu to thu j brazil ol' in-lu-rfry, is prohibit; but there i no j I ix it J 1 1 trying that it would be tlaetiug, beyond I w ikt his bici m ill Irom the same causs, snd ; wrul J bs ucepedl more rtiedily, and to a greater j-xtent, hf lha 'ailing off of ths hune inirket, 1 t'luKigh t io ofi'wi f cause already explained. ; I' l- resah, in ' words, would be a great -r and ui re rilloii reaction; to be followed by a more i s 1 titn fid mr ext-nsive f. of the h me roir. jket; tiVntt, whatever might bj gained by tho ii-xcluiio of farelun ancles, would b lr out. I wiMgned iv imi I ms of it. What else would follow, jl il n-rt tittwttnnt to anticipate. It would be tho j first timj? nit a high pr.rtective ttnil tia ever b-eir ! ad 'lute'l.u l;r tmilar ctrcumstaucs ; wnd it w 'ih ! ". diiii. ait, witli'iut liieaul ol exp.rioiice, in a cai sj u iprced-jiited, and on a enlij.xt so complicated, to trace OMMeijiieuces with anything like r.icisio.i or certaii.y. T.m alv icatej of the protectiv , or rit'iir the prohibit nv -yte n, (for ih it is th. more nppmpri . ... k . e . f.,i I...I ...... ..r.... r... .1. . . .... iMHIu J im.o ia-u . n.. vtril, Mil II IIOI (IU ; iinguwhiii liwfweffii tho t and thst of K u'au-l. T situ itimi uf our coii!trv rinl cuiiitry h is riMin to gr-at f-iver and wealth, no I't'iy a'irih iln it t ii-r pr'.iibitory pihey .v:?rlo-iki.-ig tho greit n-l iiii.jm nf her pi-Hiion ; h'-r gr-trr frij-d , 11 a:id neuriv, onored to the riMt ol l''.oroi ; nn, f. irgntiin' thai other Iviriin nountri'., an I t?tsiM vi parikuUr, pisued Ihi system even furllior, w'ith Id" vrv r-vrsn I'fl'tct. Hit admitting tlvil lh gratuM f Ivigl-i-id msy, m part, b" aitnliuted to tne vt' ; still it wo-ild furni h no pmuf that tt elleclt - nil hi Die siiiir with m. Oir situmon ii, 10 miry rosp.ro-, strikingly diilorent from hers ; and, amoig "tnrs, in ibo important partieiihr, it 'allocis the point undir ctnsideration, tint she never hid hot tear raw material to export, und they .no groat viluo: coil and salt now, and w.nd formerty whilo our country hit numurim lTjo. NVarn R, Fii. 1 uch i.roducls. uudofll.e gr.-alc.l vuluo, id tl.a general co.no.orco of tbe world, la.gun.i nan ,-reate, by manufacturing, the, pro.lpcl of her ex 00A tradei but, with us, our soil an I cli.n .to and fores' are the great mw trooi wincn ..y drawn. Io extract tncoi ir 1 u abroad, and exchange them lor u,e pro....-. rest of the world, form, the basis ol our industry, , ha boon hown. Iu that i " be found the great counteracting cause, with us, to thu system of prohibitory duties? the oirutioo of wbieh I h. endeavored rapidly to -ketch. M hue, here- tofore. defeated, and wtll hopes of in advocates, in li.igianu, v was nor is any auch counteraclinfl cue and hence lha comparative facility and eateiy which it could be introduced and established there. But, it ws asked, what is to La done! What course doe frun policy require, to give the highest possible impulse to ihe industry i biiu proKc"7 lha country, including manufacture and alii I snswoMhe very roveise of that propotod by lu bill, luste id of looking to ttio noine u-m 11 ,.7-o,.j Ihnl. wa UlUit look rrihat. . Sanators. reached a remarkable poiut -"i- - . ... .... in the progress of civilization, and the mechanical and chemical art, and which will require a great change in Ihe policy of civilized na tout. Within tho last three or four generations, ihey have re. ccived an impulse far beyond all former example, j lmr..pA iinliiiiiirii. and have now ooiaineaa'ri'-v,"" " The result has been a wonderful increased facility f producing all article or auppiy uopouumg on those arts; lhat if, ot those very articles which we calt iu our financial language, proiocto l articles; and against the importation 01 wincn, uicso uigu durics are for the most part intended. In conaO' n truce ol this mcreascd facility, it now require but a raall part, comparaiiveiy. w mo muw capital of a couutry, lo clothe it people, aud up itself with most ol Hie prouucis 01 ine usomi arts ; and nenc", an civnuu pnopw, nu ceptiop, are producing (heir own supply, and even overstocking their own market. It results, that no people, restrictsd to the bomemarxot, can, 10 iu present advanced state of the uselul art, rite to irrniiiowi and wealth bv manufactures. Tor thst purpose, thi-y must compete su-cwiuny ... . I.. II.. t..m foroigo market, in the younger, toss auinu, loa civilize! cwutries. Jiftem for more eulanradand fr,ee-icour.e oo.we.i, tun oiuor. mora advaucod. and more civilized natl s, and the younger, let advanced, aud ! civilized, at a time when the whole globe i laid open to our knowledge, and a ranidiiv and faiility of inter courn e-rtabltshed betwevn all it pirt lierctoforo unknown, is one of th mt'ghtv' mean ord lined by ProviJonce to spread puuUihmi, light, civiliwiion, and properity,ar aud wide over us entire suruco. The great problem then i. how is the foreign market 10 be coininandea t 1 answer, oy tne re verse mean propo-ed in order to command the home market low, instead of high dutio ; and a sound currency, fixed, stable, and as nearly a pos- sibie on the level witli Ihe general currency of the world, instead of an inflating and fluctuating one. Nothing cm be more hostile to tho command of foreign trade, than high prohibitory duties, even a it regnrds tho exports ol manufactures. Ilie arti. ficial expansioo of the currency, and consequent ne of price and increased expense of production, which, as his been shown, must follow, would be of themselves fatal ; but to that must be added an othnr eauae not much li'SS. I refer tft ih amoral pressure ul tk wtiibtMf aytiein on the export in fustry of the country, n alresdy expl lined, and which would fill with a much severity on the export o! manufactures, ns on lhat of cotton, ir anv otlv'r iionjanul .cturcd article. 1 tin tystom p - ; wj(h tlk, ou export, whether of 'i rjL riutcri,, or manufactured articles in the last d , ifhrjl rtlle of finish. The reason is the i'his .begins to bo understood in CMintries ihe mst advanced in the rts, and whose evpric'is!st almost rxcluivcly of manufactured articl'1 and "especially Kngland, ihe most so ot shv; and hence they have, already begun the pro. , crs of reduction of duties, with tho view of in- I ........ . . j ot her .unll, Ciglnd, with thtt avowed view, mado gtCt rcJuction in her import duties. D M enn we hope to compete successfully in the market of tho world by means of a ound currency and low dutie t I answer, if wo cannot, we may gtveupthe contest as desperate; and trie sooner tne better. It is idle, and worse linn idle, lo- 'i attempt to add to the growth t our rainuf icrures h the prohibitory svMin. . f-.ey have already """ ? "--, .nun ,a... -..cu ! growth. IV atte.npt lo ,Mh th.-n further, must retard, instead of acceler-ting their ' growth. The honw market cannot consu:ie our j ,"tnt'w turplo nructMki ol' provisi.in, lumber, ic ,Uo"' ",l:,ccoi no' ""1 employ .n-nt in man ! u ac,ur'nff' ,or ',o;no consumptimi, ihd vast amount ; of l.tb r employed 111 raising the surplus b-ivisrl ' ,ho ,"""e C'm'np""ii "1 which can only fi vd a I lrkf" abr.wd. Take the ,ngle nrticle of cotton. ! " tak,4 " ,ho "C"J,"l,t 700,000 lab-irer lo produce (lie crop moro thin twic-s tlio numbor, on a fair calculation, employed in ull llio braixlios nianuuclurc which cuii expoct lo ba b.?nefutud by these high duties. Li thun tho mxth pirt wmiid be ainpla 10 raise every pound of cotton necesarv; lor tho home murkct, if every yard of cotton cloth consumed at home wcrtf inartufactured at Imun, and made Irom homo-raised cotton. What, then, 1 a-ik, is to bocoine ol the five or ix hundred tlioosmd lab-irer now cmpluyed in raising the ar (icie fur thi foreign market Y 11 sf c in they fi id eninloym'ttit in manufacturing, wiK-n 4)1 psrttin. I'l l.) uf all thu protrcled articles consumed 111 the c,,'mlry Bf0 "m 111 " m'"'0' 11 not in ' 'ninuiaciuring, how els.? cm th;;y Iu employed? l raiS'"S provisions? Tnmu rngHgid m that i already su,nly, and m.iru Man siaky tUu homo l"ir",!' i und i.ow ',iall limy I11J i::;iloym-nl m I "lsl! quaru-r '. 11 jw ttioso o npiovui m ini cuiiuro ' tobutoo, nu-l lb lumber bo-nn:., no I I'ormga jTi'ade ? Tiio ulltrnutivo is inwitable tli'-y ui'1-.t ,,tuur pcri-.!, iu spun ( liio-e higli protective dniii-s. with ..I! the toini-qoi-nt loss und i np ivcr i l.hl.t-.'tl Vi'litiiil miltl li.tt.t iIiimii. ill t!u-ir urAmO I - -. rii. t--iiploy,iioi ; or oo'inrtuuj into utiiversil compcti ti n in prod icing ili'i proteci iJ uiticli-s tor thi Ivttnu iinrk' t, wnch is already nearly fully sup I 'i ' l ly tlio m rtiill umouiil ul lalur t-ugigol 1:1 ' 1 liiur produeiioii Hut why should we doubt oir ciip.icity locum-l-'J s-ici-osifiilly, with a sound cut roncy 1111J low 'duties, ia Jio general markt-t of the w rh f , virubuiidnce nf 1 h..,( prnvi ions, mi l of ihu ' ri m'lleni', ns far us cotton n concerned, j;ivr ' us great advantage in tho greatest and mom nn.' 1 portant branch ol ninuufautuiei pi nuxlern times. I o these m:iy Ih; aildud, a favorable situation fir o j trade with nil tho world ; tho most abundant and chesp supply of wlmt mav y culled natural capital wut.'r, cunt, timber, and oil; and a peculiar aplitiide f .r iiieclmiiical and chemical improve meutsnn tho pir of our citizan, combined with groat energy, industry, ;,n J skill. There ire but t.vo dnwbicki high wnjjes ond high interest. In other reqiecU, no country ha supuri-ir adua. lac for manufacturing. Mo one is more avorso to the reduction of wbjtm than I am, or entertains a greater reject for the luborins portion id the community. ' Noilim. could induce 1110 to adopt a course of policy tbm would impair their comfort or prosperity. But hen we speak of wages, a distinction must be ninde between the real and artificial ; between that which enables laborer to exchange the fruits of his industry for the greatest amount of tood,ch - thing, and other ticcessaiie or comforts, wuheut regard to tho uorainul amount 10 money, and lha mere nominal money amount, that 1 often the ro nil of an infilled currency, which, instead of in cruasing waged in proportion to the price and the. mean ol tne laborer, i one 01 ine most euectivt means ol defrauding him of hi just dues. Out it . . ... - .I.,.. 1..... . . is a great fnisiuae io bihwi hwi iu prices ana , hi ! wages, eaUmatad in money, are irrecuncila. b!e. Wage are but tho residuum after deducting the profit of cspiw', t!e expense of production, i-icluding the esactiotu of the Uuycrnment in Ihe 1 8.1300 01 ihape of taxe which must cenatmy iau on pro. UnW however laid. The ks. that is paid for ; the use of capital, for the expense of production,,, and the exactions of the Government, Ihe greater U the amount left fir wages f and hence, by ku soiling these, prices any fall, aud wage rise at the same lima ; ana mat is ine commnauon woica . gives to labor its greatest reward, mii places tht ,. Frosperity of a country on the most durable basis, 1 f it not my habit to stop and illustrate by exam pjo l but the importance of tho point under con. tideration is such, lhat it would seem to justify it. For thi purpose, 1 shall s doct a product of the soil, and take the article of wheat. Suppwe twenty bushnls of wheat t' be produced on an acre of laud in Virginia, worth one hundred dollar t and the wheat lo bo worth one dollar a bushel j , tuppose, also, lhat tho interest, er cost for the nts . of capital, to be the same in both couutrie say Q per cen'.. anu tne con 01 cuniTauoo, ano ine ex. action of tho Government the same s it is roani. fust, on the supposition, that wages could not -commence in England till $0 (the intoreet in 9100) wa paid ; while in virgiou it wouu commence aftor CD cents (the interest on 810) was paid . 1 I . l 1 ... .. ..f...t.:.. Ana nonce, in k.iijji3uu, viuk iw vi vuoia. tionsudthe actt:m 01 ma uovernmem side, but $11 would bn left' for wages; while 01 40 uld be left m Virginia; and hencg, tiro product of labor ia Virgini, out of this greater. rejiduum, miht soil at a lowur price, and lear still a gnu;, er fund for the reward of wage. Che rilxi:r,t, of the coU of cultivation, and of the exactions ,,f ; j the Goveru neut, woald have the samo !H ci 13 1 ptyioj leu for the Cipital, and wnuld hav effect of makiog a still greater duTjmnco 1 1 the fund to piy wage. 1 aking Die aggrcgnto of i.V; wholo, and comparing all tho olencnO that fi.!"r into the computation, I feci assured tfiat,' wusi 1 tound currency 4n i low duties i. e. light t,u,s exacted 01 tho put of the Government tl.e only element which 1 against ut is the rate ot imorcn; but thai, our advantages in other respect would more than counterbalance it ; and lhat we have nothing to tear iu open competition with o'.kr countries in thegenoral market of the w orld. V,'o would have ouH'utl share n'llfi t'le nit srecew. ful ; whiU, it tho same lima, tlio exuberance if the home market, relieved front oppressive bur dons, would b-vastly increased, and be nioro cf.' fectually and exclusively commanded oy t' 0 pro. duction of oaf owd 'mamifacturers, t!,au it caa Pisi0!y be trig urnm, uiirrHutnamriar, woniipuU. aina;, and opprewtve acbttne proposed by thit V.'tV I a rt not ignorant, Sjnatort, that it is the work of time and of great delicjcy 10 pass fro n the nr- jjjl2iaiu;iil'Ufl m wli the emmtry tnTtJnr bceu tilaced, in icfreiice to its, ln.iutry, .ly" a mistake 1 und n.iicliicvo-i rystcm ot policy, : t'u. den transitions, even to better habits or belter conditio!), are liar.iriltiusunlei slowly t:ffcicd. v itti this impression, I b.ve ever been avene to all sudden steps, both to the currency and the' ysU-mof policy whicli i trow the sutj'jct l. cur" d.liberaiiw, b id as I believe Ilium both U be ; and deep t my conviction is 10 luvor of a tou id cur. i . . in reach, by a sudden transition, ho which I firmly bt-iieve ihey ni.iy be reduce.!, can.1 sistcntly with the necessary wan! nf Govt ru nci by a proper management tf Wr ; finances. -' But, as peniiciout as the prohibitory or' pro!; live system may be on the industrial pursuits of thecoumry.it it ttill more u on its politics an.! murals, t'l'hat rhy have, greatly Ogoiir-rated within the last fitlcco or twenty JTaisi iWMilC;a j are less, pithotism and ponty, and more fwinai cllishnesi, ad I corruKioo .that our public H(Ir are cooducted with lc digmiy, docorum, r.ni r' gard to ccooo ny, acoounubiltty, and Hiblie luith ; and, finally, that the taint biseitondcd to private a well 10 public mor.l j is, onlwppily, bat too tnanilvst to be denied. - If ell this bo traced back, the ullittuie causa ul tins deplorable change will be found to originate mainly in the fact, that the duties, ( r, to speak more plainly, the taxes 00 tho imports,) frorh which now the whole rcver.us ii derived, are to laid, lhat ihe most powerful portica of ihe comm jnitynnt i.i number, but influence, arc uot ua!y exempted -from il burdm, but, in fact, according to their own conception, recctr. bountie from their operation. They crowd our tables with petitij.!, iniolormg Congress to irn I pose taxes high laxes; and ri-i nce at Iheir Irn-. I. .1.. ....... . 1.1. , , . irunit,-ii, mm 111. jrcaiOT uiusMoir, anu urpmro tntir utl'cal at ibu greatest calamity whilo other .par lion regard 4110m iu too opp-isiie light, a oppre. ive and griavon burden, Now, 8dnatort, I appeal u yoii.n i!l0 randor and goo I eunjo avet ol the fnen 1 of thu : '..'l whether theso fact do not furnish proof conclusive, that the, high pro. . tectivo duties arf regarded as bounties, and not taxe, by thowO jm tniNicrs, ond Ihoee wh tupport tlicir coursw, mul urge lite ps-swge of Ihe bill? Can sifongor pruJ)l bo oJered l liountie may be implored, but it i not 111 human nature to prty for la';s, burdon, and oppression, believing ihem lo be such. I g tin appeal to you, and ask if the poer of taxation enn be perverted into an instrument in the hinds of (sovrrnoiriit to enrich snd sggrandize one irlion of the community at threxpense of Hit other, without causing all of the ditastrouj coie q ienc s, political and moral, which we all deplore f j I '.in anj thing be imagined more dcstruclive of patriotism, and more productive of fuction, olfisli- noss, imd viuljiice or more hostilo lo all economy nn.! a-iuitabdity initio admioi-itration of the fiscal depart mil of the Uovermeiit? Con tboo who r.'g ir J taxes as a fruitful source of gun. or is Iho I muunsol averting ruin, regard exlr.veganco.wHie, negii'd, or any other meuos by which tho expenui ton s nny bo incressod, and ihe tax on the imports ratMcd, with the deep cottdummttion wbich (heir corrupting conscqueuces on the politics and moral of Iho community demand I Let Ihe history of the Government, since Ihe introduction of Iho system snd its prv-sent wretched condition, respond. .Hal it would bn doing injustice la charge tho evils which-have flowed Irom Ihe system, end Iho greater which" still Ihnmten, excluttvely on llib iiianulicluring 'interest. Although it cstcnsiWy V
Western Carolinian (Salisbury, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Sept. 9, 1842, edition 1
2
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