The
Carolina
Watchman.
.GtttttJ'.
FOL. V.THIRD SERIES.
SALISBURY N. C.,: FEBRUARY, 11, 1875
NO. 68. WHOLE NO. 72
1 i .i . - -
.
i . i " -
UBLIBHKD WEEKLY:
J. J. BRUNER,
Proprietorjaad Bditoi .
J.
J. STEWART
Associate Editor.
BATBI OV tTBCBIPTION
WET5KLY WATCHMAN.
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aaa a. r- j
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Uresular advertisement. iu.umig nonce
" ii i i - - : n:
lis per line ior ticu aim otu iukiuwi
HE FAVORITE HOME REMEDY
.mlnvntlv n Kimllv M cd icine : an'l 1 V be
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ia lime end doctors' bill.
After over Forty Years trial it is still re-
eaiving the moat unqualified testimonials to its
virtues from persona of the highest character,
aad respoimibility . Eminent physicians con-
end it as the most
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For all diseases of the Liver, Stomach and
Hpleen.
The 8YMTOMS of Liver Com plaint are
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nocic, Dltlen or .mi ins, uiien miiKcn iur
Rheumatism ; Sous Stomach ; Loss of Appe
tite ; Bowel alternately coKtive and lax ;
lioadacfafe ; Loss of memory, with a painful
a . i . i r. ...!- I
osation of having failed to do something
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m 1 1 1 ' .L!-l. II ............. nnn ..( iL Kiln
I I' . . I . . . t 1. f(nn ml.t.lail f,r t.
f iliANAvmtnm Attend the
mS lioaao n ri iiorj vnrv itw mil inn i.ivkil. ine
. - .a i- . i i i ....... i.
teMl nnri t in ili luifiv 14 (THllPml V tilt? Milt I
----- w m I
iavn ViSH" I -j
i s..!.! ih'iT I aa
sal ina ihrpiki' nnti ii iujl ivrcuiatvi in .iiibc
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v. o . . r i
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For DYSPEPSIA, CCXSTIPATION, Jaun-
ic. ISilioiM aitacKs, nn. iv nMuin,viic,
InriiMiim it Suirilx. .xn a oioaiavn.
laart Burn, Ac., c.
i no neapcsi aua i ureni r biuiij iwhh i
Manufactured only by
J. H ZBILUff A. CO.,
Macin Oa.f and Philadelphia.
a,. . O l-l 1 lt wv : ..
SONG FROM A DRAMA.
know not if moonlight or starlight
Do soft on the land and the aea
catch but the near light, thi far light,
Of eyes that are burning for me ;
no scam oi lue nam, oi me rusot.
May burden the air for thee, sweet
is only me Dream oi my signing
I know, aa 1 lie at thy feel.
o ' a s.a
Their touch may be fervent or cold,
wj wssivsn aaaoor twaw vaaaaa va wiiaviiAi
L , T I . I 11- a . I I 1 .
I care not. with thee in my hold !
lie ieaai may kaj uii, auu mc uiuaiu
Beicatlered in ecstasy round
IT wiuwirci. i ii, c iiitv . i iwtc iiiv .
B a III I a 1 . 1 . a. .1
Hath flooded my soul with iu sound.
think not of time that is flying,
How short is the hour I have won,
nor near in thin ivinir to dvinir.
How the shadow still follows the sun ;
m a a .. .a
Worth a thought, though twere had by a sign
I love thee! I love thee ! JJnnir nigher
Thy spirit, thy kisses, to mine !
E. C. Sledman.in Scribner.
What Constitute 3 Warm Cloth
ing.
The London Sanitary Record has an article
lIlfT ,1-al II ! - I , al. 11 ?
i . " J
rieirer tend to show that flannel and woolen
l ir:, in r hii I iii'i i I i i 1 1 I i 1 1 I I 'i I v I ir
ts .at m .m'-1 .a
Lm. I' . . A A 1 at a I
armer in iu iitnL-niLintr ntiH. i na rpnenn
all. 1 i a a s
ueralure by the heat that leaves our bodies.
t I . . ' ... a a .
e neat our i;armentM. and tiiev pontinna v
the air p:tMutig tiiroutrli the meshes and
i" .i I . .it . a I . a . .
a l.. I I
0 ...... a. .
in uu nan. ii-.nl.- nnr orcsx nnr lomtwrn.
average about 75 to t4 degrees Fahrenheit.
mien ic tK-st Rt iit in bv roiu.li. loose woolen
w aav w
txtures, while garments of silk and linen
miild be avoided. Another correspondent
a
heat from ihelxxlv, and recajmioendsa more
me open air. A fur is ao arranged that the
? -"anwanjjjvi SV nviis VVi a v-va vy w iumvi
nap ....t . l : . . u i
- f" "j-aaaaaj mill iiiu i i aaaa mv aa-awai
'leu nows in, in the aurface by radiation and
.v.'l SIIU tlinil lUUVL'f HUB M C14 MIIV,I(,I
aiT Wlili'li riri'ii 'iliia- uiUi'in I In' nnr PHI-
. -r.- , Ulll IliC liail UI HIV IU. .iiw
the skin as a vanued air. Furred animals
winter, when douched auperficially, givej.a
ry cold seiiMation. It ia onlv near the skin
- iccin Fill iu. j.ii m iKiot iwi,
tc v nw ui uur Biiiiuai iieitv luiucv an lai
I Latlll a ,1,1,. a . T . ... .........1 I . ....a...... ... .
. . r " vi i nc i, an. , 1 ULU vuiwi ,i wvuiu
tile llllinlal ,.f I la. . I . . I- I. It ot.... 1,1
- mm mm wapaapaaM iuiu me air. f.uxs tur-
. n,c ,ur a'uoiH tue ir iruuiu uuiiiib
--.m rw, anu a severer coiu penetrates
Maine lurtlier into tU fur, without ne-
irilw a.. L ' .i t a .. rtni
iciicuinK ine skim oi tne name, i tie
Of the conclusions arrived ut in favor o( fur
"! iu an ao io prove lUm puuiiu-
'nx. and (ieraonntrate beyond doubt that
persons, 0hj or vounir. feeble or strong, who
llaa IL. . i . a
rjk n r... I r, ... r ., i i
i ,, v " "wui
...l r possioie, in inuieweni
tter, clothe tliamselvea in flamitd and the
w.r .M i7"?aa faiaai pip ani wi m
'arable acaaou."
ii iar ni b I.. a. i ,ri .a m
lh.e a'r wtro u. "i"" our surface without abandoned as untenable was not nressed 18 expressed
laving been previously prepared by our dress. in the ar-ument before thU Court.r , use;of diff,
T""1.1"." aaaa-wawe ua.aiiw, uieiu- t. .....Ji mAAUi e MlClUde the
i - ... . ' l J LmC - r . 1 r . mn MKT U'OQ
- - v raaMv wa waa v ukuuvvua aa ajM a v. I t r ' -
The Opinion Of Chief Justice
Pearson In the Case of OlOUd
VS. Wilson.
The following opinion in the case of
Judge Cloud vs. Judge Wilaou, covert "
- - i a i
nrn iflthA pjuAnfJnHM H ard. will I
l e . ... .i - l I
ue uronu or mucn invereai, w uie gen
, ,
PeopU en re. Clot!. Wilson.
1.L D H fltarbuch. at the first elec-
lion after the adontion of the Constitution.
- - - 1 - i
waa elected the Jndre of the 8th Judicial
Ti.rfet . h- AiA unt 1 1., nffl and si
declined to qualify, therefore the Gover-
nor appointed the relator to fill the vacancy-
The question is, was this a vacancy
which the Governor had the power to
fill 7
One of these conclusions
mnst be adop- in
1st On the refusal of Mr. Starbuck to
accept, the General Assembly had power
to order a special election for a Judge of
that District. In the absence of a grant
of this power to the General Assembly
by the Constitutional, this conclusion
must be rejected.
2nd. This is casus omissus in the Con
stitutiou, and that instrument is so defec
tive as to have provided no way to fill the
office, so that the administration of the
law in a judicial district must stop, should
it so happen that the person elected J udge
declines to accept or dies before he quali
fies and takes out his commission. This
conclusion must be rejected.
3rd. We adopt the conclusion that al
thoH-irh Rtarbnrk dodind tn ao.-nt. and
U"M" wiiviuoiuw t,ua I
did not nuahtv and take hia enmm ii on.
commission,
a vacancy did oeeur in the office ; by an
T . y I
unexpecttd event, there was no one to
fill the office ; thus, for all practical pur
poses, the office was vacant, and it can
make no difference whether Mr. Starbuck
declined before, or the moment after he
qualified, or whether he was eligible to
the office for taking it in either of the
three ways, there was the same mischief.
No one to administer the law in that judi
cial district, and to avoid this detriment
to the public welfaro, the power to fill
vacancies is conferred upon the Governor.
2. The act of 1873-'74, chapter 118,
directs an election for jndgc iu the 8th
judicial district on the 1st Thursday in
IIUI.II ' V V. V
. - . .
a 1 J I A .
AHIWI lOfi, 1
which was a regular elec-
. . e
lion any inr
members of Congress,
members of the General Assembly, and
some oiucr state omcers, ana was also a
. I n. a ? a
regular election day for the judges of the
Superior Court belonging to the short
term.
t - i a I a r www i
unuer mis statute .ur wuson was
elected by a vote of the people judge of
the 8i.h judicial district. He qnnlified,
and in spite of the protestation of the re
lator, took possession of the office. The
question is, had the Geueral Assembly
power to order election t This depends
upon the construction ot act 4, sec. 31
"All vacancies occurring in the offices pro-
yided for by this article shall be filled by
the appointment of the Governor, unless
mliartviu nrnvidoi) (nf on1 Um mmihim.
otherwise provided for, and the appointees
shall hold their places until the tiext regu
lar election."
It is settled that the words "otherwise
provided for" mean otherwise nrovided
for bv the constitution. Clark vs. Sunly,
66 N. C, 59 People vs. Bledsoe, 68 N.
C, 457.
The question now is, what is the mean
ing of tho words, "until the next regular
election V Taken by themselves, they
are too indefinite to have any particular
Minlna . mm tiaw .nnnxl el.,,wl .,U., X
luvuuillb a kiiv, vmiiiuv o.auu aivuc. IL
is the province of the eourU to find, by
v w 9
tho rules of construction, other
. . m
words to
support them that is, to fiud
meaning.
a definite
x. it is suggesiea, mo addition ot the
. T - . a 1 ., ii... n
words, "for members of the Geueral As
it its a so a.
sembiy, wouta nx a aenmte meaning
That is true, but What warrant is there
for adding these words ? Wo know of
no rule of construction to justify it ; there
is no association of ideas by which the
election of judicial officers is connected
with the election of members of the Gen
eral Assembly ; there is as much, if not
more, reason for making the sentence
read, "until the next regular election for
Justices of the Peace," that being a judi
cial officer.
It is unnecessary to say more npon this
view of the question. Indeed, after the
consideration of the matter which the ap
pointment of Judge Cloud gave rise to
in connection with the election for mem
hers of the General Assembly in 1S72,
the position has. by general consent, been
. av
meaning. This i-eemi
o have been the construction adopted bv
the General Assembly in the act above
referred to. It is obvious, that the addi
tion of those words so as to make the
sentence read, "until the next regular
election for Judges pf the Superior Courts"
does not meet the whole question ; for,
the section under consideration embraces
all vacancies in the iudieial den in ment.
except those otherwise provided for by
- - -j , r --r
the Constitution, and includt
ludes the Justices
of the Supreme Court, Clerks of the Su
perior Courts and Solicitors, as well as ,
tbe Judges of the Superior CourU ; so,
to make the seutence full, it must be made
to read, until the next regular election for ,
Justice of the Sunreme Court, in reaneet
to vacancies occurring iu the office ot the
Justice or of any one of the Associate Jus-
tiees ; for Clerks of the Superior Courts,
tn respect to vacancies occurring in the
1 . . ! F
office of the Justice or of any one of the
Associate Justict ; for Clerks of the Su
perior Couru, in respect to vacancies
ocarring in the office of a Superior Court
... .
Clerk, and for Solicitors, in respect to
I I
i vacancies occurring iu icsicl iu tu vuuw
of a Solicitor, and for Judges of tbe
Superior Couru in respect to vacancies
occurriug in the office of a Superior Court
a - j
ill fix a aehiute
.TnW"
It would seem this waa the construction
adonted bv tha General AaaemWv in res
P' to Justices of Supreme Court, from
the omission to provide for the election of
i r . l i - r !
T "t?
wo Aaaociate
Justices of the Supreme
he place ot two who now
flnnrt. tnTtakn th
- T . . 77 . . in
uuiu luc oruce unuer lue appointment oi
I . I r n 1 1
tne uoveruor, to mi vacancies.
We think this construction the true one.
respect to Justices of the Supreme
t i r i . - i
oort ,er" P Oopenor UourtS and
Solicitors, because elections are to bo held
one time for all of the Justices of the
Supreme Court, and so as to the Clerks
and Solicitors respectively. But, in re
gard to the election of J udges of the S u
perior Courts, this 1s not the ease. There
is another section ot Article IV which
varies the Question and calls for a chanee
. . - I -
the words, which it is suggested should
oe auaea section : "lue judges ot
the Superior Courts elected at the first
election, under this constitution, shall af.
ter their election, under the superinten-
dance of the Justices of the Supreme
Conrt, be divided by lot into tteo equal
classes, one of which sbsll hold office for
four years and the other for eight years'"
Here is an express provision by which
the Judges of the Superior Courts are di
vided into two equal classes, one class to
be elected every four years. Whether
this provision will effect any important
purpose, it is not for us to say, it is so
ordained : and it it the dutv of the Courts
W 1
to give effect to it, and to see that it is
not departed from or evaded. No con-
struction of the constitution can be sound
which defeats an express provision of that
... - . I
"""" oucu ia me euuci ui uie
tmisuufimu conienaea ior. we nave
- . J t f TXT I
eigm oi me uuages insieaa oi six eiectea
at one time and may have had nine or
ten or the whole twelve according to the
result of accidents.
To preserve these two equal classes
and to have an election for six of the
Judges of the Superior Court, held every
tour yearp, it is necessary to modify the
additional words suggested, so as to make
te sentence read, "until the next regular
election for Judges of the class in which
a vacancy has occurred.
1 his construction, which we adopt in
reference to all judicial officers, may be
expressed by the use of a very short
el'psis, so as to make the section read :
'Tlie opposites shall hold their places nn
a a a .
til tho next regular election for the office
in which a vacancy has occurred.
a a
This conclusion makes everythin
fit
and there is no "jai " or dislocation of any
part of the instrument
lu one case the office which had become
vacant, belongs to the second class, to
vit : that of the Judges to whom was
ta a t it m a
allotted a lull terra : it follows, that the
regular election for the office is not to be
held until 1878. at which time the terms
.1" .1.. T . .1 II .
oi me tillages or uie secona class expires
that the act of the General Assembly, I
under le Constitution, which attempts to
bastcn the time for the election of a Judge
f tue 8tn District, violates the Coustitu,
lion.
It was urged -on the argument, "by this
construction the appointee of the Gover
nor may hold office, as in this instance,
Ior man7 yeare whereas the general poli-
cy lh Constitution is to have frequent
e,cc0"8- It "not ours" to conjecture
the considerations which caused a provis
iou by which the appointee to fill the
office of Judge in case of a vacancy holds
until the next regular election for the
office, or for the want of a provision by
which a vacancy in the office of a Judge
I f . I , - I . . i i .
o 1
OI ine oupe"01 ourt can be ntied by an
i i : c l.. l o flr .
election of the people. Suffice it. there
is no sucb provision. The term of office
for a Judge elected by the people is fixed
at eight years, and there is no provision
for filling a vacancy by an election. As
another ohjectiou to this construction, it was
urged, other parU of the Constitution, to
wit : sec. 30, 34 of the same article IV,
"judicial departments" in providing for
filling vacancies nse the words "for the
unexpired term," and if the words, "until
the next regular election" are to have the
.
same meaning, why were not the same
words used T
The objection is plausible, but the res
ply is : the Constitution cannot be held
up as a model of precision in language,
and the duty of the Court is to declare
the meaning, whether it be expressed in
one set of words or in other equivalent
worus ior illustration, section 3U, "in
case of a vancancy existing forany cause,"
Sec. ; section 34? "when the office shall
become vacant ;" here the same meaning
iu different words, so the
rent equivalent words does not
construction that the same
intended.
But allowing that the change of words
' au objecln to the constitution adopted,
it is weighed down by the fact that anv
other constitution would nullify and put
! at naught the provision by which the
judges of the Superior Courts are divided
j into two classes, and by the further fact
j that should the judge of a district having
at the outset the long term be elected at
I the time that the judges of tbe other class
. 1 .J
wrf e.,r,:fcru HtDl,on
ill arise, does
his class hold
; UHS Juu5e eec'ea out or
ior eigne years, or only tor the unexpired
part of the term If the former, the
classification is entirely destroyed ; if the
ss a. a l a a
latter, tbe classification is restored in
that instance, but is open to other distur-
bances, occurring by vacancies, and we
. I J i . 1 I
. "ve lue "y jaage eieciea oy
tl,e People 1 AH vacancy for four years
or other leM mei whic, in conflict
I ,th the provision that the term of office
.l.atl f., . ...... aaaa T ...... a V. a. U
Duait in cigiih j cui a. x uere ia buis luriu-
er objection ; tbe election of a judge out
of hia class may come on unexpectedly,
SI I i . 1 .1
an ii a junge oui oi me ciass aies or re-
signs, say twenty days before the regular
election for judges of tbe other clsss,
there will be no reasonable time for tnak
lug a selection of candidates, but the elec-
tiou must be made, or the district will
have no judge. The fact that this con-
tingeney is not provided for, shows it was
not the intention to hare ta election by
the people , to fiU a "f
jndgc. This conclusion iaput beyond all
wmn ! i n iu piiiii'mihiiim i aa aaa a aw aa warsnara am i i
aonot, Dy reference to owy para or im
constitution by which provision is made
. w for UW(in f
"
wuou oi omer i
fill vacancies
loiii imnArtinl nfheora
tn occar ore ,han tlnrtydays before a
j i .' 1 t' " V '1
federal election for inen efSOea. If the
. aa a-. faanM w sA i a
r
the vacancy, the appointeaof the Gover
nor is to hold until the next general elec
tion, art 3, see. J 3. No provision of the kind
is made in respect to an election to fill a
vacancy for the office of a fttdge ont of bis
class ; thus we are forced to the eondu-
sien that no election of a judge out of the
cm88 waB couicmpiaieo. we ueeiare our
I . 1 . 1 aa 1 I
opinion to be that the defendant, Thomas
- " " ' " me omce oi
Tge of the 8th Judicial District, and
that the relator, J. M. Cloud, is entitled
to the office.
w ine omce.
There is error. Judgment beloi
versed. Let judgement be entered
re-ac-
cording to this opinion.
Pearson, J.
U1VU .Rights Bill.
The following is the bill as passed,
omitting the preamble :
a . . - w I
That all persons within the jurisdiction
of the United Sutes shall be entitled to
the full and eaual emnvmeiit nf thn ic.
commodations, advantages, facilities and
privileges of inns, public conveyances (on
land or water), theatres and other nieces
of public amusements, suhiecct onlv to
it r ' - -" - I
uie cuuuiuont" ana i i.uiiailonsest-ROIUea DV
I I'll i.i .. - I
law, applicable alike to citizens of every I
race or color, regardless ot any previous
condition of servitude. That anv neraon
who shall violate the foregoing section, by
denying to any citizen except for reasons by I
law applicable to citizens of every race
and color, and regardless of any Dre-
1 a - I
vious condition of servitude, the full en-
joymeut of any of the accommodations, ad-1
vantages, facilities and privileges in said
section enumerated ; or by aiding or
citing such denial, shall, for
every such
offence forfeit and pay the
sum of hve
hundred dollars to the person
thereby, to be recovered in au
aggrieved
action of
debt with the full costs, and
snail also.
i a a s
tor every tuch offence, be deemed guilty
ot a misdemeanor, and. noon conviction
thereof, shall be fined not less than $500
nor more than 51,000, or shall be impris-
oned not lese than thirty days nor more
than one year, provided that all persons
may elect to sue for the penalty afore-
said or to proceed under their rights st
a. i a .
common law and by State statutes, and
Having so elected io proceed iu tne one
mode or the other their light to proceed
in the other jurisdiction shall be barred,
but this proviso shall not apply to crimi
nal proceedings, either under this act or
the criminal law of any State ; and
pro
vided further, that a judgment for
peualty, in favor of the party aggrh
or a judgment upon an indictment,
be a bar to either nrosecution reaneeli
the
eved,
shall
be a bar to cither prosecution respectively.
Sec. 3. That the District and Circuit
Courts
exc
Sta
off.
provisions
nent
may be prosecuted in tho Territorial. Dis-
trict or Circuit Courts of the United
States wherever the defendant may be
found without reerard to the other nartv.
and the District Attorneys, Marshals and
I w-. . . i. r . . . . . r.
Uepu'y fllarsbals ot the United Slates
i j r , . . i
ana orumidsionera appointed Dy the
Circuit and Territorial Courts of the Uni
S
ted States with powers of arresting aud
imprisoning ot bailing offenders against
the laws of the United States are hereby
specially authorised and required to in
stitnte proceedings against every person
who shall viola'e the provisions of this
act, and cause him to be arretted and im-
prisoned or bailed, as the
bo.
for trial before sueh Court
of
the United
States or Territorial Conrt as by law has
. a. a
cognizance of the offense, except in respect
ot the right of action accruing to the per
son aggrieved, aud snch District Attor
neys shall c iuse such proceedings to
be prosecuted to their termination, as iu
other cases : provided that nothing eon
taincd in this section shall be construed
to deny or defeat an) right of civil action
accruing to any person, whether by this
act or otherwise ; and any District Attor
ney who shall wilfully fail to institute and
prosecute the proceedings herein required,
shall for every sueh offense, forfeit and
pay the sum of $500 to the person ag
grieved thereby, to be recovered by any
action of debt, with full costs, aud shall,
on conviction thereof, be deemed guilty of
a misdemeanor, and be fined not less than
81.000. nor more than $5,000: and orovi
ded further, that a judgment for the pen-
alty, in favor of the party aggrieved,
against any sueh District Attorney, or a
judgment upon an indictment against any
uCh District Attorney, shall be a bar to
either prosecution respectively.
Sec. 4. That no citizen possessing all
other qualifications which are, or may be
I nrescribed bv law. shall be disqualified
. . .
(or service as grand or petit juror in any
Court of the United States, or of any
State, ou account of race, color or previ-
W -
I ous coudition of servitude; aud any officer
or other person charged with any duty in
the selection or summoning of jurors, who
shall exclude or tail to summou any cut
sen for the cause aforesaid, shall, on con-
. r a a a . a
viction thereot, be deemed guilty ot a
misdemeanor and be fined not more than
$5,000.
Sec. 5. That all cases arising under the
I provisions ot this act, in the Courts of the
I C . a a . . lit H .L .
i Uuited states, snail oe reviewable oy ine
Supreme Court of the United Sutes
I without regard to the sum n controversy,
I under the same provisions and regulations
I as are now provided by law for the re
! view of other eauses in said Court.
lusively of the Conrt of die several of getting time or "credit." Let me , JTtl.
tes, cofj-nizanee of tho all crimes and illustrate. The average farmer may raise . AT i, ' u:.T- n 1 n ;M
, .... .I , I 1 II' ! a t . . a , I UI IUO U.UklUK ailU VUHLULT VWUIUII,m
mccs asaiust and violations of the meat enough to do him till tho 1st April. I'.. m ni.7 n
ot this act, and actions for the J uiai time ne nas 10 any nui uariug . . Troasnrr. after the adiourn:
lit v eriveii bv the nroceedincr section no casli, though good credit. Ue "goes to I t r.'.
UHE CAUSE OF SOUTHEBI
POVERTT.
First, then, I aaaign aa one of the rea
ooa of our continued poverty and want
progiw me iaet, uu we ao not pro
dace enough of what we eat or -wear, and
uj " uiucu uu creui s. x o present aa
elaborate argument in defiance of this
bo to mnr.h nn r.it
, -. -
position would require a volume. One or
two praet.eal tacts will some to prove my
assertion true, and the answer that
" orr7
aaari in r m a n sA . . . l .
farmer will give when applying the idea
to his own ease will eoroborate these
facts.
" 1859, the South produced over five
million bales of cotton, of four hundred
pounds each, which sold at average of
eleven ceuts per pound, realising less than
Ancn nnn rrr
ov.uuv.uvu.
In 1869, the cotton crop of the South
" cots umu mrce ana a nair miiuous oi
bales, four hundred pounds each, and
old for an average of twenty-two cents
per pound, realising over 1300,000,000.
xne cotton crop ot 1873 reached con-
siaerauiy beyond tour million of bales,
snd sold for less than S275.000.0OO.
And this has been the history of onr crops
annually in the paat ; have we any reason
. .. - i
to anticipate that similar effects will not
!oli,ow lue me course in the future T Then
1W St I I aml& I : . .
" l"c " wiwn poucy, or a large cotton
cr"P aciy icnaea to impovensn ns
- l,u aooe.k ma me came
policy will not have similar effect upon
individuals ?
Un paper it can be easily proven, that
.... I
cotton, as a crop, will pay better than any
i . " V. . - ' I
or au oiner prodoeU. but these figures
. u,"v"au'0 kua" llJ"- "'
wuuwj. mere is do
ikiuul l.kn. af lk. ..... L
Hucf"u" MUt lu"fc luuiTiuuai larmers,
having lands peculiarly adapted to the
Krow of cotton, can net more money
growng coiion ana buying tueir bread-
luum au proTenuer man oy cuiiivaunga i
diversity of crops. But it is an egregious
....Aa... J J a I . a l aW B
error 10 think, that because A, B, or C,
caa d0 80 therefore every Southern far-
mer eaQ pursue the same course, anticipa
mer can pursue tuc same course, aniicipa-
ting the same result.
imuuBu Sl " oi years, regaruiess oi
the price of cotton, ( I reiterate here what
l bave ofteu asserted before in these
pages), on ninety nine out of every hun
dred Southern farms, it is cheaper to grow
oaU for ploogh animals than to haul
a
corn from the nearest depot, because oaU
w,ll follow cotton with no cost but the
3ecd anu harvesting, both of which can
be paid ior every winter in the mutton
that can be fatted on the growing crops ;
it is chcapei to raise all the pork the
farmer's family can consume annually
than to buy bacon at ten cents per pound;
it is cheaper to grow a pound of wool, up
to a certain number of pounds, than the
same number of p muds of cotton ; and
it is cheaper to grow anything that can
possibly lie grown upon the 'arm than to
buy it on a credit.
1; ew farmers understand properly
rhat
j,
ey
is meant by "buying on a credit."
know they :ret the article and pay
but they
t
n of per-
mnm
I for it than if tbey paid the cash,
never once calculate the premium
the store' and buys bacon at 15 cents
Per pound, payable 1st November follow
ing- He learns the cash price is 12 eenu
per pound, but necessity compels 'him to
buy on a credit. He thus pays 2k cenU
per pound for the privilege of baying on
credit, or one-si xtli the price to be paid
which is simply 16$ per cent, per annum
for the use of money. But be buys in
April, and has to pay 1st November, onlv
eight months' credit, snd thus pays twenty-
five per cent, per annum ior the use of
money. What farmer can afford to do
this and lire ? What is applicable to
bacon is equally so to corn, hsy, flour,
implements, mules, and every article the
farmer buys on a credit
It is estimated that the average increase
of the agricultural wealth of the United
States is about four per cent, per annum.
The average increase of agricultural
wealth in any Southern State,
.n....n.
DIUUC tuc WI IMS IIUI UIXU wuv i vtui
i
Indeed, some of the States have travelled
the other road, aud are now lost in tbe
wilderness of debt ; and there is no more
potent caase for this condition of things
than that of buying on a credit the ne
cessaries of life to enable them to grow
cotton, and this, too, very frequently at a
cost that exceeds iu market valuo. I here
is au infatuation about this cultivation of
cotton that amounts to nn hallucination.
Can there be nothing invented to so far
dispel it as to induce the Southern farmer
to live more within himself and less at tbe
mercy of the Shylocks of the land 1
Col. D. WYATT AIKEN, in Kural
Carolinian for February.
While on her way to leap into the river,
a Minneapolis t girl met s mau, who pro-
aa a a a a
posed marriage, and she turned back, and
was hannv. Almoat any day now one
" ....
can count lour or nve mnneapoiist
girls
wauderius along the river bunks.
SocuaTKg. While Athens was gov
erned by tbe 30 tyrants, Socrates, the
philosopher, was summoned to the Senate
House, and ordered to go with some other
c .
persons, whom tbey named, to seme one
Leon, a man of rank and fortune, whom
they determined to pot out of the way,
that they might enjoy bis estate. This
commission Socrates positively refused.
'I will not willingly," said he "assist in
su unjust act.,, Chericles sharply ie
plied, "Dost thou think, Socrates to talk
in this hizh tone and not suffer T" "Far
from it." replied he. "I expect to suffer
thousand ills, bat none so great as to
unjustly."
. ..,,.1.1 , , aicaiuak me i.rcaaury x nuiine oureiu,
ON A WORK
OUT
Ms. R. G. II ill. in an address delivered
before a farmers' Meeting at Morriaville,
Vs., upon Couwold sheep and their value
said :
the Couwold are just the kind to im
prove springy, swsiey pastures. Tbey
will thrive on rank, coarse lead bringing
in the white clover, aad doubling iu value
ia a short liae. It b generally admitted
that sheen are the beat stock that can he
kept for the pasture; but knowing that it
wss generally considered tbst tbey were
equal to cows to keep up the mowing, I
determined to satisfy myself which was
.1. . u . j r .
inenced feedina? the haw nn a amall f.
mjo vest, uu some ten years since com
... . c . -w.
exclusively to sheen. Thi lot waa i
fair condition, yielding about one ton per
acre, net the sueep nave the sUble soread
the manure on Ue craaa. m'tn amp nn-.
half of it each time. The grass continned
to increase until it yielded not less than
ten tons to the acre. Tha mannm from
this yield gave it a heavy dressing. For
a vear or ton th mm ( nn U.
heavy; the rrouud SDoears to be hart with
- - r 1
manure. Last spring I plowed a part of
it to re-seed, and sowed it with wheat. It
grew very rank, but the seed grew ranker,
1 1 .a .
sucn weeds aa grow on very neb ground
Tuu land has been dressed with cl
manure irom .ne siaoie, ana tne grass
has been free from weeds. There haa been
no manure nut on nrevioua to nlnwinc.
- I i - r o
That such weeds should grow on a sward
well turned, shows the eround to be verv
. . -
neh.
i uc ucui.iuu ior tonu mutton is cou
nanny increasing, ana we tnina tne mut
. .!! f I . . .
ion svaaas whi pay tne nest wnen Uny
are kept in small flocks, and riven that
special attention required to produce the
best animals.
T .
ii is wen Known to sheep grasers that
Merinoes do not thrive on low. wet oast-
ores, but prefer high and dry hills, so
those contemplating sheep husbandry
would ao well to take into consideration
the character of their soil, and select sucb
urecus as are dc si aaaptea to it.
Hiding the Villainies of Grant-
Front the Journal of Commerce.
Washington, Feb. 4. Though the
Piesident last year intimated threats of a
veto, it is now understood that be is will
ing to sign the Civil Rights bill, tho en
forcement of which can be so shaped as
to provoke resistance. The reasons
the desire for a war may perhaps be found
in tho faets hidden by the suppression of
the Government cash accounts for years,
and in the corruptions believed to exist
in the Navy Department and other exe
cutive offices. The publication of the ac
counts and an unspairing investigation of
the practices of those departments would
Kit is believed) astound and horrify the
- . -
PUD'C ue ciri' rights straggle may be
partly intended to defeat investigation of
!7 J, . , 7T,
me niy ieparimcui anu oi
Congress, with power
the agreement with the bank note com
paniea and take complete control of the
manufacture of the currency, including
the power of overissue, the existence of
which wss lately indicated.
Burning the Evidences of Grant
ism.
From the Journal of Commerce
Washington, Feb. 1. The Capial
the anti-Administration paper here, con
firms my previous sUtemcnU ss to the
origin of tne Navy Department fires. It
savs the I reasury and nearly all other
records will be burnt or destroyed before
the next Houae can investigate. It also
says when the In tenor Department is
investigated SecreUry Delano will have
to fly the country.
aa a
aa ,1 r m id ,,i ui nil r n, ulluu n i ( , ,
the fires by charging a messenger with
incendiary monomania, and sending him
r w
to the lunatic asylum.
The fifth fire Saturday morning appears
to have broken ont in the document room
of the Engineering Bureau. Money u
broadly stated to have beeu paid in large
smounU from this bureau without author
ity of law, hence the desire for conceal
ment.
Important records are said to have dis
appeared from the Treasury and War
Department also. At tbe close of tbe war
$850,000,000 worth of war material re-
mained on baud. Much of this (it
cbareed) has since been sold, and the
money spent without any appiopriatioo
such expenditures constituting penal of
fences. At the same time mat a call
made for detailed information of a like
kiud from the Navy Department, a cal
was made by Congress fur a detailed se
count oi the sales and expenditures in re
ward to this war material. I ue depart
ment asked au appropriation of about bslf
LONG W00L ! SHEEP
lue iauure
a millon for clerk biro to make up ibTj
accounts ; whereat the partisan majority I
smothered thia investigation too,
Asa f lis
ao a aw
score of economy. An investigation
be
ing now threatened by tbe next
1 a . a . . ma -l aL
House,
the records relating Io the subject are
thought likely to burn or otherwise
vanish.
We never get excited in reading of tho
mysterious disappearance of "a handsome
young lady about eighteen years eld."
They are generally heard from in shout a
a week, asking the old man if
ill tor-
act give and forget, and if tbey
bring
I Charles Iienry home.
on More Tun,
The Treasury of the United
getting ont of money, aad
squeeze in made upon the pockets of ike
people, the Govern stent wffl net We able
us obligations. This
that compound of m
travaganee, and downright sail
wincb is known as Urantiam.
It will net bo easy for the
y exhausted by taxation.
tne additional millions tl
ed ; but the taxes mnst be in
art bales, r nriuasn i in tha exMaditmma
of the Govern meet ts not now to be a.
pected. Instead of euruiling, it is mach
easier far Grant and h is ageo t s to pile oe
new taxes. I bey mnst run the machine
at bight pressure, no matter how hard h
is tor ibe masse of the eountrv to
the money.
If people wish to be relieved from
outrageous and intolerable burden, if
tbey wish to see economy aed moderate
expeneee once more prevailing in the Ad
ministration, they must turn oat Grant
and the corrupt and rascally set of office
holders that be has imposed upon the coun
try. xi z asm.
A Good Diamond Story.
Tho Boston Iranscript tails this gliu
taring story :
"A lady biased all over with diaasonds
at a r tub avenue party last week. On
each shoulder she bad four stars, the sine
of a dollar, made of diamonds. Her hafar
wss thickly set with diamonds ; there was
a diamond bandeau on bcr brow ; sb bad
diamond ear-rings, and a diamond neck
lace. Upon the sides of her cheat were
two circles of diamonds, from which de
pended lines and curves of diamonds
reaching to her waist, upon which she
wore a dianr ood girdle. On bar skirt, ie
front, were largo peacocks wrought ia
lines of diamonds, rbcre were rosettes
of diamonds on her slippers, and diamonds
large and amall, all over her dree and
person, wherever they could be placed.
This lady's grandfather was a eartman,
her father a pawn broker, aad bar hus
band well, be lives upon tha father.
Bat it doesn't matter. Tha old gentle
man is worth his millions, and still fol
lows his business, and adds to his store.
He is never present at those parties,
though.
When to Out Timber.
An Arkansas
correspondent of tho
i says : "I ansae hove
Scientific American says : "I
30 jeara since, and began eUariag
lic robkarw
pampas, ali
to Amine
i now w tal
and building bouses with hewn logs and , i
boards split from tbe trees. Alter several
a n w . a a. a. t
years residence i noticed mat very often
pieces of the same kind of timber decayed
more quickly than other; aad after
thought and observation I came to
conclusion that Umber felled wbn
oaf first commenced to grow rotted
sap off very quickly, baa the
lined sound ; that Umber
the fall of tbe leaf rotted in
even when apparently sound on tbe
side. When firewood cut ia tl
was pat on tbe fire tha asp some 4et sjf
the heart, bat whan cat tn tho summer
tbe sap came ont of the asp wood, aad
next the bark. I notice also that all saw
lasting wood baa bat little sap at amy
time in tbe heart such as cedar,
a
ry, sassafras, ana ey press. A
post cut in the summer of 1838
still
sound, although exposed to all w
bile one of the same kind of Umber, eat
a W W w
io tbe winter of 1856, aad painted, bee
rotted in the heart. I saw yesterday a
piece of gam plank, which I sawed hi
the summer of 1856, that has lain ever
since, and ia perfectly sound ; while oak
timber that waa felled in the winter 'be
fore is now entirely mtten. My
siou then is : Cut limber after full
a t i aa . . .1
say in July sua August, to g t we
last from it. Tba sap roes into the
of the tree after loaf-fall aad
decay.
Thk Stout or x Lira One of the
repiesentalive men of St Louis was Thee.
Pratt, who was president of a gas compa
ny, a member and bus porter of a
Church, and always foresaoet ii
movemenU. He bad lived in that city
thirty years, aud bsd s wife snd children
who were leaders in society. A beast a
month ago he was killed by ne sx plosion
in the gas works which he managed, aad
the general regret found expression ie the
usual way. His fortune reaebei half a
million dollar, and tbe squabble for il
revealed astoaodinr ttuogr. The
citisen was a bitramist. In 1821 he
ried in England, and by his first wife had
several children. After tee years st ap
patently happy wedded life be deserted his
family and came to New York, where ie
1835 he married again. His crime was
exposed three years after ward, and again
ho ran away, ibis Ume going to St. Louis,
where be acquired character and
He sent raouey to his fsmily in
and took bis family to live with
Several years ago be eoufeased his history
a mm as a a a
to some of the omcers oi nis c boxen, ana
tbey, deeming the evil of a religious
scandal should bo averted anyhow, advis
ed him to keep hie secret chase. The as
a I
posuro now comes through the eeorU al
the first wits aad children to get at the
estate, which they probably will do, m
tbe secoud marriage was void in law.
8 pain's aoelaoiast'ioal eeaaoal is a
ing una. Bishop Causal of Urjad, Is
with assassinating a priest, catling
aud barrios tha atSMCla nnaora ia a
of the Episcopal raeidenea. Tha
also charged with many actt uf S
of iha IWiirr oraler. bat aa ho
away to the army f Duo Carlos, the
ities cannot get at him very wail.
loaf,
khs ep
oasis
Biabup U
i 1
i