1 - - - - I ;- - ! ' 1 .. . ... hj!i V0, VIII. THIRD SERIES ; SALISBURY, U. C, OCTOBER, 4, 1877. KO 50 f . I1 - j - J Fiora tie New York Observer. -MY TRAMP. KY MHS. S. 8. ROBBIXS. lifting, one rooming, oh the broad piaz za of our summer home, with Haroerton'a .AYendeiholme"' in roy hand, I was inter rupted bv hearing the gate open and, in a minute, steps on the walk. -Now nothing be more utterly unassuming than this mx(t home. The house is one story and . i.nlf thft naint has seen fresher days, a nun) - i and generally there .,, Kouils. we ai is an air of absentee- ' f l 111 are out or me vuia, and consequently removed-, from chance visitors. When the -gate rattled on its jli"a trick-it well understood I al ways knew some friend was on his way or tiemarketmerr were round on their daily calls ; but this step, on this morning, had a peculiarity which said to me, Tramp lieforf, betweeiuthe low-lying branches of the avenue of Norway spruces, I saw the voting man coming toward me. lie was slHit, graceful in his movements, rather will-dressed, and lifted his hat with alto gether a gentlemanly air as he; saw me. Everybody has a iimiu srreai. .nine lav in the fear of tramps, tor, as I have said, our house is-quite out of the village, and long French windows, shabbily fast ened, oiler easy ingress at any hour of dav or night, doors there are, too, every- .bere, with and without bolts, as it may happen. Very much at the mercy weare of every lawless intruder. But this young man, tramp though, he undeniably was, had a clear, gray eye, which met mine fully as I looked up from my book, and a .smile, with a kind of pathos tliat had air most a hungry pleading as I waited for LU request. lie stopped at a short dis tance from me and began nervously to break off small twigs froni the tree by which he stood, neither of us speaking. At length I asked : ' "Do you wish anything?" 'I'm not used Jo begging, ma'am," he broke out, in a low, musical voice, "but I have had a long walk, and I am almost starved. If you wonld give ine some breakfast, and let me work to pay for it afterwards, I should bo very much oblig ed to you." A fterirurd! If he had only said before, he should have had a hearty breakfast, and all tlie ghosts of political economy that haunted my brain would have been laid n the instant; but afterward there it was, in the true, lazy, good-for-nothing tninip style. I pamper to idle begging ! Xot if I knew myself. "If a man will not . work, neither shall he eat," was a part of ray 'Bible in which I rigidly believed. So I said, turning the leaves of my book a little impatiently : "You are too young and too healthy to he a beggar. Your look to me as if you were made far-better things." Not a word spoke he- in answer ; he just turned on his heel, and was slowly leav ing the yard when my heart a miserable, weak heart, that is always at war with my rinciples-rga've a great tug, and I called after him; : VCome back ! You shall have your breakfast. I only wish you had proposed to earn it before you ate it." Ifc did not turn, and I called again, in a softer tone : "I should be sorry to turn even a dog away hungry. Conic back ! I will tell my cook to give you a bite." He stopped, came back a step or two, and said : t"But I am not ailoar. I am poor, can t get work, and am out in search of it. I haven't a cent, and I don't want what I can't earn. I would have offered to earn my food first, but I am weak and faint for want of it." "Come back-! come back !" I said, now, more cordially than I would havewelcom- ed the Prince of Wales. "Sit down on the piazza ; it is coot-herc ; and Bridget ..shall 'bring your breakfast ou t," The tone drew him ; he sat down on a corner of the piazza at the greatest dis tance from my chair, and I left him there while I put my head inside my kitchen --door to-astonish my cook, to whom my order for the summer had been perempto ry "No food, under any- circumstances, for tramps with, "Get as nice a break fast as you can, Bridget, out of what you have cooked, and bring it at once to the -piazza the man's faint." "Mann !'' said Bridget staring-at me. "Breakfast as quick as you can, on the piazza, for one. Anything, Bridget, only so it don't take you lonj to xet it. Hurry!, will you! -seeing her, put her hands on her hips, a position the meaning of which I only too well understood ; so I shut the door and went back to my tramp. 'Apparently he had not' moved, yet I must own, as I saw him, I noticed that the seat he had chosen was directly in fro n tf a window that opened to a view of the whole inside of the house. I was ashamed of myself to find I thought instantly of j my bureau, that stood in . full sight, and ' iy watch, with a jewel box, that I knew j I had left on its "top ; but this suspicion ! was only a stirring of the timid ghost and Dot to be wondered at. Bridget, I need hardly say to any ex perienced housekeeper, did not hurry, andr while we waited, I fell into a chat ith the young man. He said he came worn "down South :" had walk-oil nn tfin Pther side of the Lake, hoping, anion" the J'H'mers there, ho should find a job, but so many had been before him, with the same expectations, he had with dificulty done enough to earn his food j he hadn't slept in a bed for three weeks, and, take the wear and tear of his clothes and the loss of his strength, he was going home even poorer than he left. There was some thing about him so different from any oth er tramp I liad ever seen, that all my sound theories went where a woman's the ories are apt to go, I say it with shame and confusion of face, but I must tell the truth at whatever cost, and I began to feel, interested in him. ' Now, I said, if he don't try the mother dodge, I really shall feel like helping him j at least, I will ask my husband to let him do any odd chores he may have about -the place ; but if he begins to talk to me about his mother, I shall expect the next thing will be a re quest for money, that ' will never do. But he didn't. I found him intelligent, quite up in matters of daily public inter est, and inclined to bring them forward. Now and then I detected his eyes wander ing toward thedoor through which he ex pected his breakfast to be brought; but otherwise, no impatience until the well fill ed salver in Bridget's relHetant arms made its appearance. The salver was Avell fill ed; Bridget could take a license as well as any cook, but she knew me well enougu tot know when it would be best not to venture, and acted accordingly. I have seen wild beasts fvd, but it seemed to me, as I stole a glance now and then at my tramp, that I had never known what eating ravenously meant before; he seemed literally to have been starved. "Poor fellow ! poor fellow !" I kept re- pearing to myself. I dare say, from our prejudice against this class, we do them often a grievous injustice. Just suppose. now, I had turned a hungry man a hun gry man as thataway unted, how sadly I should have regretted it by-aud-by, in that other world, where even. "our tramp mistakes will rise upngainst us. "Because ye have not fed the hungry , therefore ye are none of mine." Well, this one, at least, was getting a good, hearty meal, and then there would be the work yes, of course, the work in payment. That I should insist upon; my political economy demanded it as only just. There was a salver of empty dishes very soon, and the young man got up and shook himself, as I have seen a big New foundland dog lo after a hearty meal; somehow his expression seemed to have changed, the pathos had all died out; I was not so well pleased with it, and my determination to enforce the work rapid ly strengthened. "Now," I said, "I will find something for you to do. Come with me." "Yes, ma'am," just lifting his hat. At the back of pur house was a large woodpile waiting to be packed neatly away in the adjacent woodhouse. "TJn?re," I suggested, pointing to the wood and its shelter, "do what yoa think your breakfast has been worth to you, and then come to me." My plan had been to try his honesty in the way of payment, and then hire him at rather an unusual rate of wages to finish tbejob.-. Becoming again absorbed in "Wender holme," I quite forgot my tramp- until I suddenly wakened to a consciousness that the regular sound of piling wood had ceas ed for some time; evidently the man's meal had been paid for, but what had be come of him ? With a slight misgiving, I made my way, with as little delay as pos sible, to the woodpile. No one was there; a few sticks had been thrown, in a sloven ly way, inside the woodhouse door, and that was all. As I stood looking in, I hoard a snicker (it's the only word that will describe the sound) and I knew Brid get was somewhere, watching me. It was insult added to my injury. I have only a few words to add by way of moral reflections : Never allow your heart to get the better of your head! Believe in political econo my! in your Bible! in your ."firmly-established prejudices! Lay no ghost! Pre serve intact your natural timidities ! re cognize them as your guardian angels! and, above all, beware of tramps ! That night I went as usual, to wind up my watch, but I didn't do it. Alwaays orderly, I sought to put my jewelry away in its pretty case, but P didn't do it. Aud yet my tramp had not spoken of his mother. Tlie United Presbyterian An an article entitled "Picnic Relisrion" speaking of camp-meetings and other arrangements for summer services savs: "All these plans of religious ruralizing are of doubt iul credit to our Christianity, in some spects they are injurious. They subject the church to the charge of seeing sensual ; pleasure under, the guise of piety: and more than this there is, in many instances a shrewd financial operation in the con 1 venticle surroundinjrs. A man wishes to make money piously, and invites his fel low-believers to eome together to work and worship, the main chance all the while overshadowing in his thought the devo tion he ,is professing. Among current scandals none are so scandalous as these wordly policies, coated with a thin varn isb." I TIie Concord Register tells of a quilt be longing to Miss Maggie Wmecoff, of Rowan county, which contains 9,209 pieces LETTER FROM SPAIN. BY HENRY DAT, ESQ. LA MANCIIA. Many a lover of D:x Quixote, or Don Quijote, as! the Spaniards call him, would go to Spain for the sake of viewing the scenes where the famous knight and his doughty squire gained immortal renown. On our wa from Toledo to Grenada we pass through the province of La Muucha, which alone the genius of Cervantes could have made; famous. It is a treeless coun try, its soits impregnated with salt, with a few squalid villages, with a race of poor but industrious people, of whom Sancho Panza is a good specimen. At Menzeuares we are in the centre and in the capitol of the province of La Mancha. Here we are within a few miles of the little inn, Venta de Quesada, where Don Quijote was knighted, and occasionally we pass one of those wind-mills or a flock of sheep which furnished an opportunity for the display of his martial prowess. The peasants of Spain have the most implicit belief in the existence of this re nowned knight. He is a reality to them. His marvelous adventure, and those of the Cid, are the great fund of song and story at the village inns of Spain. About fifty miles further on we reach the station of Baeza. Here there are mines of lead aud copper worked, and worked in the same manner as they were under the Ro-A mans two hundred years ago. Here Scipio the youuger fought a great battle with Asdrubal, about 200 b. c. Here you may see the ruins of the palace of Himilee, the wife of Hannibal? But the crowning honor of this place is that it is the birth place of St. Ursula, who so heroically end ed her life at Cologne with her 11,000 vir gins, whose bones we have many of us seen there. Itris generally bad taste to spoil a good story, but I must be allowed the explanation of this legend, which is that it arose from a mistaken reading of an old manuscript which was "Ursula et XI. M. V.," meaning eleven martyred virgins. From Toledo to Grenada our way runs nearly south, crossing the headwaters of the Gaudiana and the Gamlalquiver. We strike the latter at Menjibar, from whence it flows southwesterly to the Atlantic,. passing in its course Crodova and Seville, two of the most beautiful cities in Spain. It is not the beautiful, clear, poetic river, sometimes described in song. In winter and spring it is swollen aud turbid, cnt tiug away its banks and overflowing them. In summer it dwindles to a shal low stream, winding through wide, tree less meadows. GX THE DILIGENCE. At Menjibar we leave the railroad, which is very circuitous in its route to Grenada, for the diligence. If we wish toee real Spanish life, customs, dress aud the people as they live we must take the diligence through the small villages, stopping at the posadas and ventas, as the village inns are called. On a fine uay, with a oeautmil mountain scenery, mounted on the driver's seat, with six horses or mules, each having bells, the diligence is the very poetry of travelling. One postillion rides one of the leaders from eight in the morning till eleven o'clock at night, eighty miles without a rest. It is said that these postillions, be fore the days of railroads, rode from Mad rid to Grenada, a journey of two hundred miles, in two days and a night. We had another attendaut who seemed to be a conductor, and went the whole journey. Another, called the Mayoral, drove the team, -having reins only lor the wheel horses. He would drive only from one station, where horses were changed, to another, and always came with and left Lis tfiamJ and had the entire chanre of them in the stables aud on the road. He carried with him a bag of stones, which he would, throw with great skill at the leaders which his whip would not reach. The driver talked and shouted to the horses all, the way, and at a certain sound at the toot of a hill they would break into a run About every eight miles, the dri ver, with his horses, would leave, and a new driver and a fresh team would take their places. The postillion carried a horn sluujg around his neck, with which hp heralded our approach to every vil - - - & lage, j Leavinjg Menjibar, we wind onr way for a short distance along the banks of Gandalqijiver, which we soon cross on an iron bridge, and make our way up out of the valley on to the high, treeless plains, which are bare and muddy in winter and hot and parched in summer. I THE SPANISH TOLICE. For fifteen miles we see not a tree, not a fence, not a field of grass, scarcely a house or ja person, except the guards who patrol the roads. These guards civiles are stationed on most of the travelled routes of Spain, for protection against ban ditti. They are sometimes mounted and always well armed, dressed in military uniform,! with cocked hat. They are found at every railway station, in every village, and at regular distances upon all the roads. They are fihe-leoking men of good character. We found them miles away from any dwelling, two together, patrolling the roads over which we pass ed, always armed with a musket. They have rendered travelling safe in all parts of Spain. SIGHTS AND SMELLS. A ride of fifteen miles over plains which have every appearance of barrenness, gradually rising, brings us to the ancient city of Jaen, which is beautifully situated among the hills. It is the key to Grenada; from the north, mountains rise around it in every direction. It has a cathedral and a number of fine churches and some famous relics. As we have no partiality for old bones, teeth, finger nails, locks of hair, or old rags, we spend no time upon them. Here we made, our first trial at a venta, or country in n. As we were to travel till eleven o'clock at night with out anything to eat, my guide brought me a most delicious morsel of veal, fried in vinegar and, garlic, whicji, with bread, was all the venta afforded. We were contented with oranges and bread for our day's provision. Our fellow-travellers here provided themselves for the day bread, sausages seasoned with garlic aud fried in garlic. During a shower we were obliged to ride in the coupe, shut up with two of them. Every few minutes they would partake of the sausage and politely offer me some. After indulging in this food for some time they became thoroughly impregnated with odor. They breathed garlic from within ; their pockets emitted garlic from without. Garlic was every where. The air was filled with it ; and such, garlic who can describe? Shut up in close coupe with these two bodies, the odor was terrific, and sea sickness is a comfort to what I felt. I was obliged to open the window, put my head out and pretend to look at the beautiful scenery. At Jena we are about fifty miles from Grenada. , Our road lies through winding valleys, along which mountain torrents rush in winter and the beds of which are often usel as roads in summer. We as cend gradually through pass after pass, where, hand to hand, the Moors aud the Christians fought every inch four centur ies ago. We are now among the Sierra Susanna, which bound the Vega of Grena da on th north. Their lofty snow-capped heights look down into one of the most fruitful aud lovely valleys under the sun. THE Al'l'KOACH TO GHEXADA. As we emerged from this mountain val ley and descend into the Vega, a new world bursts upon us. The flow of the waters, diverted from the mountain streams for irrigation, is everywhere heard like music. You exchange sterility for verdure of living green ; the orange, lem on and fig-trees everwhere abound, filled with bloom or fruit ; the air is fragrant with flowers; beautiful villas setting back j from tlie road, surrouuded by gardens, be- frill ir appear. Through this wealth of living verdure, the road, broad and lined with trees, makes its way up to Grenada, like the approach to the city of a great king. The night is upon us before we reach the gates of the city. Two old Moorish towers frown upon us from above the gates as we enter through the massive walls. We wind our way through the narrow and dimly-lighted streets, until we reach the eastern side of the city, aud ascend through a grand avenue of trees to the height of the Alhambra to the Hotel Washington Irving, which is just without the walls of the ancient fortress. BLUNT BUT TRUE. There is said to be a young man in the Missouri penitentiary whose parents at their death, left him a fortune of $50,000. There is where his parents made a fatal mistake. If they had taken the precau tion to invest that sum in a small dog, and shot him, and then had simply left the young man a jackplane or a wood saw with printed instructions how to use it, the chances are that, instead of being in the penitentiary, he would,- to-day have been gradually but surely work ing his way up to handsome competency, honorable old age. But ever since the days of Adam and Eve, parents have made it a point to toil and struggle all their lives in order to realize a sufficient sum of money to purchase, when they are dead and gone, their sons each a first class through ticket to the devil, aud it is not much to be wondered at that so many of their sons, reared in vice and idleness, as too many of them often are, have no high er ambition than to invest their inheri tance in jost that sort of transportation. "GONE." How significant this solitary word upon a tombstone ! Like a bird of passage, the little stranger had lighted upon this planet, had tarried for a brief day, and then had flown forever. And this is with respect to us all. Soon shall we all be gone, and the places that have known us will know us no more forever. And where 6hall we be ? Whither shall we have fled ? We shall still exist. We shall continue in being somewhere. And where ? Whether or not in some blest abode will depend on our improvement of the passing hour. "Behold, now is the accepted time : behold now is the day of salvation!" H. s. Mt. Gilead, Montgomery county, gave $62.50 to the Orphan Asylum. EFFECT OF MUSIC ON ANIMALS. TRANSLATED FROM THE FREXCn, FOR THE N. V. OBSERVER, BY RUTH POOL. Music has different effects upon differ ent men, and those effects depend much upon the impression received and the habits formed in childhood. A harmony which would entrance a cultivated ear would leave a savage unmoved. It is not, then, surprising that music acts vari ously upon the different kinds of animals. The sound of instruments impresses them and often very keenly. Wind instru ments, for example, have a singularly ex citing effect on dogs. To these they sel dom become accustomed; the first sound which strikes them call forth frightful howls. Herdsmen and shepherds, in some countries, calls their flocks with a long horn, and, notwithstanding the dog hears from it every day the same air, it draws from him each time cries of distress. There is, however, an instance of a dog sufficeutly fond of harmony to allow his master to give him a certain degree of musical education. This animal belong ed to a German composer of a name very few tongues can pronounce, but I will venture to write it. It was Schneitzhoeffer. Well ! the man of this astonishing name succeeded in teaching resual la to a dog. The animal retained the lesson, and al ways after, at the command of his master, would raise correctly the note. The liorseiinlike the dog, takes pleas ure in music; at the sound of it he raises his ear; he is animated by a martial air; at a slow movement he slackens his pace. In the days when regiments of cavalry had their own bands of music, the per formers, when upon the march, were seen playing quietly their parts, giving little heed to the animals they rode, who ad vanced in perfect order, and without mak ing the least mistake. The regiment horse learned to under stand perfectly the different calls of the trumpet. Many have heard the anecdote of the countryman who had bought an ! old horse of a retired soldier. One morn ing he entered a towu as a regiment of cavalry was passing. Suddenly the trum pets sounded, when the horse instantly started, joined the troops, placed himself in the ranks, and followed, in spite of the cries and efforts of its owner. The ass and the ox experience equal pleasure in listening to melody. The ox advances his head as a sign of satisfaction; the ass raises his ears and shows unmistakable evidence of enjoyment. Mice are also among the quadruped lovers of music. The birds are melomaniaes; artists them selves, it is not strange that they love music, it is easy to teach tunes to some ot them. By hearing them played on a bird- . - J A organ, they rememoer anurepeat tnem. All birds, however, do not have that taste. Among those that are distressed by music may be reckoned hens. The sound of a violin causes them to fly away with cries of fear. If shut up in a place where mu sic is made, their demonstrations of terror are most comical and curious. Reptiles and insects appreciate the. charms of music. If one wliistles before a lizard that is running away, it suddenly stops, and, if the air is agreeble, it listens with evident pleasure. When an Ameri can Indian has the ability to whistle pleas antlv. he can approach the iguana aud capture this gigantic lizard, whose flesh is said to be good for food. Liie all other lizards, -the iguana listens to music with such attention that he forgets to care for his own safety and allows himself to be taken. The charmers of serpents, by means of certain melodies, slow and cap tivating, can control perfectly these ter rible creatures. They call them, direct their movements, allow them to surround their limbs with their powerful coils, without the least danger; the serpent is completely subjugated. Who would believe that music could affect the spider T Nothing, however, is more true. A captain of a regiment had displeased the Minister of Louis XIV, and was imprisoned in the Bastile. He obtained permission to take with him his lute, which he played with much skill. After a few days, the prisoner was aston ished to see mice come out from their tioles and spiders descend from their webs, and surrouud him to listen to him. His surprise was so great the first time that he stopped playing, when his singular au dience retired. When he began again, ! spiders aud mice returned. They at last became so numerous, that he was con vinced they informed their friends in the neighborhood, and, in order to indulge in his diversion, he was obliged to have li cat in his prison. Still some mice, too music-mad, would not be stopped by that, and became victims of their love for lyric art. This fact is not a solitary one. Leclere, a celebrated violinist of the time of Louis XIV, who was assassinated in the street by a young man, his rival, passed several months in prison, for what reason is un known. A warrant of arrest was suf ficient in those days to send a man to the Bastile, where he was sometimes forgot ten for years. Leclere had permission to take with him to prison his violin. One day, as he was playing the sonata in C. minor of Carelli, he observed a spider which had come out of its hiding place and rested motionless on the edge of its web. The sonata finished, it returned to its retreat. Leclere executed several other pieces, but the insect was insensible to these and did not appear until the aftist played the sonata, and never failed to come whenever it heard this. Even the sound of the human voice suffices to charm the spider. The story of Pelisson and his spider is well known. Pellsson, in his prison, sung religious hymns? his voice attracted a spider which he trained to such a degree that it came invariably at his call. It is generally believed that the cat is insensible to the charms of music. Some facts, however, Beem to contradict this opinion. Every one has had occasion to see a kitten amuse itself by walking over the key-board of an open piano. The animal has an astonished look and seems to ask herself what it menus. Is it the sound of the instrument that surprises her, or the movement of the keys which yields beneath her steps f It is uncertain? A promenade of this kind gave occasion to a German composer, well known among musicians, Jean Fuchs, to compose a Fuge, which still bears the title of "the Fuge of the Cat." This cat of Fuchs', in runniug over the board, touched notes that formed a musical clause, which the composer seized, and which he had the skill to expaud into a complete and very remarkable piece. An artist friend of mine had a cat which appeared very fond of music. Often when he plaeed himself at the piano, the animal came, jumped upon the stool and thence to the shoulder of the pianist, which he did not quit so long as the former made the chords of the instrument resound be neath his fingers. The fishes, can they preceive sounds, and does music affect them ? Here isa question which I would not dare answer too postivelyy I"will cite but one fact, to which I have, often been witness. I do not know whether it is general; but the experiment-can be so easily made that many -may give themselves the pleasure of verifying it. My friend, of whom 1 have just spoken, had not only a cat, but also a globe containing a little gold fish. This globe was one day accidentally plac ed upon tlie piano. My friend, having seated himself to play, observed that the fish had rested motionless from his first chords, and it remained thus to the end of the piece, after which it began to swim as before, to stop again when the sounds were reuewed. It cannot,' however, be proved that the fish was affected hy the harmony. Perhaps the vibration of the ; instrument may have frightened it and rendered it motionless. Among the great flesh-eaters, the lion, bear and wolf particularly seem to fear ' music. In a travelling menagerie was a huge lion. The effect of the high notes of a piano placed near him w"as toexeite great wonder; but scarcely were the low notes touched when he rose suddenly, eyes darted flames, be struggled to break his chains, lashed himself with liis tail, and seemed inspired with such fury that the women present at the spectacle were overwhelmed with fright. His roaring was terrible. But as soon as the music ceased he became almost immediately calm. As to the wolf, the sound of the hunt er's horn is to him singularly disagreea ble. One can easilv put him to flight by ringing loudly a bell, or playing the vio lin, and still more easily the douile bass. The bear also has this decided autipathy to stringed instruments. This is a fact established long ago, as is proved by the following anecdote of no recent date. A Polish fiddler returning from a fair where he had performed his part at a ball, was passing through a forest. Toward mid night, being tired, he sat down under a tree, laid his violoncello upon the ground and began to eat some provisions' which he took from his bag. The odor of the eatables attracted two bears, who, to the great alarm of the poor fiddler, came and stood before him in the attitude of solici tation far too plain. The fiddler began to throw morsels of bread and meat. The two companions enjoyed the play, but unfortunately the food in a few min utes had all disappeared, and the bears, after having absorbed the dinner, were guests who would, over and above, eat their host. In his terror the unhappy fiddler mechanically took up his instru ment aud began to play. At the first sounds the bears flew away as fast as pos sible. The fiddler breathed. "A pleas ant journey to you, my lively fellows," said he; "if I had known how fond j'ou are of music, I should surely have given vou the concert before the dinner." Mrs. Sherman ox Round Dancing. Mrsv-Sherman, the General's wife, has written a letter in which she expresses her self freely about round dancing. She says her soul revolts agaiust it, that very soon women of self-respect will blush at.it, and that public opinion will eventually drive it out of society. She adds : "The ad vocates of this dance have had their own way long enough absorbing all enter tainments sneering upon and ridiculing those who quietly decline to participate openly and constantly insinuating of those who decline it that they are therefore evil-minded, &c, or quoting impudently and insinuatingly their only weapon . 'Iloni soitqui nial y pense,' and then throw ing themselves in men's arms to prove their own purity of miud." THE FAMINE IN INDIA. Well-informed persons in Madras, where the famine has been most prevalent, esti mate the nnniber of deaths directly or in directly by starvation at half a million, and the opinion is expressed that it will amount within the next three months to at least ten times that number, or five millions of the people of the country. In regard to this fearful state of things the London Times of the 31st says; "We may shrinkJVom so ghastly a cal culation, and it may be hoped we shall be able to avert some of this destruction of life ; but if we take into account the indi rect as well as the direct influence of the Famine, even this estimate may be none too high. Our correspondent reminds us most truly that behind and besides the actnal-deaths from starvation comes a vast number from itsafter effects from, the disease, the constitutional feebleness, the undermining of the whole strength of the population which such a Famine en tails. To what a pitch tlie misery has reached may be guessed from a letter we published on Friday. One ofthe mem bers of the Mysore Revenue Survey stat ed that in Bangalore there was a regular service organized, in addition to the Po lice, to keep the streets clear of the dead and dying. Outside thamunicipal limits, dead bodies, he says, are lying m all di rections ; 'the lower castes are cooking and eating the bodies. Two days ago, when riding past the Husaar stables, I saw a-crowd of wretched women and children routing in the dung-heap, and picking out the undigested grains of corn to eat.' The people who are reduced to these miserable expedients are, as anoth er correspondent describes them, . ordi narily apathetic in tlie presence of death ; bujt.it seem to come upon them now in too portentous and cruel a form for even their powers of endurance. There are horrible and miserable scenes enough in the world, no doubt; but question whether anything so terrible, could be witnessed at this mo ment as this speetaclw of the population of half a continent thus perishing in the agonies of starvation." Notwithstanding so many thousands are perishing daily, the Viceroy has interposed to re p ress publ i c ch a ri ty a n d ad v i scs agai net holding public meetings for the purpose of collecting subscriptions. He is said to have stated that the Supreme Govern ment is determined to avert death by famine so far.as the resources of the whole Empire would enable it to jlo so. The importation of grain Will be left to private trade, but tlie Government will reinforce the railways and arrange for other, means of transportation. It will give subsistence and relief wages graduated according to the prevailing prices, and it hopes to con struct great and permanent works by means of relief laborr- It will buy grain locally and give gratuitous support in various forms to the helpless poor; but.it deprecates -appeals to private charity as having a tendency to interfere with pub lic organization and to increase the panic. The wisdom of this action on the part of tlie Viceroy has been called in question, but botli the home" and the Indian gov ernment naturally feel a deep responsi bility toward this conquered province.. L President Clark, of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, has been spending a year in Japan, superintending the estab lishment of a Government institution in that country similar to the one over which he presides. In a recent address at Am herst he made an interesting statement of his impressions of the people. He nev er saw a quarrel in Japan, and never saw nor heard of a Japanese student in Ameri ca or Japan accused of immorality. He selected from a thousand young men the students for the college there, and never knew one of them that would willingly offend his teachers. He spoke of the Japanese as well disposed toward Chris tianity and as ready w hen, convinced of its truth, to make, a bold confession. They have great capacity for usefulness in the conversion of the world, and are the men of all others to be missionaries in China, He gave an account of the theological school founded by Joseph Nee Smia, yhicb; has upwards of" (JO students . who are Christian young men studying to be mis sionaries among their countrymen, a large number of them already preaching every Sundav. After Nee Sima had started his school with the consent of the Govern- linent, complaint was. made that he was teaching the Bible, and the ministers of the Government told him he must stop; he might have a theological school, but he must not teach. the-Bible in the school. So Nee Sima bought a house, across the street, and the students go to his private house to study the Bible andstidy the science at the school building, their th logical school going on just the s-... as before. Self government is good, if those who exercise it know'how to practice it. - It is supreme folly to expect any number of persons to govern each other if they have never learned to govern themselves. Put ting a mau in a state house, to make laws before he has been placed in a school house to learn how to study, and before he knows the science ofgovernment, is as much foolishness, as it would be to per mit a man to navigate a vessel, who knows nothing about navigation. The right of universal suffrage is based on the duty of universal "education. . Dishonest and uneducated persons should never be permitted Jo make our laws. Teacher's Monthly. The Pennsylvania oil wells are estima ted to have yielded 83,000,000 barrels worth $300,000,000 on the spot. i , r ! I i ' M ' ' f: i " ! It 1 i: V - !' I 3 t iS J; V I i.t I m - 1 1 i t f' t - V- ! " in t ! 1

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