i
VOL X,-rTHIRD SERIES
SALISBURY. IT. C, JAIIUARY; 16, 1879.
HO 13
rlor the Watchman.
'Myflowwet bti'jried 'neath the snow,
Kfce-bound streamlets fettered flow,
T je bird fxiledto .fairer chines,
1 L torino reptiles earthly bier,
2E klnmb'ring wild-beast' rocky lair,
iflivenetfr known a wintry el am w
H.;irsni w. 0-
" I MB M -US 7
to speak, but could; not find wordsU finger and thumb of the left hand
The boy -frothed at the month and grasped her own throat, ready to ex-
!
re lies dead,
JwcepW eye and aching head, :
Width Brk the printer of oar grief,
1e er Knew u wu i'""v i
Vere neVr so cold And desolate, :
crushed beueath the heel of fate,.
Tlitt Mercy's angel hath not said:
iK:sorSowing one, lift up. thy head.
ill k ; '-'-'': .V . : !."'! L - '- -' - .1 '
frri .'aSU in lSnanish dungeons low, j
Or perish neath tlie Alpine snow, ?
iW fall out Linden's field of bhod, '
Or siuk M Erie's crimsoued flood,
Or burn at Smithtield's martyr stake,
Or 'wid the flames of Troy to wake,
W 'fere not ail pain, uoubchub umc luvugui,
to soothe each dying -sufferer, lot.
4r V i L t,nf ilia tnmlt-
1 1 T.I .... .
tiost loves ainQugsi m ,
lt voice's on its zephers sound :
Oih- tears fehall as its dew -drops lie ;
fort care-worn frames, nere com w uic,
In vernal licavens be Iwrb again,
ibore thd woe, beyond the pain.
nose; his eyes seemed starting out of
his head; he rolled upon the deck' in
convulsions, staining it with the blood
which still trickled from his back.
He was ; a maniac; The surgeon's
I skill in the course of a few weeks
restored his bodily health, but not his
reason. . "
From. that time forward he was
fearless, i In the darkest niffht. the
fiercest gale, he! would scamper along I never knew; his departure
the deck like a dog, and bound aloft I noiseless as his entrance. So paralyzed
tinguish her life if she attempted to
raise an alarm. His face-was pale and
deathlike, his eyes started, but were
motionless, and every word he uttered
seemed to issue from the very
depths of his soul. The captain's
looks were terrible beyond description
Death left the impress of ferocity
upon his darkened features. How the
maniac entered or left the room she
was as
i-A THRILLING STORY.
with a speed which no one on board
oould equal. He would run over the
yards without holding, pass from mast
to mast oil the stays,' ascend ai)d de
scend by the leeches of the sails, and
run upon the studding sail booms. He
was as nimble as a cat, and had for
gotten fear. Some of the light duties
aloft he learned j to discharge in com
pany with thera he did as they did,
but could not be trusted to do anything
himself. One order he always obeyed
without hesitation.- At the command,
"Away aloft," lie was off, and never
paused until lie reached the masthead.
!
was she with fear, that an hour elaps
ed before she could muster courage to
call for help; but she thanked -God,
when the captain's cruel character be
came generally known ashore, that she
had been rescued from his alliance.
London Nautical Journal.
JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY.
At Viewed by a Qreat Exopnent.
Senator TJiurman's Letter to the Co
lumbus Ohio) Banquet Committee.
cur i
I-
man
i , JL timid boy, about fourteen years of
agehesitated to go aloft, but by the
coin's orders, was forcibly put in the
luain rijijmj;, m ......
mU was commanded to lash him like
.911 I -. I A . ...
The poor fellow's legs and arms trem-
bled, he grasped theslirouits, ne criea,
e prayed the inhuman captain for
MtmlVjLik to have mercv on him: but
all in. vain. The boatswain's mate
w onleiicd tv lay on harder, and
hdnlcr, rc?ardUss of the boy's piercing
Scream., which made even veteran sea
ieu turn From the brutal scene with
,i;k.si. His dotiiewem rent from
ils hack tlicitood followed the Usli,
still tte tyrant roared out, "Lay
tij, boatsxvjaiu's mate !"
(vl'ith p$e : $vilcl scream he sprang
fcomunder 'the lash, and bounded up
hel riggiijg with amazing rapidity.
U doubled the futtnek rigging li ke a
atpassed up the topmast and top-
auant raging .
Washington, Jan. 8. Senator
Thurman, in his letter to the commit
tee of invitation to the Democratic
banquet at .Columbus, Ohio, this
with his years, but his bulk and height evening, expresses his regret that the
remained nearly! the same at eighteen severe weather prevents his attendance
as when he" became a maniac.
As he was harmless and rarelv spoke.
The following incident actually oc- the captain kepfc bim on board) and
red on board ot a isritwn ingate, the course 0f a vear. sent him aloft
i . 4-,. "I . . .1 . I '.
and was cbmmunicatea to the writer, foramusement. His strength iucreased
several years ago, by an oiu man-oi-
(jpeiLshiif
iii.land
witli undiniinished
'bed the nnrattletl royal rig-
crched himself like a bird
lougside o'fjthe pennant which stream
ed from the masthead. ! Here he paus-
H) loakinf fearlessly- iipjim the deck
lelow.! I All hands came up to see him
-his cries! and cruel treatment had
lready enlisted their sympathy, and;
1 possible liad iiicreased their hatred
rf,te captain. I - j . .
1 Tiienoster was smiling compla-
fentlv at the success of his experiment;
f if - - - E
His ribs, breast and back seemed
one case of bone, and his sinews and
muscles made his legs and arms appear
like pillared columns. He was fair
with light blue eyes and delicate skin;
his face oval and full, but void of ex
pression -neither love, fear, revenge
nor pleasure could be 4 raced in its
stolid outline. His eyes started at
everything without appearing to see,
and, when 4ic spoke, there was rarely
any meaning in his words. He fol
lowed, the men in their various duties
likeadog following his master. When-
ever he was struck or start lea oy a
boatswain's mate, he ran up the main
rigging, screaming at the top of his
lungs, and never paused until he had
performed, the first evolution which
had made him a maniac.
As the sailor's story runs, the ship
arrived at Plymouth to be docked
and refitted. The captain, availing
himself of the leisure, was going to
be married, and the news was com
municated by his servant to the cook,
who soon circulated it on the berth-
1 . B
deck among the men, who cursed him
and all his kin.; His servant came
on board of the hulk where the men
were lodged, the evening when the
captain was to be married. Crazy
Joe (the name the boy was known by)
melb him at the gangway, and asked
intelligently if the captain would be
exist in
a free republic.
"Fourth The Jacksonian Demo-
cracy were a party oi economy ; ine
ordinary annual expenses of Jackson s
administration, that is the expenses of
the government exclusive of payments
in discharge of the public debt, were
out fifteen millions or thereabouts.
Now our i ordinary annual ! expenses
are nearly ten times that sum. JYVhat
a contrast 1 While our population
has increased but little more than three
fold, ourt expenses havejnereased near
ly tenfold. Is it not high time that
we should return to the economical
principles! and practices of the Jack
sonian Democracy ?
; ! "These points, few in number but
transcendant in importance, I have
thought jit proper to note for the con
sideration of our friends. Others might
be stated but these must suffice for to
day.' '
"Gentlemen, I know that the ban
quet wil I be enjoyed by those who at
tend it. ,1 trust that it will prove
beneficial to others as well. I trust
its influence will be felt in reviving
the Jackson Demacracy and iu com
bining the opponents of the Republi
can arty in a graud effort to free the
i A
country irora misrule ana corrup
tion.
DRIVING HORSES.
much; nn
the horse.
with such
1 that theicaf, properly applied j could
lake
Still he was
K i
nieuklo anvthinir.
prehensii'e that the boy might de-
ro Jiimself, and the circumstances
Iiefe he lnew representations of his
uelty had already been made. Ihe
married that evening and where?
was on of those tyrants who boast- The servant gave him the information
he desired, and went about his busi-
.. . ; y .
ncss. : .
That nigh while the captain was
undressing, he (was : seized by the
k used against him at the Admiralty, throat and dragged to the bridal bed.
"Lookrfair lady,! ou rae' said Crazy
Joe, "but do not scream, or I will kill
v . .1 It t '."
you. looK on me. l hold within
my grasp' a devil, who delitrhts in
cruelty a merciless r fiend who lias
scourged the backs of hundreds of
brave men a ruffian who has robbed
the of my reason; I hold him within
the grasp of death, at the very mo
ment his black soul j thought itself
within thereach of bliss. Monster!
i , i i - " -
look upoii your latly think a moment
ren, gazed in
sile
nee.
4 i .
looking
first at
t T : - . . 1 -
le boy and then at the captain, who
I oil ' y t '
s seatcdr near tlie tafTrail. They !
Sited not to be seen speakinjr to one
Qther it was a flojrinff offense; even
uight spies passed under their ham-
fcksio' ascertain if they whispered.
pe oracers walked the lee side oi-wc
irter-deckjOccasioiiaUy casting their
cs;aloft but Were as -si lent & the
laying with the pennant appa-
and offers some reflections upon the
toast." "The Jacksonian Democracy,"
on which the senator had been ap
pointed to; speak. He writes : "I
wish to recall attention to some of the
most marked characteristics of the
Democracy of the time of Andrew
Jackson. I refer to the time when
he was a candidate for the presidency
and when he filled the presidential
chair.
"First The Democracy were then
eminently, if not pre-eminently, dis
tinguished by their devotion to the
union of the States, South and North
East and West, that sentiment was
cherished by every true Democrat.
Subsequent events chilled and at
length for a time suspended it in the
South, but the happiest circumstance
of our present condition (that, is to
the influence of Democratic princi
ples,) is that love of the Union is
everywhere restored and that its pre
servation is a fixed principle of the
Democratic party in the South,
"Secondly The party was equally
distinguished by its love of the con
stitution. It sought to preserve it in
all its vigor and beneficence by giving
to it a national and rational interpre
tation, and it battled manfully and
constantly against those latitudinarian
constructions that threatened to con
vert the government into any un
limited centralized despotism ; and on
the other hand, against all vice that
menaced the existence of the Union ;
and permit me to say that the prin
ciples of the Jacksonian Democracy,
in this respect, are as important to- steady pul
day as they ever were at any period
of our history.
Thirdly -The Jacksonian
cracy were the determined
monopoly ; they could not be
wise for the very foundation
party was the doctrine of equal rights.
By whatever names they have been
called there have been and perhaps
ever will be but two great parties in
America the Democratic party, ask
ing nothing but equal rights, and an
opposing party whose leaders have
Most men over drive They attempt too
in so doing, distract or hamper
Now and then you find a horse
a vicious gait that his speed is
got from iiiin by the most artificial proces
ses; but such horses are fortunately rare,
and hence the style of management required
cannot lecome general. The true way is to
let the horse drive himself the driver do
ing little j but directing him, and giving
him that confidence which a horse alone
gets in himself when lie feels that a guidp
and friend is back of him.
The vicious and inexcusable style of dri
ving is that which so many drivers adopt,
viz; wrapping the lines around either hand.
and pulling the horse backward with all
their might and main, so that the horse, in
point of fact, pulls the weight back ot hi mi
with his mouth, and not with his breast
and shoulders. This they do under the im
pression that such a dead pull is needed in
order to "steady " the horse. This method
of driving we regard as radically and super
latively wrong. It would tax the ingenuity of
a hundred fools to invent a worse one. The
fact is, with rare exceptions, there should
never be any pull put upon the horse at all.
A steady pressure1 is allowable, probably
advisable;! bnt anything beyond this has no
justificatoh in nature or reason; for nature
suggests thejutmost possible freedom of ac
tion of head,! body and limbs, in order that
the auimal may attain the highest rate of
spiced; and reason certainly forbids the supr
position tlat; by the bits, and. not the breast
collar, the. horse is to draw the weight at
tached to it. In speeding-our horses we very
selilom grasp the lines with hands when the
road is straight and free from obstructions.
The lines arel rarely steadily taut, but held
in easy pliancy and used chiefly to shift the
bit in the animal's mouth, and by this mo
tion communicate courage and confidence to
him. We find that by this method our hor.
ses: break less and go much faster than when
driven byimenwho put the old-fashioned,
upon them. Gulden Ilih.
WHAT OUR SUGAR COSTS US.!
At the present time the United States
pays not less than $100,000,000 to foreign
countries for sugar. During the past year
th consumption of sugar in this country
has aggregated 745,250 tons, of 'which as
much as 577,194 tons were j import
ednearly five-sevenths of the whole
amount consumed. The gigantic frauds
upon the revenue, and the wholesale adat
teration and poisoning which ha v recent
ly Ibeeu disclosed in connection with the
importation and distribution of this arti
cle, is at once a conclusive demonstration
of i the unreliability of the standards of
valuation established by our tariff, and a
most eloquent exposure of the weakness
and folly of our internal policy. Possess
ing, as we do a soil equal to that of any
country ou the globe; for the production
of sugar, and with an acreage that will eas
ily supply all our needs and furnish a large
surplus for export, we yet find ourselves
importing all but a fraction of What we
consume. How we are to utilize bur pro
ductive capacity and save the immense
amount of money' spent elsewhere, is a
question of pressing importance. As long
a"o as 1823 our sugar crop was about
30,000 hogsheads. In 1861 it had increas-
to 559,410 hogsheads. Owing to the
war, and the consequent delapidation of
our valuable estates,! the destruction of
our labor system aud the difficulty of pro
coriug seed cane, the production declined
to about 10,000 hogsheads in 1865. Since
theu the yield has gradually increased
JVoni ycafto year, and with moderate en
couragement from the Federal govern
inent the production of sugar would iu
crease fourfold, and within ten years, at
the fartherest, Lonisana 'alone, with her
million acres of sugar lands would not
onl supply all our needs, but be able to
exnort in larire quantities. Xetc Orleans
Democrat.
Demo-
foes of
other-
of the
The South Carolina Legislature passed
a law providing that auy person convict-1 their f.mnjS stock aud agricultural impli-
The Governor's Message
To the Honorable the (lateral Assembly of
Aorth Carolina
In compliauce with the coustitutiou and
the time-honored custom of my predeces
sors, 1 have the honor to greet yon as the
representatives of the people and to con
fer with yon in regard to the state of our
Commonwealth. To an executive desir
ous of serving well his State, the meeting
of the General Assembly is always the
occasion of rejoiciug, as it not only brings
to his aid the wise counsels of legislators
fresh from their constituents, but relieves
him of much embarrassing responsibility
I, therefore, gladly welcome you to the
capital and promise to co-operate most
heartily with vou in divisiuir means to
v
promote the public good.
It is known to vou that owing to causes
which I need not here attempt to eluci
date, the people of the United States- and
in a irreat measure ot the civilized world
have been for some years past, and stil
are passing through a period of most ro
markable financial trouble, producing
everywhere much distress and even dis
aster. Of course North Carolina has shar
ed these calamities and her prosperity
has been retarded, as has that ot others
Hut I believe I cau truthfully say that
she lias suffered as little, if not less, by
these hard times than her sisters. Look
iiff at the whole State and compariugher
condition with others, we have abundant
reason to be thankful aud take courage of
the future. The public health has never
been better; whilst the pestilence has
played with pittiless fury among the
homes aud pleasant places of our South
ern and Western neighbors, especially of
our great daughter Tennessee. The pro
foumlest quiet and most-reverential obe
dieuce to legal authority have prevailed
throughout our borders, while riotiug,
robbing and defient lawlessness have dis
turbed the peace of many States North
aud West of us, accompanied loth by ar
son and bloodshed. .
The crops of the last two seasous have
been excelleut and the means of subsis
tence have never been more abundant and
cheap. The industry of our people has
been notably uicreaseu auu uiverwneu.
ed of carrying concealed weapons or arms
on the streets or highways shall be pun
ishable by; a fine of not less than $200
nor more than $1,000, aud imprisonment
for not les's than six mouths nor more
thau one year. A similar law, rigidly eu-
forced, in this State, is one of our gravest!
needs. Oar Legislature could in no other j
way do their constituents so important a
service. Char. Democrat.
is
"
itjy uncposcious of the interest he
teited bel6w. Tired with gazing aloft
leicaptam sting out throgli the
a
ever sought and ever will seek spe-
of the heaven of earthly jov almost cial privileges created by law. ho
within your reach then think of can forget the great battle fought by woinen, repr
A DiMytaeeful Custom at the SWth.
' li i
New York,
1 boy
boind; j
lyetl iii
;inr t mm net. 'I'Down from aloft!
sprang upon the truck at
arid raising: himself erect,
jap around his head; then.
fetchinc hi nrm nnK cave 1 Wild
T o T -,- o
the Democracy under the leao of
Jackson against the bank of the Uni
ted States, and who can fail to see
that a desparate struggle against a far
more powerful combination of capital
tnt Rrtrivim nnrl
jward. he captain
:t expecting to see tl
lyv.w oil uecK; out
!!Wde ncffi tlie sailsj
aloeg 4he. main
iiiusr
threw himself
jumped to his
leLboy dashed
when clear of
lie saw ..htm
roval jstay
I'Sjth'et foretop-gaUant masthead.
safety,
the
in
am ill in lannrh and rlmtfpr like
otikev: as if
reached I the masthead
n descended alon? the ton-tral.
jtfefegtayr jjajid-overdiand. The
ooked at hirn aud was about.
me, poor Crazy Joe! and of the hell
to which I send you 1 Die, wretch, !
die!" ' - j ( .
When the alarm was giveo, the
stransled body ; ot the captain was
found lying alongside of the bridal J and privilege than was presented by
bed; but the .maniac who killed him that institution is now impending?
was never recognixed afterwards. He Will the Democracy of to-day follow
belonged to Cornwall and probably I the example set by their fathers of iu-
dielter from pnrsuit in the flexible opposition to special privilege
until' the excitement passed or will they prove errant to these
found
mines
away. The lady jstated at the' time,
and many years afterwards, that the
attack of the maniac was , so sudden
and silent that she knew nothing of it
until the curtains jwerej pushed aside
and she felt the pressure of the cap
tain's body bent oyer the edge of the
bed. Joe held hii victim around the
neck with the riglit hand, and turned
him from side to side ds easily as if
principles, the history and traditions
of their party ?JThis is a question that
must ere long be answered. My own
belief is that it will be answered as it
ought to be and that the Democrats
of to-day will prove themselves to be
what their iamers were true men.
They will be earnest, but not rash ;
determined but not unreasonable ;
destructive of wrongs aud abuses alone
he had been a child, while the' fore-'aud conservative of all that should
Jan. 4. There were over
esentiug almost every
at the Jefferson Market
Police Court yesterday, charged with
drunkcuuess or disorderly conduct. The
apology iu every case", was, "ladies' day;
we were makiug -calls." "Ladies' day,
indeed !" tie Justice would repeat ; "I am
glad it comes ouly once a year, for such
exhibitions1 as this are by no means enter-
htaininff.
' Some time siuce we gave our views up
on curtailing the expenses of our own
State government. We then advocated
putting the pruning kuife to the topmost
branch andl coming down to the lowest.
From conversations with the masses, since
that time, we; are assured that such action
meets favor with our people, and our
members elect will do well to heed the
voice of the people. Let them go to Ral
eigh determined to do their duty, though
the heaven $ 'fall. The salaries of our of
ficers are too high. Let them be ; scaled
down ; comtnence with the Governor, and
come down!toi the sheriff. Tianilolph Zfrjf-
wriorV
imntft fdiow considerable improvement;
nml wliiln tho uroduction of ur cash sta-
1 1.1 Atcadilv enlarircd. the amount of
breadsUitt's purchased abroad has visibly
d'nuiiiUhed. This is au-undoubted ev
idence of progress. Hut mauufacturiug
enterprise aud the legal class of specula
tiou reipiiring more capital have not
equally advauced, owing to the financial
.i.......TAMiMit rft?nd to. in consequence
..rtTliH'h there has been some disti-esi
among our mechanical population, iuela
lin.r lalmr. have ruled low.
l&inemberiiiir that. North Carelina
tlv anariicilltural State, your
IrL'i.datiou should le directed towards the
iiiiiuovemeut of that iuterest mainly. In
this connection I beg to call your atten
tion to the fact that the first aud perhaps
rratest heed of au agricultural- people,
thinly scattered over a wide extent of ter-
; fii-it. tf r,m hirhwavs and easy
.....nArtiitinn for persons and produeis.
s a Jreneral rule, from the lowland belt
westward the mgu wa.vsoi vm ow7.v
as bad, if not worse, than any to be found
in the Atlantic States. The old system
e lrxvitiiifr ithem and keeping them in re-
O - 1 t n a
pair, adopted by our iamers inro
hundred years ago, is still in use, though
it ntter inefficiency for nearly mat leugiu
,.rti..i lin leen apparent. Of the incon-
t and depressing tendency
upon all iudustry which such roads occa
sion, I need not stop to remind yon; I
shall oulv beg your earnest attention to
l.o i,A..1Uitv for a ehanse. and express
in v decided opinion that no iermaucnt
prosperity need be expected unless this
Grievous evil is remedied. Certaiy great
feadiug thoroughfares thiough the; most
convenient centres, and all injuring into
the nearest railroad lines, might be cheap
ly and thoroughly constructed by convict
labor, the counties through which they
nnnrthifr the convicts. Aud as to
5i. riih:irpiiii? into these, I ailvise
that some other method for their con
Hm devised.
' I am happy to be able! to state that an
Increased iuterest is manifest among all
classes in pouahir-education. ' TliU i. T
believe, mainly due to the action of the
last Legislature in appropriating money
v iuvnuimuuicu( ui normal bciiooi.
n accordance with the law the board of
education established one for the whites
at.the University, and-decided to locate
one for the blacks at Favettevillf. in a
building tendered by the coloml oeonle
of that place. They were established on
somewhat different systems, regard being
uau Mi; me circumstances ot each race. It
was considered that the white race hail
already many educated teachers who sim
ply needed Instruction in the art of teach
ins, while the blacks needed teachers in
structed in both the elements of learning
ami iHe an; or teaching. For the one
therefore a six weeks school was held at
Chanel Hill dunnjr the summer vacations.
and for the other a permanent school was
established in Fayettville. Uoth have
been remarkably successful at the first
session of the white school 225 teachers
attended, and at the second one the past
summer, more than 400 teachers were
present, representing about sixty counties.
An excellent corps of instructors were
employed, the University gave the use of
its buildings, its libraries, labratories,
and apparatus. Tho railroads very gen
erously gave reduced rates, the agent of
the reabody fund supplemented the ap-
.
propnauon wmi a nanusome aonanon.
and every dollar that could be spared was
used to equalize the benefits of the State's
bounty by paying the travelling expenses
of the more indigent. Lectures by dis
tinguished citizens of the State on popu
lar themes were delivered almost daily
with the best results. The undoubted ef
fect of the whole was to arouse an enthu
siastic iuterest in behalf of popular cdu
cation, among a large portion of our neo
pie, and to excite a spirit of honest pride
in their noble calling among all the teach
era prcscut, which will, it is hoped, do
much "ood. 1 he accompanying report of
President Hattle is referred to for par tic
ulars. Ihe colored normal school at
Favetteville was nut in char&re of Mr.
X - j ci-
Robert Harris, a native colored man of
excellent character and capacity, super
vised by a loard of local maiiagcrs select
ed from the best business citizens of the
town, who took a creat interest in its
welfare. It has beeu managed with un
expected success. The first session opened
with fifty-eight pupils about forty ef whom
have received certificates as teachers,
some of high grade : the second year be
can with seventy-four pupils aud is now
in progress. The same donation was made
to this school by the Pea body fund as to
the white school, and the same scheme
adopted to equalize its benefits. The re
port of Mr. Harris, to which you arc re
ferred, will be as surprising as I am sure
it will be pleasiug to all who desire the
real welfare of our colored citizens.
I siucerely hope the appropriation for
both schools may be renewed, and the law
lie made to embrace both sexes." For
though females have attended both schools
by per mission, yet the board of education
did not feel at liberty to exend any State
money in their aid, which appeared a lit
tle ungallaut for so; Christian a ieople as
ours, who are so Well aware that as a
general rule our female teachers are bet
ter than the males. The excellently
worded memorial of the teachers them
selves, which accompanies the reportLof
President Battle, is especially comuiened
to your favor.
BOAllD OF AC.UICLI.TURE.
The establishment by the last Legisla
ture, in pursuance of the constitution of a
department of .agriculture, was a very im
portant step indeed ito the welfare of this
State. As was to have been expectea tne
law has in some respects proven defec
tire, aud will require some amending at
your hands, but iiijtlie main it is an ud
w a . ... MA
inirable one. It is the hrst special cnorc
ever made in the direct interest of agri
culture and has beeii hailed by our farm-
u? people with groat satisfaction. So far
this bureau has cost the people nothing,
the tax ou the license to sell fertilizers
have vielded sufficient revenue for all its
purposes. As soon as possible after the
passage of the law iu 1877, .the organiza
tion of the board of agriculture was com
pleted by the electioti of the two uitelh
gent .farmers who now occupy scats in it,
a commissioner was ciccieu, a ecrciu j
and treasurer chosen, and work begun
imuiidiutely. For the results of the hrst
two years 1 refer you to the accompany
ing report ot the commissioner. i.-oi. l. I-
Polk, which sets out everything in detail.
I rogaru the .beginning as cxceneuu mo
chief difficulty in the way of doing any
new thing among a people so conserva
tive as ours isiu securing their prompt co
operation. It was found very difficult at
first to awaken au active interest iu the
operations of the bureau, but the impres
sion ouce produced is lasting and enlarg
ing. Special attention has been given to
the aualyziug and classification of fertili
zers, including marls ; to tho re-stocking
of our rivers with fish, and tho prepara
tion of a hand-book Of information con
cerning the State and its resources. Much
good has been effected, I am sure, and an
interest excited that will lead to still more.
A serious drawback to fish propagation is
numerous damsTind wbstructious of th
streams; and puMic sentiment is in iuuut
places pre ven toil from bearing ukiu the
owners of these obstructions by the sneers
of the iguoraut and the incredulous. This
will disapiear when the results are seen
and the laws passed in aid of this iuiMir
tant matter will then be helped iu- their
execution by a wiser popular opinion.
The trouble with regard Ur the prepara
tion of a proper hand book has beeu the
actual impossibility of getting statistic.
The duties required of tax-listers under
the sixth section ff the act establishing
the department, have been in seven cases
nut of ten evaded or openly and defiant
ly refused. Additional legislation is need
ed t make this law effectual. And in
thi4nnnection I bez. permission to re-
iiutrL- wnerallv. that the vital defect of
which excellent ones are already in exia '
teuce. It is not a coodthW or n lmnltliir . j
'g perhaps, for a people, to multiply r
greatly their list of criminal offences bat
tor the enring of this serious: defect fuBi-:
administration of our laws I can see no- '
better way than the imposition, of heavr
uu.nv? mi me omission or refusal, oa "?
the part of auy public officer; to perform t
anyf duty which he is required to perform; f
It has not only been found impossible to ' r ;
get jtlie statistics required under the Tici "
establishing the board of agriculture, at :
Uforo remarked, but also to git proper
aud timely returns.from tlnrcounfy school - (
tufus auu managers, whilst sevi r.il conn ! ; :
tiesiin the last election for ConirreRainPrt
failed to send full and proper returns of
thefvotes cast, aud some even failed to re H
turn anyt all ; and so on through the $
list it is to the last dpM A
ingjo these who earnestly desire to d
something for the public ginxl to fiudthat
those whoso special duty it is to heb
will not do so, and can refuse to do so5
with impunity. j:
Ai to the work of the agricultural .
bureau, I desire to call your-attention to
the Subject of our forests. I will not un
dertake to poiut out the many and most
luipuriauv mucuons winch they-iulall iu
the economy of nature, and which the in
vestigatioBs of scientific men are-every -day
rhiging to the attention of the. worUL
uuw twi content my seir wtthj referring to
therei as source of wealth, health and fer-'
tiiity, ana to tne fact of their rapid and
wasteful destruction. Depleted as they
are, bur forests are tp day, perhaps, worth
uioic intrinsically, properly managed;
thai! the lauds they stand upon; whilst
the Value of those especially; which sha-f
dowi the highlands round' about the
sources of our rivers is simply incalcul-r
able considered with reference to rain
falls; destructive floods, Slc. The proof of
ims is piaiu to any one! who has observed
the condition of those valleys whose hill
sides have been entirelS' stripped of tim
ber and converted into that shanm f
Southern agriculture old fields:-and vet
in the face of the increasing value of tim
ber ud the decreasing value of the laud
fron which it is ruthlessly swept, the,
ucstruction goes on. Many counties
already feel the evil keenly, and not
man V years hence, if some remedy be not
applied, the outcry will be general., li
confess I do not see my way clear to that
remedy. I am aware of the difficulty and
the danger of interfering with the owners .
icgai rigut to uo wnat he pleases - with
i.; a-;, in.. . : . i i
ma un ii. x iicBcw proper 10 cut ins iiui-.
her, dry up the springs which feetl our;
streams, and precipitate his soil into their
channels, changing their currents andr
deluging alUthe low lands below him, and
impoverishing him e.f and l i children.
I can't see hew he is to be hiudered, 1u. h
the people of other natious aro finding
means by bonuses, exeinptieu from' taxa
tion f and other devices to restore the
foi-ests ami den nded Tan ds ; and luany' -of
our counties are adopting laws with re- ;
gard to inclosing thej lands, the effect of
winch is to reduce the expenditure of tim
ber fpr farming purposes to the, mini-j
mum. As guardians of the interests of au.
agrichltural j)eople, Lcommend this whole,
subject to your serious attention. 1 am !
requested by tlie board of agriculture to j
say that they concur iu the recouuueudaT
tions: of the commissioner. '
I call your special attention to the re- I
lort bf lr. Ledoux, director of tlie ferti- ,
lizer central station. It is gratifying in '
the extreme, you will perceive, that the
quality of the fertilizers sold iu the State
has steadily improved, and the marked
value, of the improvement amounts to more
than $100,000 in two years 1 This is caus
ed enviously by the fact that knowing
their Avares were to Jkj subject to -a rigid
scientific, test, the dealers were careful
to make them come up to the mark, and
many others have quit the market alto
gether. '
I'EXAL AXD ClIAIliTABLE INSTITUTIONS.
I ani happy to say that the affairs of j.
the jieniteutiary and the two asylums ;
have beeu well managed by their reupec-
tive boards, and are in a satisfactory con- I
ditiori. The Deaf and Dumb aud Mind
Asylum makes perhaps mere satisfactory r!
exlAbit than it has ever done since its es- !
tablishmeut. With a large increase of ;
pupils there has been aHecrease of 16 per j
cent, in the total of expense. As you will 1
see bv the superintendent's report, with
a reunceu appropriation irom lornier ;
yearsthe board of this institution have j
saved 915,Oj6.1 out or the amount, with :
wbii li they have erectetl au elegant and
much ueeded addition to the main build-
ing, at a cost of $7,57d.55, and have still ;
to their credit in the-'fveasnry $7,4rf!.57. ;
Though results have not beeu quiteeo j
satisfactory witlt,the Insane Asylum, yet,
on the whole, it has done well. "Notwitlr j
standing the number of its inmates have 1
increased, and some extraordinary and
costly improvements have beeu made, eac
lienses have been kept down, aud it JiaS
lived within its appropriation. I reeom
mend that the boaru.be authorijr4o .
bnild on the grounds a separate residence
for the Ruperintendent, aiid that his pay"
bo fixed iu cash, a are the salaries-of all
the other principal officers of the various
iiislitUtiotts of the State, I , 'alsoj J-eCom
iiiend the repeal of section 20, chapter
of Battle's revision, under whieJjhe State
pays for transporting all patients! to and
from the asylum, toiwhom the clerks of
the Superior CourtsV will give a certifi
cate that they have not property Kutticisnt
to pay their own expenses. ITuder that
act the State is often imposed njoii shame- :
fully. It is the nature of public charities f
to invite such abuses, custom legitimatize
them, ami they become a base for still
greater abuses. The only safe way w to
use the knife promptly on their first a j
arance. It is known that much of the
laws, as they now stand on the statute
book, in relation to each of the asylums
and the penitentiary, was abrogated by
...... ----- , , .
. i.i. ... ...i.i..n... ,trApiil..I 1 Ka ilafLiAiiu if tlin- Siinrftine I .on rt in
OliriaWS lies Hi WIC luauiuij jpi.iiuMiiiH,uni.i..n ... -
for their execution. The general tenor of litigation com eriimg tlieir managementv
our legislation is excellent, as all who ! aliotttl87S, ana some imgauon
. i.:t.. I.- .romiiin uf af.iHin for a ! Iid RllWfl in C011HI UCHCO thef
Imndred vears past will confess ; but a-Haft now nave i o re.m w
Jtinrf. luirtiuil of tllCIP oftCU of a most
beneficeut diameter lie dormant and in
operative. There itio power given to
the chief executive, or any head of a de
partment, to quicken the diligence or re
buke the criminal neglect of his subor
dinates; and many of our best laws take
the chance of the local favor or disfavor
with which they be regarded, and are
alive or dead as that may be. Proof of
this is found in the number of new stat
ues iu relation to subjects concerning
ber a
TIh
i-
ftiAiiM iif th court "to arrive'iat the mean
ing. Jmpircationabio1ia8to .be resorted;
to in order to supply deficiencie. Thjs
makes it extremely iucon ven ient for the
bijeird ind all concerned; who son timesv
have to consult counsel before perfrming
a plaint duty. I recommend tliat the va
rious acts regulating theses institutions be
reieuatetlstrikiug out those features de
clared oid by the court, aud the whole
sinYplifled ami connected so as to Ikj easily
iiiidcrstMMl by all. i -
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