i!
V - 1' . ? I. i, I
L O G A L.
tr Wiley took the cars for Cjii-
il-nrnink and will be absent fur pvill lay it by. Cotton wilt lie worked at
iW. I f i 1 1 ! I : least twice mate. after wincing there (will
tay.
TjHitnc for fielding the editorial con
1 n,tfoi t lias ledii clianfred
r-O-
J. G. Hani.
at
24(1.
fitirrlcan: I)r,
. Q V 111!.' t r;,- i
Ideliler a iiasonic; address
vinoJoIf!jV d;iy, the 2
I , i.l trnHioeKt of Lei Lodge, Xo. 253,
It 141 III ml - 2, -- . '
Utettm.;
Ml in
lias
one time
been- general-
good.
to take down
farmers
"The reaper
ud cdr
rn
Avcll
the oat,
and cot-
for the
;,, beginning
ylkb.4ut,u8ually
yHl WesteIn Xoatu Caholixa IUtL
of
doublo tM-rvice
: The freight and
will leave here ev-
3i:.wf" ; ... a- j
r tt. At... . iiini'
hiiHNlatloa iraiu
Lfr M.huUv, Wetluew uy aiui rnaay, at
lOA. M- arnve at neirry at a.4U
ex nnsH tram win
earn uttaehetl.
j).45 l. MM aiid ai -t
7.45 A. M.
Indeed, we have seen
poor wheat.
very : few fields of
Most of our farmers In vo worLed their
corn the second tiaierj The next working f
i t.i..- t. n . i '. i '. t. .L LrL !
and o(her8. Tiiere were Jnde Fowle,
an it Judge benenck, anil Jridgo Avery,
J. M. . Uleuient, Ksij.t and Cot. TJios.
M. Holt of -JNtrtli Carolina, Anthonj
least twice more, after whijh there
ue a sitort season of rest,
- In every direction, we find the crops
well worked, unusually clean, and in a
flomihing condition, owing, inn jreat
ine.isuie, to the iniprovel aricultuial
implements now used; gncli as Walking
Cnltivator," Doulde-hoveI i'hiws, &e.,
the bitter of which," is now to be found ion
the plantation of almost vtry enterpris
ing farmer. The old style of plowiii
only one furrow at' a tinief will soon tie Hamiii Palnier Keid, of South , Caroliua.
nuinlwred with thing- of the inwt. j .We
regaruiue lnveuioroi i no iron ieam, lou.
ble shovel IMow, as n
in having produced jthe most Hensilde,
cultivator
(liiralile ami effective
made and so cheap a to be within
reach of all
public lenefactr-
evet yet
t!ie
We have had several fine showers
. .
lately, ana tne wea
the niei-cury ranging
the shade.
li?r i.4 quite wabn,
from 85 to 90 , in
if W. ItJF.
1m ,1.1
l' SI.! 1 N "
.liiilv witlA iepiii
fc.aiSSalifry4it
riu t Swanana
.1. '!...-. .:n i... .......
wlu)itiou of ioit4ty.this year, ami Jree
,t.!ilrt8 win hdve coiiijidainli or lject ions
in urs r correction!- to ask, are invited
fomfe tli!a4tfV' township on
tin-tfi or .Jl.t ua.V .01 oniy ior mat j:ur-
ih.sv Tlie. Aessors wi h atieml at the
i;urt HoiiWr(ui those liiys Tor t.h. pur
j'Hwej-itid ica"t-"V a.1
Young Mea'a Olmstiaa i Assxiition
- ... VVorit. j!--
- '-li - ' J -
la June -STs a tMr Clirtstt m young men of Salis
bury lurme t a Vu.iajj j.en'.- CUilUan Assodluioa
m tuls ptwe. Slati- thar ilia um Asaod uloa aas
ra.w ay i. iureasi.il uu t no.v iiiui.nasoter iUty.ain.ive
froui oil tae uliii'reia'lirsilaa iUmioujI
aulnDs, uiui.i.1 omo uuid o. i.ruihfrs enrnestl tn--e
wn.i 'iM a svajiif Uitf ti.ni.sp ir Clirtsil .nityi '
Kavi;i tu iejuU w t-;u,iJtllons tu.it lxet
you ig int-it oa oU lAics, iui i taclr we.ikness to re-
L -tt.it l.ieau nils ;r Is ;M i iiiy vxerlcd la their ce-
Uill. : ! - - h h
i ne number ot existing Associations now amount
to about i went -lour huadn-a ttoaie ot tbe Urger
.v.ijcl,ulaascatnliilns more Uiantiiree thousaud
m :uibers co ubl.iLa uaueu or tue taost ta:eLte and
cji lv. cunsil xn iila:. of all deuotulnailonJi. aud
as a iU le c is'ltutl i-j tlje rnostTpiwerrui bxiy of
religious .voi Kein la twe. vomd, and the most eill-
cient ana oi me carls.l ta CaurcU a-sjmlnjr none
o. tae jjreroaiivt stnai ooiongio orjarlzeacUiUic. ca
Mraetiy lauo.iD? la an tne caaanei of. lerlu-
ia iii.-1 iy work.
iMive.
Hoe liamlle-i are lint- st easily ; picked
I' ; - I1' i.t. . t '! . 'in. -
towii fas. in tne couiiuy. t rjb
riJiVH tttlir; pii e f -'-pa paw- thicket
iudl"tsdwij vouug! saplings ajul after
raiioffiii.eark w th a drawling knife
piltslliem in fliedry o season, ami when
,u?H-Iia!Mll; is netsled ho has it ready
nt cost-at all. JJut in
iiiiij travel. artiiiinlJVoin h!iou
i 9 . ' i . . . i .. .i. .. tf ...
SUOIJ ailiLIiPt-ail.l :uil:io e u.uit-r ijr
Ti-. . -. . - a i-i
3
o at almost
mat
.l.nvJr we
fa jolt.
iiiulle oi' alinaiL
very willinj
to take
Ai a ineet fig of Salisbury Lodge No.
775.Kiiights ff Honr tho following
jm weieclelted for the ensuing term
Il'$'$ !: ' 1 ' :i- it .I..L ' i...i
DlKtftor, ;
Vice liiice
siht. Besides the old habitues of Trus
tees, who have been sitting. jou the ros
trum for a quarter of. a ceuttiry, nud the
acnlty: with their" faces Tjk-trayiiiff the
marks of Ktudy nud hard kork,' there
were others, well known in this State
Moutgoni-
Ftorida, and
White of Siiuth Carolina, Di
cry, troin urange Jake,
others, not forgetting tlie efficient and
Iiaudsoiue President of the Uoartl, Kev.
L. .McKiiiuou,of Atntli Carolina.
Alter the oiiening praA er, the exercises
were lieguu with the Salutatory by Beu
l ins pel in ina uce was wniifetiiing new4
under the sun, at Davidson.! Instead of
oj)eiiiug with"Curato vcnt-rabilissiini,
1'iofessoies doctesiuii, puelhc ciris
sinia;, etc., etc, he Ix'gan in good plain
Kuglish, and told the audience how ghtd
euery body was, and wh it he anil his
class thought a f the people in geueial.
It may be that the custom of jsalutingthe
ciowd in iJatin, may now iml then be
'more houorett in .the breach than in the
observing," yet I confess to it little (lis
appointment in not leing -egaled witl
the Nouoious pcritals of t lie L'tacsic Latin,
esjwcially in the accents cr j the conti
nental., pronunciation. It
that it is nuiuteliigitde to
Even the rnttYst of iw all
-word now and then, and the, fellows do.
cheer so lustily, w lien the liitiuist nys
sweet I V pite'la pttleherHma After
matters little
jthe crowd,
can catch a
so
Air. Keid,
Carolina,
Arthur 1 Bi-oai ,
AltH-rt G. Bnckn'er
Carolina, Jas. A. Wilson of
Una, Jas. A. Ibnles of Nul th Carolina,
Caroliua, and
Jas. W. Osborne of -North
Dan. A. McGregor of Noit!i Candiua,
delivered well conceived uiUl thttuhttul
speeches, each ami all rel
upon their -instructors. There
lame speech among them, nor one beiliz-
r.ic Asa K-lit!oa cf Xorta Carolina will hold their ! XM,el wih tawdry oinatneiits of a
annual co iveatlon In Salisbury on the June,
i acre will prjta ly bf nrosent iseentv-nve dele
sfates. An t It at earnestly hOiX-1 that tae' i-ltlzens
w ill irel3" o;en their d'xjrs -and render a fiUw.fiul
assl. t iik-c in tua gjol wori . taey ure endeavoring
toye4forui. . j KM IUvis,
! Sec. Y. M. A.
j For tufe Watchinan.
Comnieneenient at Davidson College.
filse-rlu toric.
THE PRIZES
were delivered bv the linn.
Fowle, of Kaleigh. Thesie
of
of
South
South
North
Caro-
ectiu"
crHlit
was not a
"Fowle Medal,M for oratjorv. to J.
DunJap ; the "Holt Medal,' for Greek,
Dan'l
were :
iG.
the
35r
to
the iif;ey
to Henry iL.
the "Uock-
irtoii
i do.
!
kiouu i. iaroer,
C. Ki Mills,
A?st.
KrMi ter, f
Fhin'ce Keportcr,
(bitj'l-du, 1 j
GiiiiK - . ! - J;
Guaitlian, f ;
i-uifiiWll i : I
jliul. KxatnliiiT,
V. II, Overman,
IP. H. B.all,
ill. MJ Jones,
iK. It. Crawford,
J. G. Ileilig,
A. 1'aikerC
G. H. Shaver,
: K. Kose Dorsett.
iVeare in 'receipt of the Catalogue of
It IS 11(1 II -
In) Uin'ha:iiiSc!i.l for 1 17 i
The annual commencement at David
sou College occurred; last week, onjWcd-
nestlay and i hursday, and was au.
occasion if peculiar ! interest anil atten
tion; The Trustees j closed their sessions
on Wednesday, and jit is understood that
they regard the college iil every respect
iii a 8ountl aiul gftxAing condition.! The
nuinber-of Ttidt-nts h.ibeen twenty more
this vear than last ; the- year has U'en
marked by eai i. est study, and the most
excelfelit tifder, no case of discipline
having rctpiied the attention of the fac:
nlty ; and the tiuaucial affairs if j tbe col
lege a r satisfactory. Its six cln seii,
able, ami ft Uy trained pfofessots1 have
been faithfully at work. And in the
mean ti.-iie one of them, Prof. Sain pson,
tound time to luing ito n climax, u matri
monial arraugemeiiti for himscifi It is
understootl 'that hie was mart led 'on
Wednesday of coniuieuceineiit to Miss
Annie WimmIs, jot Chai loitsville, N'a., at
least so said a card, received! fy the
writer, several tlays in advance. On
Tuesday nigiit the societies hail their re
unions, and It is hclleved that: cheerful
justice to any other "School o say that thej.t'nies were en joyed in each. But that is
a secret, wnispereu neie uihi mere oy
venerable aluaiui to each' other in confi
dence, but t lie p:i ticulais; are never en
trusted to the types. -
Wednesday 'luof niug i the spacious
Cbanibers Hall, capable of searing 1,200,
was prettyyell tilled to hear the annual
oration by Duncan K. McKar Esij., of
Wilmingroii. Ctd. Mcliae is an orator of
thw first water, and be enchained his audi
ei.ee. with the spell! of his eloquence for
air hour and a half-f-uith iio wearinessor
r stlessness; His general subject seems
J. V. liislev, of Guilford
Medal," for mathematics,
Smith, of Greensboro ; and
j well Prize," tor Latin, to A C- Mcintosh,
of 1 yylorsviIU', N. C. Jifilge Fowle and
Messrs. Holt and Wiley," being on ' the
rostrum, it was no doubt a mutual satis
faction to the donors and dunces to par
ticipate in these exereisesj j
Alter this came the delivery of the
diplomas to the graduating! class, in few
and simple words by President Hepburn.
THK VALEDICTORY
was then delivered -bv F. I Ramsavj of
Troy, Alabama. Tender
f
were his wonts, wellm; up
bind touching
from a full
J h f ' - l -" "I ; :i .
liowin (14 pupils from I-4.States in the
rniiViv, auilifrne (Voui .-Vsla), is (tetter than
aiiysiuiilar Jchool in the i Snath makes.
V -unties tllittiie most liberal ofTers ale
iwile fu the Ions id' clertrvmen and others.
nijiE that vojing- men with small means
raii'Miiess," ami thus get a first-class ed-
catlm. witli-leryj little money.
'e notkeivlso tltat board, with furnish
wIIiiim; isrediced to $V2 ja-r mouth,
:aililtliattui(i!i (75 before the war and
$til)()till nlw) will be $50.00 hereafter :
ua the Stipe riu fendent ichiims that, with,
Liii.ibUVtliojoughly trained and experi-irii-(l
corps pf teachers and with increas
I Jaiilitiiv-,.Siiiuy satisfactory results will
lmucd and lor less money than nt any
tiinc siiice'lifH connection with the School,
begun twcnt-tyo year's agoij
iSt-' "- - -o -
T v F UK CRACKERS!
1 . ! I.- tl h
Tit Vulc( Merphxtd An'army o,
Wttevtkt ApiHhtetlrico of
I " C'tptured ami Blacked.
great victorv crowned
that dav
heart. Hard was the struggle.of the nil
known vouth, and many the dilRculties
he overcame, lint scholarship and char
acter -made tliemselves feln ami the first
hi mi j with laurels
If his life is spared we shall
doubtless hear from him in other places,
and still licher laurels will crown his
eifurt8. j
The occasion was enlivened bv the ex
cellent music of the Salisbury
Band, No. H, under the dii
fesor Neave. Our young
isfactiou, in this their first
Davidson, and no doubt
if.it there.
The exercises of the collipge will be re
sinned on the third Thirst
ber next, and the next.
Cornet
ection tf Pn-
inen gave 4at
apjtearance at
tenjoyed
!......: 8.
;rir lltC
A hoi
8
f Priratr
f Them
i small sensation in alis-
a week ao some one ex-
il a pajk of lire-crackers on luniks
object, iieai the Pirstyterian church.
0r ew poicemeu,. Price and Murphy,
wfrV arouscfl tui duty, ajid went in search
l!woffiilers. This iiiickened the
iirnnitj of the latter, who the irext
ilglit let tiff nioie cnjckeis, and the next,
?feHllp!U titdil Ihei fattle reminded
oe of ja tfcadly .:"encoanter" between
JHe Wiii.r. fTbiB police and author -wU-caai
excitctl, and-n secret detcc-
fitree, o tlie nmiiber of Pi, was
Htt date Monday night. But crackers i b.cut ion of
qmtuined to burst, even amidst
to have been, the 4"iIeIation between
Genius ami ; Talent," or ''E ery man the
Athitect of his own Fortune. He an-nuuni-eiLjis
thV dvitnuitls persona of his
discourse or piem "a Poet, a Painter,
a Dog, an AKsajssin, a Jurist." But
how wittily and wisely ne made these
characters play tjieir part, ijitio must
needs have been j-present, in I order to
know. If I mistake not, tew f that
autli"neewill ever let slip: an opportunity
to hear the stirring sentences of the silver-tongued
orator of the; Cape Fear. At
the close of the address the audience
lingered, refusing to leave their seats. At
last some one called for Jndjre Fowle,
and in a moment the hall re-echoed with
cries for Fow le. Il'eluctantly , he rose,
ami said, that he was like the ancient
r-soldier who declined tltat 'he did not
i tain to speak of war in the presence ot
Hannibal," bowing to Col. Mcliae. In a
moment "the ready! orator replied, that
'since he had jiitj described Hannibal as
a very ungainly specimen of mankind, he
could not take Judge Fowle's remark as
n compliment." Ami sjo with , laughter,
on the rostrum ami throughout the hall,
the audience dispersed. !At 4 o'clock in
the evening, the crowd, assembled againH
to hear the Alumni address from Anthony
White,' Esq., of J Sumter, S. C, of the
class of 1847. : Thirty-two, years ago, the
students used to speak in glowing terms
of t ne graceim- easy sryu ami M.nsueu
1 Hi; YY lute who had lust
ay in oeptein-
commenccment
will be on the third Thursday of liext
June, each one week laterithau the pres
ent vear. Upon the whole the commence
ment of was a perfect success, t At
least so says everylMdy.! The ladies
limited the speakers with j flowers, after
eacli effort. BeineiulKr, ladies, next year
to arrange for bouquets lor the boys, j
Special attention is called to the jfact
that the Board of Trustees, have opened
the college to the sons of ministers of all
denominations free of charge for tuition.
As the graduating class Was small, a ml
quite a uuniber have already entered,
and more expected, it is believed that
next year win be still more prosperous
than the past. ; Alumnus.
For the Watchman.
Jackson Hill Letter.
Editor Watchman : j ;
Df.au Sik : In jour'isslne of 15th nit.,
in a communication headed " 1'aylorsviHe
Letter," the writer, in speaking of his
mountainous country, -tys, in substance,
that, in winter sleet often forms on tlie
timlwrs on the high kuohs, while there is
none Im1ow ; and that in spiin ; the frost
often kills ail the vegetation below, while
all above a certain level js left green ami
nourishing. He also says1 j that he kiiovs
the.se to be facts, but cannot explain them.
I too have often witnessed simi.ar phe
nomenu among the hills of Davidson ami
1 Randolph counties ; and have, as often,
been pel piexeii roaccoum, pniiosopiiicaii.v
and satisfactorily, for them. I have al-
ways ikumi jinu nuu aui btuxitius to near
iaitlitiftghr one ;or the" detectives
and
SO
irruduated. It is uraise ; enoirirh to sav
spies . ... . i . -.,,1 ...I..-: - ' ...... .is..:..
VLi" i . ,. iiiliu iii.-s inn iiiiiiiiiii" veiiT nut-
uiiurr ie coai-tai s of . the police, nointetl with the, I soberer anil mature r i
thoughts of the middle-aged man, whose
love for his'Alma iMafer lias not abated
one tot, and who pleaded for an earnest-j
effort to sustain and enlarge the intiueuce
of the college. j
Wednesday night was taken up with
the Sm-iety lieprekt'ntatiVes, and contes
tants for the Fowie Medal for oratory.
These were : J. Walker White, of Cabar
ins, N. C. : C. Ii. Harding, of Charlotte,
ij wearyj froii watching
that he fell into u deen sleep
lftuml that neither crackers nor paint
j could arouse him, and he got the
f both. Tncsdar hiHit witness-
asiinilar scene. -How Uho thing is,
P'nj; to nid c.Un,ot be known : but the
t mty .to '-istop dev lineiit of this
i-V-l' 51 .Mir'F'4Il !boys do
I 'fWihicf tlieycaif !le easily found
t, and J will be, andishoiild then be
ncM itiu tii above we lleani that
yrulsiiiv perstins have suffered con-
WH'ra,,ry n account of these disturban-
knowu to insure' quiet to
C.
C.
W
J.
P. .leujiiiigs, of Bennettsville,
Lift tq be I
, a - -- o
;'Miv. Jy.
IFraiikllii IZephrrsi . "
1 A . !-.-'
- c Al1 '""Maally mall quantity f rain
r raUen-tltUjsjij-jlitg, but,.iiotwithstand
u l't the crops aie iu u'. very llotirish-
on.
Ih' i 1 RiaiH aiSt luiiyout
j.f; Jiead,iimU sufficiently- tall. Ctirn i
p-wiif the year.
Pa
ock.
the' I4th,
ver siiwj at this
we Jnieasnretl ! a ' cotton
I rMryer twelvtf inches in height, which
ft 'MwetyHvo leaves, and several Udd
naisji
cUtp.l?
laf is altoiij; all liamnted, anvlis
fVraiivjlH-tter llhan an
average
F. Mcliinnon of Monticello,
Fla. ; J. Z. Duiilai, ot Cedar Shoals, S. C;
J. S. BiockingtotJ, of Kingstree, S. C,
wars prevented from speaking by sickness.
Mr. Dunlap received the prize, on t!ie
next dav, awarded by a special coiiuuit-
tee. After the speaking was over, Col.
Lcland, a former Professor f Davidson,
presented -the sciety j meihils. These;
were, of the PliiltiinthrofjicSociety : J. W.
Osborne, of Charlotte, Debater's Medal ;
D. II. Hill, jun., Essayist's Medal ; and
H. W'Beall, Deelaimer's Medal. Of the
Fmueneaii Society, B. P. lieid i-eceived
the Debater's Medal;- J. Z. Dnulap, tile
Orator's Medal, ad A. White, juu., the
Declaimei's Medal.
4COMMKXCEMEXT DAY
was ushered in with the prospect of rain.
But siton the clouds were disersed, and
when the Band struck op, a large crowd
apteated, aud the procession moved on
to the chapel, and tilled it to its utmost
canacitv. One alwayn Wonders .where so
inanyiutelligentL well-dressed men, and
so ruanylteautifiij ladies come from.
Afterat)bservailceofnipretlianaOyearit
does not appear! that jthe ladies iave
irrown anv older; no les$ fair and charm
ing in cftmplexlou or , attire. A glance
nrouml the rostrtim displays a striking
tinxr.uis
some expert iu natural ph:loMphy explain
them ; to hear him tell hoKv it is that ice,
when tint into a common ice-house where
water will seldom or ncer freeze, will
seldom or never melt ; how it is that frost
bites worst in low situations, while snow
liesunnielfedlo:igej-tou vtry high; how it is
that the to union scavenger, the buzzard,
can .-t ar around and around tor i ours, w ith
wings ouut retched and iinmoved, seem
ingly exempt from the laviU of pneuiUatics
and of gravitation, &c.
The earth Ueveiy where s irrttunded by
the, air. This invisible ebistie tiutd is a
nitro-ttxygeuous gas, audi! extends, accor
ding to tlie best a ui hoi ties, about lltty
miles from the earth's surface, grow ing
rarer and lighter as the distance upward
increases. Its density, like tltat of; most
other bodies, whether gaseous or solid, is
increased by cold, amlj diminished by
warmth ; ami, as a matter of course, its
specific gravity-is increased r diminished;
pari passu , with its increase or diminu
tion of deusiiy
Why, their, do not those cold strata,
which float thousands ol feet above us,
where hail-stones foi tr, ven in midsum
mer, deslend sut'deniy Jiml iu all il.eir
rigor upon us, ami invite lis to putouour
ri en r-oafs and draw near the tire! The
reason, theologically, is kimplc aui easy,
thus: because the immutable laws of D.f
ity Himself, which, unlike the frail laws
ot men aud nations, but jreplete with the
fullucK of perfection, ca never conflict
one with another, can bi'ver prove to In
I um-oustitutioual, can never lack judicial
wisdom to exMnud or executive aoility
to enforce them ; forbid hat-, they should
so descend.- In this is strikingly manifest
ed, as in all His laws, thejomnicient -goodness
of Creative Wisdom; for were they
Mrmited to settle snddeily down, uninol
litiel,HHiu the face of the earth in tuim
tner, they would irmse the destruct ion of
crops o.' the farmer, and h r -at! deMIation
and fauiino througout he laud. How,
accortling to the laws! of Pneumatic,
Oitivitation, Ac., as taught by work au
Natural Philosophy, sncli cotd heavy stra
ta are always kept buoyed so high, and
snperiiataiit on t.ttmer and lighter airy
has ue ver, to ntyj kuowledge, been fully
expbtinetl, and is a matter tM complex
for tlie scoe of this letter' Its philosoph
ical explanation1, j together with - tin ex
planation of tht various collateral ques
tion that would; aiiie, and some of which
were suggested iu $ previous part of this
letter, would constitute a wholesome nut
for auetores pr6twpresqey to crack. . !
The sun is the; great prime source of
Iiuatf? the eartA iw. the great secondary
soni-ce. It borijnv& its heat from the sun,
ami imparts byjradiatiou, contiict and re
fleclien its heatf fojevery object upon its
surface, or in tljej circumambient air. It
imbibes, ladiaffsj i(mt reflects heat during
the day, and lildiate. or casts out heat
botb by day anil bight. j
In the heat frinithese two great scHirci'is,
the'snn aud thej earth, together with tlie
barometric states; of the air, lies princi
pally, I conceie, the explanation of all
tlit l.e.iomeiut of frosts and sleets, of
fieezing and thJiu ing. of rain and snow,
f winter and sjiiumcr, &c., but not of the
Might of bintsj especially; the buzzard,
which seems, tij dffy without effort the
powers of grajritation. By its vario-is
powtrs, according to its d-gree of expan
ding! or contracting pondorable agents
throughout thej material world, it gives
rise to inlinife numbers of current! in in
finite; uumltersjof : directions throughout
the air, causing, jtvheu at certain degrees,
as indicated byjthe thermometer, vat ions
bodies to evapirate, or assume. a gaseous
tormj while at certain lower tlegrees pro
ducing their condensation, or return to a
solid, jiemisolid, or ltipiid form.
When water is evaporated, it has tmly
as.suiued. i gaseous form, the gas formed be
ing a hytlro-oxV'it'Uons giis. This gas, I
piesiinie, is t!it) most abundant of all the
.i.-sfN, except common air, wnicn is a in-tio-oxygenous
jg;is. When the air (ttitro- j
oxygenous gasi4 heavy laden with hvtlro
oxygenous gas, we sjiv the weather is
tlamp ; and if qoolne.s contleiise this bit
ter gas, at a vijry.great elevation, hail or
snojv will lie lpriiK-d ; if at the elevation
of common cloiid. rain ; ami if at the. sur
face of the earthj frost or dew, according
as tlit degrees jot coolness and atuiospher
ic, iiicssuie mofst: favor the one result or
the other. j f
Atmospheric! pressure is a most potent
agent in its influences over all earthly
bodies, whetlier existing naturally ina
j gaseous, a lir.iiid, or a solid form. Many
b dh-s, solid by nature, when, relieved
from atniosphetic pressure by artificial
means, assume instantly a gaseous form ;
aud on tlie ot iter hand many natural gases,
when subjectiid to sufticieut atmospheric
pleasure by artificial means becouie solid,
iseinisolid, or jiqnitt, respectively.
Frost, ice, had, sleet Mid snow, are no
thing more nor less than solidilied hydro
oxygenous gai. ; They are dd actpiaiut
auce of ours, ijiud whenever we see them
we attribute them solely to the influence
of cold; whereas they are the result of the
combined iuijueiice of Itoth a thermoiue
tric and a bariiineti ic state cd the air. They
may be formed at '12 degriMs of Fahren
heit's thermometer, provided atmospheric
pressure be equal to 14 lbs. to the square
inch; but, if atmospheric pressure be
from auy cauie, reduced, as it always is on
very high situations, si correspom ing re
duction of temperature would be required
lo prod. ice the same result; hence frost
often forms on low lands, and up to a cer
tain level w lire u all above that level is ex
empt. Sleet forms mi high places to the
exclusion of (ow ones, simply because the
former are further removed from the gen
eral level of Hieiearth, which is the great
radiator of lueatl Snow- lies perpetually
on some very high mountains, for the
reason, the temperature being always So
very low as tt indie than counterbalance the
rarefactive effects of a very light sitmos
phere. The air iH al wayscold iu proportion
to its height rj but no one atom of it is ever
still or stationary, with lighter or warmer
atitms belowi it j hence, as the earth is al
ways warming that which is ne. rest to it,
there is always a circulation of atoms from
IteSow upwardsj' ami from above down
wards 'I he cold st i atit referred to in a
pivvions paragraph, are kept in the same
frigid state) by their long remove fioni
the earth, and : the consequent abscence
of heat. j
Ice in tUb commiri icn-hnuso owe its
preservatioji cltieily to high atmospheric
pressuie, a ad the iuterpttsition of noncon
ductors of tjalovic between it and the sur
roiuiding eartli.
!l have ventured to offer the nltove epit
omized explanation to the foregoing phil
oiojdtical fipieklions, exclusive of the
q lestiui o;j the flight of birds, knowing
fi 11 well t!at they are necessjirily very
iijijierfect. j In view of these explanations,
hjtwever, ijwouUl beg leave to suggest
tljiat oichardists plant their fruit-trees on
their highest lands, as bv so doing they
would sea i-ely ever, in this hilly country,
fail of havihg fruit in abundance.
Hoping that the very pertinent ques
tions suggested by your Tuylorsville cor
respondent!, together with such as have
!ecn suggested by myself in the forego
ing letter, may be answered more in de
tail, and by gentlemen abler than myself,
I am, most; respectfully,
i ! ICMITIIVCHMIAGOS.
the Stote, - At tho,- conclasbn. of . encli !
day labor the prisoners ro marched te
wmc juace near by, where they t are pat
iu suctis or oinips ana guarded.
. 'A rilECUXCEIVED PLAX. f " !
The gnartU snsiected the attenmt at
escape, and a full supply of the best arms
and ainmauit ion - waj- sent . trp ' this
mid nct long 'since. The convicU seeni
to have had an idea, despite the uauier.
ons terrible experiences to the contrarvi
that byl making a l61d rnsh they conld
get away from tlie guards. These last
vere unusually Vigilant, and were pre
pared at all times to give good accouut
of any prisoner who should inake aiiati
tempt at escape. One of these gangs is
now stationed at a point about where the?
railway crosses the Moore county line.
Among the prisoners composing it was
A DESPERATE CHAttACTEtt i
by the iianie of Huntly. This man last
year conunitted the crime of horsesteal
ing at VVadesboro, aud fled towaiils this
city. H e was pursued here aud continu
ed his flight to Greene county, where he
was captured. He was immediately take n
back to Wadesboro, and court Iteing in
sessiin, was speedily tried for the tl'eiic,
convicted and sent ti the ienitentiaty.
He w as considered a dcsierate ntran, ami
since he has been iu the gang of premi
ers he has been the master spii it in the
plans for escaite. ! !
A HOLD AXI NOVEL IDEaJ '
The gang each night had to; march
some distance along a road to their camp.
On Tuesday evening, at the close of
work, they were Iteiug carried there, and
when a farm house was reached, ten inch
of tlie gang, led by Huutly, made a sharp
dash right through the yaid. The1 guards
were not taken by surprise, and iii an in-
s;aut
TEX I.EVELEll UIFLES j
vomited leaden death anions the flvinir
men. Eight dropped at the flash. Two
escaped, .not lieing touched by a second
tire which instantly followed the first.
Dashing forward, the guards found four
.Ml badly wounded. Among the latter
was the desperate Huntly. As the con
victs rushed through the yard the ieople
of the farm house were at their vocations.
A woman w as stooping, milking a cow.
One of the gang ran toward her, anil just
as he reached a point ouly a few feet
away, a bullet. pierced his brain and he
FELL DEAD AT II KK KEKT.
She almost fainted from fright, but
was not harmed. The other, convicts of
the gang, made no attempt to fly, aud
it was oiily the ill-fated ten whu took
part in the foolish plan.
Suspension of Messrs. B. R. SiaitU & Co.
Telegrams
were received in this city
yesterday afternoon between 4 and 5
o'clock, announcing the suspension of B.
It. Smith & Co., cotton brokers and com
mission merchants of Xew York. The
firm is com posed "B. li. Smith ex-mayor
of Charlotte, J. M. Smith and Bart S.
Johnson, all Charlotte men aud it may
be imagined that the announcement
created epiite a sensation in the communi
ty, in social as well as business circles.
As yet there are no particulars as to the
assets or liabilities. It is well known in
business circle t that the firm have been
doing a large business as brokers for
parties in the South, dealing in futures.
A private telegram from B. it. Smith to
gentleman here states that the necessity
lor suspension was brought about by t he
failure of parties for whom they were
buying to pa' up the margins on con
tracts, ami assures him that the suspen
sion will only be temporary. The gentle
men it furred to in the above,; who is
familiar with the nature of the business
of the firm, accounts for the failure by
the tact that many of the parties for
whom they do business live in the ex
treme Southern States, thai the margins
were not received in tune to meet the
demands. The moment they fail to pay
the first draft, the fact is made known
ami the uecessity for suspension comes
at once. j
The suspension was a surprise in Char
lotte; the Mini has always been consider
ed very safe and reliable. Business men
generally do not doubt their ability to
payout dollar for dollar; and in any emer
gency Charlotte people will not suffer
as the firms liabilities are entirely with
Northern parties. Charh tte Obtfervcr.
Xo paper in the State lias improved so
much within the past year as the Salis
bury Watchman. We ; opine that its
venerable aud tuo&t excellent editor is
now giving much of his own time to it.
At all events few better papers come to
the Observer office. Charlotte Ubierrer.
VIIkes county 'coiTeindciit Salem
Pret: Mr. Woodruff was at work with
several liands iu liU cornfield, and very
narrowly escaped being swept away-by a
waterspout which fell in bis field, great
ly damaging the land. "Others,: more
fortunate, living ou the waters of Big
Elkin, were only injured by the nncom
nion freshet, cansed by the falling of the
waterspout and the excessive rain.
. WEAnrxcji Apparel Exempt. -State
Treasurer "Worth, replying to an inquiry
front Mr. M. Cronly, tax assessor, for
Viliningtcu township, decides, as, lie
says, with the approval of the Attorney
General, that wearing apparel is exempt
from taxation. Under the machinery net
of the Legislature of 1870-77, this class
of property had to be listed for taxation
along with other property, and this de
cision of the Treasurer, exempting it
now, is worth the attention of assessors
aud others. Charlotte Obxereer.
Of the leading candidates for the pres
idency Grant is 57 year old. Haves 57,
Sherman 50, Conkling5l, nnd Blaine 48.
Ou the Democratic side, Thurmau is Gli,
Tilden Co, Davis Gl, Hendricks 6U Bay
ard 51.
Mr. Ira D. Saukey is restinir at Llan-
Uludno, Wales. He will assist Mr. Moo
dy in a campaign of six months iu St.
I.ouis next wiuter.
TntfL.vxn of Divorces. From In ing
the "land of steady habits," Xew Eng
land is fast becoming the land of divor
ces. Iu the last ID years 7,223 divorces
have been granted, in Massachusetts, and
the number is steadily increasing. In
Rhode Island and Connecticut, according
to late statistic, the divorces are one to
every l(K)of the inhabitants. This is
certainly a bad exhibit for Xew England.
The Xew Orleans Picayune says that
two orthree Mormon"" missionaries, some
say they are from Florida, have Iteen at
work iu Southern Mississippi more than
a year, principally in Jackson county,
preaching Mornionism and making prose
lytes. Ihey have planted a Mormon
church at Three Rivers and one at BlutT
Creek, and one somewhere near Do
River. At Bluir Creek they baptized and
received into the church thirteen in one
day.
The Atlanta Constitution says : Some
nays ago -we printed tne tacts m the case
of one William Spell, who was' arretted
in Cochran tor murdering his wife in
Sampson county, X. C. Spell tit fir6t
denied that he had ever lived iii Sump
son county, but subsequently confessed
not only that he had lived there, but his
wife was, poisoned by his family physi
cian. Tuesday night Spell eloped with
himself and failed to leave behind him a
map of his route.
Two illicit stills, rnn by the llev Al- - :
brrt S.;Eiiioh, a Baptist ntinisterr have , . .. .
been seized by revenue agents in Jack- - - ;
sou couutjr'Al. :The reverettd gentle-r ;
man escaped capture himself by flight. r .'
SixKframsliips which sailed from New f f
York for Europe last week carried "on t" t
ovcr'K) cabin ami a largo mini Iter of .
steeragis passengers. 'jFiver .steamship
were tohave sailed ! from the same Ki t t " ,
Sattirdiy. carrvinir fnll naseu"r Hsts ':' T
-! ' - ... . I 1 . ft!
f Senator Hampton i says ho is opposed ,
to tit tV arner silver bill, and will rot
against it should it ome t: x vote in
the Senjate. He claims to be consis
tent hard-money man," and erfectljr f
n illingf to have - a bi-nietallio currency
whenever n pmper ratio between cold and
silver cau be establishetU . , ,
- -' : I--'-. . !- :: -i j, - - i. tn ... 4r'.-i.
j T)rt jWoitTir Xemt BXDs.--.Raleig!i , U
X. Ci. June 10. T fie treasoreKs:Iias.ie.,
ceivetl his new ImwmIs for fundin the re-'. j.-,
cognizejl debt of this State. It is impor
tant forj all holding these lioudsto pre--14 ''
seut them the State treasurer- for redempi
tion at jns early early a day a ossible, ,
the time being limited. . ; ? t, -. ri
Haxced Pou a Rape. Jesse t)avb a
negro man aged 45 y ars, thick ut t ami a
nearly black, was hanged at SiuiUifiehl ,
yestertliy. .
The rime was committed in the lower
end of Franklin county near the Xash
line, 'i'he prisoner wasarrestecl nnd car- .
riedl liej'oits a magisti-ate. The victim of ,
the ia' was blindfolded and w hen sever- , J
al patties were brought liefore -and re-
quired I t: sjeak to her she identified
Davisby his voice. Raleigh Owvrrfr,14ArFV
I)Kt or Col. TficMs-A. At.Ltsox.-
Died, at the resideuce ofhisson. Dr. Johi
Allison, in tins place, on last Sunday:
afterntion, htb':3. o'clock.Col. Thos. A.
Alli-oir, at the advanced age of 84 years,
o montiis and ti davs. II is funeral was
largely attended the day following froitr
the. Pjesbyterian church, Rev. W. A. .
Wood ortieiating, whose remarks npou
the solemn occasion were a just tlibutit
to the life and character of the deceasecl ,
as a cifizen public tervant of the petiplo
and Christian. We Iiojh3 that soine friend
will supply the press with an extended -not
ieekif the . life, character and pnLlio
services of the deceased, whose history
as one of the most useful citizeus that
Iredel( has produced public services, do-
uiesticT virtues, Christian character
whichi shone so conspicuously in life.""
shonld be recorded after deat!i.?--.Vfflt,e-nc
American.
The Florida Agi'icultnrist desciibes, as
the biggest orange tree iu that State, one
at Fort Harley, near Waldo. Its height
is 17 fecf, circumference at rim top til
feet, circumference of trunk just above
ground 8 feet 5 inches. At a foot from
the ground it branches into four trunks,
measuring respectively JJ7J, 40 and
40 inches .in circumference.' Each ot
these fork from three to five feet above
ground, and again higher up. All are
harc-of small limbs and foilage for many
feet up, except on the outer sides, so that
the interior of the tree presents the np
pea ranee of a huge umbrella.
Caring for Her Mistress.
Tribute ef Respect.
II. & L. Co. Xo. 1.
i toti. iw?ii
.sum; i in, tut.
,4 i .? e .1 . t
a caiieu nieeung, ior ui puiposc to
Hall of Salisi i ky
At
attending the funeral of the Fourth Direc
tor of the coinpany, Mr. John A. Man
ikins, the following preamble and resolu
tions were! unaniaumsly adopted :
Vhcrea4, It has pleasetl Almighty God
t, remoeifroiii earlhone of the members
of our conipany, Mr. John A. Mankins,
; liesohed, That in his death this com
pany has hist ii go al inemlH-r, and the
community a quiet and "Useful citizen,
i Retailed. That a page iu our minute
book be ' incribed to his memory, and
that we w ai-(he usual badge of mourn
ing for thirty Mays.
I lle ltei, Tliat the sincere thanks of
the compajuy Iks tendered those lilien.1
Citizens who aitled tho company in bear-
ng tlie expeuses anenoing mo mckocoo
ml li ne nil ot the deceased uiemoer.
Jiesolred, That a copy of these rescMu-
tions be tarnished the. family ot our de-
oai ted coibrade. and also a copy to the
jtown papers with a request to publish.
K. 3d. Davis, f
T. l. Vaxderford, Committee.
H. C. Skaiiax, )
IIOSflCIDE IX Bl'tiierford Cot'XTr.
A ctnresMUitlent tit Shelby writes the
Observer that William Wilson, aged 45
years, son of Robt. Wilson, of Rutherford
county, was killed last Saturday afternoon
June 14th, at Amos Owen's, on Cherry
mountain, in Rutherford county, by
Watson Grigg, sou of Jack Grigg, of
Cleveland county.. The homicide was
the result of a free tight in which aliout
ten braves participated and in which
rocks, rails and pistols were freely used
under the command of King Alcohol.
Two men bv the name of Hardin and
Powell, began the affray iu which Wil
mmi was slain, and over his corpse on the
following day many drank whiskey,
cursed aud played the fiddle, j Several
received wounds, but only one liuau was
killed in the drunken a ft ray. James
Powell was badly hurt in the head by
fence rails and rocks; William Powell
was cut in the breast and head by locks;
he fired seven shots from his pistol; P.
Hardin, a brother-in-law of the deceased,
was slightly injured.
Wilson was shot in the bead by a pistol
and died in a few minutes. His body
lay neglected and exposed until Sunday
afternoon near the spot where- befell.
Watson Grigg denies the killing and al
leges that he had no pistol iu the tight.
Grigg has not been arrested and it is
thought that he has lied' the State. As
all parties were intoxicated, and three
pisto s were used in the light, it. may be
dillictilt to prove who slew Wilson.
Charlotte Observer.
We were told of a noble instance of de
votion of a colon! woman for her former
mistress. Mrs. Elizabeth Rogers, aged 73
years died yesterday. In antebellum days
she was well-to-do, and owned a number
of slaves; but, as thousands of others,
lost her all by the war. Among thcslaves
were a family of negroes whom Mrs Ro
gers raised as she would her own children,
anil they were very much attached to her.
The ensje of devotion which wat told to
us was one of this family, Laura Mitchell,
who is well known iu our citv as a nurse.
At present she is in the employ of Mr. C.
E. Hoehstiasser, and is a faithful servant.
For 14 long years Laura has supported
her tdd mistress. Her wages rarely I
amounted to more than $10 er mouth,
aud she has always given the whole to
Mrs. Rogers. When in need of money
herself, she would go to the old mistress
and see if she could spare it. The dying
charge of Laura's mother was "care for
old missus," and faithfully she has clone
her duty. Laura employed a girl to wsiit
upon Mrs. Rogers, as she could not do
that duty herself, which there's not a
doubt would have been more than a pleas
ure. At the news of her death, Laura
was overwhelmed with grief, and not, as
would be supposed, glad she had got lid
of an cucumltcruuce. Iu this light she
was never looked upon, but with the teu
derest love a child could possess for a
mother the old lady's wants were admin
istered to by this colored woman. -Xot
only did Laura purchase the colli n and
bear the funeral expenses, but she had a
photographer to go to the house ami take
a photograph ot old mistress. Lqlumbux,
Ga., Enquirer, May2,
Good Summer Schedule on the W. X.
f C. Eailroad. -
On Monday a new schedule went into
ettect fon this road, in ' order to connect
closely with the North Carolina Rail road
at Salisbury, which will add greatly to
the ciftufolt of. the traveler as well us to
the saving of time iu the coining to and
goiug from this point. On Monday the
trains over the Western X. C. Rail react
commenced leaving Swutinanoa Tnuncl
(ou the top of the mountain) at 6 p. in., ,
stopping atTlenry thirty minutes for sup-
per, aud running through to Salisbury in r1
the night, making connection with the
trainigoiug east to Raleigh and Richmond,
arriving iu Raleigh at 12.15 p. iu., and in
Richujond early in the afternoon. Re
turning, the tram will leave Salisbury at
nighi after the arrival of the train from
Raleigh and Richmond (having left the
forinir place ut 3.20 p. in.), stop at Henrys,,
thirty miuutes for breakfast, arriving at
Swaiinauoa Tunnel at 8 a. in., ami reach
ing Asheyille to dinner, giving a day-rido
overjthe stage route. These trains will
make close connection at States villo both
wayt with the trains from Charlotte. The
arrangement places us within twenty
four j hours of Raleigh going east, and
within 22 hours coming west, aud as the
trains make close connection at Goldsbojo
witlr the trains on the W.& W.TiaiLcoaiJ,
we are now in more direct communica
tion jwith the central and eastern portions
of the State than ever before, ami this ar
raiigenniiL.will doubtless ad I greatly to
the travel iu this direction this summer.
Sleeping cars have been placed xoh tho
Western X. C. Road in order to nccom-t
modfite the traveling public this summer,
- Akhtviilc Citizen.
DIED.
In Rowan co-mty, Jane 10th, 1S79, of apoplexy.
Miss Mary Puncy, in the 5tth year ot her site. Miss
Maryswas for many years a consistent meinber or
the Presbyterian cnuivh. "For we know - that. It
our earthly house or .this tabernacle were dlssotred,
we hive a building of Cicxl. a house not made wltU
hands, eternal in the heavens."
On the sirne day aa infant son of II. Ellis and
Sarali S'.ioal. "Surrvr thelittle children to come
unto ne, imJ forbid ttie:n not ; Ipr ot suen I tha
klngjoin of heawu." . J. A. K.
3USINESS LOCAL COLUMN.
I PHOTOGRAPHS.
Cbme without delay. I will close my
Galjery during the month of August. Do
notidelay, as 1 may close a few days be
fore that time. , C. W. C Woolwixk. "
r '
t
CONVICTS SHOT DOWN.
J Attempt I at Escape Foiled by the
Killing1 of onr Prisoners and the
- WouiMiny of Four Others.
I Ralelga Observer t4ta,
A large! number of prisoners are em
ployed inj the work of constructing the
Cape Fear anil Yadkin Valley Railway,
on that porthiiii of the line between the
Gulf iu Chatham county and Greensboro.
These convict1 are for convenience divi
ded into gangs aud arc all guarded; by
men welliarnied with the besrSjiringfield
bmtli-loliding rillcs, furnished by the
Gkttixi; Information-. As a pedestri
an tourist was lately proceeding toward
Tours, he asked a man who was breaking
stones by the roadside how loug it would
take him to reach that place. The man
looked at him without speaking and re
sumed his work. The question was re
peated with the same result, and at; last
the traveler walked ou. He had not pro
ceeded more than a hundred yards w hen
the man called after him, and made a
sign for htm to return. When the pedes
trian reached the stone breaker, the latter
said to him :
It will take vou an honr to reach
1 ours. ,
Then why did yon not tell mo so at
first V aid the traveler.
- 'Why," replied the man, 'it was uec
essarv for me to see at what rate j you
walked ; and from the way you steped
out, 1 am able to say that yoa can dt tlie
distattce in an holr.,, "I
i . i
Judge Kerr is able to be up and rn
walk about.
Sf.xatok Wade Hampton who went to
Xew York last Tuesday to atte nd the fu
neral of a friend, expressed himself very
freely to a Tribune reporter upon politi
cal questions. He said that the South
wants quiet, and does not wish to be: the
victim of the mover in anything that will
create trouble or mistrust; that it does
not care a copper who the next Democra
tic Presidential candidate may be as long
as he is a strong national man ; that he is
personally opposed to the Warner silver
bill, but perfectly willing to have a bi
metalic currency when we can establish
a proper ratio between gold and silver,
and that in his opinion the negro exodus
is a mistake on the part of tlie colored
men. Senator Hampton unquestionably
reflects the sentiments of the Southern
km pie, and his temperate counsels will
do much to neutralize the evil effects tlutt
the stalwarts are seeking to produce.
lialehjh Seas.
IJktteu nnd Xotk Heads, Bill Head.
Cads and Envelopes printed to order
at ifery low rates. Call at this office. '
:5 :c
Received this week at BaerbanmV
Stoic : V hea ten Grits, Oatmeal, Turkish.
Prunes,; Currants, Dates, Candles. . I
hae also received extra fine Bananas,
Orijnge, Lemon, the celebrated ! Lorta
Fisherman Cigarettes, bose Snuff, Fle
Cut Chfcwiug tobacco, etc., etc.
I Call on Bnerbanm !
PAIiSOrti XXCFF. Stm increasing
iu favor; Try it. It is mild and pure.
For sale by ; J. D. Gahkili
PRICE CURRENT,
l Corrected by J. M. Kxox & Co. j
June 12 1879.
firm Middlings,
, low do
- stains
BApoN.tcounty, og round
Better
EcIbs- L
Chickens per doxen.
CotTOTj
Ax Ixlet Closed. Wilmington, X. C
Juns 14. The Star of to-morrow will j Cor. x-ri
eon tain an official announcemeiit of tho j ll4i'-tmoderate demand at
cWiog of Xew Inlet, near the month of Viin At good demand t
Cw Fear river, to-day. A number of F-touiif-bet tarn.
tersons wslketl. dry-tooted across the i sujer.
rock-u'ork from Federal Point to Zeke's Potatoes, Irish t
Island, a distance ot nearly a mile. The 0.iioNj--no demand
closing' of this. 'inlet .is the importaut L4au-f
feature of the bar ami rtver improvement ilf v j
which has been so generously fostered O4TS-4
by the general government for many B4esw;AX
ears past. It is gonerally thonglit here Tli.oW i
'that the success of this work will add j BACKiBERniES
sreatlr to the iwcsmnfy of miming- Arri.EH. dried
ttKI. !
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111
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tl.r,Q(JH
60
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1.00L10:
2.75
80
0
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