North Carolina Newspapers

I f - ' : I 1 1 Ine barolma Watchman. J . I - ffOLXiVpTHIW) SERIES 1 SALISBURY. N. C, SEPTEMBEK 13, 1883. f v" j - . AVW The Carolina Watchman, ESTABLISHED IN THE YEAR 18S2. -iICEj$1.50 IS ADVANCE. CHOLEB A ! pgOF. DARBY'S Prophylactic Fluid. tlowerfiil Antiseptic known. yl pBSyENT TEE CHOLEfcA, The aiort power Anti septic agent which chem istry a an prouucea. Its use either Internal ly or Kxternally renders rail It comes in contact with, wire, tireet and clean . i; nmlunl Inn if rlio . :.,j.b, t nai ih.'hj - -"-- 1 lntk(iu'W by: patient recovers Btfttf.--it!vHTriufAL: When used on Ulcers, "I . - .. . . Ustuvu PulT fc AIM sweetens the pnrts and hdiiicsxciierate romotes the rapid form- .noil au4 "'I t"Huion ot healthy Kl put rot Klesh. viatic ffcolefa, hl h), nowjdevastutlns: S. Kist a adraiiclng feasts; UJC snaaw- w Its exposure In a glck- TrrtoiD KXvkk, cellar. Stable ou- ssaix Pox, Ms' rllles the atmosphere and ow kkvkr. Krysiii-as, dfjves away the sermsof Motion ijer Takpn mternally It U- SfiSlB ume and healthy vigor, fro- contagion 1B,,iu,, ,a KiM thst M. n-. n- o'. W,,esfl i st ion and Dyspepsia. healthy V SllUWlU"" V1P " - cleanness. wiienused as a lotion All tkre dii 1 bn ia-w ,riti 6 it destroys all Freckle and 'W.' ( Blotch-pnKluclng gerins. n .Liro'uitu "'""'4 white and transparent as . ..),,,, iterm Im vlntr the Zrf. ..rii'i. Both of that ol a little chiia. Ihwc rwultil are ar,r.- -l.-.U Kir th 11SP Of Pltlf harhT's prariitH of jt renders all it of Boraclc Aid ana .iu. Bmea : ""Cw-i I with pure and PEOPHWC FLUID. lift n.n i o I i. Space deesmot permit us to name many of the to whlcl i this rtfat (;erm-destroyer Is applica ble. Ask voir Drus'ilst for printed matter descrip tive ofjts itsulnessor address 4 H. ZEILIN & CO., St Chenist, PHILADELPHIA. Mamifacttul W cents. frBottSs. Pint Bottles, $1.00. 9 - ER&TAYLOR HAYKG PURCHASED o STOCK 0 F I . . - - WM..SMITHDEAL, ; 1 1' I - 1 AS WELL ASfTHE INTEREST OF R S. Crawford, of the firm of R.R. CRAWFORD & CO.. V ar now prepared to supply oui XI - I customed with Jl kinds of I iGBICILTURAL IMPLEMENTS, In atftiltiou to the test Selected Stock ot I 11 MID ;V A It E in the A T E. i Weilso handle . i lifle ana Blasting Powder nl sffull linj ot Mining Supplies. 1 We will IllSlf . S. A fc. wpava Any Prices m the State. SEE US. SWi'L TAYLOR 50:ly FOP PCMTT T ihll i The weather f ' Tlu au excellent srarden. corner it i ... II. NKAVK ' "WW :mi Fisher BmI& 42:U I T Destroys I I - the f I - nf Disease r nwi It Purifies the Atmosphere. i ma .r h e I H .1 T ii - & I ukiiown Heroes. We see them and we kiioA (1 mop nklel they theni not So plain in garb and are they : So-slowly is their thaukl it. We lienr not what they And jet for weary months aud years, Without a tnurmur, plaint or cry, Thouftiiids who eat their bread in tears To daily duty pans us by. A sickly mother wan and worn, Bereft of cheerfnlness and light, From long-for rt't and joy is torn, To work from early morn till night. To steal one hour from dreary fate, t Oc falter in the hardest tasks, Would make some home disconsolate, And so bo peace or joy she asks. A little child, faint with its fears A girl, untimely old and graiy A man bent down by weight of years All brarely go their bitter way. We see them and we know them not. So plain in garb aud tnein are they ; So lowly in their thankless lot, We hear not wha they do or say. Heroes unknown thnugh weary years They make no sign of outward cry, But eat their bread with bitter tears And we, in silence, pass them by. The Scfe'eme of Perjury by Which the National Treasury has f been Robbed. The systematic robbery of ex-soldiers and pensioners by claim agent harpies resident iu Washington is more extensive ami far reaching than has generally been supposed. Every day since the first exposure ot the Fitzgerald gang additional facts have come to light illustrative of theswind- ng methods, lhe fee-and-expense- n-advauce system of exhortation ap- pears to Have been the favorite scheme and it was worked for all it was worth. To carry this out most ngeniously worded circulars are sent broadcast among the ex-soldiers, and every inducement is offered to .make some sort of a claim against the gov ernment. Nine out of ten of these casescould not stand a minute's ex- tmination in the Pension Office. It is not an exaggeration to say with the ormer Commissioner of Pensions that one of every five claims which went hrough was fraudulent. Ihis is be ginning to be found out. A Pension Omce omcial saws there is no reasona ble doubt but that more money has een fraudulently abstracted from the Freasury iu one year on false claims than was obtained by the Star route ring in the same time and about which the country has heard so much. A hundred million of dollars in a single year formed a tempting prize to the pensu n agents ring, and oat of it the ring must have got upwards of ten millions, their - particular portion being in fees and expenses. Claims by the hundred and by the housandsare made up in Washing ton and sent ready-made to the tx soldiers for signature and oath. Many men art found teo honest to pciiure hcmselves thus, but the temptation ffercd, several thousand dollars in a lump if the case went through, is too great in most cases to be resisted. The more squeamish are urged by letters and circulars to sign and swear and forward, yjne oi tnesc circulars from N. W. Fitzgearald & Co., dated April 26, 1883, addressed "Friend and Client," says it is some tune since the claim was made up, and urges that it be signed, sworn to and returned immediately. "Millions of money, it says, "have been appropriated, and we can file your claim and secure to you tne benefit of the recent enactment. Another circular says the cases of those who pay their fees in advance will be made special by the de triment. Every effort is ;made to get hold of that fee. This system of wholesale penury is believed to have been carried on. to a greater extent tban has ever yet been stated. The N. Y. irorW.- The Republican party has outlived its mission. It has disposed of all its prominent candi dates. Grant is dead. Hayes is dead. Garfield is dead. Blaine has gone in to literature. Conk I ing has been set aside, so has Brtstow. Windom has failed in the attempt to build up a new Stock Exchange and gone to Eu rop"e. Sherman has been outwitted by Foster. Cameron has, in political parlance, "lost his grip." Colfax died of Credit Mobilier. All all are gone. The "stall fed ox" still eats at the public crib, but torpidity simulates death. The hope that the Republican party may find new issues and still live cannot be realized. However things may seem, no evil thing is a success, and no good thing is a failure. A friend cannot be known in pros perity, and an enemy cannot be hid iu adversity. These two things contradictory as they may seem must go together manly de pendence aud manly independence, man ly reliance aud manly self-reliance. The Republican Party ami the People. Bufislo Courier (Dem.) At tie time since the second election of Gen. Grant has the Republican party enjoyed the confidence of the nation. At no time during these ma ny years has it been supported by a majority of the voters of the country. Five Houses of Representatives have been elected within the last ten years; only in one of these five the Republi cans secured a majority of the mem bers a majority so slender that at one time it was doubtful whether they could organize (he House with out outside help. In one of the two last Presidential elections the Repub lican party was defeated, but by un precedented frauds retai tided" the po sition of power which the people had denied to it. while the last Presiden tial election was carried by wholesale corruption, lhe feeling of a majori ty of the uation toward that party is not merely one of distrust, but it is a feeling of utter disgust. Gold from Peruvian Rivers. . The whole of the Chucamba (Peru) says a correspondent in Iron, for a number of leagues above and below the Temple of the Sun, is auriferous, j and the iuhabitants of the province of 11 name lies, through which it parses, obtain bynvashing the sand, and by means of sheepskins, 200,000 or $300,000 worth of gold annually. The wool on the skin is cut out until , it is about halt an inch in lentrth. ' lhe skins are then anchored down, ; with the wool side up, by means of! loose stones placed on them, iu and i i .i 1 i . . uciwyy me Ntiiiuiis repiup, iu which position they are suffered to remain from 6 to 24 hours. They are then raised carefully out of the water, turn ed wool side downward into a batea (tub) of water, and thoroughly wash ed : the gold falling from the wool of the skin is finally collect from the bottom of the batea. Sheep were uu- j known to the Incas, and as they had j obtained an immense amount of gold from this Pactolean stream, it is pre-! sumed that they used the skins of the . 1 lama, ( Camelus lacina of Lin nauis) and j those of the vicuna ! Camelus peruanus or vicuyna. of Li unpens). The above . will not on r be oi interest to tneen- eral reader, but will also . . O furnish a wrinkle to gold miners similarly situ ated. Manufactories. aj.., AUgii IO.-UUHCH, run c(1 trom pUoiie not icc. Her old time River, Willimantic and Manchester are ' shrewdness seemed to disappear and communities of spinners; Waterbury, in ' j a few months she lost nearly all Connecticut, has been built up by brass; ' that she had spent her life in aeqnir its neighbor, Thomaston, by clocks, and ig. Her properties on Cherry street Meriden by silver plate. Nearly all the ) Weri gradually encumbered' with T If ma 1 . 1J T 11 LV.11 glove product ef the country comes from two little towns iu New York Covers- ville and Johnstown. Lynn is devoted to shoes. Three huudred and thirty fac- toiies, twenty-five churches solid brick ' and stone aud homes of nearly forty 1 thousand people owo their existouco to this industry. Ladies1 Hue shoes are al- ire at- most the only produce of these factories, A walk through the factories shows the most perfect system and the most im- ,.1 - - o - proved machinery. The shoe begins in ( ol the institution with the remark that the basement, and the work is continued she had come to stay. The gatekeep iu the different departmeuts until iu the er was surprised and refused to believe upper story the finished product appeals her statement. "It is true," she said, lhe first step shown the visitor is the and pulling out a card of admission cutting out of the sole, done by dies iu signed by Guardian Chambers she huge power presses. In the next story men at benches are cutting out the up- peis by hand, calfskin not working well iu presses by reason of its unequal thick- aess. Iu the stories above scores of ma - chines, tended some by girls aud others by men, are sewing soles to the uppers, sewing in linings, putting iu eyelets, forming, burnishing, and polishing with almost human intelligence. With such appliances one would suppose that these shrewd manufacturers might capture the world's markets; but I learned that noue of their goods are sent out of the United States, although they go everywhere in it except at home, dealers in the imme diate vicinity ordering their goods in Bos ton. A company of eminent chemists have been analyzing lard tamples before the Chicago Board of Trade with a result not eminently satisfactory. Perfectly pure lard, prepared under a guard, they anal yzed and tested aud looked wise over, and then prounouueed it to be cotten seed oil and tallow. And the samples that were adulterated they united in de claring perfectly pure. In such a case is it proper to jeer at the chemists, or to be enthusiastic over this new feat of prac tical science in finding a substitute for lard that is better than the lard iisslf. A Boston press dispatch informs us that in the Industrial Exposition uow being held there North Carolina makes the best exhibit of any single State outside of Massachusetts. The crowning fortune of a man is to be borne to some pursuit which finds him in employment aud happiness whether if be to make baskets, or broadswords, or caudles, or statues, or songs. A Notorious Chamcler Gone. Death of Emma Jacobs in the Alms 1 loose, After a Long Career of Quilded Splendtr. Philadelphia Time. There died iu the hospital of the almshouse yesterday a woman who was known on the register as "Emma Thompson," but whose career a quar ter of a century ago, under the name of "Emma Jacobs," bad a national notoriety. She was born in Lancas ter county over seventy years ago. Her life in Philadelphia Jegan at an early age aud it was in this city that she started her remarkable career". Her powers of fascination were mar velous, and soma of the most promi uent men in the country vied with each other to win her smile aud favor. The amounts of money she received from these men aggregated thousands of dollars a year. Her beauty it is said . by those who remember her in her best days to have been of a type that com- j pel.eu admiration from all who saw her, and Daniel Webster said of her : "She has the most perfect carriage of any women I have ever seen." She rapidly acquired wealth and built several houses in what is now Bryan's court, a little street running off from Cherry, between Seventh anil Eighth. The houses she rented and by reinvesting the income her means increased until at one time her proper ty was valued at $60,000, a large sum iu those days. The corner house she occupied herself. Here she held court lor gentlemen of leisure as well UM lawyers and men of letters, her house being the resort at times lor some of the brightest intellects in the country. ' ii i-1 ? . ; imo viugress was in session it was her custom to go to Washington and it was there that some of her most re- markable conquest occurred. She is l.i l.i.. , said to have completely fascinated at least one i resident ot the United States and nearly all the leading men in Washington from 1850 to 'GO made her rooms a rendezvous. So great was her influence over the members of Congress that her value as a lobbyist was known to corporations and imii- vidnals, aud many important bills were passed through her instrument- ' ality. Probably the only man who' ever won her affections was a preacher nanteu xiiouiuson. a Virmmnn. w mm ' . . . ' she married. Thompson afterwards lost his reason and was placed in the insane ward of the almshouse, where! he died three years ago. Previous to this event Mrs. Thompson's charms began to fade and she had diumiMnr- 1 . ... . . ' mortgages and, finally losing them, s)e became absolutely in want. Du- ! ring Thompson's incarceration in the madhouse his wife visited him nearly every visiting day, constantly supply- ing him delicacies. Her face was well known to the officials of the in- . . Ktitution and she was supposed to be worth considerable money. I On the 28lh day of November 1881 she presented herself at the tratewav handed it to the man and burst into ' tears. She left enough money to nay ' for her funeral expenses and will be W mf S j buried by William S. Moore, proba , bly on Thursday. Instead of offering a harbor of refuge to the oppressed of all nations this country is just now placed in the attitude of refusing justice to those who are within its jurisdiction. Twenty-four Chinamen, now on board a vessel in tins port, who complain ! . t I I ! of ill-treatment, are refused the priv ileffe of landing to seek redress in our courts. For the., credit of the country we trust that it may be shown that our laws will not bear such a construction. A. Y. Tribune. Man cannot dream himself into a noble character, he must achieve it by diligent effort. Let friendship creep gently to a height ; if it rush to it, it may soon run itstlf out of breath. To enjoy a good thing exclusively is very often to exclude yourself from the true enjoyment of it. Men are born with two eyes, but with one tongue, in order that they should see twice as much as they say. The pleasantcst things in the world are pleasant thoughts, and the greatest art in life is to have as many of them as possible. It has been found that copper exists in all plauta and especially in wheat. It doss ust, therefore, prove that bread is ' adulterated because traces of eoper are detected iu it, North Carolina's Precious Stones. Aheville Citizen. We have just been shown a lot of jewel stone's, by Dr. C. D. Smith, which he has collected iu the counties west ef the Bfase Ridge. He has had them hand somely and tastefully cut by an experi enced lapidary in Philadelphia. Amongst them are nine beautiful and richly color ed garnets, the largest of which weigh forty -two grains. There are twe naie thysts, of rare richness iu color, three grfen qnartx found only iu Macon. We have been particularly struck with the subdued beauty of two stones, of a -honey colored chalcedony. The is also a beryl ot great purity aad brilliancy. Bat that which is the most attractive in the whole lot are eleven sapphires of different shades of color and design in the form ef cut ting. Amongst them are two rubies, gen- uine oriental rubies, of light shade but great brilliancy. The lapidary who cut whole lot says in a letter to Dr Smith : "The sapphires are about the host I have cut of stones found in this couutry." Hcalth Alphabet. 1 ho Ladies' Sanitary association, of London, gives the following simple rules for keepiug health, which we fiud copied in the Sanitarian : A s soon as yon are up shake blanket and sheet ; B etter bo without shoes than sit with wet feet ; C hildren, if healthy, are active, not still; D amp beds and damp cloths will both make you ill T n f wlmt'l - miil nltrora iliatv rone 4'.wl well; F :reshen the air iu the house where you n lwr11 G arments must uever be made too tight; 11 omes should be healthy airy aad light; I-f wel1' ns ou Do doubt, jut open tbo windows before do I've yon go out; K ecp the rooms always tidy and clean; L et dust on the furniture nerer be seen ; M uch Hluess is caused by the want of pure air, N ow, to opeu the windows be ever your care ; O Id rags and old rubbish should never be kept ; - P-eople should see that their floors are well swept ; Q aick movements iu children are heal "S"l T .......... i.,... t- 1 ZZL "UK "nu " S es that the cistern brim; is clean to the T U ake eare that your dress is all tidr and trim ; se your nose to find if there be a bad dram ; V cry sad are the fevers that come in its train ; VV alk as much as you can without feel ing fatigue ; X erxes could walk full many a leange. Y our health is your wealth, which your wisdom must keep ; Z eal will help a good cause, and the good you will reap. t " m .m English millionaires are buyi j "I Vacant lantl in the West at a ' raP rate Sir Edward Reed, M. P., I ow,,s ."OU,JUO acres ; the Duke ot 1 c . . i . ..! .. .. . i Afr Ann . f l t . ,B,,l,i wv,vw , uimvunnioic j 10,000, and Lord Dunraven, G0-, 00- Lo,uloQ syndicates have also maae uirS purcnas.es. And sun tney It is announced that Lord Queensbury is negotiating for an ex tensive tract of land in Texas. Jour nal Observer. Among the lower races the belief that the world was created by animals is id most universal, but there is a great va riety of belief as to what the animal was. Iu West Africa, spiders srs supposed to be the makers of the world ; the North American Indians ascribe the work to ravens, coyotes or dogs ; the Australians to crows and cockatoes. A man's ruling passion is the key to his character. . Love, like charity, covers a maltitmh of faults. If you count the sunny and cloudy days of the whole vear vou will fiud that the w v sunny ones predominate. The grave is a verry small hillock, but we can see further from it than from the highest mountain in all the world. Speaking much is a sign of vanity, for he that is lavish iu words is a nig gard in deed. When you fret and fume at the ietty ills of life, remember that the wheels which go rouud without creaking last lougest. Let us have faith that right makes might, aud in that faith let us to the end dare to do our duty as ws understand it. It is not until we have passed through the furnace that we are made to know how much dross there is in oar composi tion. The hope of onr national perpetoity rests npon the individual freedom which shall forever keep up the circuit ef per petual change. We do not have great trials aud sharp agonies and heroic worksto do every day. It is very small strokes that make the diamond shine. 1 ,000,000 POUNDS OF ....... - i DRIED FED IT KLUTTZ & RENDLEMAN'S! They have just received a new supply of SUMMER GOODS, which they offer very cheap, with a full assortment of Dry Goods, Notions, ClothinS, Furnishing Goods, Their Stock of Family Groceries is large and complete. They still have the best Flour, Oat Meal. Heats, Sugars, Teas, Coffee?, Rice, Meal, Bran, Shorts. New Orleans Molasses, Syrups, Pure Lard &c. A full assortment of Family Medicines. FRUIT JARS cheap and all kinds. Table and Glassware, A Good Stock. btill have a plenty of Five Cents Tinware. sell, tor we will do vou good. July 4th, 1883. School Rooks Full Stock, lowest price?. Writing Paper, Pens and Pencils. Envelops, Visiting Cards. Seaside Novels and Monroe's Library. Blank Books, Gold Pens. Autograph and Photograph Albums. Wall Paper, Toilet Articles, Perfumery. Fine Toilet Soap, Combs and Brushes. Bathing Gloves and Towels. Plated Ware FINE CIGARS, FRENCH CAN DIES A SPECIALTY, TROPICA L FRUITS IN SEA SON, PICTURES 4L PICTURE FRAMES, TOYS, DOLLS, VASES AND T O 1L ET SKTS. AND BANJOS. VIOLINS. GUITARS AND BANJO STUINGS. THEO.BVERBAViH, 44 SALISBL'ltY, U. C. ly A Great Water- Power FOR SALE ! The most extraordinary unimproved Water Power on the Yadkin River is for sale at low figures. It i9 situate at the head of the Narrows in Stanly county, 8 miles frbm Albemarle, the county scat ; 13 miles from Gold Hill, and about 28 miles from Salisbury. It is one mile from the publk highway leading to Salisbury, from which road it is easily accessible down to the water's edge. The peculiar feature of this property is that it is a natural stone dam which "makes about a six foot head of available water. The dam runs at an angle of about 20 or 25 deg. up the river nearly all the way across, gradually diminishing . . . . . . i ......,.... in neigllt as it approaencs me shore. A race of 400 feet in length will add trom 12 to 14 additional feet of head, mak ing the grand pewer of 18 or 20. There is any quantity of building stone and slate of excellent quality, on the premises, easily transported by water. This excellent power may be used for GRIST AND FLOURING MILLS, COTTON & WOOLEN FACTORIES, REDUCTION MILL FORSULPIIU- RETED ORES. C - ii SHU. It is conveniently near the mines "f . the following described tract of land, sit Montgoniery, Stanly, parts of Cabarrns, uated inPranklin towtuhip in Rowan coun- Bowan and Davidson Counties to make it a custom mill, lor t lie reduction oi ores. With the great advantage of being in the centre of the mining districts named alove. The ores within easy reach could not be worked out in a century. This water power with 10 acres attached is offerred at $2,500. with the option of 100 acres at $800. The lands are valua M. fi.r fannin" ruriMscs; the situation healthy, the society gd, and rhurclt and school advantages very good. Persons wishing further information may address "Watchman," Salisbury, or Mr. J. R. Lit- tleton, Albemarle. N. C. Map of place furnished on application. ?3:tf. ADD BERRIES AT n? '.r-vte' i I Agents for Coats' Spool Cotto ICome and see us before you boy o W. W. Taylor, c I). J.Bostiak, f5 esmcn. J. R. KEE3ST. Salisbury, N. C. Apt for PRINIX IRON WORKS, Engines, Boilers, Saw Mills, TURBINE WHEELS Also, Contractor and Builder. Ja 45. 83. ljr THAIS, TIF COil t Onr Steel ConstanUy EfptaiM UNDER THE FIRM NAME OP via nm:n & raoRdtiv. Wm. J. Plum mrr. long known & the bei Hume and Saddle Maker whoever did basis new in Salisbury, -present C4.niplinjent to old friends and patrons with an invitations to call and see Id nresent atm-b ..r Harness, Saddle. Collar, Ac. lie warrants salisfaetion lo every purchaser of Ni Meek, and also his repair work. Rait a !,... ..' good article will admit of. Gall and m PLUMMER & MORGAN. KOSTETTEiiv Fitters In fever ami ague districts, in tropical an-! othvr reeiona yisilel by Fidt-iuic, m..; ......... in an juruiiucs wut-re lhe CO ions arc unfavorable to health, thi-t Ml f - .(.gic luTigursni ana am raiui Hos tetter's Stomach Bitters ha brn found a potent safeguard even V f..; contitutions and fragile frames, wh 1 s a care for indigestion, biliousness hi, . fcii--dred complaints, it Is Without a riv,! ot sale by all Druggists and Di alcr generally. EALTNCORSET lacrosses la popnUrtt every 4 v, as ladieafiad U the most COlFOrTABLt AX prnm-r rvrnra cor' t rvr wen. Mtr dkaata y !tg1v-thebt satii.'u'.llc i of aj?y ccrvel th'y r-,. Wrrf.rt-d "adtir-r er fr.oacy rc- J. D.GA&XLL 01:17, SalW4mrv, N. C. I7:tf ADMINISTRATOR'S SALE of LAND! In pursuance of a judgment of the Supe rior Court of Rowan county, in t he-special proceeding of James P. Trexler and C. W. Stewart, administrator of D. A. Mi tier, vs. Nancy Miller and others, heirs at-law of the stud D. A. Miller, wv will seH at public out cry to the highest ladder, at thcCoutt-houso door in Salisbury, On Monday, the 10th of September, 1823, iv, iieing mm au. , ju i oc ui vision oi ids lands of Jehu Foster, Sr., and being the lot assigned to Laura C. Foster, and by her conveyed to D. A. Miller, by deed dated 4th day of January. 18SL and duly reuj. tered in Book 62, page ;?;rP. R. office ot Rowan county, containing One Hundred and Forty-three acres, more or less. TERMS of Sale : One-third cash, one third . t I - A XT.. . .1... J'.. ! . . in six month-, and tne balance in twe nioths. Title retained until the purchase money is paid, and interest charged upon deferred payments at the rate of eight per gent, per annum. J jAs. P. Trkxi.kr & C. W: Stkwart. I Adtn ra Dated AugVt .9th, 18S3.-4;i:4t re KbmCWE Z3a BavfLw59VTv f : i m m I I 'I I 1 : ii - t 1 i I.