fhjnCarolinB Watchman.
VOL XXI.--THIRD SERIES.
SALISBURY, N. C. THURSDAY, JANUARY 9, 1890; HO. 12.
Vl.
rowD
Absolutely Pare.
thus sowder novnr varies. A mrvel:t purity
strentjili.and wiiolesomeness, M-'e economical
than the ordinary kinds, and crjioyue sold lu
compotlHon with the rnultlUM-i ofow test, short
weight", alum or phosphate powai'S. Sold onlj in
cans. UOTAL IUking I'owdek C-.106-Wall at. N
y r J
For sale by BrnghanvA Co! Young &Bos-tian.ad-d
N. J. Murphy. ,
"The 0!rraken Bucket,
The Jroabound Bucket.
ss-covereu nucKet,
Is very lik(l
One that has conveyed pol-
aon.s to '
tem intst some oiu weu.
WlNlWJ Wl
lrom .we
soil.- To
ve become contaminated
or percolations from the
these poisons from tho
system and
ourself a spell of malarial.
typhn
livtt,
rphoid1 or
lever, ana to keep tho
Jungs in a healthy and
use Dr. Pierce's Golden
It urouHcs all' the ex-
kuliitf
tlgrorous
Hedical D:
crttory o:
into activity, thereby cleans-
ing and pu
ng the system, freeing it from
all mann
iood-poisons, no matter from
wnat caui
y have arisen. All diseases
oriiriBat
t a torpid or aeranflfetr liver,
blood, yield to its wonderful
or from Ini
curative proi
acta and bow
rties. It reirulates the etotn-
els, promotes the appetite and
digestion, and curis Dysixpsia, Liver Com
plaint," and Chronic Diarrhea. Salfc-rheum,
Tetter, Eczema, Erysipelas; Scrofulous Sores
oA Swellings, Enlarged Glands and Tumors
disapnnr under its UMkv
- "Goldgn' Medical Discovery" ia-the only
Wood ua-J liver medicine, sold "by drugje-iets,
under a positive guarantee of its bene
fiting or curing in every case, or money oaid
for it will be promptly returned.
Copyright, 1388, by Woeld'S Pis. Med. ASSH.
D. A. ATWELL'S
, HARD WARE STORE,
V litre a !'uH line of goods m liia line, may
always be found.
P H. THOMPSON a GO.
MANUKACTUnEKS,
Sash, Doors, Blinds, 4orY
Scroll Sawing, Wood Turning,
AND CASTINGS OF ALL KINDS.
-DEALERS IX-
Steam Engines and Boilers. Steam and
. Water Pipe,
Steam FlttingF,8h;iftiiig, pilky Hangers.
.ALSO j
Macliinery of nil kinds repaired on
SHORT NOTICE. "
Mar.U,'6S. ' ly
foe-Suloby JNO. H. BHNISS, Druggist.
ER
J. ne m.
Andersonville and Other War-Prisons.
Jefferson Davis in Belford a Magazine.
Some eminent citizens of the North
wjio were furthest removed from -the
class known as "Southern svmrwitbiV-
ers miring the war between the States, Georgia. He
nut. Win
iwnnv me wnoie tai, invested in pi
biir.n, nave rerniested me to write nn hnf nomiio nnrl
...I.; jx r. . i
aiucie, to appear m some nprJrviioal
nnKi;li ;,. iu ii .v T-T1
f 7i on tne subject
L inPn?on.Jlt. Anderson ville. Geor-
1 " I l!i,iiiif i i . I
JL 111 IV LH I. liTin 1 O O i- -vl UaI U I
lit...!."- 111 1 . , I
ti-ifc. - r . , v. y .
uuiciL ana Tne n hlPP r nn K I
uuoun ,rnm a wish to vindicate the plantation produced. Thus probably which there is no appealing, was pre
comiuet ofthe tonfederac and le- arose the report that he had sent pro- nared solely for the consideration of
CaUSe tiie nrorOSi1 'linnol ic l,rt. I
... ... io i urn .
wmui wni most; assuredly reach those
miiu iue generally seen nit, nnn
p i i,' ,. . - i
.vMBwrawm,
viviii.ibiou n its Progress has niit.i.
gated the rigors of war amnnorpnliorht-
. 1 .T"-- ' v
. - v.av
cutm uuuuns, anu most prominent of
these humane manifestations is the in-
truuucuou oi cartels for the exchange
and parole of prisoners.
.uaiiy m tne war the ronfpriprnev
l. .-.I.- I - " i. - I
sougnt and ohttaned the adoption of
i t mi, ' - i
-v... v.... lv,. , uj wiuim, now,auawnvu
was violated will in the course cf this
xi tide ue snow n, as a part of the sub-
ecr. or ine Andersonville prison.
W hen the United States authorities
reiu.MXi to Tnihii tlieir obhsrahnns to
. I 1 1 - . , , . 11
l!On 1,1 1 1 IIP r, IP r Y.P t n . rrt r..,l Z I
i 1-1 , I
orisons. t!ie ranilicv of nortbm
ives.iMpiijlv accumulafed lievonl the
capacny of the prions at Richmond.
and also beyond the abilitv'of the com-
missanst to supply them. Tn the ab-
sence of any prospect 'of relief from
these enitjarrassments the r.-nioval of
.i . - r
i r-
lie pi isouers ooeanie nofarv
A l.ir -re part of the food for onrlthe answer a gentleman was not
irmy m V irgmia was drawn frmi the
more southern and southwestern States,
in
tie means of tranportntion were
muted an
di
minisiiing
Tib
p'ace to
which the prisoners should
1
e
removed
an to tie cn-sen ana
pn parec
1. An-
ierson ville. Georgia, was selected, after
a careiui mve aianon, lor the toliow-
J i i i n .i ,,
reasons: It was in a hiy;h pine
woods region, in a productive farming
country, had never been devastated by
the enemv, was well watered, and near
to America:?, a central depot for col
lecting th. tax in kind, and purchasing J
provisions for oar armies. The climate
wa mild, and. according to the best
informatian. th;re was in the water
acd 'ui'ce of the local!!
no
recog-
nizaMe source ot a s
IS'
hstru
A sfodcnde was c
ted of di-
meusions in"! anted to the nnnuer or
hi
prisoners who might, nrohahly be con-
fined ihe.'
1
is on a hill overlook-
inc the valley of the Sweet Water a
tributary of which stream flowed
through the prison inclosure. For a
tull description illustrated by a map,
j i1 i i l 1 i '
reference is made to tne exnausnve
k entitled, " TRe Southern Side; or
Auderr o aville Prison, by R. K. bte-
ven-?on. ivi. i.. surgeon or aim
ti r vv ri r l
tary
Prison Hospit.nl, etc.
Persistance- by the. United States in
Ihe refusal to observe the cartel caused
so large an increase in tne numoer or
, . ..i i -
the captnreil sent to Andei-sonville as
to exceed the accommodation provided,
ind thus to augment the discomfort
and disease consequent on their con
finement. It has been offensively
sked, why was mt the contingency
provided for? To answer which I
answer that a selfish policy, which for
an indefinite time would leave in cap -
tivifv their countrymen, who at the
call of their government, had volun- The want of transportation and the whom he was personally known, di
ikJ in fifrl, Um bfitthw; ninrknd a insuffieiencv of ffuards produced occa- reeted to report for dutv to Gen. Win-
v,:v;i v.vi .vy uui iu ..v.v-., ....... --.
degree of cold-blooded insensibility
which we had not anticipated.
Without entering into
details, the
difficulties encountered in
the care of I
the large, and, in thelatter part of the thousand, who ere too ill for transpor- ers during the War," p. 187 and fol
war, ever-increasing number of prison- tation. Gen. Winder had, in the mean- lowing, in the letter from Gen. lmbo
ers may be briefly enumerated thus: time, recommended that agents sohuld den, written in 1870, and from which
1. The exceptionally inhuman actor
e North, declaring medicines to be
the
contraband, to which there is but one,
. m a
if indeed there be one, other example in
modern war.
2. The insufficient means of trans
portation and the m ire inadequate
means of repairing railroads and ma
chinery, so that, as the war continued,
l.h insnfticieiiev became more embar-
Hissing.
3. The numerical inferiority of our
armv made-it necessary tnat an avail -
able force should be at the front; there-
fore the uuards for orisons were main-
Iv composed of old men and bovs, and
Unt a epnntv .i nwnncp of thpse.
4. The medical officers were not more Confederate army at the beginning of Col. Co ndu rant s report on the An
than were required with the troops, the war, and in the battle of Manassas dersonville prison, taken in connection
ami, contract phy-inais disliked the
prison service, among other reasons,
.. . . .
naturally, because of the impossibility
of getting the proper medicines.
Our accomplished and diligent Snr-
creon-Gen'eral did much to supply this
want by sulrstitutes extracted from the
Ubints and trees of the South: but
these, thpugh possibly as good, would,
like other substitutes, be less conh-
dence-inspiring.
R Thp f ood was different from that
3. The food was different from that sician, Vr. Joseph Jones, or new ur
v.hich most of the prisoners had leans, was, in August, 1804, ordered to
n accustomed, particularly in the inspect and report on Andersonville
tov
lpp
ik- mm: nip .i melwl of wheat tiour.
" 'I r ' -
Of the latter
ISO t, to get
t was not possible, in
an adequate, supply at
Andersonville.
It was not , starvation, as has been
alleged, but acclimation, uiisuitable.diet
- m k S V I i
and despondency which were the potent
tgents of disease find death. These it
vas not in our power to remove. The
remed v
ly was with those who, unlike
King I Javidouiiuencel their laments
tion after the end had come. The I
remedy demanded alike by humanity
" I
and good faith was the honest execu-
tion of the cartel.
W hen it was decided to locate a prison
at Anderson vi He, General Howell Cobb
wa? in Command Of the district of
was a man of large capi-
anting and farming,
ltd n 1 '1 1 riimnii. on tvmnl, I
i r ..
w wwi aiwiB
r,r . .T'.-
believe that it the prisoners within his
command had been suffering for want
aI - -,.a-v- 1 -v iifM, I J I I - J A I I
a 1 I ill . .
orr:it.iiitnn v arith ciiPh qi4i ac oc K.o I
... 1 . . . .. I
'j "nwn wtivin cui uig
v5irno tn fkQ nMs.niK. nrA It- ,,...., I
..j.v..., TO u.j jjiiwum, nnu n. iHoim-
bly got wider circulation as confirma-
tion Of the Rt.:irvatinn thpnrr
-" j i
oiacements irom crentiemen of hi'h
Standing and who cneak disint.prpst.wl v I
of what thev know, are submitted ns
r3 7 I- w -.v . w. v. i t I
1 -- mmmm www I
conclusive on the Question of ouantitv
of food at Andersonville prisou.
It is not only requisite that enough
of some kind of food should be furnish-
eu: ic is neeutu that the nower to use
1 i tn til... . ' I
and assimilate it should exist Of this
. . .. . . . . r:
uivrv pei sun a i experience, uunug
the first year of my imprisonment at
r orcress Monroe L was reduced to little
more than a skeleton under the need-
less privations inflicted bv that heart-I
css vulgarian, LSrevet-lieneral JNelson
1 . -M I
A. Miles. He was, at the time of mv
. -w-w ... .. -
A ft'ltlPQ Ho of thft timp F nm I
imprisonment, selected to supersede
Colonel Joseph Roberts, an educated
soldier, whose regiment had been the
garrison of Fortress Monroe in the lat-
ter part of the war. Why wasiihis of-
hcer deemed competent to command
fche post in war, but not in peace? My
, . - . . i
acauailltailCe With both would Sllf?c?est
- i , i i i
suited to the cruel purposes of M.
btanton, then becretary of War.
Let us now consider the laws and
orders in relations to prisons, and how
I 1.1 j ; i it i
were aunuuisieiea. ureuerai ionu
H. WTindsor was graduated at the
United Military Academy in 1820, and,
with a brief interval, served in the
U. S. .Ar ny until he reijri el in 1861
During the war with Mexico he was
distinguished bv "gallantry in battle.
for which he was "twice brevetted. His
character and his lineage precluded the
supposition of cruelty to
the
defence
Provost
less. He was, for a time
the
Marshal of Richmond, and supervisor
ot prisons thereabout, rlis conduct in
these positions was in keeping with his
reputation, that of a man neither bum-
111 It 1 ll 1 ll 'l ll l
oie to ine nangury nor naugritv to tne
the humble. When the great body of
the prisoners were sent to Georgia and
tne Uaroiinas ireii'-rai winder was or-
dered there to exercise a general super-
vision: he was selected, among other
reasons, because of confidence in his
kindness to prisoners, as specifically
stated by James A. Seddon, then Sec re-
tary of War: Jefferson Davis: S. Coop-
er, Adjutant-General, who had leerj a
cadet with General Winder; and George
W Brent. On pp. 205-8 "Southern
Historical Papers," the full text will be
found from which these extracts
were
made.
uenerai Winder arrived at Andenon-
ville on June 17, 1804, and found gan-
grene and scurvy existing, and on the
20th of that month recommended that
the prisoners should be removed as soon
as possible to other posts. He received
orders to remove the prisoners to Mil
l.en and other points suitable for their
safety and health as soon as the neces-
sarv arrangements could be made
j r - - r-
sional delays in the removal of prison-
oners; but on the last ot beptember
the number had been reduced from
twenty or thirtv thousand to about five
be employed to procure vegetaoies;
these and all other suggestions for the
comfort of the prisoners were sanction -
ed by the executive department at
Richmond.
Much more might be added, hut the
foregoing is believed to be enough to
refute the charges made against Geu-
era! Winder of cruelty to prisoners
Let us now consider the conduct
of
tue uuuappy viiaiui. vciptaiu urniy
11 . 1 . . 1 IJ....MH
Wnz, and the proceedings by which he
1 a cuuuciuuru ami caccum.-u. nwu
such information as I possess he was a
native of Switzerland, was a physician,
and practising his profession in West-
em LiOuisiana in tool : ne entereu tne
his arm was broken, so. that he remain-
ed a cripple permanently. General
TIT- 1 I I t i 'i: A
winner, wno nan opportunities to
know him while employed at the Libby
prison in Itichmond, selectei him tor
superintendent of the prison at Ander-
sonvilie. , ..,
w hether his conduct there lustihed
the selection let the testimony of coin-
petent, unimpeachable witnesses deter-
mine. Ihe eminent scientist and phy-
sician, Dr. Joseph Jonf. of New Or-
I r ' . m Xlf
prison. In the prosecution or wirz
garbled extracts were read to criminate
the officers in charge. Dr. Jones has
published his tull report, so as "to place
all the facts before the public, who
have already had access to certain se-
lected fmts" After discussing the
physical ana patuoiogicai causes oi tne
fatality at Andersonville, he wrote, as
J published, to nen. u. n. nm, on jan-
nary 17, 1S7G
' -- -- . IbMMH I im .
" Tn nmnrAan wi'tK tha ,i;h-,,n
Dr. Samuel Preston Moore formprlv
V Vl I M Ibll Vll Ull VVViUJl W L
Sourgeon - General, C. S. A., I instituted,
dnrinff themonths of Anoamt and Son-
tern her.' 18fU. a serins of in vPshWfcmns
ou the diseases of the Federal prisoners
confined in f!mn Snmbr Ar.dpron.
ville, 6a.
"In pistice to myself, as well as to
HHRC most utfariy couiiecieu witu mis
U.. - n . , , . . i. . I i J II"
iniwunnaB, i wouu: respectituiy can
the attention of Col. Chipman, Judge
Advocate, U. S. A., to the fact that the
11 1 .1 1 1
uicncc t'U nie ueiuiiiius ui a puwer iruiu
A . U.. J r r'.
a., a rt 1 TO A j '
bim oui -itHm-ureiierai, i. o. a., ana was
designed to promote the cause of hu-
ntunif ! on1 ar1trinin
iiKiiiiu) , uiin nv auTiuivc iiic lutcicnia ui
f.hm Pn nmW nn
"On M..,i,9l 18ft1 Jt ,nQ o,.oll
ii XfJ-CI ML 1U 1. I L' ? l fcJ I niLlv-U
Wthn nnnrfr0 nf th f!ni.fa,iar.ifa
VJ UIIV W I - J J W A. VIIV ' VlllLMlitUL
ISiatM of AmortPA thnt. thp r:it.inn
furnished prisoners of war shall be the
same in quantity and quality as those
furnished enlisted men in the army of
. i
thp nnfidpj.iAv
j
"According to General Orders, No
iou, Adjutant ana inspector uenerai s
Office, 'Hospitals for prisoners of war
are placed on the same footing as other
Confederate States hospitals, in all
resiwds. and will be m:in;icpd ftce.ord
Itnsrlv.
' "The Federal
prisoners were remov-
ed to Southwestern Georciain the early
part of 1804. not onlv to secure a place
ot confinement more remote from
Richmond and other larse towns, from
the operations of the United States
forces, but also 'to secure a more abun-
dant and easy supyly of food.
- ----
"As tsir sis mv PvnpnpnwpTb'nr s nn
person who had been reared on wheat
bread, and who was held in captivity
for any length of time, could retain his
health and escape either senrvv or diar
rh'cea, if confined to the Confederate
ration (issued to the soldier in the field
and hospital) of unbolted corn meal
and bacon. 1 he large armies ot the
Confederacy suffered more than once
from scurvy, and as the war progress-
eu, secondary nemorrnage ana nospitai
gangrene became fearfully prevalent
from the deteriorated condition ot the
systems of the troops, dependent upon
tue prolonged use ot salt meat. And
but fdr the extra supplies received from
home and from the various State be
nevolent institutions, scurvy and diar-
rhoen and dysentery would
have been
still further prevalent
.,! 11 11 1 1
"a similar statement lias neon made
by Dr. Austin Flint, Jr., in bis recent
work on the 'Physiology of Man.
" It was clearly demonstrated in my
report that diarrhoea, dysentery, scurvy
and hospital gangrene were the dis-
eases which caused the mortality at
Andersonville. And it was still fur
ther shown that this mortality was re
ferable in no appreciable degree to
either the character of the soil, or wa
ters, or the conditions of climate
"The effects of salt meats and fari
naceous food, without vegetables, were
manifest in the great prevalence ot
------
scurvy. I he scoroutic condition, tnus
induced, modi bed the course ot every
disease, poisoned every wound, how
ever slight, and lay at the foundation of
those obstinate and exhaustive diar
rhoeas and dysenteries which swept off
thousands of these unfortunate men
Gen. I. D. Imboden,
being
or the
time incapacitated for actual service,
was, in the autumn ot lool, on the
recommendation of Gen. R. E. Lee,
to
- -, j
der, whose headquarters were then at
Columbia, S. C
In the "Southern Historical Papers,"
volume on the "treatment ot rnson-
the following extracts are ouereu.
" I jow proceed to give you a simpl
j historical narrative of facts, within my
personal knowledge, that 1 believe
have never been published, although at
the request of Judge Robt. Ould,of this
city, who was Confederate Commis-
sioner for the Exchange of Prisoners,
I wrote them in loob, and turntshed
the MS. to a reporter of the :sew ork
1 II ... . 1 I l..f f of.i f mai i r nuvur 'in.
ixxiaiti. uui hic owikmhu. 'r
Ipeared in that journal, tor tne reason
assign y tn- ipui id, .. v..
ductorTj of the Herald deemed the time
inopportune for such publicati n. My
MS. was retained by them, and I
have
never nearu oi it since.
with written -applications tium vipu
YVijrz, which I had received suggesting
: : e Ll ..IC J ... . lia
measures ior tue ;iiiieiiui.iumi m n.c
condition ot the prisoners, strong en-
dorsed and approved uy oi. vjiuus, .u
old United States Army officer, a culti-
vatea. uroane aim uum.i Hc..cu,c..,
commanding tne post, iiume it app.u
ent to my mind that 1 ought to make
a persoual examination into its condi
tion. ! At the time
of my inspection there was a good deal
of sick among the prisoners, but not a
large percentage of mortality. Our
medical officers, even with their scanty
pharmacopoeia, gave equal attention to
sick friends and enemies, to guard and
to prisoners alike. M;id as
was the physical condition of the pris
oners, their mental depression was
worse, and perhaps more fatal. Thou
sands of them eoHected around me in
the prison, and begged me to tell them
whether there Was any hope of release
by au exchange of prisoners. Some
a,, SSSSBB
time before that, President Davis had
permitted three of the Andersonville
prisoners to go to Washington to try
and change the determination of their
government and procure a resumption
of exchanges. The prisoners knew of
the failure of this mission when I was
at Andersonville, and the effect was to
plunge the great majority of them into
the deepest melancholy, home-sickness
and despondency. They believed their
confinement would continue until the
end of the war, and many of them
looked upon that as a period so indefi
nite and remote that tbey believed that
they would die of their sufferings be
fore the day of release came. .'
I have already ulluded to Capt. Wire's
recommendation to put up more shel
ter. I ordered it, and thereafter, daily,
a hundred or more prisoners were pa
roled and set to work in a neighboring
forest. In the course of a fortnight
comfortable log houses, with floors and
good chimneys for which the prison
ers made and burnt the brick were
erected for twelve or fifteen hundred
men, and were occupied by those in
fee!ble health, who were withdrawn
from the mass of prisoners. This same
man (Captain Wire), who was tried
and hung as a murderer, warmly urged
the establishment of a tannery a shoe
makers shop, informing me that there
were many men among the prisoners
skilled in these trades, and that some
of them knew a process of very rapidly
converting hides into tolerably good
leather. There were thousands of hides
at Andersonville, from the young cat
tle butchered during the previous sum
mer and fall, whilst the country yet
contained such animals.
A few weeks later many of the bare
footed prisoners were supplied with
rough, but comfortable shoes.
Another suggestion came from the
medical staff of the post, that I ordered
to be at once put into practice: it was
to brew corn beer for those suffering
from scorbutic taint. The corn meal
or even whole corn beiug scalded in
hot water and a mash made of it, a lit
tle yeast was added to promote fermen
tation, and in a few days a sharp, acid
beverage was produced, by no means
unpalatable, and very wholesome.
Captain Wire entered Warmly into this
enterprise. I mention these facts to
snow that he was not the monster he
was afterwards represented to be, when
his blood was called for by infuriate
fanaticism. I would have proved these
facts if I had been permitted to testify
on his trial, after 1 was summoned be
fore the court by the United States,and
have substantiated them by the records
of the prison and of my own head
quarters. My personal ac
quaintance with Captain Wire was
very slight, but the facts I have al
luded to satisfied me that he was a hu
mane man, and was selected as a vie
tim to the bloody Moloch of 1805
The Federal government re
l ii in
mannng dear to an appeals tor ex
change of prisoners, it was manifested
that the incarceration of their captured
soldiers could no longer be of any pos
sible advantage to us, since to relieve
their sufferings that government would
take no step, if it involved a similar
release of our men in their hands. In
deed it was manifest that they looked
upon it as an advantage to them and
an injury to us to have their prisoners
in our hands to eat our little remain
ing substance. In view of these facte
and considerations, Generals Cobb and
Pillow and I were of one mind, that
the best thing that could be done was,
without further efforts, to get instruc
tions from Richmond, to make ar
rangements to send off all the prison
ers we had at Eufala and Anderson
ville to the nearest accessible Federal
post, and having paroledthem not to
bear arms until regularly exchanged,
to deliver them unconditionally, simply
taking a receipt on descriptive rolls of
men thus turned over.
Finding that prisoners could be tent
from Andersonville by rail to the Chat
tahoochee, thence down that river to
Florida, near Quincy, and From Quin
ey by rail to Jacksonville, within a
day's march to St. Augustine, it was
resolved to open communication with
the-Federal commander at -the latter
place. With that view, somewhere
about the middle of March, Captain
Rutherford, an intelligent and energet
ic officer, was sent to St. Augustine.
A few days after his departure for
Florida, he telegraphed from Jackson
ville, 'Send on the prisoners.' He had,
as he subsequently reported, arranged
with the Federal authorities to receive
them. At once all were ordered to be
sent forward who were able to bear the
journey. Three days cooked rations
were prepared, and so beneficial to
health was the revival of the spirits of
these men by the pro-pect of once more
being at liberty, that I believe all but
twelve or fifteen reported themselves
ble to ?o. and did go. The number
sent was over six thousand. Only
enough officers and men of the guard
went along to keep the prisoners to
gether, preserve rder, and facilitate
their transportation, lo my amaze
ment the officer commanding the escort,
telegraphed back from Jacksonville
that the Federal commandant at St.
Augustine refused to receive and re-
ceipt for the prisoners until
he could
hear from General Grant, who
.... i t
was
then in front of i'etersourg. Va
and
wjth whom he to ild only communicate
by sea along the eoat. and asking my
instructions under the cire?i instances,
The real cud- of tho pro
traded sufferings of the prisoners,
North and South, is directly due to the
inhuman refusal of the Federal gov
ernment to exchange prisoners of war,
a policy that we see, from the facts
herein stated, was carried so far as to
induce n commanding officer at St.
Augustine to refuse even to receive
and acknowledge that he had received,
over six thousand men of his own side,
tendered to him unconditionally, from
that prison in the South which,
above all others, they charged to have
been the scene' of unusual suffering."
Confirmatory of this are the follow
ing resolutions, adopted at Savannah,
on September 23d, 1864, by the prison
ers who had been sent from Anaerson
vilie, as elsewhere described. (See
"Historical Society Papers," volume on
"Treatment of Prisoners during the
War," pp. 184, 185.)
"Resolved, That while allowing the
Confederate government all due praise
for the attention paid to the prisoners.
numbers of our men are consigned to
car y gravetc. -
" HcxmrP.fl- I hat. 1p?i thmiennrl nf nnr
, or inreriors with arrogance. Speak as
brave comrades have descended into kito a daj UboreVas to one oc
untimely graves, caused by difference eunving a hiirh position.
ot climate, food, etc. And whereas
u.uicumes nu remain, we wouiu
noo nm nut hem lio hut fhnf n r Lam tir I
v , i i k L VUL 1U UI VllCl Ullll' till ltw vv TJ
W i i i
are speedily exchanged we have no
other alternative but to share the same
lamentable fate of our comrades;
Must this thing still go on? Is there
no hope?
"Resolved, We have suf
fered patiently, and are still willing to
suffer, if by so doing we can benefit
the country; but we most respectfully
beg leave to say, that we are not wil
ling to suffer to further the ends of
any party or clique, to the detriment
of our families and our country.
L&igned, J " P. Bradley,
Chairman of Committee in behalf of
Prisoners."
Who so shall reject their declara
tion, and insist, despite this and all
other competent evidence, that the la-
menrpn dpaths wprp the result of 1On-
federate erueltv. must be ffiven over to
- " I
. .. . - 1 I
believe a calumnv
in Spnfpnihpr 1 RftJ. thp nrUnnoN
PTPPnt. jihot fivp tbnnsnnd not. siblp to
bear transportation, were removed from
. 1
Andersonville, and it virtually ceased
to be a post for the reception of prison
ers.
Keep
Keep to the right as the law di
rects.
Keep from the world thy friends de
fects.
Keep all thy thoughts
themes.
Keep from thine eyes
beams.
Keep true thy deed;
on
purest
motes and
thy honor
bright.
Keen firm thv faith in
God and
right.
Keep free from every sin and stain
Keep from the ways that bring thee
pain.
Keep free thy tongue from words of
ill.
..... i
Kepn nffht thv aim and good thv
r - o J
will.
Keep all thy acts from passion free
Keep strong in hope, no envy see
Keep watchful care o'er tongue and
hand.
Keep firm thy feet, by justice stand
Keeep true thy word, a sacred thing
Keep from the snares the tempters
i
bring.
Keep faith with
e;
ach
you
call
a
friend.
Keep full in view the final end.
Keep firm thy courage bold
strong.
and
Keen un the right and down the
g- -
wrong.
KeeD well the words of wisdom's
school.
Keep warm by night, by day keep
cool.
- -
Saleratus Baths.
Wrhen a patient is suffering from
fever, the skin is hot and dry a saleratus
h:itb is often found to give at least
v
temporary' relief. The bath can be
given to the patient in the bed, with
out removing the bed clothes, or his
-
own clothing.
Have the water as hot as it can be
borne with saleratus dissolved in it, in
, , , i
the proportion of perhaps one-half cup
to a quart of water.
Wet a sponge in
this, and then
squeeze it so dry that there will be no
a . . . .
and hands first, and dry them instant-
- , , r.
IV with a sort towei. men, putting
..i jj 1 ' I ' I 11
your own hand and arm beneath the
oeuciotuex, hum mkjm mF u.f,t-i..
keeD the clothes from the sponge, and
li.ii i, i ,i a Unnt n ia i 1 1 1 tc-1 1 if a ta
at the same time, push buck the night
I . a . ft Kbi
dress or undershirt of the patient
so that with the other hand you can
n:i the warm, damn sponge over his
j. ... . , & i
bodv.
fake a limited surface each time
and dry it quickly, Iwfore attempting
the next. All this is done beneath the
bedclothes so that no air can gel in to
chill the body. Push up the sleeves
o n L biit.be the arms in the same
wav.
It is slow and careful work, but not
difficult, and the relief and comfort af-
j forded, even if not permanent, w
pay the effort These baths n
given once a day, or in sumo at I
will re-
may be
i
qtorn
- lag and at niglit.
Good Manners.
Be rude to none; rudeness harms not
even the humblest and poorest to whom
it is directed, but it injures ihe exhibi
tors. Never urge another to do anything
against his desire, unless you see dan
ger before him.
L Always give precedence to elders,
visitors and superiors. Offer them the
best seat at the table, the best place by
the fire, and the first of everything.
Go farther than mere form and see
that they are comfortable and happy.
Be not ostentatious in dress or de
partment; nothing can be more vulgar.
See that costumes fitrthe time and oc
casion.
Never try to outshine but to please.
Do not ask another to do what ton
would not be glad to do nnder similar
circumstances. - i, ife
Do not make witticisms at the ex
pense of others which you would not
wish to have made upon yourselves.
places or un the
-Never talk or laugh aloud in public
Never treat superiors with servility
m ... r .
ever neediessly wound the vanity
of RUother or dilate unnecessarily up0n
. . ...
disagreeable subjects.
Isever intrude ill health, pains, loses
-Ml
or mistort unes.
Never omit to perform a kind act
when it can be done with any reason
able amount of exertion.
Never unavoidably wound the feel
ings of a human being.
Never forget that vulgarity has its
origin in ignorance or selfishness.
Remember that good manners are
thoughts filled with kindness and
refinement, and then translated iuto
good behavior. Good Hottsekeeptng.
What a Woman Afire Should Do.
A girl or woman who meets-with
this accident (of setting fire to her
clothing) should immediately lie down
on the floor, and so anyone who goes
to her assistance should instantly, it
. . . ,, m
sne 811,1 De erect, mane ner iwuowg, or
I'll I . -J. 1-- 1 1" J
it neettiui. turow i er uowii in a nun-
zontal position and keep ner in id
In i a 1 Jfl .1
parus ny upward, anu names iwm
Ignition from below mounts with fear
ful rapidity, and, as a result well
known to experts, the fatality of dis
figurement in these lamentable cases
is due to the burns inflicted about the
body, neck, face and head; and not to
injuries of the lower limbs. Now,he
......
very moment that the person whose
clothes are on fire is In a horizontal
position on a flat surface the flames
. . . .... . . . , i "
will still ascend, but only the air ana
not the flames encircles their victim.
Time is thus gained for further action,
and in such a crisis in a fightagainst
fire a few seconds are precious, nay
priceless. Once in the prone position
tne persn afflicted may crawl to the
bell pull or to a door, so-as to clutch
at one Or open the other to obtain
help. The draught from an open
door into the room would serve to
blow the flames, still crawling, the
sufferer may be able to secure a rug or
table-cloth, or other articles at hand,
to smother any remaining flames.
Occupation.
Man must have occupation or be
i m i 1 1 ' - 1
mis.'nioie. ion is tne price ot siero
and appetite, of health and enjoyment.
The verv necessity which overcomes
0'ur natural sloth is a blessing. The
whole world does not contain even a
brier or thorn which nature could
have spared. We are happier with the
jsterlity which we can overcome bv
industry than we could have been with
spontaneous plenty and unbounded
profusion. The body and mind are
improved by the toil that fatigues them.
The toil is a thousand times rewarded
bv the pleasure which it bestows. Its
e,ii0vments are peculiar. No wealth
i . . . .
can purchase them, ne indolence can
taste them. They flow only from ex
ertions which repay the laborer.
Un fermented wine can be kept at
home at small expense. Put half a
pound of raisins (stoned) into a tea
pot. Add the peel, thinly pared off,
of a large lemon, and the fruitalso, re-
moving all the white -coating anu pips.
Pour over the raisins and lemon three
pints of boiling water, .and let the tea
. . - - a.
i not remain on top oi a cookihk
Mk wheQ
; r . t: i
Let every vounz man know that
h n? jteMpted to pen anything
.-.. ; . t
it-nil. i rofimrn
him to disgune his
i,annrjtlW he is in fearful danger.
I T a
v,rtl jii vour owll nature bv such
pPeceuure m0re than! you can danger
i ...
OQe pj.se.
J . .
I . .a
wnd game tastes best to the man
wbo must hunt for it. The hunter
I rr(K, :.nnetite before he gets bis
dinner.
Sav:d From Ccnsnmpticn
Sevrral phvsicmna predicted tlut Mr,
Asa B. Kowley, uru;gi!t, i wicapo,
would aoon have cousaniption caused by
an aa'Tcvated "case f Catarrbi Cnst-'
mc i -iin:dlv iaduf-ed him to trjir' Clahke s
Ext a act ok Flax (Papiuon) Catakkh
Cuke. 11 u pays: . 1 te result was uiipiH
'ecileidcil. I conimenecd to got well after
'thcrst -appla ;ftin arid am now, altrr a
"few weeks, ent fatly rurrd. ' It will htlio
same for yHi PrU-e $1.00. Try Clarke's
Flax Soap fr the ktn and you will nso
r.o other.' 35 cents. All of Clarke's reme
dies &k tot sale by Ju, U. nbtik.
-
I
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