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yoIi ii FOURTH SERIES
IV ' : y: : ; F ; 1 S ' " sausbury, N. Ci thorscai; Jnwi9;i89i. . ; ! F' i' : : ,
J '
Casvria is if r samuei j.-itcner-
and Children. 1 It contains neither Opium, Morpoine nor
other Narcotip substance. It is a harmless snbstitate
for Paregoric, fIrops, Soothing: Synips, and Castor Oil.
It is Pleasant. 'its guarantee is thirty years' se by
HiUions of 3Iothers. Castoria is the Children's Panacea
the Mother's Friend. f 1
4
Castoria.
i ' i
'Ctorlalso well adapted tochfldreiTthat
I recommend it as superior to any prescription
known to me." H. A. Arckb, M. D
111 So. Oxford St.,! rooklyii, N. Y. '
i "The use of 'Owtoria'i Is so unfrersal and
"its incrits so well known thai iBeems a work
of supererogation to endorset. Few are -the
,'nt'Ui(?ei)t families who do nt keep Castoria
fAthla easy reach." j ; ; . ',
. Carlos JLuittm, IX D.,
' '. ''""' Kew York Oty.
Thjc Ckntadr Cow
Washington Lettch
' - i i i f
Oorrespondence of the Watchman.
Washington, D. C.j July 17 1894.
- ipresident,CIeveland4nl his cabinet
dre almost swamped v,tn telegrams
from every section 0$ the couTitr3'
.congratulating them (pi the courage
flod promptness -with which .they
have' brought order ottof chaos and
prevented what at on time looked
'ike it might: be a revolution, and
volunteering aid to- aiy imaginable
extent, in both mettad money. The
President, and his advisers believe
tha worst is, over, tjut they none
the ess Ur proud of he confidence
:repc sed in them by rCongress and
the people and will j pntinue their
efforts to deserve thatc6nfcdence. '
' It ii Speaker Richardson, now, if
you ;please. Representative , Richard
son of Tenn., having been elected
Speaker pro. tern, of tba House dur
the absence of - Speaker Crisp, who
has been called to Georgia by the
erlous ijlness bf his brjother.
I . Theldemocrats pf th tariflconferr
eiice committee have heW daily meet-
1 ingstfiis week, and the air is lull of
rumors each contradictory of the
otlier as to what thfy haye done.
These rumors are .nothing more
than guesses a members of the con-
leriJCC wll; havb Jidthing to say
riatil fbey report! to their respective
V Houses, f-". .. !'
Ilqd the situation nt been entirely
too grave, and ; impprtant to be
laughed at the silly talk of Messrs
Hayes, McGuire iond, jPrencht mem
bers of the Executive! committee of
the rCniffhte ol
Laborf
whoare in
Washington this; weeR, about begin
: liing ' impeachnjent proceedings
against. Attorney General Olney ber
; cause of the arrest 'hi Debsy would
" havjj been Regarded asfa good joke.
: t is it merely jgavetbe intelligent
pU:ean opportpnityjto gauge the
caliber o'e roe whocontrola oce
. . 4 jjni)uential organiza
powerful an. " 1 , .
' . . N HSQ they are mak
,: tion can stand. tuL J
in6fit. j ' j. ; ; : '
' , Senator Daniel,1 of ViVgiia' in ad
diticn to being a statefs righiL"' dem-j-qerat
of the staurichcsCsort is knovvn
5, among lawyers as an authority up
on Constitutional law His resolu-
tion (offered as a substitute to the
, semi -anarchist resolution offered
: by Senator Peffer, of Kans., and
', supported by the" populist Senator
in c ne of the I most dutrageous
speeches5 ever made in' the Senate in
: whi :h the abolition of Congress and
the transfer of authority to a coni
, mit ;et composed f one member from
" eaqh tate was advocated), endors
. ing President Clevelaiid and his ad-
ImiriisUation for the! prompt and
Rigorous measures -taken ; to rc-
i pulse and repress by! fmUitary . force
the interference of lawless men with
the due process of the jaws of the U.
S.'knd with commerce among the
States" and declaring, that 4,the ac
tion of- the President; and his ad
ministration has the.; :jfull sympathy
aq support of thei law abiding
masses of the people 'df the U. S,, and
wil
be supported ,by all departments
of ihe gouernmentjind by the pow
and resources of Ihe entire na-
?liojn' would have ben immediately
prescription xor xnrants ,
I Castoria.
Castoria cures Colic, Constipation,
Soar Stomach, Diarrhoea, Eraciation,
Kills Worms, cives sleep, and promotes di
' gestton,'
Without in jurious medication.
"For several years I hare recommended
your ' Castoria,' and shall always .continue U
do so as it has invariably produced beneflcia
resulta." I - "
i Ed win F. Pardee, JL Jk,
125th Street and 7th Av' Kew York City '
ast, 77 Mumat Sntrrr, New York City
adopted by a nearly unanimous vote
of the Senate as it was the next day
only Peffer voting against ft had
noMSenator Galljnger, of N. H., for
some unexplained reason caused it
to go over a day under the rules by
objecting to a' vote "thereon and re
fusing to with draw the objection
although he was begged to do so by
his republican colleagues. Speaking
of the situation. Senator Daniel said:
"I am alstates rights democrat, and
would be the lastjman to stand idly
by and sec the authority of the state
encroached upon, but I fail to see
anything here that encroaches upon
the authority of the State of Illinois
in anjr way. The President is act
ing entirely within the lines of jthe
constitution, and his actipn is to be
commended by all Jaw abiding citi
zens, regardless of their political
prediction or partisan feeling.
This is the way the situation looks
to Senator Davis, of' Minn., the Re
publican whp.se raking, down of
Peffer will not soon fee forgotten: "I
have looked into this, matter as a
lawyevand my judgment is that the
President has gone about this busi
neSs as a lawyer. He has Consider
ed his ground, become acquinted
wih his authority and then gone in
to exercise them fn a rigbtepus cause
and for! the good of the general
public. He has not- exceeded his au
thority one whit; on the contrary,
he has not as yet exhausted it. If
the federal troops are not sufficient
for this emergency the state militia
is at bis command Tf?? President
can swear the militia of the various
states into the service of the United
States,. and then send them to
Chicago or'any other point where
their mobilization 1 may . become
necessary. The constitution is broad
enough in this case, and the Presi
dent is intrenched upon it."
Two 8ides to the Strike.
- Jt ought to be written upon the
door of every American home
1. That every man shall have the
fight" to work when it pleases him to
do so. "
2. That every man shall have the
right to quit work when he so elects
to do.
The State Governments should
give speedy protection to these two
classes when their rights are in
vaded.
More than twenty years ago we
saw on Fayetteville street, Raleigh,
a gang of negro masons who had
quit work had struck intimidate
and forcibly prevent another set of
negro masons from taking the ya
cated places. This was a great out
rage, and every fellow ought to
have been severely punished tor tnis
high-handed act if the laws of the
State are for such crimes against hu
rightsand liberty. tWe never heard
that the black bulUdoers were ever
punished, i, .
Intimidating, threatening, mainv
ing, killing workingmen for working
must be stopped in this, land of the
free and of equal laws, at least in
theory.
Gen. Gordon, of Georgia, who is
Comraanderrin-chief of the ponfeder-
ate Veterans J in 4 recent intetview,
gave this sound opinion, j k ;
,.'My sympathyf is land al wa; rs has
been strongly enlisted for the abor
ing classes. jTher iave j as rnuch
right to" orgjani?! for their protec
tion and impi-ovefnentas capital has
for its proteptiori and interest, but
moh lawi! mbb' jrnle; and mo vio
lence cannot! be i tolerated in this
country, lit 3mu?t be put dovn at
any cost or the Government cannot
last." ;fj VU y I ',.
There the distinction is drawn well
and soundly.f Lef all trades organ
ize for it is! theiri right to dpi this:
but let them never- organize fair out
rage, for oppression,
for turbulence,
for anarchy, j There is a wide deep
gulf between hesel i i I
in
Suppose the picture is reversed.
Let the cither side be represented.
Suppose all the l rich men in the
North - should combine to i force
laborers to ' work j fori them at their
own prices; r Suppose them to hire
mercenary soldiery to back tnem
with ball; and bayonet to cpmpell
the toilers Id sere them inf their
various mills and manufactories.
Would not every man see at once
the enormity of such an offence the
oppression land wrong of such a
demonstration of "money the out
rage upon humanity and the very
name of citizenship and a free? coun
try ? Would -not tjiejStates aft take
a hand in I such 'deviltry and put
down an attempt at tyranny such
an fnfraction of Jaw ? Of course
they would, and the men oi sense
and character everywhere jcvould
unite in j condemnation of the
iniquity.: j j' ; , j
If labor! cojnbines by boycott or
any other liaiproper process to com
pel capi tal to em pipy ; them alt their
own terms tsjit; right? Has capital
no rights jipifour Country ? s not
sauce for; the: goose also sauce for
the gander? Can l it be any I more
right, any more just, any more more
legal, any more humane and consid
erate for labor to combine to oppress
and ruin labor ? Tfjjpok at it, fellow
countrymen, and see whither we are
tending. fie just and fear God.
The Workingrae's I Political Club
of Jacksonville telegraph Dictator
Debs, whp lpst his head his senses
n the turmoil that'they sympathize
with him in trying: to better the con
dition of 'the strikers, but censured
the burning, etc ffThey, however,
exonerated Debs abd his aiders and
abettors from all ; responsibility in
the burning. J Would all this jracket
and wild destruction of property and
immense ; loss to ihe country by
stopping i jthel channels of business
have occurred if this Dictator had
not undertaken a greater jolji than
he could Hcompletel?il His methods
. ; . i r -sis i i
were unsound and he failed.
This country is a fJOyernmentlstrict
ly of law. When; the laws are
violated j they mjijst be enforced
against all offenders.
It is not 'commendable, perhaps, in
the Pullman company to refuse all
measures of peace proposed because
they see the United; States Govern
ment enforcing law with armed sol
diery. A more generous spirit Would
no doubt Contribute to healing the
wounds, restoring; confidence and
securing for them triibreof the respect
and sympathy of thp country. f
Debs playing fthe part of Sovereign
came very near precipitating k very
bloody conflict, hen he talked
glibly of a revolution he showed his
incapacity foil; the place he holds and
brought himself within the pur
view of law as a dangerous enemy
and stirrer nb of strife. After the
noise and turbulence iave quieted
down you will see a movement
probably to make a radical change
in the requirements of American citi
zenship. Bvery! native born Ameri
can has tci live her for twenty-one
years before he is Adeemed qualified
to exercises safely the right of elective
franchise. Can a Turk or Italian or
Hungarian drpole land here, coming
directly from a land of bayonefs and
in a few , months spH learn the great
principles bf a free government, and
be so enlightened jis to understand
the vast responsibilities of self-gov
ernment as to be qualified tp help
make laws for the natives, who had
to go to school for twenty-one! years
before being I invented with? such
responsibility X and i power? j There
will be also, ehanges, we doubt not,
as to who may cPine from foreign
! lands. Probably jno one will be
allowed to come who does no come
properly accredited cither, irom his
own government r the American
Ambassador in that country Wil
mington Messenger X
Fresldent Act Vmier Law,
So far as' we know ex-President
Harrison is correct in sayuig that
never before in the history of
our country has the President order
ed Federal troops into a State with
out request of the Governor of such
State and over his protest. It is to
be hoped that this will never occur
again. It all comes from the grave
mistake1 made by the framers the
Constitution in giving the carrying
of the private correspondence of a
free people to the Federal govern
ment. There will be great danger
found right there whenever the man
on horseback comes riding iiTthe
middle of the road, as he will come,
we do not doubt soon or late. This
Republic is but little lQOTy ears old
and we see what has been done.
When the government was invested
with the power over the mails it
carried with it power to enable it to
make good its undertaking.
Mr. Harrison does not question
the President's right to do as he has
done. He could not so question. In
1871, a Republican Congress exacted
a law that invested the President
with power to dp as he has done.
It was enacted J20th of April, 1871,
(see section 5,297.) On 29th of July,
1891, another section, (5,298) was
passed, Democrats helping to do it,
clothing the President with the
amplest power. The former section
provides that "whenever, by reason
of unlawful obstructions, combina
tions, Or assemblages of persons, or
rebellion against the authority of
the government of the United States,
it shall become impracticable, in the
judgment of the President, to enforce,
by the ordinary course of judicial
proceedings, the laws of the United
States within any State or Terri
tory, it shall be lawful for the Presi
dent to call forth the militia of any
or all the States, and to employ such
parts of the land and naval forces of
the United States as he may deem
necessary to enforce the faithful exe
cution of the laws of the United
States, or to suppress such rebellion,
in whatever State or Territory there
of the laws of United States may be
forcibly opposed, or the execution
thereof forcibly obstructed."
The section of 1891 provided that
that "whenever insurrection, domes
tic violence, unlawful combinations,
or conspiracies in any State so ob
structs or hinders the execution of
the laws thereof, and of the United
States, as to deprive any portion or
class of the people of such State of
any of the rights, privileges, or im
munities, or protection, named in the
C onstitution and secured by the
laws for the protection of such
rights, privileges or immunities, and
the constituted authorities of such
State are unable to protect, or, from
any cause, fail in or refuse protection
of the people in such rights, such
facts shall be deemed a denial by
such State of the equal protection of
the laws to which they are entitled
the Constitution of the United
States," then the President may
lawfully intervene, "and it shall be
his duty, to take such measures by
the employment of the militia or the
employment of the land and naval
forces of the Uuited States, or of
either, or by other means, as he may
deem necessary, for the suppression
of such insurrection, domestic vio
lence or combinations."
So the Congress has given all pow
er to the President to go into the
States with the army and in the face
of State protest and act as above
indicated. President Cleveland act
ed under the law, and deserves just
that much of praise and no more
than attaches to an official when he
discharges his "duty," for the law
above makes it Vhisduty" to use the
army, if the occasion demands. This
is certainly a striking exemplifica
tion of the steady trend in the legis
lation of our country towards cen
tralized power, The President has
both power and obligation to do as
he has done. No one can censure
him for doing his duty.
If the laws are bad and dangerous
and savor of a strong government,
and are inimical to States sovereign
ty, they ought to be wiped out when
the country and men see things in
the white light of truth and safety.
That our readers may see how
these laws are regarded as a triumph
of the Strong Government idea we
quote from a leading New York pa-,
per, the Reader. It says:
"It is the largest and broadest as
sertion of the supremacy of the
federal government and laws over
every inch of territory in the United
States, regardless of State lines.
that has been made since the war.
"It is right, because it puts ;the au
thpritative foot of a great 'precedent
firmly down in anew field of labor !
controversy and contention, and de
clares once more) the glorious bid
doctrine of Lincoln and Grant and
the Republican party 'This is a na
tion.' . ' ; j
"And that is why it is all the bet
ter that it is done by a Democratic
administration.' I : !
How any sane, sensible, informed
American can favor the diminution
pf State power and the increase of
Federal power is beyond; us. We
hold and believe that the perpetuity
of free institutions, the cbnservation
of personal liberty depend upon the
unyiciaing maintenance of State
Sovereignty. While Ireland is fight
ing bravely for locjal self-government
the States of the American Union are
surrendering that fundamental prin
ciple and chief safe-guard to the all
grasping power of the Federal Crea
ture, set up and formed and made a
power by themselves. Beware of
the trend to Neutralization. Wil
mlngton Messenger.
The Righteous Tax.
It is class legislation to make every
body with an income of $4,000 pay
on it? If so, them New York, North
Carolina and other States are guilt
ty of class legislation for they levy a
tax on incomes, and North Carolina
upon incomes above $1,000. As to
its being inquisitorial, it is not more
so than all other taxes. The truth
is men opposing with such bald ar
guments are hard up. We notice
people in New York are writing
about the infamous dodges perpe
trated in that State by the rich who
pay scarcely upon one-fourth they
have.
The income tax is just, righteous,
fair and necessary. The country
needs every dollar of it, and no
man will pay upon what he has not
got. Mark that, s A New York man
writes to the World:
"It it were left to me to decide on
an income tax I would make jt as
follows: On incomes from $5,000
to $10t000, 1 per cent.; $10,000 to
$20,000, 2 per cent.; $20,000 to
$30,000, 3 per cent.; $30,000 to
$4,000, 4 per cent.; $40,000 to $50,
000, 5 per cent.; $50,000 to $100,
000, 10 per cent.; 100,000 to $200,
000, 20 per cent.; on all over $200,
000,25 percent."!
Why begin at $5,000? Senator
Vest proposes to begin at $3,000.
That is certainly not too low. A
poor man must pay upon his little
home with $300. Why shall not a
man pay on $3,000 of money receiv
ed upon investments? The World
stands bravely by an income tax,
but unwisely insists upon starting
with $5,000. ' !
Another New Yorker says in the
World, oyer his own signature;
"If the Lexow committee will in
vastigate the assessments of bur
trusts and corporations it Jwill dis
cover the source of the corruption of
funds used by Tammany in its elec
tion campaigns. Assessing the rich
at a low valuation and the poor jor
middle class at a high valuation has
more to do with making the rich
richer and the poorer than any other
single cause."
Unequal taxation is unjust taxa
tion. Under the McKmley law low
grade goods are taxed very; much
higher than fine goods. That puts
the heavy tax on the laboring class
and the light tax on the rich. Above
we see this vile rule obtains in the
New York State taxes. It is wrong,
it is iniquitous.1 The rich should
willingly pay upon their riches. The
nnnr are forced to oav upon their
r a.
poverty. The poor will gladly pay
a big tax on the wealth if it is hand
ed over to them. I The World Jis ex
actly right in saying this: ,
"The hardship is in not having an
income large enough to tax not in
paying a trifle Upon super-abund
ance. 1
The real victims of class legisla
tion ever since the close of the war
have been the great mass otj poor
people, who are taxed in tneir pover
ty upon their necessaries.
nnrincr the war there was created
Ma j,
a vast and intricate system of taxa
tion which of necessity took tribute
from everybody.
When the war ended one after an
other of the taxs on wealth and
1Turv were repealed. ; t The
revenue duties on ! tea and coffee
were removed, but beyond this no
00 oivon to the poor. Indeed
the tariff taxes were raised repeated
lyand steadily until the McKinley
Highest of all in Leavening PowerLatest U. S. Gov't Report '
I biU exceeded thc average of the high-
est war tariff.
The whole burden of national tax
ation rests upon consumption. And
as the amount of necessaries requir
ed to sustain existence is nearly the
same for poor and rich, the result is
a great inequality of taxation. Men
pay not according to their ability to
pay, or to the benefits which they
receive from; the Government, but by
an arbitrary process that oppresses
the many for the advantage of ,the
few."
We believe every syllable of that
statement to be true. In 1870. the
able Seator Sherman was strong for
an income itax, as we have many
times shown from his speech, he
holding it was the one, safe way of
"equalizing the burdens between the
rich and the poor." What was true
in 1870 is surely true in 189i, for
the burdens are farjnbre unequal
now than theyjwefe then. Sherman
said on the 22d of June 1870:
"Here we have in New. York Mr.
Astor with ; an income of millions
derived from real estate, accumulat
ed year after year by the mere family
pride of accumulation, and we have
alongside of him a poor man receiv
ing $1,000 a year. What is the dis
crimination Of the law in that case?
altogether against the poor
man. w v isyerything that he
consumes we tax, and yet we are
afraid to touch the income of Mr.
Astor. Is there anv iustice in it?"
Under the sun there is no tax as
just, sensible and righteous as an in
come tax.Messeuger.
Marriage in the United States. "
In the current number of The
Forum Mr. Carroll D. Wright, Sup
erintendent of the Census, gives a re
view of the statistics of marriage in
the United States. To "the Record"
the facts which Mr. Wright presents
concerning the excess of men (mar
ried and single) over women in Pen
nsylvania and in other parts of the
country are not surprising. It ap
pears from these statistics that there
are 377.000 more married men than
married women in the United States.
Mr. Wright explains this phenomen
on by saying that many of the mar
ried immigrants send afterward for
their wives. This is true to a certain
extent; but very many of the immi
grants in Western Pennsylvania who
have come from Southeastern Europe
have no intention of sending for,
the'r wives and families; their inten
tion is to return themselves, after
having saved a few hundred dollars.
These men are succeeded by feesh re
lays of married immigrants, whose
wivs; would be an incumbrance and
an expense, m tne social economy
of these people one woman'can cook,
wash and keep house for a number
of them; and this saves them the ex
pense of maintaining separate fami
lies during their stay of a few years
at the miaes and iron mills. Out of
this arises a condition of polyandry.
Tnese statistics also show that in
the United States there are almost
three times as many widows as
roiHnwers. Prom this it i3 evident
that the fears of the maidens con
cerning the successful competition of
widows in the matrimonial market
have no foundation in social iacts.
It is seen that the widowers marry
more frequently than the widows.
The same ratio holds in regard to
divorced omen and men who have
not resumed the married relation
amounting respectively to 72,000
and 49,000. Divorced men appear
less disposed than women to profit
by their untoward marital experi
ence. Th.ro ;c 0 lnrffer percentage of
married persons in the United States
than in any other land, although
there are, or were in 1890, a million
and a half more males than females
in the country. In all the countries
of Europe the female sex predomi-
ofc in numbers. The excess-of
UCfcV.h?a --
females in some sections of Southern
Europe extent the excess of males in
the mining and iron manufacturing
regions of this country
Superintendent Wright obsenes
that since the: census ol 1880 thft
number of men who have not enter
ed the married relation is consider-
ably less than the number of eligible
maidens. He finds that modern in
dustrial development has exercised
an influence in diminishing the num
ber of marriages. In proof of this
he points to the fact that the per
centage of unmarried persons -is
much greater in the East and in the
large cities than in the rural districts.
In the farming regions marriages
are most frequent where the Ger-?
mans and Scandinavians have set
tied in large numbers. The divorces
are not nearly so numerous as has
been generally imaginedThe num-
ber of divorcedpersons does not
amountj;o-more than one-fifth of
one. per cent, of the whole population
of theUnited States, or to not more
thad a half of one per cent, of the
married inhabitants. In the West
divorces are most frequent; and they
are least frequent in the South.
Philadelphia Record.
The Government at Washingloa,
The government at Washington
lives, and the people of the United
States are behind it, sixty odd mil
lions of them. Anarchists and fools
not reckoned. The representative
and executive of the nation's author
ity, majesty and power is President
Cleveland. He stands at this mo
ment for all that loyal Americans
live for, hope for, are. That he stands
firm to his obvious duty no man can
now doubt. The administration is
doing its duty with respect to the
people, and the people must do thei
duty with respect to the administra-f
tion. The color of a citizen's politi
cal opinions is of no more consequ
ence at such a time than the color of
his eyes or hair. As a citizen, as an
American, he owes first of all his
unqualified, unquestioning, unlimit
ed support to the chosen man who
took into his hands on March 4th,
1893, the responsibility for the
administration of the nation's laws,
and swore then to turn the Govern
ment over to his successor as he
found it. .
Whatever may be the immediate
turn of events, President Cleveland
and his Cabinet advisers confront a
crisis in the nation's history. R .
or why that crisis has arisen is not
the question. How it shall be metis
the matter that concerns the sixty
odd millions behind the President
and the Government at Washington.
In half a dozen States of the Union
to-day men occupy the Governor's
chair who are no more fit to be there
than Debs or Johann Most. The
United States Constitution guaran
tees to the citizens of every State the
priyileges and immunities of citizens
in the Several States. It guarantees
to every State a republican- form of
government. One of the privileges
of American citizenship, is to live
under law, not Anarchy. One of the
immunities of American citizenship is
immunity from lawless violence. A "
republican form of government in .
any State is not government admin w
istered by a coward, an Anarchist,
or a Governor in sympathy with
Anarchy and its opjects. Questions
of jurisdiction and verbal conflicts of
Federal with State authority are
bound to arise in any great public
emergency involving the exercise of
both Federal and State authority.
They are technically interesting, as
they were in the early months of
1861.
There is ample power in the Gov
ernment at Washington, under the
Constitution and laws of the United
States, to preserve the institutions
of this country against mob, insur
rection or rebellion. The power is
not that Pi any one man, or of any
small council of men: it is the might
of a great and indestructable nation.
We believe that it will be exercised,
as it should be exercised, to any
extent that may become necessary,
with humane prunence and modera
tion as far as possible, but in any
case with unyielding firmness and
unremitting vigor. The President's
proclamation is a draft at bight
upon tha loyaltv and patriotic sup
port of every loyal and patriotic
American. In continuing to perform
the perfectly plain duty now thrust
upon him as the nation's Chief Mag
istrate, President Cleveland should
have something more than the half
acquicssent, half critical countenance
which approves the main purpose
but watches sharp for minor breaks
and mistakes. He should have just
that sort of support which we all
owe to the flag when it is held upas
a signal for Americans to rally to it.j
New York Syn.
The Watchman Job Office
turns out first class work
does
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