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ESSAY ON BEE CULTIJRE -Read
Bcfcrd tho . State ; AcriculUral
Society; W'X7. 7. ShultZt Esq.,' of
saiea, c.j Oct.. 1870. v
1 i
Cul-
. In presentihff nvt Essst iiponBee
ture and Hpnej Matting, deem t. proper
to say in tho outset hat the. subject is so
vast and'coiriprehensiye that it is impos
sibfe, in tlk limits i of aaper like thfa, : to
gife anythl.iig taorc than a synopsis of the
many points of iotcrest which it. embraces.
Volumes have been prrkten upoD the subject,-and
any practical a lid - experienced
apieaUurisVcoutd produce ; a lengthy . ar
ticle upqn anof its various topics of in
terest, not only theoretically discussed, but
replete with pracllca! illdstrations. These
points; inTdeiaU wou1d be' proper material
for distmssion id a Convention .of Bee
Keepers. Addressed to a body ike this
such a . discnasion. irould t ,bo wearisome,,
and naturally uninteresting to the greater
portion of tLe audience ' owing,'' in sonle
part; to the lact that scientific Hco Keep
ing, as it is at .present conducted in 7 oar
Section of countrjV i P Uttlo anderstood
by the(ttassesjtbat manywputd be incred
Ulous as to the assertions made With a
great TOdjority1 of the Bee Keepers in
Horth Carolina, the basin ess is' to-day con
, ducted o , tho chance principle; and
even wun a portion oi. vueso we nna no
little superstition alloyed, with tlieir, idea,
of "luck.' " With the lights now before us,
and vhich "all whoTare interested may bo
enabled to attain, See Keeping may readi-
tn m.
(for mere than one royal. ell)i Already
started,) sho epeedily learnt, tf - there tro
anv others in the hive to dispat her pre
rogative. If the bees laif nd ' ewarming
theyi protect as many yoong1 qteent at
they desire twarms, aud as each younger
queen is protected, one or , toore, of, these
qncens issue from the hive with the great
bulk of the colony. Now this applies to
what are called irregular tw; arm a, and also
to after swarms, which issue subsequently
to the first from the -eame -hive. When
bees intend swarming, .(with no artificial
intervention), they will .construct oueen
cells, and when the' cells' are capped upj
the old queen will depart with the twarm,
leavim? nothin in the-hive In the ibapo
"after, the first swarm .issues, the queen
will hatch, and if the bees intend to swarm
a 'second time.' they will do so then; but if
no swarm issues, it may be 'relied upon
that they have destroyed all' the royal
cells and queens but one,, swarming being.
over in that hive. The young queen, now
absolute mistresswhen about three days
old, (tho weather being favorable.) flies out
to meet the -drones in the air, and then re
turns: to her important duties in the hive,
never again voluntarily leaving her faith
ful subjects unless to lead a swarm as her
predecessor had done before her. Sho de
posits during J the reason from 60,000 to
200,000 eggs, according to tho climate and
surioQndiugs. . , These eggs are of two sex
es, rcale and female. :1 he male eggs arc
deposited in thedrone cells which are
much larger thanHhose prepared 'for the
workers: The theory is that eggs in ' the
ovaries of ihoqaeen arc all alike, and that
the queen has the power, at: will, of im
pregnating them whilo in the actof depos
iting them ; that the semen of the drone
is retained in' a sack and that the queen
at will,, brings the egg : , whilst passing it
in contact with the .scniinal . fluid. . A
queen that is unfertile, that is, one that
has never been impregnated, will lay eggs,
but .'they 'will produce druncv only ; and
very ottert' in -hives, in" the" absence of a
queen for a,' long . time (queeulotuness,) I temerity to write articles) on the subject
there will be lounU amoug too worker " apiculture tor publication roost of his
one or more-every working beevbeine an I assertions, however. being mere fanues
undeveloped queen which are sufficiently I wnicn he mistakes lor lact.
appetrs to me inexcusable in bee ? keepers
whom I have conversed with, nd who
say, they have kepi beet all their lives, yet
have never seen a queen beol Others,
again, are to -completely wrtpped up in
their bigotry and eelf-aequiretnenta, that
ho one can mike them believe there hat
been any. improvement In the manage
ment of bees, especially of late years. I
know one old fossil keeper whose great
boVat is, that he has had forty years ex
perience in bee keeping and naturally
must knpw all about the business. He s
an advocate of the old box kite system,
and is adverse to all modern improvement
particularly the movable frame hive. Us
dwells upon the idea that our forefathers
never used such new-fangled contrivances,
-"-in1- 50 . atxareB
savs. however, that he has made ono ira-TUioua
provement upon it: he has inserted a pane
of glass in the back of each of his hives,
so that he can toU at any time by looking,
how the bees are; progressing. It is his
opinion that the frames afford the. bet-,
keepers too much opportunity to wotk
with the bees ' and thus' disturb them, a
thing which1 by all mesas ought to be
avoided as the insects s'uould be left- in
peace r and quieta oss. t To illustrate his
woudorlul success in bee-keepinir on his
system 1 will state thatneverin tbelasttwen.
ty or thirty years have I known him to
have more than from ten to twenty stocks
alanine, and then bs bought the honey
for his own consumption and food , for his
bees. : lie is particularly severe upon the
Italian bee; he denies that it is a distinct
and separate variety; but declare that it
originated by a crow between the com
mon black -lee and the yellow-jacket 1
One of his favorite amuemcnU i to kill
all Italian bees whi'h he finds flying a boot
his hives, aud he boasts of it. As every
apiary in pur vicinity ha becojio more
or less mixed up, or by bruized, (with tho
Italians, no doubt his bees Lave a due pro
portion of this hybridized element; andi
as a natural consequence be knocks down
wi;h his bee paddle as many of bis own as
strange bees. Yet this old loa.il has the
bloom, the. .most pomlneat of, which is
the small. whiU: flowir of a plant belong
log to, the Atter genut.. This will bloom
until after, frost, and frost does not affect
the bloom soGciently to destroy or vitiate
the honey secretion.. 1 have known, i a
bad honey year, the beet to gather more
noney iron, m Atter durine tho months
of September and October than tbey made.
rrom au oioereot roes put together during
the summer; - In our section during the
past summer, beet did little more than
xxake their owq tutrport. and many of them
require additional fall stores, which I
think they are now rapidly augmenting.
The question is ofleq asked: Cannot a
eonntry become voycrttockcdTj StatUtica
show that in tome part of Germany there
rrhnns 1 " ' t -t a
)vba -rati
science ; and there is
system
ueveiopea to lay arone eggs, borne sea
sons we have been very inuch troubled
with these fertile workers. The drones
of an Italian., bee are . always as pure as
the, queen from which they originate, air
though she may have been "impregnated
uaand hires to the sauare .mils, and
there is no country where bees are propa
gated that can in 'success compete with
the Germans. . And .they are kept there
not alono as a matter -of pleasure,; but are
a source of profit. No one Southern Stato
averages one colony to tho square mile.
Thcro are 50,000 square miles of territory
In North Carolina, -and as there are 640
square act es to the square mile, we have.
32,000,000 01 acres.' Now each acre, at a
very low estimate, will yield one pound of
honey, making, thirty-two millions of
pounds. This hooey at fifteen cents per
pound would produce tho sum of four mil
(ions, eight hundred thousand dollars.
And so 1 might on ad injluitvn. Tont
upon -tons of the tweet substance go to
waste in every county,- inertly from- the
want of tho industrious littlo workers to
gather it. This is no wild theory sprung
from a disordered brain, but a serious and
stubborn fact, and one which It would be
agricultural economy ta profit by. . , -. j '
. Apiculturo is particularly adapted at a
pursuit for the ladies, i One of the most
distinguUhed apicalturitU in the Union is
a .lady residing in the Sttto of Iowa, Hrs.
Ellen Tuppcr, whoso writings upon tho
subject are known where ever bco liters,
turo circulates. X would refer any one
seeking information, to' her writings pub
lished in the Agricultural Reports of tho
Department for the last few years. She
is an indefatigable' laborer in the caosei,
ana is at. this time an editress of
in the
nut a point
which i. any S person of " ordinary
capacity may not become possessed ot by"
application , toa stuayT Wt(iiiis; acquired
knowledge of the system, and its practical
application in' a wvll-brdercd Apiary, pre-
t K . mm a a .mm. . ai a. m
eludes all ; possibility lor the Daa - iuck
hr a hlack'droue: boxjn that case the I essential principles of this most interer
workers are .Iiyorida,- Antnwwwm. -r : . - . . . , . -
year. the queen begins to fail and is not so
prolific ; she should then be removed Irotn
tho hivo and a young queen suDstituteo.
A queen will live to be past' three years
old, whereas the workers are regenerated
about three times to one season.. .
'A close-observer will notice that while
Tk. ,vT V a r" uis ume an eourcss oi a joint
Theloregoing ts a digression , from f y Agricultural aod Bee Joortal publuhfd in
bjeot, and given only as auiUastratl 3 New York! .Born and bred in New Eng-
UnU, but being in failing health, and de
clared by her phynieian to be a hopeless
case, sho emigrated to the West. Sho now
tayt that by ouvdoor exercise amongst
her bees, she has entirely recovered her
liie, r the. strongly appealsHto-her ow a
su
of the stohd ignoranco and . bigotry t
vailing with sr tertaiu class, who, w
wise in their own conceit, aro cnti
wanting in a knowledge of the first
By judicious management Apieolture
can bo made profitable iu North Carolina.
The climate is well adapted to it and
there aro all'the natural honey, resources
in1 this State that cad bo found, in any
other. With very rare exceptions, many
species of diseases incident to beet which
States, where bee-keepiss is In Its crimi
tire state, it would yield, if properly eon
4 acted, the largest return. The abundant
wild plants yielding honey, the lone seas
ons and mild climate there are all very fa
vorable to pro n table beo-kospmg. The
chief expense of an Apiary is the expense
of the . hires. When these are procured
they form a permanent. capital; the hire
will last for years. Bee-keeping will be
found .profitable, not only to those who
engage in it largely, but Wh profltablo
and interesting to any person having room
suCkUnt even for one hive, lis can sup
ply his table all .the year with hooey, and
find In the nature and workings of these
little Insects, tubjoctt for, tnost interesting
stsdy and critical Invest! ratio a. I would
earaesUy" recommend to any one having
the Report within reach to carefully read
the article from which I have qaoted.
The mo rtble comb hive it so construct
ed that the .bees will build their comb in
separtte frames, rendering it an easy mat
ter for the apiarist to examine etch frame
by itself, by. removing it from the hive
without injury or seriously'disturbing the
beet. With a movable comb hive noihiog
but skill and attention Is required to ac
complish every thing that is desired, the
frames being used exclusively for rearing
brood and storing boney for the use of tho
colony. The surplus honey boxes are
placed aboTS these frames, and covered
with a cap to protect them from the weath
er ,:,- fc i , , j i
" I would advise tboso who, desire to em
brace the pursuit of bee-keeping, to first
ttk themselves whether they, intend to
study its mysteries and gaiu a -thorough
understanding of iu requirements so that
thoy may apply them practically, or wheth
er they think, like .nany others, that by
procuring a new, patent hire, nothing
more Is neededand that the hire of itself
will bring about the. desired result? . Let
it be distinctly understood that I advise
no one to use any other than a gum,-or a
box hive, without first becoming acquaint
ed with the wants of the bee to that they
may be enabled to attend to them at the
necessity of the case, may require. At
well might a law ttudent expect to become
a successful lawyer by simply having tho
law authorities within his reach and not
studying them, or a theological student
expect to become an eminent divine by
merely keeping the Scriptures and Com
mentaries as so much dead stock on hand,
as for a. man to become a saccessfsl apt
eulturist by merely having his .bees in a
paisnt movable comb hire, and not slonog
iiyji'tit aira'p'unrng U mwUlw.m ,th
. . - i.4. i. : 1 1 t. .
.--i".i".i .i' 1 n aw-arm nroKnera. another under enual-1 aro quite prevalent In the Ncrthern and
turiner neeaors;iffuuY moviBit u4tivvi r"' r - ' r. i r.. o. .
f1'
i
early , on tbelsnoroing f the 22d of Febru
ary to ensure good luck during the season.
The Honey Bee' is of Asiatic origin J and
has Wen propagated by - man - from the
earliest ages. r Its habits .were . but little
understood i until the year 1712, .. when
lliraldi, a mathematician of Nice, invented
a glass hive which enabled Beaumer,
Hunter hirack Huber Dxierxon and
many others of a later day to study these
habits, and, giving the fruits' of their re
, searches to the world,' they have become
as; familiar, to the student as household
I words-V The first movable bar was invent
ed by Dxierzon in Germany,, in. .1838, But
it was. too imperfect to become of practical
l aii fikvnmhlA rirf iimstancea. svecyimnlifth. Western' States,'; are unknown to us.
cs nothing 1 Tho workers -In a etrong Amongst these diaeaset may bemenUoned
swarni number about 20,000. They are Foul Brood and Dysentery. A few years
the -hewers of - wood and - drawers of ago these diseases prevailed to extensively
water," performing , all the .abort of the in some portioos of Kentucky, Indiana
colony. The drones are the male, and Ohio, that they came near depopala
have but one office, which: is to impreg- ting Che whole bee stock of that country,
nata th wueens. They are larger than In tome tcctiout there wtt not a hive left
sex to take up the same occupation. - I is no branch or agrtcu
xvero aro many oiovr poinu rezaruinr i uivcitvtui, iiiHiutuiv, ur icw uuvi.ti .
tho bees themselves, which would be ot I With a few colonies in the movable comb
great' interest to bee-keepers, but. they I hivo low would imagine to what number,
mutt of necessity bo passed over. ' ,-- I an experienced apiarist could, with ordio-
IwiU 'now briefly allude to the hives J toccess, increase his apiary in the
and their appurtensaces. The rrcatest course or un years, - ine least possihie
can bo transformed intd a stock ef any
other: species, it knowa to but .compara-
Uvely - few. . A queen ss procarto, the
frames are taken up and cart f oily lookod
over until the reigning queen is seen, when
she is caught and removed ;.tbe queen you
wish to labeuittU is put is to a sen ail wire
cage and stack between two combs where
she is left in confinement for from twenty
four to sixty 'hours, according to circum- ,
stances; she it then turned loose i a the ;
hive when , sho will be readily acknowW 4
edged as the head of the colony. Were " j
not tho precaution taken of caring her
temporarily, but were :sbe Urn
thehivs immedlttety after rtc
old queen and before thecomtac
discovered and realised their loss, ths IsX
tcr would undoubtedly st ccco kill the new
queen as an intruder. There are other '
modes, highly recommended by experienc
ed bee-keepers la Germany, of making the
change by a shorter process, but I cannot
speak of them from practical experience,
Again, it it known to bat few with what
facility these queens can be tranrported
from one section of our wide land to an
other. Until ouite recently, express pack
ages were employed for their transmission,
each package . containing a largo piece of
comb with honey, and a handful , of ; beet
to keep tho queen company.. The practice
now it to tend them by. mail, under letter
postage, In the mail bag, pot up (a a little, 1
light wooden box, perforated with air-holes, "
and containing a small piece of comb with
honey in it for the adbsisUnoe ef the roy
al occupant and about a doxen . bees that
accompany her. It might readily he aap-
posed tbtt these insects would tuffocaU in
the mail bag, but such it not the. case. I. .
received a queen by this mode of. trans-
mission, about one month ago, from Jef-. '
ferson, in the Stave - of Wisconsin ; the .
reached me tafe and sound in tome four or j -"
Sto days ' from the - time she was mailed,
and is how doitg excellent service la our .'V
apiary.' , . . t .. V
There are a vast number of other polata ;
of interest connected with my topic, upon
which I might dilate, bat this paper has '
already exceeded its- rooer limiu. ? My '..
remarks and suggestions htve been tome-, , .
wbtt desultoryVhaviag been thrown -to-'-gether
hastily aod without much regard...'.',
to order. The subject Is one of exhaust-'
lest interest to a real Jorer of bees, aud It -would
be. impossible to do It fall justice in
any essay or paper last might be prepar
ed. It would require a votasvs, and svea .
then much would remain vnlolia' How
ever, by the efforts of a tew perseveriee .
experimentalists, interest apoa the tulject-t ;
..crrrr own-
invention of the age in bee-keeping, is the
movtble comb hive, and next to that is
the honey extractor. In regard to the
movable comb hivo I will remark that
any hive that hat movtble combs, provided
they are not too complicated to take apart, I
will answer: but the simpler tho better. '
The first -and the'onlr simple hive is the
the workers, are stingiest, and alter living within; thirty square miles ol ' territory. MUnMtroth hive, which was the first pat-
t a- J i ? : J1 I I A imTh wa IS u wa all tha flAwas-t I Ties Afff K aas I . . a. w . ..
a Dricz me ot luxurious luieaess, are suaea
off by the , workers when the season is
over."; i
'The first fifteen days,' theyoung bees
perform tho office of nurses, feeding the
larva? and discharging other -duties nec
essary within tho hivo ;. after that period
ent granted In 1852.' Since that time there
have been at leaat three hundred patents
utility. In 1832Mr.Xangstroth,ofOhio,4lley become laborers in the field and
- 1 J - - m., -aT- a. ft a . af 1 f Ai f ' W T 1 1 1 H SSW' St A I Afif " f T ifnlW At SS A
punuciea u, auu no movaoie com irame
is as necessary now to successful bee cul
ture as the plow and.: the boo are to the
culture of cotton- and , other products of
the soil; yet how little it Is used, and how
; few; there are who comprehend its science.
Eacb' coIony Of bees, -when in good and
healthy condition, is composed of the queen
Again, we have all the flowers that other
sections havo, together with many richly
nectariferous spectea which are round .t. hn, famtn9 i-. ance and application and the "will" to ac-
growing wildly in our warmer cUmate ; aU of Wtm u tue mo,.bIe frame and as I complisb, is the largest portion of the esp-
andnt our agricultural Interests are ad-.,v Krmk ir- .w-t Ittal stock inToeted. ihe bod ol stare
mm mm mm mm w au a a a 11 mc mz. a. a iwa u iruu aua xxbii ' e-
troiK -s.f.n ir, u i --M i.A. tat, with lavish band, poured the necUr
to make some extracU from the Rnort of w uie nower-cup ;j-vO nas enoowea me
torest, until tney aro tost on duty, or aro
forced by are to return to indoor work.
The Italian is far more profitable than the
common bee. It is mora, prolific, henco
the . colony f is always stronger, ! besides
which it is more industrious.. There Is
no clustering in dense ma? set on the out-
a m m - a -. ' av . a
side oi tnenive as is to oiten the case
vaneed in the way of an increase of all
kindt of grasses and forage, bee paatura
it improved also. - First, however, in tho
way of resources; is the honey-dew. of I
which we have every rear more or less.
From this the' beet gather the largest!
quantity of surplus honsy. and it it the
purest honey we have, ' While the teasoo
for the honey-dew lasts, which sometimes
is four weeks, strong stocks will collect
from five to ton pounds of honey per daf.
rri t, t . -
ana, i&aw,a.,.i ouU.crx. cutss, csy .
give it more attention. . North Carolina is
truly a favored section. Tor Nattro, has
been to it a bounteous and indulgent moth- .
er. Uur ciimate, our soil, and our growth '
Increase of ten swarms in ten years would to.aT,r;. "JJy o.reta-Bod, ana ny .
amount to 10-240, and allowing the very appucauoa wecaa saaae
low average of ten pounds only of surplus wuh tnd valleys - blossom, like, the
boney to the swarm, there would be a yield y. "n1" gionou soipwr-
of about one hundred tons of honey, w ' cowing wun mule aca
which, if sold at only fiftoen cenu per ooney.- Uoly let apieuiuro receive some -
pJUIVU'Vt tUV'IkWUUVU UaV iB W Vi.m,U m
wasted opon chimerical and fruitless pur
suits," aad It may be made the means of
de eloping one of the richest of the latent ..
resources or our section, and, Uiersoy not -
only sdd millioos to the fsture income of.
our people, but become, under God, a ben- .
cot aad lasting blessing to the perseycriDg
agriculturist. - . -
pound, would amount, to 130,000. Where
then, can a man with, small capital and of
delicate health 'find an easier field for re
munerative labor. It requires no broad
acres, nor lsrre capital: a tittle persever-
the mother of all and the working bees, j w!tb.f nttive black: bee, but, every bee The question will here naturally occur
which are . , her progeny: .-while', from
March un ii Septe in be r there' is a' ce rtai h
proportion of drones.' or raale -bees? The
Queen being of the first importance as
mother of the whole colouy, fa brief, des
cription of her, and how she is originated,
may: .not : be out of - plate Whenever a
seem to be at work.
- i-may oe.asaea.oy some now so many
interesting facts in regard 16 the bee wero
discovered 7 Dxierxon, of Germany, stud
led the habits Of this valuable
great care,- anu saaae .discoveries so ap
parently aosurd that, tney wero disputed
i oat is nonev-oew j we nave two spe
cies of honey-dew. . The one which is the
more common and vf more frequent oc
currence, it the secretion, .of a renas of
aiVtltfS fL-.a -t.-MlAMA4 mmW . -ia.an.a- mm mm. -aa.l-
insectlwith k? t0toff att as Aphides, of p;ienl bi-ea and co6o back lho oIJln
mes so ap- P"": w ?! J?nr .Pr box and rude iram Patent bee palaces.'
th.rAmmWA-i..Ar i-HVniinMUi6;e o wun tne inaunct ei guioenogano
imm MM .MUia skI -nKt.t f k.T I storing it ; and lis has given to man the
headed "Stttistica of Bee Keeninf-:- MfDOWl6 nd lho power of using both
-The rcporU show that the movable comb ?r b pleasure ana uoport. Xio one,
t,;-- r fw- t-, v. r. v --a-.. .1 then, can fiod room for doubt, that with
mm m W kai -M- B-EI W . !. - - a-.... a ... I m ' r a , m - . - .
erauy preierred by the
the UDitedautca. The Bee
tociation of Tennessoe,at
vention, by an unanimous vote gave this
hive the preforenco over all other forms.
Patent hives havo been the curse of bee
keeping in this country. 'Many of the re
ports ssy-ihat tho bee-keepers in their ?i-
. t a s ats
llee Keepeof k,lwIefS0 ?d "oUon! bcf ? Med of the same vsrTtty,
Bee Keeper7. At- othKPlMnt nd cratue whilst -let- once, aod without addlng-Vi
their rcint Con- tlag beet keep themtelves," though it mty 5ii produce at good crop
ance about the end or April, unless the
season be . remarkably weL which is a
great destroyer of insect life. Tbit secre
tion is to he found upon a variety, of oar
forest growth-- 1 hare aeea it so abundant
that had there been 10,000 stands within
reaching distance, all would havo obtained
their full share.' The other species ofl
iiuutHicw ib sum o oe prouueeu oy. a
moth traps, and self-dividers have done as
much as the bee moth,: perbspe more) to
hinder the "progress of bee culture, in this
country.: '! bat biva can only claim supe
riority over the common box which per
v .las a
miis ine Dee-keeper to havo ready access
to every . portion of the hive, allows the
trur.aier or frames from one hive to an
other, will winter bees well, is not compli
.. i : r
an.... I t .. a C . 1. - - I .
ucvuimr vuiiuiuuii ui .110 BkraoHDncre. nai,..i.i : . . r
l 1 1 oiiki !ow nm o m-mt -. V I lv naavruciurc , auu is no expensive.
rf I uher adewor a sweet, saccl-arine ex. t. wi . r:. f ,r-.T:
colony toses ats queen, either by death or 1 by f othery scientific; men. No means of
by. remqval from tho hivo bys the keeper, proving the facta stated by Dzierzon exist-
the bees will? im mediately proceed to sup- ed until tho Italian J bee was obtained by
ply her laeeby raising another. A very Germnn1 apiarists from the mountains j of
- geeral, but very errwicous opinion .pre- Italy; by this means the secrets of these'
vails that -.wbenjbeest loso , their queen wonderful little insectswere fully j discov-
l l5'.lllere, i tho ,a hive ; or , . go ered, made public, and the vexed questions
to nothings" Such is b-no means the case: setUed.' . s , i. .;?'' !!;fjwr -..' ' :,
wn.AW.l: i:-r-s2it:':u - .-. -. - v . -..., !
' yr7?F.-??R Hfn nj Y , In a paper Jike this it wouUTbe almost
rT? oeiw5?? A2U: VasyUMr,r,mlu.-w- ns,nscU ,to deuit dI.Vrfm -T V l?rin The movable comb hive based b about
- -V .. 7 actual results that have ucen obtained by 1 ttr,j ,. Hn,;. . ".. . I one-iourth or tho bee- keepers or the United
i..V-tiiT 7'r wyi:j.s jeu i scientific bee culture and from the Italian 7h r ii Stttes, aod its introduction is rapidly ex-
dava old from tha Urin nr lh airifa' t Kt- I ... . . . I incro eXISU A' dlncrene-Oi tnnmisirX - Al. i -w. . . . - -
-l-r-iDrr-V .niay state no weeer. maun aire- MtMtm ,u, -iA. -JJr. x AS itenuing. u uencver its nse becomes rcn
ro irtecuy .niueuviiueiu WUUin mem- I ...--w p.i.- a .7- r i b--d um rcicrrcu w. Iin-sn .- I . nt .
a report of his :S: r:y:"r-0Vu IMecu UiKn the subject of the hooey emptier. I
' - ' ' . - I UUU Obl VWIUU U L J 11 LIIH lH t1 ' a " . .
appears to . be
k... t.,..l.'
or small grub ; the cells which immediate- portg having lasf sprliiVlbrtVKives.-
iy aajoiu au aroenare men eut jiway, alid fto theso forty six hives hei took six
aud. mrrtb larger elionstructed for the tlusand, onebundfednd sixty-tw
: nsa hroyal
r-Vi Mt"U r j"i JlWJiwt. PlM weeksVtirael- This gave him an
be suGcicntly satisfactory. to the bee. Is
both uu profitable and annoying to man.
: in regard to the Italian bee, 1 can bold
ly assert thst In tuy own experience, and
taking the testimony of all iatelligent bee
keepers wbo cultivate them, they have
fully como op to what Is claimed for them
e a .aae ea
as superior to tne oia species ox oiscx oce.
This superiority consists, first: In their
activo and more Industrious habits; tbev
Eotatlon a Lav la AplculUrt. ' -
The farmer grows a certain kind of po
tato year after year, until it fails to pro
duce the same good crops it once did. He
and it will at -
any thioer to the
produce as rood crom as it ever did.
We htve-heard agriculturists deny the -possibility
of this, bet we think thst most
practical farmers know' that this is really
tbeaso. Yet sorely the same variety of
potatoes require only, the self-same ele
ments. There has been co other differ
ence but the change. "...
So also in the msltcr of msnure. Feo-
plo sometimes find, benefit frota.pbos-
-UeV I r K a t a-a jm rm n A r mj m ai V n nmmr- .
. .... . . . . V I 1 '.. .WM- . W V . W M U. .
are never ruana laiy vciminnr- in tiack I r;i: tj-i . r t.
Clusters ai over too nive as u so ouen tne out l0 n0 Uor abao lriclc but
case with the black .bee. Secondly, their -. f. r wtii .
prolificscy, and. early brooding In Uocdcrlul effect. We knew a friend once
inespnn&oywnicutuocoiooy win swarm (n --,T.a .r,---,. --. tn
mucfi earl.er than the bUck slocks, and VCf-eUbl0 wbch WM niW ma-
the.eolony being very fell, their working fr0 b is horse siabie. It failed at
lores is superior in numocrs. xniroiy,
being moro active and vigilant, Mbey pro-
tec t me i r com is more rtaauy . irpra the
ravages of the bee moth ; and finally, in
a good honey season, thoy will wortc ear-
. s iu ..mews ui -uppmng mem- a nractical apiarist makes
if" . .f' UCOTlm tuccess.this year, whfcl..
common cell u selected con Uin in . anTecrir .UX;. Tn-;.;Kr. ,-fii.:---i
be seen with -the naked
and .secretion u porT the leaves.
. ' The white clovcr l'urnishes the rioxt best
honey we have,, and if bur agricultural
frisads would, raise more of it our honey
would be greatly im proved. Diatintro imb
ed, bee-keepers have asserted that an acre
oT white clover in full bloom will yield ten
beg loavo to qaote another short extiact:
lier, later and In cooler weather than will
our oative stock.'
For the past two years, attempts have
"Twenty pounds of. honey bcintr reo. aired (been made to.iotroduce into this country
to make ono pound of wax, the economy I the Egyptian bee, but, so far at J tm aware
of saving and utilising combs" is rendered I tt this time, have not been attended with
evident. In order to accomplish' this sav- I success, in respect to obtaining the' fall,
tnir," a hooey emptying machine has been I pere stocK. a hyorid ts in existence in
avernire i
" aTf W- H?" :??nnm& or of bneTiundred and thirty-four pounds of "t Jt" ;ni e w
v the fxJlIea iofoweiMdoney and water, gufpliisTioney from his fortySx hrVes. b,-. ' WJe? Prol,fie
5 ftttbLrtoP;dldI'in OthPer in.Uncesight readUyibe.quoTed fiir'" th T U 10
tlM4tQiaaeJ -ifiliitaiiiheg beforeit it from the files ot thJitame ioinal durill "ectartum, or 4ienoy.
: .l 9 a s w -. -. . . - i . ... fT'X- . i ' r . . . m mm . t -- 1 an ina Trr ir t . - i s
ryriltf apen rjB- i llM past few years,. hutf, time and: space LlThat tkl r T w
mains five days in the -larva, or ; grubUe J forbrd. , Any oVeinte'resadinTee-keeping in tV? JLi "! '
u.vu kt...i .iiv to iku ri itu i nnrrnt. rn nocnmi" a Mnniitrf i is ht uh. i. ,,- ---, .uu i
iT tHm' .tatt they, may be ioscrted .again
has the ad-j ftDCj Mled, for" years in succession, .thus ef-
thlt aliment
X mt
covered or
metamorph
QUCfD-VWlil
tbirtoeft days,
after the death
tor. The
v.t.-tlr-.a ii i I wueu w wvvjw m Duvwiiucr w mat jour i hnn.. fmmnka ...j ' . , , ixcciing a great saving in vne consumption u7iaujg in bis apiary. - in site,
MrgWeH -tt it U said to be alJoul a third .mailer than
sealed-close vith wax. Tor her int.w J.'Hitct ntdv nnhilak-.i..- v sail, ouu upon mis 1 have no positive I .fi. i., .". a .:-. iNk. M-,Aa.7,.t:i.. . .
ttth perfect queem Ai f the most experienced aoiaristsfn Am... wttimony ,Th? IUlian wdl froquent the L. fiiv, mnA a;, at.om.-t t k..;n. ia ash rolor. atrirwwl -k;,. m.m in
-asual vthatoh in from miwtl-- . .-..m reaciover more than tha.black h '-v:- Tr 'T""rTi i.i ii 7.r-- T." 'Zl'
wjrj-'i- T . ' -r fw(" w nisi -.,.. . , . . . . rqaae me mucnine. aunng vno pass season i u'ga-ib proauces a pecuusr soil, hb
CeOrdinr to Circumstances, t !t.a pnl.rfrPft nnnn ih'n mhhteft KmmA. Beside thaforeirOlRf.therA ir. Innxm-. I ., a-.-.J r..u-. T. fii ..i.i ' mU.aA.a rp ..ItaJ
or removal of her predecea-1 irlMnlnV iir.mT - fat fron.it- iar-cArl toie other sources of honey dnrviit rfurin-! .,it-i. Ar .-.- .- l .?!-.-, lit, k- J1T .r k.Ma-.it.
theory -oa that .from tho time I ptirh Sa ia now nrnfnunHlv nnN.nmAn. I the summer months. From tV flrt rf 1 f.--r. r.... .w i. t ,lMv.tit .v- .- ...:., .hi.), in
. . - - - - i an -4 iu iui uh witu tuv uivw iu au v. " "im tug wa ui . ticiuuv. -,
last. . Kvcn weeds seemed to despise it- .
lie changed fiora horve to. cow manure,
and again wonderful crops rewarded LIm. '
Chemically there vat not much difference ,
In the manure. Tbt change trat mora
than all. ' ' J
It it well to- remember that this U a
cenertl principle. Naturo loves chsngv.
There Is a seeming contradiction, for wo
speak of the certsinty of nstnre's laws.
Bat those who know her best, know thst
she hat laws which seem contradictory.
The tame elements thst make fire, itrgely
enemy or fire;
harmless elements .
e the deadliest
constant at she 1
Ef-rtv I .-.na.rii - ia we know she tomelimct likos
(J... k.. 1. a. i 1 - 1 t I . - a
uvu ' "ju'jr ipukcn oi in x.arone. a rh.nif..-
t: i ? i r .. ... . . t . 1 f
au-i my invnu writes roe mat his hybrids
Of tho t58,027 emlgraou ' who left the
shores of the United Kingdom in lS7t
K).4Ifl wero 'agtish,' 22.W3 Scotch, TS
S23 Irish, 63,752 foreigners ; the natioftali
ty of the remaining 6,975 U notdUtla
guisbed In the returns.-. . ; .
W m - a "a"" . .. T t V .f.e A a -a. . . - I
I invented, ana has now oeen to slmDhfied wnio. ana a Dee-aecpinsr lneod or mine in I m-a !.. Mrh lathe
i . . m - -i .a a ai k a u aa a a -
Vu ?m, that it Is within the reath of all . Br this Ohio expected to receive two full stocks and some of her moat
me ot honey, i j-ijin the comb is emptied by centrifu- this past., summer from Alexandria In wjn -often unlto to tntk
u .too abort -to .a motion" without breaking the com U, Egjpt; but what.tuccess attended this noisona.. At any rat-.
j -receptacle i m- l hem In a? Darfectlv sonnd . .ruIL. I last effort 1 have not IeaineL" Th
tkfgaUklvalwneea wUl reach matori- Thegeneral lack of information prevainnc Kugafc unlU lbo
trittteen 4ayt a working bee in twen- amongst bee keepers in our State b almost I thcr oally
T - . - - -i .v-i KnowKagoapoD ino..Bojrel agccwpi.,; ji, i.--r w w I , wjortow tbU ia tb Soatherij LbUtk.btM, wheo in a morbI. comb hir..
?1;
middle of September I of its starea.
. Jl. .1' "t a .
8" eana, oi noaey i . T. on- mn- nnotmtian i nnottf-ln
Ekripture, It mentioned as haying used the
lion's carcass for a hive. ! Tv .."''
Every plain girl bat one conkblattoa.
Though not a pretty yocng lady ki will
if the lives, be a pretty eld one. '.' " ' " "
Shett mosU
L
prttljr
loglftg la bed.
--v- - ,"-.t... . . J