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TIIE WILMINGTON JOURNAL. V ILSI1NGTO. W. C FRIDAY, A PHIL, 10. 1857 Qcr W do not now mean to enter into any con troversy With ihe Reiald in regard to the distribution and deposit questions. For that there will be abun dant time, and our course hat shown a willingness at all proper times to go into a fair discussion of such matters, or any others involving principles which ap pear to us Democratic and essentially Democratic. We will neither evade nor slur them orer, and as an evidence of this we can point to our artiele of Mon day to which the Herald of yesterday refers. Our position, at least, is placed beyond doubt bo far as it is in our power to do it, and it cannot be; placed in doubt by any construction of or inference to be drawn from the isolated aot or acts of others, how ler we may agree with those others upon general iBsue. tft nnftfea few remarkV ,V mean now incidentally L few remarki An the Herald' article. In the first instance we do not agree with the Htrald that Cass, Douglas & Co., are distributionists, still less that Reid, Biggs & Co. are. The Democratic Senate did not pass Campbell's bill. Secondly, we insist that every cent collected by the General Government for any other purposes than those connected with the necessary and legiti mate objects for which that government was institut ed is improperly collected, and that neither distribu tion nor deposit is an object for which the General Government was instituted. It was not intended that it should become the collector or almoner of the States. Thirdly ; the Tariff of 1846 'twas: intended to col lect just bo much revenue as would be necessary for t. and no more ; and the opponents of the democratic party loudly pro claimed that it would not collect enough. Ever since Mr. Fillmore went out and Mr. Pierce came in, a democratic President and Secretary have urged the reduction of the revenue to a point at which the accu mulation of a surplus would cease, so that they were not responsible for the oontinued accumulation of such surplus, the greater portion of which has been applied to the legitimate purpose of discharging the public borders, and paying off the public debt. More of it ought to have been applied to the increase of the Navy, and to affording an adequate compensation to the officers. We want mere light-draught steamers as the nosition of things in the Chinese seas shows. Fourthly, by the proper course of ceasing to col lect too much, the people will be relieved of oppres sive burdens upon what goods they use, not simply in the way of money paid to the revenue, but also of fivt times as much paid to Northern manufacturers, untr the operation of that delightfully partial hum bug known as protection. If the lately adopted tar iff does not effect that, another should be passed that would and that will. This revenue protection it is that builds up and has built up the North at the ex pense ofjthe South, and any system of distribution or deposit that, by palliating, tends to prolong or per petuate this undue protection is taking five dollars out of the Southern people's pockets where it pro fesses to donate to ' them one dollar of their own money. Fifthly We don't think Messrs. Winslow, Craige, lluffin, or Branch, are distributionists. We say so because we believe they mean what they say, and they say they are not. If tbey were, it would not make us so. We adhere to the principles of the Democratic party. Sixthly It would be demagogueism for the oppo sition ' introduce this deposit question into the next canvass, because the question of a surplus has al ready been disposed of by the tariff reduction of the last Congress. It no longer rests on a plausible ba C3 sis. Spring. It is a matter of history that the year formerly consisted of several seasons, among them an obsolete one known as Spring, when the'Jearlh was covered with verdure, and the trees with blossoms, and leaves and all that sort of thing. We find some evidonces of the existence of such a season in the old files of the Journal. The editor, an enthusiastic person, we presume, indulged in some romantic and grandilo quent stuff, from which it is plainly to be understood that he too, participated in the verdant glories of the year. Thu traditions, still lingering among u9), indicate that the season to which we have just alluded, was upon the whole, rather pleasant than otherwise, and some very old people, who have come down to us from the earlier days of the Republic, when Springs were, talk of that genial season with tears in their eyes. It may be that it is their own Spring, rather (than that of the year, that they turn to with such emotions of melancholy pleasure. Even while there were such phenomena as Springs, we all found that they grew colder and less genial, aB we ourselves lost the buoyancy of spiril with which we Btarted on the journey of life. There used also to be rosea and other flowers about at this time of the year, but that is done away with in a great measure, if not wholly. As for early vege tables, it is out of the question to talk of them. Tbeie have been puffs in the Charleston papers over new teas. They must have been grown in a hot-house, fot surely no peas would be green enough to come out in the open air. The last Clinton Independent advocates the construction of a branch road from some point on the Wilmington & Weldon Road to Fayetteville, and thinks there is capital along the line that could be obtained and men to do the work. We have, at differenent times advocated the con struction of some such road, and join with the Inde pendent in hoping that the day is not far distant when all parties concerned will arouse themselves to the propriety and advantage of doing the work. fg-We acknowledge with pleasure, the receipt ot an invitation to attend the celebration of the anniver sa 7 of the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence, at Charlotte, on the 20th of May. The people of o'd Mecklenburg intend to celebrate this anniversary :n a Tanner worthy of its glorious associations. Rev. Dr. Hawks is to deliver the oration. Many years ago, we had the pleasure of hearing the present Jude Ellis deliver a moBt excellent addresg upon a similar occasion. (ffThe story of John Dean, who married the daugh ter of Baker's Bitters, has been set to music and mar ried to immortal verse, r A song in the style, and to the tone of " Villikins and his Dinah," ha been got ten up, and is sold by the newsboys in New York for one cent, said song narrating the adventures of John and " his own Mary Ann." Fame is a great thing. Melancholy Accidint. We regret to learn that a private letter has been received here, giving the painful news of another explosion having taken place at the Egypt Mines in Chatham county, about 8 o' clock cn the rooming of the 6th inst., resulting in the death of six persons, among them Mr. Robert Dunn, one of the most useful and efficient men at the works. No particulars are given. . , The- Charter election which took place in -Cleveland, Ohio, on the 6th inst., resulted in the elec tion of the Democratic ticket by 10 xuajerity. Something of a My the. The Stock hrnkAK in Wall Street have amone them a class of Slocks known as "fmries," with which they play asort of hnttle-cock, one crowd known as the " bulls," hitting them their biggest licks to keep them up, and another crowd known as the " beau," hit tingiA'r bilges licks to knock them down and keep them so. It is a mere gambling game. Neither of these crowds of operators are bona fide holders of these fancy stocks which they pretend to buy and sell. Walkei's j rospects in Nicaragua have got to be a sort of a fancy slock with the newsmongers, and the tales are so contradictory and so evidently gotten up for effect, that really one is led to quesiionvery much whether there is a word of truth in any of them, or whether in fact Walker himself be not a mytl e, a mere bogie to fiighten the copper-heads of the isth mus withal. Last week the steamer brought news of the des perate situation of Walker and his ca se. Without reinforcements, his course was run. Scarcely had this news been fairly circulated, before the Texas comes in with glowing accounts of Walker's carrying everything before him. Both accounts could not have been correct. Which is to be believed? Who knows? Is either? Candidly, we think it very doubtful. We are compelled to the conclusion that if Walker did not succeed at the first burst, or, having succeed ed, failed to maintain himself, there is bow little chance after the enthusiasm of his volunteer forces has subsided, and his enemies have bad time to rally from their first confusion. The thing may go on for months. Some miracle may give Walker final and permanent success, but little short of a miracle oan do so. Increase of tUe Rates of Transportation fPasscn geis on the W l'mlnglon At Weldon Rail Road. We are informed that the Board of Directors, on the 20th ult., ordered the rates of fare to be slightly increased viz : to three and a half cents per mile, this being the iouest rate charged, as we are inform ed, by any Southern Rail Read, on their local travel. If this be so, we can see no reasonable cause of complaint against this company; certainly when ev ery supply that a Rail Road Company requires has increased 25 per cent, during the last two or three years, ai.d when all experience has shown 3 cents per mile to be the lowest remunerative rate. We can see no reasonable cause of complaint on the part of the community. That the fare on this Road has been extremely low no one can doubt ; and if the Company finds its Road way and Machinery we aring in such a ratio, (a na tural one,) that the rates heretofore paid will not re new it and pay a reasonable profit on the stock, why should there hs complaints ? Surely, those who complain, would not invest their capital to serve the public, without a fair and ceitain remuneration. We are in possession of the rates charged on several Southern Rail Roads, and we append a list by which it will be seen that the fare on this Road is as low as any one in the South, and lower than several in this State, Virginia, and Georgia: NORTH CAROLINA RAIL ROADS. Willi ington & Weldon, Fare 3 cents per mile. Raleigh & Gaston "4 " " " Sea Board & Jloanoke,.. " 5i " " " N. Carolina (or Central.) " " " " VIRGINIA RAIL ROADS. Petersburg Sl Weldon,. . Fare 5 cents per ile. Petenburg & Richmond, " 6 " " Mot others in the State, " 4 a 5" " OEOROU AND SOUTH CAROLINA RAIL ROADS. South Carolina, Fare 4 cents per mile. Georgia Rail Road? ' 4 " " " Exoept one Road which is 3fc " ' " There is no Rail Road that we can find South, whose kcal fare is less than 3$ cents per mile, and they generally exceed that figure. Inquest. Coronor Wood held an inquest yester day over the remains of Austin, a slave, who died on Sunday last at a mill above the railroad. It was positively reported at the time that he had died from the effects of a How from a slung shot in the hands of another negro, with whom he had a fight. The Coronoi's Jury, upon investigation, found no confirma tion of this fact, and returned a verdict that he died from determination of blood to the heart. Dr. John Swann.we believe, conducted the post mortem ex amination. Daily Journal of the 7th inst. JSSiP'The Baltimore American of yesterday, makes a fool ot itaelt. ihe Wilmington Journal wants no fools on its exchange list, and is, therefore, happy to anticipate the American in ceasing to exchange with that paper. Those who are silly enough to take offence at a perfectly harmless 1st of April story can stay so. We would not have them otherwise. Had we, like a New York paper, published anything that could hurt anybody, or shock anybody's feelings, there might have been ground for such nonesense. The character of the Journal can be hurt by no such soft-headed affectation of superior virtue on the part of tho.e who have none except wh?t they no affeet. lb. $3- We have received by slow course of mail, the first number of a new weekly paper called the Beau fort Journal, published at Beaufort in this State by John Nichols, Editor and Proprietor. Terms $2 per annum, invariably in advance. Mr. Nichols avows hit object to be the establish ment of a Commercial paper worthy of the destinies, which, in his opinion, are in store for Beaufort, and to the realization of which he looks forward to at an early ptriod. The Journal is independent in politics, is general ly well got up, and gives evidence of present tact and industrv. and promise of future usefulness. We wish it all success. Cement for Glass and Chlnn-Wnie. Mr. J. H. Williams, ol Baltimore, exhibited to us this mominer eome specimens ot the above wares f7 M mended with " Newton's Fire and Water-proof Li quid Enamel," and also, in cur presence, put together the broken fragments of a china cup, making out o them a complete and strong article, equal to new, so far as we could see. The piocess was simple in the extreme, and easily done by anybody. The ename is clear and colorless, not affected by hear, water, alcohol or acids, is free Horn any acrid quality and is perfectly innocent on the tongue. In fact, it ap pears to be really and truly all that is claimed for it and a very valuable article. Mr. W. can be found at Air. L. Alallet's until to-morrow afternoon, when he leaves for Baltimore. Daily Journal of tlie Sth inst. 0g-It would appear probable thai the democrats have gained one member of Congress in Connecticut, and also Teduerd the majority against them on the popular vote, although the coalition has succeeded in carrying the Legislature, and electing its State ticket. " Gin a Bodv Meet a Bout." The following ap peared in the Liverpool Daily Post last week: " A gentleman accustomed to sit with a recently deceased relative, who was many years an invalid, is desirous of a similar occupation. References most unexceptionable. Address, &c." The sitting with a relative, recently deceased. is, of course, one of those acts of attention which, though they may be founded on a somewhat lowly psychology, are not to be derided. But why this gentleman should advertise that he wishes to lit with another defunct relative, demands explanation. Is he at enmity with his family Are his relations rich The advertisement is suggestive ; to much so. indeed, tl at we have cut off the address, and shall take counsel'i opinion as to sending it to fcthe Liverpool police. 4 IniKt lanl fioin Nl bihj ua. New York, April 3 - The tamer Texan, from San Joan on tl e 20;l. mt A-pmwall n the 23d, ar lived here last niM. JShe cm ected ;l Aspinwal with the Orizabi.'on the Pacifie side, ut brings no thing later from California The intelligence from Nicaragua is interesting, comprising news from Ri as, Walker's headquarters, to l3;h ult. The puer reports the aimy in good condition aDd well provisioned. Walker, with 400 men attacked the allies at San George, gained the plaza, burned an important part of the town, and then rrtreated to Riva, which, in the mean timf, Chomoro had attacked at the head of 1,200 m it, but had been repulsed and driven oack with great (daugh ter by Gen. Henningsen. Walker met them retreat ing; they were consequently placed between two fires, and becoming completely paraljzed, coffered immensely. The allies are Mid, by their account, to haa lost 327 killed and over 300 wounded, while Walker estimates thsir loss at 600 killed and woun ded. He also states hi loss two killed and twenty- one wounded. Walker had the bodies of the dead burned. It was reported that Canas, commander in chief of the allies, was under atrest for making certim over lures to Walker. Th'n is not improbable, as it has been known (by private letters from the Minister of Hacienda ot Nicaragua) that overtures had hereto fore been made, although their nature vas not indi cated. It is ; Iso reported th t Gen. Cbillon, who has hitherto been friendly to Walker and only awaits a favorable opportunity to show his preference had raised a body of men in Leon, and was about to join Walker. It was rumored that President Rivas had been assassinated, which rumor is said to have been confirmed. The sioop-nf war St. Mary's was still nt San Juan del Sur. Col. Lockridge, on the San Juan river, had been reinforced by the detachment of 220 Texans, who went from New Orleans in the Texas, together with a large quantity of ammunition and provisions. His command had garrisoned the only two communica tions by water with Costa Rica, viz : 2l0 men at ihe mouth of Serap:qua river, an.) 180 on the San Carlos river. The remaining 152 were in advance ot these points with Lockridge, near the Machuca rapids. Col. Lcck ridge is paid to have secured Mime docu ments showing that Costa Rica had opened an inter oceanic transit to the British government. The Cos ta Rican forces at San Carlos was email, and Lock ridge was confident ol being able to take it. It was reported that the allies defeated by Walker had re treated to A assay a. FROM THE ISTHMUS. The royal mail steamer New Granada bad been boarded by the Peruvian steamer "Lao," in the in terest of Vivanco, and plundered of $32,000 in spe cie, as well as arms, stores, tnd provisions. The sloop-of-war Saratoga hail left San Juan for Havana. We find the following dispatch in the Baltimore Sun of the 6th inst. Tlie access of Walltei--Confirmation of lliv Vic tory Great Slaughter ot the Costa Rlcans--Letters Stolen. New York, April 5. Piivate letters have been re ceived in this city fiom Gen. Henningsen, in his own hand writing, addressed to persons in this city, dated Rivas, March 19th, confirming every essential fact brought by the steamer Texas, in relation to the re cent victory of Walker's troops over the Co6ta Ricans and their allies. General H. states that four hundred of the allies were killed and about fifty of his own men. The battle lasted ten hours and was desperately fought on both sides. It ended in the u ter defeat and route of the enemy. Gen. Henningsen writes further that he is cot h dent that in a few weeks Walker will entirely cleir the country of the Costa Ricans, who are greatly discomfited and depressed by their defeat. This intelligence was brought by express from Ri vas 4.o San Juan del Stir to meet the Orizaba, by which vessel it came via Panama to New York. Several other letters and dispatches addressed to persons in this city ha?e been stolen or abstracted during the passage, either on land or at sea. A clue has been ' discovered as to the depredators and the police .ire ! on the track ot the perpetrators. I Arrival of the Black Wi.rilur. New Orleans, April 6. The Black Warrior nr- rived to-day, bringing Havana dales to the 3d. The Mexican question is still the general topic ot conversation. .Nothing lurther has been reeeiwd, but official dispatches from Spain are daily expected. he stock of sugar at Havana and Matanzas is two hundred and ten thousand boxes. Prices continue firm at last quotations. Two Dutch ships with seven hundred coolies have airived. Copious rains have fallen throughout the bland. Municipal Klectlona. Detroit, April 6. This city gives 200 democratic majority forjudges of the Supreme Court, with two wards to hear from. Ihe returns from the interior of the State are scattering, and .how that a small vote has been polled. New Orleans, April 6. The whole American citv ticket was elect d here to day. The Americans bare also eiecieu tneir aistnct judges, ihe democratic candidate for the associate suprerr e iudge is proba bly elected. Portland, April 7. The municipal e'eetion held to-day has resulted in the election ot the republican candidate lor mayor bv 400 maioritv. The renub- licans have also carried the city council. Cleveland, April 7th. The charter election which took place here yesterday resulted in the elec tion of the democratic ticket by 200 majoiity. Cincinnati, April 7.N. W. Thomas, the citizens' candidate for mayor, was elected at me municir.a.1 election held here yesterday. St. Louis, April 7.--V inier, the emancipation can didate for mayor, has been elected by 1,500 majority. Most of the other candidates on the 'ame ticket are also elected. Remarkable Preservation. Speaking of the celebration of St. Patrick's day by the Hibernian Society of Savannah, the News leraarks that a notice able feature of ihe occasion was ti e presence on the table of the old pitchers and tumblers which were procared for the society and used at Iheir meeting on St. Patrick's day in 1822, and at every anniversary since. There were originally four large pitchers and six dozen tumblers ; and now, jsT er a lapse -f thirty five years, all the pitchers are ir. use, and thirty fcur of the tumblers. This fact speaks well for the lent perate moderation of this Pocietj , for, notwithstand ing the fact that at each succeeding anniversary the tumblers have been filled wuh the mountain dew," there are now but eightc n missing for thirty-five years. The pitchers bear the harp and other em blems; the tumblers have the harp and shamrock intertwined, with the motto Erin-go Bragh " Brother Jonathan. 'J he next time you send us over any canvas back ducks, please have the kind ness to sand an American cook over with then, be cause our stupid English cooks are not as yet suffi ciently advanced in culinary civilization as to know how to dress them, and the consequence is that thoee far famed delicacies are invariably$poilt, much to the loss ol the appetites and. tempers of the guests as sembled. Chinese Sugar Cane. J he JUnion states that Mr. Graves, who owns a small farm on the Seventh street road, some five or six miles from Washington, has entered extensively into the culture of the Chinese sugar cane this season, with the intention of manu facturing sugar and syrup therefrom. Sad Warning to "Fast" Young Men. John Miller, aged twenty-eight years, died at Indianapo lis on Friday night. . The Journal gives a brief hi. tory of his sad case. He was born in Dayton, Ohio, was leic an orpnan wiin a targe estate, an 1 to his own guidance became a " fast young man," and rapidly spent a fortune which was counted by tens of thousands. He kept a cirele of dashing young fellows about him until his money was gone, who then deserted and left him. He sought Indianapolis for a home, and there, in some menial capacity, lived for a time and died in a strange ganet, friendless and alone. A Feuale Brigand. A tew weeks since the Greek troops cn the frontier of Thessaly. wounded and cap tured a young ro.bbe.r pi rpmarkably effieminate ap pearance On being taken to in? hospital, the rob ber proved to be a Christian girl,' who two years be fore had been carried off ' from ber family by the Turks.. The unfortunate girl, who wasarired with pistol, gun, and, yatagham, had, daring the two yean of her captivity, been obliged to share in all the pro fessional enterprise of the robbers. From t be Journal of Commerce. Amt rleaii Irdnstry Norii and Sontii. Havirg shown in a previous art''. Ie : many impor tant ofer-esttmatef nf the procnic ive industry oi ssachusetts, and to some es'ent of other northern States, I now.invite attention to tl e fact that neither cotton, tobacco, sugar nor rice, tne great etaptes oi the South, is thus ovei estimated. Unlike grass, hay, coar- grains, potat es, and other products of north ern agriculture, which are repeatedly estimated in the census account of northe. n tillage and husband ry, in the form of meat, dairy products, wool, and j live stock, southern cotton is never counted but once, j and then at the price it sells at, and no more. The same is tiue ot tobacco, rice and sugar. If the planting labor of the South were no more remunerative than the farming and manufacturing industry of ihe North, it is inconceivable how plan ters could afford to pay, as they now do, from $1,200 to l,5l)0 for common field hands to raise cotton. Were such an onerous investment necessary to carry on northern agriculture, manufactures, or commerce, it could not fail to reduce very materially the profits and extent of Northern enterprise ; and yet so en tirely different are the circumstances which surround Southern enterprise, and urge forward its develop ment, but this drawback is more than compensated by advan'ages which are little feen, and less under stood by persons residing out of the planting States Wishing to make these advantages plain to every reader, I shall deal only in facts which 1 have reason to believe cannot be successfully controverted. The State of New York has unequalled commtrcia! advantages in its command of the trade of the gieat Lakes, and facilities for importing and distributing all needful foreign goods. Its soil is better, on an average, than that of Georgia ; and it has been much longer settled by Europeans, aod is therefore in pos Sfcssicn of capital that has the accumulations of two centuries. At the last United States census, the real and personal estate of the people of New York, was returned at $1,080,309,216. Its population at 3, 097,394. Divide the sum rf their wealth equally, and each will have $ 348,78. At the same census the people of Georgia, who were capable of holding property, including free negroes, numhered 524,503. Their aggregate wealth was returned at the low price at which it was taxed, and amounted to $35,425,714. Divide this sum equally between them, and each will have $639,48. If the purchase of laborers in Virginia, Maryland, Kentucky, and elsewhere, and the production of cotton for all who consume it, are not more profita ble than New York induMry, how did it happen that the citizens of Georgia were worth, in 1850, nearly twice as much per capita as those of Ntw York x The Journal of Commerce of the 8ih January last, if 1 mistake not, contained a brief abstract of the most recent estimates of the real nd personal property of the several States, emanating from the office of ihe Secretary of the Trea?ury at Washington. Accord ing to that document, the State of New York has about $400 to rach inhabitant ; and Georgia $1,085 to each person capable by law of holding property. As a large share of the capital yearly cal'ed into ex istence by the labor of Georgia, is invested in the purchase of negroes out of the State, it would be absurd to divide the wealth of its citizens among these or olhei slaves held as property, in any estin-ate of State wealth. Neither the right nor the wrong of slavery is in any way involved in this purely eco nomical question of dollars and cents. Properly holders in bosh States use their money as they please in all lawful Wdys j and the result is that the indus trious, enterprising peoj le of Georgia have made and laid up about 150 per cent, more capital than the people of New York. The property holders of South Carolina have twice the wealth per capita possessed ! by the people of Massachusetts; and should the de mand for Southern staples, particularly cotton, rice j and sugar, continue, at rr munerating figures, as it doubtless will, there are natural advantages in favor of the South yet to be named, that will constantly, augment her wealth faster than it can be increased at the North with equal capital. It is true there has ben, and still is, a great lack of capital at the South to develop wisely her almost unlimited agricultural reeourcis, but her intelligent citizens do the best they cm to remedy this serious defect, as their unequaled industry in producing capital, and economy in saving it, bear witness. Their remarkable success is due in no small de gree to a peculiar and most favorable climate, in ad dition to choice planting lands by the hundre.l mil lion acres, which have literally cost them nothing. It Southern agricultnie were not peculiarly blest in reference to climate, no matter how fertile the soil, how extensive the planting area, nor how high the price of cotton, competition in other quarters of the world, and the cost of labor would soon render slave- holding equally unprofitable and undesirable. Every s. .1 ...111 .1 II.. L 1 I I I- inieiiigeni reiiuui w in uniuii mat siavenoiaing nas been more prosperous in the Southern Atlantic and Gulf States than in any other part of the world ; and that it is destined to continue so there cannot be a reasonable doubt. If property were entailed, and slaves not transferable from one estate to another, it might be otherwise. But so long as the South is fa vored with something like tropical summers, which at once keep out European laborers, and bring the cotton plant to its highest productiveness, negro la bor as now employed will be more profitable than any other. II our winters were relatively as warm as those of England and Ii eland, or the same they are in some parts of Mexico and Centtal America, such would be their relaxing depressing influence on planters, as to render our annual harvest of cotton no larger iban that of the Hritish possessions in Asia and the West Indies. If Georgi i summers are ad mirably adapted to the growth of cotton, Georgia winters are equally favorable to the development of of man's highest physical and intellectual energies. Without these advantages combined, her industry would not, 1 apprehend, be more productive than that of New York or Massachusetts. The tempera ture here is as high and prolonged as it oan be and not slowly take away all ambition to till the earth, not aB a means of subsistence, but to accumulate property. Cold, when not too intense, nor too pro traded, is nature's universal stimulus to industry, in vention, nd studious acquisition. The people of the North happily illustrate the soqndpess'of this theory ; but as it there takes the heat of two summers to ma ture a crop of wheat, and one ot corn on the same land, in succession, and as the wheat of one summer suffices in Gtorgia, it is plain that labor in the South has greatly the advantage. Any given amount of money and muscular toil yields a larger return in the Southern thuj in the Northern States, because vegetable vitality in the seeds of agricultural plants operates some months longer, and therefore more effectively in the warmer climate, for the benefit of hoth tillage and husband ry. Wherever there is sufficient industry and knowl edge to turn all the multiplying forces in plants and animals to a profitable account, in a Southern cli mate, consumption being reduced to its minimum with comfort, it is obvious lhat a wealth in plants and animals may be rapidly accumulated. I am far from saying lhat the self multiplying power of the cotton plant, or any other, is fully developed in Georgia : it is, however, cultivated with much great er skill and economy than is generally credited Hitherto land has been too cheap and abundant to be treated with that care, and attention ;o enduring fertility, which areobserve-l in more densely populat ed countries. Time and necessity, if nothing elsa cure this defect in Southern agriculture. " ' The growing demand for negro labor in ihe warm est parts of the South for the production of cotton, sugar and ri,ce, where white men work with discom' fort and relucantly, is sure to withdraw all slaves from those States, like Missouri and Virginia, where whites labor in tlje field withoujt inconvenience. Un protected. by .climate, the black man is just sufficient ly inferior to ihe white to be driven out of all employ ments but those of a mental character. He needs more care, guardianship and instruction than free laborers receive in this, or any other country ; and to secure to him these humanizing advantages, Provi dence seems to order that civilized man shall con sume largely of cotton fabrics, and thus give conse quence and needful protection to negroes, and their productive industry. If Europeans could perform their planting labors as well, or better than they do, the African race would soon be as much disregarded as the Indian ; and adopting most of tha vices with few of the virtues of the whites, their relapse into barbarism wo ild be inevitable. CATO. Athens, Ga., Feb., 1857. Profitable Gardening. One little " garden patch" of ours has been very profitable this season. The snails ate up the cucumbersthe chickens ate up the snails the neighbors.' cats ale up the chick ens, and we'are now in search of something that will eat up the citsJ ' Can any of bur agricultural' friends alrlu7 Budget. ' ; 'T ' ' ' An Unpromising Labor! Our ingenious neighbor, the National Intelligencer, has undertaken to con vince Virginia lhat a portioD of our national reve nues ought to be distributed among the several States. It has devoted several columns to prove the necessity and propriety of dividing among the Slates all moneys derived from the sales of ibe public lands. It uses the olt refuted arguments with reference to the constitutional power as well as expediency ; but, apparently doubting the effect of them, it Tesorts to a new mode of demonstration. Virginia is told that, if the Intelligencer's policy bad been adopted, she would have received sundry millions ot dollars from the national treasury, and might have accomplished sundry purposes with the same Not feeling confi dent as to the effect ot this statement, it presents laborious columns of figures to fhow what each coontv miffht have received if the State had drawn from the national treasury what it alleges would hft Virgin ia' share. It apparently expects to arouse ihe selfishness and cupidity of counties by directing their attention to what each colud have received. The Intelligencer seeks to make Virginia abandon ber ancient policy and adopt a new one, founded nnnn the rounder basis. It desires her to ienore the principles she has ever maintained in re lation to the tariff, and and adop' others based upon the theorv of ffivins awav our revenue derived from one source to create the necessity of obtaining the whole from another. This would lay the foundation for an enormously high taiiff With all the ingenuity displayed, we think our neighbor will find the labor bestowed upon Virginia to induce her to abandon ber long cherished piinciples, an unprofitable labor. It will require an argument of more force than is presented in a tempting array of figures, to induce her to abandon her fixed faith, and adopt that of her political enemies. Her judgment must be convinced before she will change her political action upon this or any other subject. Her political principles are as firm and durable, as her mountains, and are neither to be bought nor sold, nor shaken by motives of cu pidity. Washington Union. All Fools Day. The greatest " sell''' (we use the word in the broad est sense) that has ever excited ourrisibles, occurred in ihe city, of " magnificent distances" on Wednesday last, April 1. A gentleman who has just returned from Washington, and who reluctantly admitted him self a victim, gives us the particulars. It seems an enterprising bookseller of ihe Federal Metropolis, some few years ago, over estimating the popularity of Hon. John W. Forney, ordered an immense edition of some great speech delivered by that gentleman which at the lime created quite a sensation. Somewhat to the bookseller's surprise as well as loss, the speech wtnt off slowly, and for the last three or four years he has been appropriating it as wrapping paper and for other trifling purposes. This enterprising book seller, however, is a wide awake man, never losing an opportunit v to turn over an honest penny when he can. Ho knew very well, that because a man is not appreciated at one period of life, it is no good rea son, that such should be always the case j and he knew, moreover, that John W. Forney, in 1857, oc cupied a much more prominent position before the American people, than he did in 1852. With this knowledge in his possession, he deter mined to repair his looses, so on Wednesday last he supplied a score or more of newsboys with this long neglected speech, and at an early hour the streets of Washington resounded with the cry ot lt Fcrney's Great Speech for sale !" Citizens, oflVe-seekers, and everybody else, were all eager to catch a glimpse at this last great effort of the bold Pennsylvanian, and very rapidly transferred their dimes to the hands of these industrious little newsboys. None look the precaution to examine before purchasing, none dream ing that it was an old affair, and the consequence was that purchasers all found out, when too late to remedy the matter, that they had been incontinently " sold " and among the number we regret to include the joung gentleman from Petersburg, who furnishes the item. -Petersburg Express. Early Trade of Callfornlu. We-copy the following interes'ing reminiscence of of the early trade of California from the Pacific Sen tinel : From 1820 to 1835, or dating from the beginning of the country, a carious trade was carried on from Monterey in the shells of the Aulone. The traders in Monterey, or those vho resorted there in whale ships, used to buy these shell and take them down to the Sandwich Islands for sale to the merchants there. They were then shipped to Oregon, Vancou ver, and Russian America, to exchange for peltries, and articles with the coast Indians. The Indians would give one nor' west sea otter's tail for one au lone shell. These tails sold in China from $7 to $10. Higher up north in Russian America, the Indians would give one noi'west elk skin for three aulone shells. These nor'west elk skins, which are very large, and preserved by the Indians with smoke, would sell to the coast people, still further to the north, for one nor'west sea otter's skin of the largest kind, worth, in China, from $100 to $150. Almost the entirety of the trade was on Boston and Salem account, and immense fortunes were made by the down-east rnerohants in ibe various ins and outs of the trade in furs and peltries by their own capturing, or by exchanging gewgaws or rum with the simple savages of the coast from Cape San Lucas to Beh ring's Straits. Prior to 1830, these coasts and the neighboring is lands teemed with the sea otter, the skins of which, since 1776, had borne an immense price in China. In the old limes, prior to 1800, a simple cargo of Cal ifornia and Oregon furs has been known to purchase a valuable cargo of teas! worth three hundred thou sand or more dollars. This coast's fur trade has founded some of the richest mercantile houses of N. York and Boston. Of late yeans it has nearly died out, from the scarcity of the otter and the more limi ted demand for their skins. Some time between 1808 and 18lG, the Russians kept vessels-of-war ranging on the northwest coats to prevent the Boston ships from trading with the Indians, and correspondence of an animated character was carried on between Wash ington and St. Petersburgh to prevent it. Some cf the Russian American Indians were and are still a bright, smart, active people, and often made voyages as sailors in the Boston ships. One of these men, of tbe Clygamy tribe, called by the traders Bos ton Jack, had made a tripe to the New England ports in an American vessel, and returned to bis own peo ple aain, where he lived, built a stone house and was as friendly to the American traders as he was hostile to the Russians. One of the Boston captains presented him with a full military suit after he had become the chief of a petty clan of his nation strongly in the interests of the Americans. Jack had a boat, and used to do a great deal of smuggling, and was very cunning and vigilant in eluding the Russian Guar da Costa, ior he was an excellent sailor, and a blubber hunting whaler. Pi:blic Officers and Politicians. Secretary Cobb, in a letter to a gentleman holding a high office under eovcrnment. declares that the first duty of any gentleman holding position under his department is to tne government ana to tne people, and not to the ptrty to which he may happen to belong. He then adds : Holding, as you do, an office of great pecuniary responsibil ity, and one requiring your constant personal attention, 1 can not sanction the propriety ot your absence from your post for the purpose ot an active engagement in the approaching elec tion of your State. No one regard with more interest than I do the success ot the national Democratic party at thu import ant period in our history. But that success must not be pur chased at the expense of the public interest, which might be the ease if those holding high and imporant offices should absent themselves irom their posts to condact the canvass. A gentleman wanting a pair of boots made, went to a German friend in that line of business, and was measured. He called in a few days for his boots but tbe shoemaker said his wife was very sick ant he must wait a little longer. Again he called, but the poor fellow's wife had just been buried, and in his overwhelming grief he could not think of mak ing boots that week wait a hltle longer. . Finallv. auoai two wcess aner me poor snoemaicer bereave ment, the gentleman called again, thinking that bis boots must certainly be cone by that time. " Wei., my good friend, are my boots done yet V " No. ley bes not ton ; my vife tie, and I have ton noting but take care of de babies all de time. But," continued he, brightening up, " I bes goin to be mar ried to morrow nightden de first ting vat I make is ter boots. Operations of the Ukited States Mint.- The deposits at the Philadelphia mint daring March a mounted to $1,607,480, included $1,468,950 in gold, and $138,530 in silver. The month's coinage em braced 3,714,291 pieces of tbe value of 2,174,890, all in gold except $375,000 of silver ; of the latter there were 2,320,000 half dimes, 300,000 dimes, and 916,000 quarters. The gold coins were all double, half and quarter eagles. There are now on hand at the mint f 697,975 80 in gold coins, and $595,170 33 in flilver CQinsof various denominations. t rom the Savannah Georgiaa The New Tariff. The most important question which has ena the attention of Congress during the past session h been the reduction of the Tariff. There could h found no man bold enough to assert that the nec ty for such a step was not imminent. Numbe however, appeared as its antagonists, where it found to conflict with various interests. In the N England States, where the cotton and woolen man factories are principally earried on, of course, it m' with fierce opposition, allhough the reduction of d61 ties proposed ere trifling, with the additional i" ducement of dye stuffs free or with unimportant duti " and raw wool at 8 per cent. The iron interest Pennsylvania did violent battle, as it slightly infri ged upon the protection granted it. The South a.D unit upon the measure, as any reduction of the tff is her cardinal doctrine of politics, and can confl t with but one of her interests, to wit : that of .ua which is not even the paramount interest of the Stat in which it is raised. e Ae the bill came from the House of Representatives to the Senate, it could never have passed that bodv Mr. Hunter of Virginia, however, offered a substi tute, which in principle is right, and sustained it bv a most able speech on the 26th of February, it jg clear elucidation of the policy to be pursued for tho continued reduction of the Tariff. We are by no means ourselves satisfied with the '11, for the simple reason that, while the fre :! B extended to an extraordinary extent, the duties on manufactured cotton and woolen goods, iron &c of which the South is a large consumer, are not out down to the revenue standard. It is, however, a sten in the right direction, and we hail it as the harbinger of future progression m the same direction, and the ultimate triumph of free trade. The only problem connected with the matter is whether or not it will succeed in reducing the reve 'nue. Experionce baa taught us, both in England and this country, where the protective system has pre vailed, that a moderate reduction of the Tariff has increased the revenue of the country. Increased consumption more than supplies the deficit. Mr. Hunter so strongly and plainly lays bare the reasons for the measures, that we must give rticm to our readers. " They are so obvious that tbey must be remarked even by the most casual observer. Wt already gte that this overflowing treasury i3 affording tempta tions for the wildest and most extravagant schemes of expenditure, and none so wild but that it may find some advocates here and in the other House. VVe already hear or plans for distributing the surplus re venues amongst the States, and for thus changing the relations of this government to the States, so as to make it tlie almoner to collect and distribute reven ties amongst them as a majority here may choose, at its own arbitrary pleasure. We see, too, that this is affording temptation to combinations for ths nnrnnio of plunder amongst spoilsmen and placemen who hang about the treasury, and whose influence must be of the most corrupting character. You,perhan8) sir, Mr. Weller in the chair, reccllect, for we came into the House of representatives at nearly the same time, that at that day, when a member voted for an appropriation, he had to explain himself, and to an swer for it before the people; but now the rule seems to be reversed, and when he, votes againstan appro priation he is called to account, and is forced to give an explanation. Such a state of things is startling, and seems to admonish us, as strongly as anything can do of the necersity for diminishing the rate of duties and putting an end to the accumulation of this extravagant and surplus revenue. A just economy, Mr. President, is almost the greatest of public vir tues; indeed, it may be said to include nearly all those which look to the material prosperity of a peo ple alone. Nor can its moral influence be valued too highly; it causes governments to leave undone the things that ought to be done, and to do those things that ought not to be done. But how oan we hope for economy when a large surplus revenue affords so many temptations to a great and an irresponsible expenditure ? " But the financial reasons for resorting to some such measure as this, something which will deplete the treasury, and let loose the specie which is hoard ed up in its vaults into the general circulation of the country, are as strong as the political considerations. We are admonished by the Secretary of the Treasu ry nidi me surplus or specie accumulated in the raur of the treasury at the end of this year will be some $22,000,000 ; and I learn that the . actual balance is likely to exceed what was estimated. " By the end of the next fiscal year, and unless we act this session we can do nothing which will pre vent that surplus, without a resort to extravagant ap propriations, it is estimated that the balance will be some forty millions of dollars. Indeed, it probably will be larger than lhat. When we come to reflect that the whole specie currency of the country, as estimated by the Secretary of the Treasury, is only about two hundred and fifty millions of dollars, we can readily imagine the effect of locking up twenty, thirty, or fcrty millions of that specie in the vaults of the trea sury. Twenty years ago, before the discovery of gold in California and Australia, the present sum of money hoarded in the treasury would have occasion ed a most disastrous revulsion ; and if it has not done so already, it has only bnen because the constant production enabled us to supply this deficit as it was made by the action of our revenue system. But, sir, this has been done at a great expense to the country. We have not only lost the profits on this surplus capital, which is hoarded idly in the vaults of our treasury, but we have thrown on the productive in terest of the countr tbe expense of buying the spe cie which was necessary to fill up the vacuum thus occasioned, and to preserve the general level of the Bpecie currency of the country with that of the rest of tbe world ; that is to say these interests mu6t be forced either to do that or else the banks will make an effort to supply the vacuum bv a naner circulation. and thus expose us to the danger of another naner m a a revulsion. " Under these circumstances, the business men of the country have become alarmed, and I have receiv ed letter after letter, urging me to adopt, if I could do so consistently with my principles, almost any scheme adjustment which would diminish ibis sur plus. Although it may be possible, I will not say how probable, that tbe constant production of gold may enable us to continue to fill up tbe vacuum which is thus withdrawn, there is a chance that we may not be able to do so without the revulsion of which we have been speaking. Certain it is, that we can not do it without imposing a great burden on the productive interests of the country; that is to say, the expense of buying that much more specie to fill up the vacuum thus artificially made to preserve the specie level. If we do not preserve this level it is manifest that there must be a contraction and revul sion. Under Buch circumstances, I have felt myself not only authorized, but required to press on this body the consideration of some measure whose object it was to diminish this surplus revenue, and turn loose the specie into the general circulation of tbe country. " I know lhat there is another remedy proposed, that of large and extravagant appropriations, that of turn'ng the money loose in the shape of appropria tions for various objects, or for distribution amongst the various States; but surely I need not wasta a moment in weighing the comparative merits of a plan which reduces taxation, and leaves this money in the pockets of the people, which does not with draw it unnecessarily from them, and the other which proposes large, wasteful, and, it may be, unnecessary expenditare." Fitural-w luralia. The boys in New York are now hawking upon the streets of that city, a two penny ditty, entitled " John Dean and his own Mary Ann ; or, the Gallant Young Coachman." It is set to the dolorous air of " Villikins and his Pinah," and the first stanza runs thus : Jb listen to me while a story I te!l? Jt will pleaie you to death, I Ippw yery wall, It't about on John Diao, a coachman by trad, Who inveigld the 'fections of a rich young maid. Ritural li luralia. There ia fame for you, of theFalstaff kind "write ballads about you and have them sung to filthy tunes ! Meteors at Sea. Capt. L. Soule, of the barque Oregon, airived at New York on Wednesday from Havre, reports that on the 25tb of March, in lat. 41 06, long. 66 30, during a d ense fog, three balls of fire passed over the vessel, making a noise similar to a hock from a cannon. The last one burst from the masthead, casting sparks all about the dek. Every person on deck at the lime was knocked down, but without injury. Ruins. A country paper lately got up an aooa"fc of a fire, headed. Destructive Fire Eleven BuiW iDgs, ten Horses and one Cow m Ruins."
Wilmington Journal [1844-1895] (Wilmington, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
April 10, 1857, edition 1
2
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