North Carolina Newspapers

L.nifrn cviTEfi OP AMEBIC A. rotjw"""" " Wn KINGTON, N. C.. SATOSPAY.FEBBPY8 1864. -Thk expedition saidloW been grated for the f,ptnre oKewbern by oar forces tftder Gen. Picket, taa come to an end. That is to eay, Gen. Picket ad vanced to witin 1 1-2 miles of Newbern, according to kj, own telegram to Gen. Cootie, and he has since fritisdrawn his forces without firiDg a gun or making icy assault for the capture of the town. We do cot know who i3 to blame for this failure. Somebody is responsible, and we hope the responsible person, who ever be may be, will be ferretted out. We have noth ing against any commander ; we know not one of them personally, and only speak the sentiments of this com cmni'y ttfcn we assure them that the people have been appointed. But we suppose civilians are not capable oi forming correct conclusions. Yet civilians will bare their opinions, and somehow or other they have a way of expressing themselves and giving vent to their, feelings. Somebody is to blame. It is tinJy these failures in Eastern North Carolina were put a stop to. Lest year we beeeiged Washington for several weeks, and came away without accomplishing anything. Now we lave witnessed a repetition of the same thing with regard to Newbern, only it has not taken so long to dp cothing. To sum up, the expedition marched from Rioaton, captured a Yankee out-post consisting of two or three hundred Yankees and.cegroes, camp equippage Jcc, and destroyed one gunboat, and marched back again. 1 his appears to be about the sum and sub stance of tbe whole matter, except the loss of the lamenv l Col.II. M. Shaw, of the 8th N. C. i., and some 35 own in killed and wounded. The lof s of Col. Shaw is to be seriously regretted. Ue was a brave and true man, and highly esteemed by Lis many acquaintances, and had, so far as we know, the fall confidence of his regiment. Jn connection with this affair the Raleigh Standard, of the 5th inBt., says : . P0ST8 tbitt. We learn that a dispatch u received by Got. Vance on Thursday morning, from Goldsborongh, stating 'hat Newbern would not be attacked by onr forces or account ot tne Btrengm oi me ioruncauons vi place. The Progress, of the same date says : w h.nvfl no idea that thpre was bet purpose to attack Newbern, unless it should have been found. J a defenseless condition, but Biropiy 10 jeei ma situation aim ujbbuoi-u-vantags of it as might be lound convenient. The Progress may be right in saying that it has " no idea that there was any purpose to attack Newbern," JLc. We say there was an idea to make the attack, or everybody we have seen and talked with have been de ceived, which may be possible, bnt by ro means proba b!e. We have received but very littla information from our army in the neighborhood of Kinston or Newbern vesterdav. There is any number of J lliVV -w - " J W W reports in circulation. Whether they are correct or not is more than we can pretend to say, and we do not de nirp to nrint them. We would caution'our readers W v w i against believing htf they hear. The only reliable in formation we have is, that it is known certain that com munication from Morehead City to Newbern by railroad has been cut eff by a division of our forces. We hope to get something reliable during the day, or at least in a day or two. Exchange or Prisoners. CommiBsioner Ovld pub lishes a notic' in tbe Confederate papers, which appears in the Journal to-day, declaring exchanged all paroled officcra, soldiers, or civilians received at City Point be fore the 1st of January, 1864; all officers and men captured at Yicksburg who reported for duty at Enter prise, Mis3., at any time prior to the 14th of Novem ber, 1SG3, and all cfScers and men captured at Ticks, burg, belonging to the 1st Tennessee Heavy Artillery, who reported for duty at Marietta, Georgia. Tli War News. The HicbmcLd Examiner of the 2nd icst, under the above Lead, publishes the following : Tho f ollowing official dispatch was received at the War lpartwent yesterday : " Jackson, via Weldon, N. C, ) 'January Slat, i86i. J " Gen. 8. Cooper, &c : "Yesterday morning engaged the eremy with a force of "two hundred men ana a mountain riiie piece. Altera "fight of twa hours, in wh.ch we ensraged twelve hundred "oi tho enemy and three pieces of artillery, the Yankee. "v7Pre driven from Windsor North Carolina, to their boats. "We lost six men. The loss of the enemy is not knows. 'J. It. tiRlFFlN, "Colonel Commanding." Advices cf the most reliable character from Nortlr Carolina leave no doubt that the enemy is concentra ting large forces at Newbern and Alorehead City. In a few d ya th? public may expect the development of the crisia. We are a?sured by an clBcer from Gen. Lee's lines that tbe popular reports of the scarcity of meat sup plies ia the army of Northern Virginia are exaggera ted. Although the rations of meat are reduced, the soldiers are now drawing full rations of sugar and of exi client ceffee, and are well pleased to have these lux cries in compensation for their scanty allowances of meat. The following communication will be read with io m terest, and tbe writer has cur thanks for hia kind at tentions fo our paper. We hope he will keep up his correspondence : Camp Bcrqwtsk, near Wilmington, N. (J., ) Feb. 3d, 1864. f Ms. Editor : Having only one other correspondent. I find that 1 cncot iC3ifct the temptation to drop you a line low and then, in order that your readers may not remain in iencrance of what is going on here and there where I have been. In my rambles among the Uttfiiios, atd becpsn too, 1 trcquently n3n up facts and . . A ? II 4. . ini-ioeno nai win serve io amuse ana instruct your vi i . reaaeis. i nave manapea, mrougu tne Kindness of a friend, to secure three clippings from the " Poet's Cor cer " of the " Philadelphia Evening Journal." They 1 1 f .a. " ttiow a Doiacess ana spirit oi resistance that is some what Burprising, when we consider at how recent a pe riod eucb things would have been considered treasons ble and might have cost the writer and publisher both ua imprisonment within the dreaded walls of Fort La fayette The " Journal " is the organ of the Pennsyl vania uopperneaos, who seem to nave increased in num bers since Lee showed them an example of Southern chivalry. I he terms ' Copperhead " and u Buffalo " tire synonymous ; the Coppers b.iogas cordially hated oy ice l anueeB as are the Kuna by us. There are not so many Bufl llos among us as there are Copperheads among the Yankees : 1 suppose they will ncrober over half a million at this time. The term " Buffalo " took its origm from the fact that a great many ot those who "V J t 1 II- . . went iii -ir ever a rea cccKaue, ana oiuuea and swore thai they eouM slaughter ever so many Yankees, pro- viaeu ice i anEees wouia only let them get close enough were tbe very first to turn tail and run on the approach of danger and bellow " Subjugated ! Subjugated I" So mey were eaid to have lost their horns and were called Buffalos but this class gradually lost that name and weni oy mat ot Exempts or Conscnvts. while the Un ion shrifckers, and those who voluuteered in the Yankee service, toos tee name ot Buffalo." I am not sufficient. ly well acquainted with Yankee uord making to give .Kic kiaf Mn IVnna.k 1 . uui? ujaiuijr ui iuc nuiu vu'jJnucau, BUU SH8I1 EOl meU "die with it further. 1 don t tnow whether tbe circumstances of tha mur der of Dr. Leavy, of Chowan county, have yet got into the papers or not. At any rate such atrocities cannot be brought too frequently before the minds and eyes of fka rrrtrJn !l T u l a t T . me pcvic, ouu in iai3 ine uovernment may learn of them, and be induced to take some mersures towards putting a stop to tfcera in future. Some time last year tbe Yankees went to Dr. Leavy's Knn..-J : - J a n : ... "vuacou-j i-uincu vu. au ma negroes and ms provisions. This vear, with the helD of hia chiirfren ha man.mi to raise a safficient crop for the maintenance of himself una iamvy. About hve or six weeks ago, the Buffalos being on a raid in ChowaD, went to the Dr.'s house and demanded his com. ne refuEerto give his consent for them to take it, and eo they told him they would break down the door and take u any how. Whereupon, the WrTnT I " l" e W11Q Paion, told them that ms wou.u snoot the Urat man that attemnted tn enter hia barn Ageing a little intimidated by the Dr 'a .minted . thev went nff withf Mdijua mmua manner, they went off without Shortly, however, tht'y came back again, aceonipaoif.. by an armed body of U. S. wanm. wua. itit-y MkJ seen down to out o! th guuboata ami oi-cudi wun then)', probably as u, show cf more authority, t it way be they thought to intimidate the ir. iu meir turn. At any rate, he waa not intjmicatra in me .east, and when ttey attempted to go info hie barn he, vtry un wisely, let his passion get tbe n a?tery, and fired at them. I did cot learn whether tte shot took tflect. Imme diately upon discharging Li un he was eeize and hanged with a rope which they had brought for the purpose, iq ail prouao.iity suspecting from what they knew of his character, that be would prove as gocd as his word, and wishing lor tn opportunity to hut g tim. The worst feature of the whole case was. that they tune him in frcnt of his own door, and in tbe presence of his family. They have endeavored to kef p this -.flair very secret, for what cause I am not aware, tor they -ao murder onr citizens with impaniry at any tiin?. These murders are of Ire quent occurrence, and the attention of the Government has been often called to them through the public journals, but I have yet to learn of any ac tion having been taken in regard to them. I hope these things will meet with ths eyes of some ot the Union lovers who are still left in our midst and are endeavoring to disseminate the sentiment more widely bwneans ot peace meetings. The Yankees claim to have the best market in East- iorth Carolina in the world. Nearly everybody as taken tbe oath down there, some from choice, and ibers from necessity. A great many of them would have held out and not taken it at all, bnt for a man named McLese, who went down from Raleigh where he bad been on seme easiness, and told them that Gover nor Vance said they had better take it. The Yankees now buy fresh pork at their picket stands for five cents a pound, and every other production cf the country at prices proportiooately small. 1 do not think I 6houId be very far wrong in my estimate, to say tbaf over a hundred dozen egga ate bought every day at one stand nefr Plymouth, end that, too, for a mere song. The consequence is, that Confederate money is not worth as jouch in the Eastern-part of the State as it is in New York. Why is thi3 ? They can sell their produce for greenbacks, and greenbacks will buy them sugar, coffee, tea, cheese, and a thousand other things that they are just as well off without. Whiskey is plenty among them, and they make gocd use of it. I have heard of thousands of pounds of pork and bacon that had been hid, so that when cur troops might retake the Eastern counties, there would be no scarcity. The thousands of pounds that wa3 run through their lines every week, has dwindled down to a very email quantity. The peo ple have been forced to tcke the oath and parole of Butler, and they are afraid to run out their bacon. It will all go to feed Yankee soldiers, for they can sell it for greenbacks, and with them they can get what they want, ori if they have more than they can dispose of in this way, they send them to Richmond and get fifteen or twenty for one in Confederates. Space will not ad mit of my saying more, though I have a thousand things that would be interesting to your readers. ROANOKE. CA KU. M VRTLB Soni, Nkw IIanovek Countt, ) February ftb, 1804. Editors Wilmington Journal : Allow me a few lines in your columns to answer the long and confu3ed card of Capt. Cubbines, who vainly endeavor 8 to throw the bis me of the less of tbe fine Steamer " Wild Payrell " upon your humble servant. Tbe Captain states that on the 31st he had good ob servations at noon lat. 32 deg. 15 min. North Jong, 77 deg. 32 min. "West. Wh y was it then that he made land at Rich Inlet, about tw.nty miies North of New Inlet, and did not know where be was ? Does any intelligent man say tLat this was tbe the pilot's fault ? It is svpposed to be the duty of tbe Master of a blockade runner to bring his ship at or near the bar be wishes to cross and the pilot is paid for bringing her over. llis card is the first information I ever had that I was to take charge of tho ship when she reached ten fathoms water. If the Captain had brought his ship within a reason able distance of New Inlet, I would hav brought her an safely, but he made land on a. misty morning, when no marks could be discovered, and he could not tell me whether the steamer was North or South of New Inlet. I was never given charge cf the ship, but I'gave my advice when we ' found ourselves befogged on a strange shore, and think, had it been followed, the " Wild Day rell " would nDW have been on her return trip to Nas sau. The Master's card i3 self condemning, if it were true. It shows that he gave up his ship to the pilot when it was his business to have kept command. The signatures of the whole ship's crew with a few honorable exceptions to the statement that all the details of what passed between the Captain and myself came under their-notice, ie simply absurd. How could the ship be properly managed When all the liremen, and all the seamen, the cook, steward, Sec, were listening to the conversations between the master and his pilot ? But I do not blame tbe poor fellows for signing the statement the public know the relation between an English master and his crew. I have been a pilot thirty-tight years, and this is the first ship I have ever been on that met with any acci dent, and I would cheerfully havegivt n all I have made in the business to have savtd her for her liberal and enterprising owners. JAMES BHBRIS, Late pilot Steamer "Wild Dtyrcll." For the Journal. CAur 20m N. C. Rug't A. N. V. I January 31st, 16G4. j Messrs. Editors : Since my la&t coaimucication, the old 20th has bad her tour on picket, which is now that we are in winter quarters, the hardest duty we have to perform, for the banks of the Rgpidan iu bad weather, (and we scarcely have any other sort here now.) present anything but an agreeable situation to a soldier, though we manage to take this like many other disagreeable things, without much useless complaint. The weather, however, for the past eight days has been as fine here as I ever saw iu North Carolina at this season, bnt thi3 is a rate occurence. Our Brigade (Johnston's) was paraded on the 27th inst., to ascertain who would re-enlitt lor the wr, when four fifths of the 20th promptly stepped forward and offered their services. Ia this we do not claim to have done more than our duty, bat we beg leave to call the attention of our desponding soldiery who have naver smelt Yankee pow dar to tho fact. Many others of our division (pedes') hav? also re-enlisted f or the war. Assistant Surgeon J. 11. Kicks of the 'iOth has been placed in command of Coipariy E. sr-d H.revet 2d1 Lieut James H. Dasher of Company C. 30ta N. C. T., has been elected 2nd Lieut. Compr.ny G, 20h N. C. T. rcnrs,&c, D. K. B., Company G. "PEACK! P ACE! BUT T11KUE IS NO PEACE." The New York News asserts that Fernando Wood ia for "Peace," and speaks as follows of the Democratic Congressional caucos Tately held la Washington City : "At ttat cauens tbe speakers were Senators Powell and Saulsbury, and Messrs. J. C Allec, Rcbertson, Uolman, Cox, Pendleton, Fernando Wood and others cf the House cf Representativee. Not one of these gentlemen advocated or intimated a desire for a war platform. On the contrary, every allusion made to the subject was against the war. Senators Powell aEd Saulsbury and Mayor Wood denouoced it boldly and no Bpeaker took opposite gronnos " ?. "The only business transacted was the appointment cf a special committee tf two frcm the Senate and five from the House, to whom was referred the whole subject, including fixing a time and place to hoid the next Dem ocratic National Convention. 'Ihe following gentlemen compose this committee, viz : Davis, of Kentocky, and Hendrick3, cf Indiana, cn tbe part c f the Senate, and Messrs. J. C All.n, of Illinois, Fernando Wood, of New York, Wm Q. Steel, of New Jersey, Bliss, cf Ohio, and Miller, cf Pennyelvania, on the part cf the House. "If the sentiments ot these gecthmen on this subject are oi any conseqaence, we ktow tnat a incyanty are openly ayowed peace men. "The fact is, that seven-eights of the, Democratic mem bers of Congress are the friends cl' peace end opposed to the war. This will be made apparent before the close of the ees3ion, and be more fully manifested in the next National Uonveation. Tti Bill Creating ihe Office of Knlgulu tint Arm)-. The followine is the bill introduced by Mr. Phelan, and referred to in the Senate proceedings of yesterday aa having passed that body. 'J he color bearer of u regiment is generally made the target ot the enemy, and aa tne standard is tne railviccr point ot tne com mand, the office should ba filled by a soldier of great coolness and undoubted courage- ' It is the post of danger, and we are pleased to sve that the proper rank will Hereafter te attached 10 the position : Be it enacted, etc.. That there shilt be appointed by ths President to each regiment of infantry in the army of the Confederate States an officer to be known aa enBign, with the rank, pay, and allowance of a First Lieutenant, whose duty it stall be to bear the colors of the regiment, bat without tight to command in the field." Mchmond SeniineU i The Pennsylvania Democratic State Committee have issued a call for a State Convention, to be held at Phil adelphia oa the 24th of March. Ti the MutUr of AlrXdr Wti!li. Habeut Corpus from Moore County. (he P-titiorer bieg .iable to military eervice, waa dra't ed in 18C2 and luriiiebed a ubtitu-B over 45 years of flje. The furi8titut- aa accepted, mustered Into service for th'ee veirt or tte war, and Petitioner rtgolarly dii- cLrg-d. , The Pe' if toner is cow undt-r urrfsr by order of the enroll ing officer : f Moriv roiti'y, under tbe w.' of Corgrcss ap proved J nn'y 5, 1P64, Tr at no petfcon shall be ezemted from milita'-y f ervice by reason of Lis having furnished a substitute." Petitioner insists that the Act ot Congress is in viotation of the Ciustitution of the Confederate States, and bo his ar rest in illegal. " 1 he question whttht r a law is vou ior ns repngnaEcy to tbe Constitution ib at all timss one of much delicacy, which cufih. peldom if ever to be dtcidf d in the affirmative in a doubtful case. The Court, hen impelled by duty to render such a judgement, would be unworthy of its eta tioa, coatd it be unmindful of the solemn obligations which that station imposes But it ia not on slight implication and vagce cotjectu e, that the Legislature is to be pro nounced to have transcended i's powers, and its acts to be considered void. Ihe opposition between the Coatitu tion and the law should be Buch, that the J edge fe.ls a clear and strong conviction of their incompatibility with each other. Ag tbe Court can never be unmindful of the solemn duty imposed on tbe judicial department, when a claim Is supported by an act which cotflicts wi h the-Con-Btitution, so the Court can never be unmindful of its duty to ob?y laws whicli are authorized bv that instrument." Marshall, C. J., Fletcher v. Peck, 6 Cranch 87, and U. 8. vs. Fisher, 3 Cranch 358. There ia nothing in the Constitution of the Confederate 8tates which forbids Corgress to ptss laws v:olating the obligation cf contracts, though inch power ia denied to the several States; nor which forbids tte Legislature of a State to exercise judicial functions ; nor which applies to a State law which divesfed rights, vested by law in an individual, nrnvirtprl it rffsrt be not to imnair the obligatic n of a con tract ; nor to retrospective laws which do not impair the obligation of contracts tr partake cf the character cf ex post facto laws. Evans v. Faton, 1 Peters' C. C. B. 322 ; batt. rlee v. Mattbew.on. 2 Pe'ers' R. 413 ; Watson v. Mer cer, 8 Peters' 88 ; Charts Eivsr Bridge v. Warren Bridge, et al.. 11 Peters' 5S9. So it is not every act which in some view may etm to be a gieat hartlslip on the citizen, or tgainst our preconceiv ed notions of ripbt aEd natural justice, which is agaiiiSt th.' Constitution of the Cotffderattt fcithtes We couhlnU ap ply on' Declaration of Biph s and Mate Constitution, ss a qiare and level to any asd every act ot cur own Legiela nrf. which ' mirht work teconv.Bience or hardship, or wbich might seem to arbitrary If g'slation ; and in con siderirg the question' cf lai?, whether an act f f Congress is in violation ot the Ccnstiiirion of the. Confederate States, the great rights secured by cur Declaat?on of Bights and State Constitution are abt-tract. " Can the conetf uction of the Federsl Constiiu iou d3 pend upon a reference to a State Constitution and by which the act complained of is ascertained to be legal or illegal ? By this doctrine, tbe ect, if done in conformity to the State CoLBtitution, would be free frrm oi jction ui.der the Fede ral Constitution, but if this conformity do not cxnt, then the act would not be ires from such objection. This, in ef fect, would incotporate the r tate Cons 'itu-ion in and make it part of the Federal Constitu ioa. No tuch , rule o; con struction exists." Cba'lss River Bridge Co. v. Warren Bridge et a!., 11 Petero' 579. Arguments lounded upon hardehi,. will 1 e tnutlcd to great weight when the words of a statue are o'bcure a:d open to conjunction, but can never sanction a construc tion, at variabce with the n snifest nieanirg cf the 1 egif lature, expressed in plain and urambiguoos terms. Ti e ar gument ab inconvenientto is under mat y csrcun stances valid to this extent, ai d the law will soonei setter a pri vate n iscbief thau a public inconvt nierce. it is better to softer a mischief which is peculiar :o ooe, than tn incon venience whicL may prejedice many. Browis Legal Max ims, 86. Ca de-r et vx e. Bull et us, 3 Dill. :-8G, Iualell, J. Evana vs. Jordan, 9 Cranch 203. It baB been ured egairst the ect, that it is hot ou.y re trosDeciive in its operation.'divesting vested rpht:. but is I against anotL:r clear principle of ju.tice in making nocom- pensauon 10 tne pnmip-i mi wut" ws ua. yam w ma ou in stitute under the former act, whicii author iz d him to em ploy a Buls'itnte. There iB 110 prohibition in "ht. Ccnslita tion agamiit CcngreBS passing laws retrospective in the;r operation or which may div.st vested righ's. Tie v ords are not to be found in the Cotetituti n nor acy synonym ! for i ate them- It i tiua that the Constitution oi tne coniecier- ate States probibi s Congress from pa&s.Dg any " ex post fnrln lam or law dsr.viue or iiupairirg the richt of proper ty ia negro slaves ;" but whatever may bo iho general primary etjmolegy of tt e teim ex post facto, it i now and has been frcm a period long anterior to the adaption of the Constitution of tie Uni ed States, welltett.ed. oj- lcgifli tors, Authors ai.d judicial deciai-nrt, that it re ates to penal and crimu;el laws, which impo&e uni-lments or torlei tu es, acd not to 'civii proceedings which afltct private riohtH lf-trosiiectivelv. Watson vs. Mercer, 8 Pet. rs 88 : ca'.er vs. Butt. 3 Dall. 380 ; BtBte vs. Bona, 4 Jor.es a : Dichiiison vs. Dickinscn. 3 liur. i'27; B,ackst;ns ; V der alist ; El'iott's Debates on tie Ftdeia! Constitu'h'n; Kent; Story. In Pattcrlee vs. MaUhews .n, 2 Teters 41f, Mr. Ja -tice Johnson says, ''The wlole of this difficulty arses out, of that unh.ppy idea ihat the phif.ec exivst facto in tho Con stitution ot the United Staves wan to: need to critaiual cases exclusively, a decision wh c i leaves a large clusa ot arbitrary leRislat.ve acts without the prohibition of the Constitu.ion." Whatever may be the tUcct oi ihe decisiou ita lex scripia est" an adaitioEal wguiccM iLight be drawn, i! one were needed, to -how Its admitted ltatiicted applicition, in the eccuii y which u now seciticaUy given to property in slaves, gainst lefjislaiion by Coi:grts3, by the clause aboved quoted frcm tha Coniederate Constitu tion, sec. 9. cl. 4 : "No bill of attauder, ex po?l facto law, or law denying or impairing the right of property in negro slaves shall be paseed." Principals " and others will hay, tht itVould have been but justice iu Congress to lettf re the diaount, or some portion? which was paid to eubaiiiutow under the act which gave ti tm authority to employ them, or to nuke Borue compersation for whatia lost to th.m by th? acv iu question ; but this viaw, though perhaps an equitable one, cannot have a contiolliig n-fluence. In the U. va. Schooner Peggy, 1 Cranch 103, Marshall, C. 'J., says, " Jt is true that in mere private cases, betwes-u iu ividuals, a Court will and ought to syuggie hard agiicbt a con.truc tion which will, ty a rwtrcsptciive operain, ijiit t the rights of parties ; but ia great nttioi-ai concern?, where infHvif-n&l richts. acouited by war, are eaciiticed tor na- tionul nnrne3. the contract (reie ru g to ti.e i:c-ty be tween Fiance and the United States, iu 10!) mki.g the sacrifice, ought always to receive a ct-tstrueuon coniorui ing to it3 manifest import ; and it the cation ha givvn up the vested r ehts of its citizens, is not for the courts, but for the Government, to consider whether it be a ci-fie prop er cr compensation, ktcch a case, the Cou-t ills, ot cide acctraiL'j to existing laws ; at-d it it bo necessary to set asids a judmeiit, right; ul uhen rendered, tut wii-ch cannot be affirmed umu violation of law, the jiidgnu-nt must be Bet aside." " The Congress shall have power to mue &na -Upper armies To make rules lur the fccvernment &hd r.f,un.iioii of the land and i.av6i fjicee." .rd "To make uii laws which shall be necessary and proper for cair,j i; g iaio exe cution the forgoing power? axd alt other powers vested toy this Constitution in the gbveriment ot the Coi 'federate States, or in any departrntnt or officer theuof." S-tc. 8, cl. 12, 14. 18, Constitution Conu derate States " The gov ernment of the Union ia a cverLmeLt oi the people, it emanates from them; i s powers are granted by th&m, and pre to be exercised direoUy on thtm tud for trer btn efit. The government hich his a rif ht to oo an at, and baa impobed on it tho duty ot ptr.oriiiig that act, LUt, according to the diotates oi reaton, ba allowed to elect the means. If the enu be legitimate and within the hcope ef tbe Constitution, all ihe meais which aie appropiiate wbich aie plainly adapted to that t-Ld, and which are not prohibited, may cocsutaiiocaliy be employed to c.iryit into eUect. The degree of its neoeBS-ty Jb a qaestion oi legislative discretion, tot of judicial cou zmcc." caldcr et bx vs. Bull et nx, J Dail. licC, Inutli, J. legislative power is the life piiaciplo whicu ditectB th3 operation of civil authority. " The Cocgres.-i hil havt power" &c, not one Congress, bu eveii Coig t-e,, to tx eicise this sovereign power to make ail la s wh- .h shall ha EBpRfsarv and nrorer fcr carivicsr i' to exec U j.n ;Le granted po sci s. It ol Congress cau byi g auoa on a great uatioiial uhject. control tie action oi tho .lx; Con gress on the sa.fi.ft i ubjet, ii cn. lo t o tn perpetuvm, at d thus the express po.er graiiit j t- i'ie Oongrtiss to tu.kt. all laws which shall be ntcctr-&i tt..i roper ior carrying mto.execuion the grained povrcj., bit - ts a ciad ieiter. This principla ct the soveici i- y o J'gifclatit-'r! is . cw setthd in a legislative inaxiru. " svi ot pariiati; --" rogatiDg from the power of subsequent pariian?rta. ltd not. Because the legislative, being in truth the soverign power, is alwajs cf equal, always of absolute authority ; it acknowledges no euperior upon earth, which the pi ior legislature mast have been, if its ordinances could bird a subsequent parliament. 1 1. 00; 1 Corrm. 90; Charles River Bridge vs. Warren Bridge et a!l, 11 Peters 420. The States have no power, by taxation or otherwise, to retard, impede, burden or in any manner coLtrol tte operation of the Constitutional laws enacted by Congress, to carry into execution tho power vested in the general government."- Marshall, C. J., Fletcher & feck, 2 Peters 3 us. Boppcse Congress were.to pasa an act .uspendlng the privilege of the writ of Habeas Cnrpus, so far as :t mitfht affect the act in question, natil forty days after the next session. At the next seesh n, thcold Coiigress deem it ne cessary acd proper to repeal tbe act,And should repeal it, and Judge were to issue the writ, as he is required to do, in .cation, under a penalty of two thousand nve iiiadied doll .rs, could the military department of tbe goverLmf nt claim that there was a vested right in ttat department un til the law should expire by limitation ? In the case of West Kiver Bridge Co. v Dix et al, 6 How. 5.10, the Supreme Court of the U. S. held that the ri. hi of eminent domain, one of the sovereign attributes of govern ment, and essential to its preservation ana tne proper per formance of its fuDC ions, is paramount to the right of pri vate property, and not only tbe property, bat the franchise of a corporation wm held subject to its exercise. The riihtxf eminent domain is certaily not more ?mportant acd essential to the' existence ot government and the proper exercise of its power, than the right te raise and support armies and to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper fcr carrying into execution this power in a time cf war, whan the very existence of the government, the liber ty ana lives ot the citizens, are at stage, in btate v Math ews, 3 Jones, 451, the Bank of Fayetteville wbb authorized by its charter, 1848. to issue one dollar notes. A subse quent act of the Legislatur,(1854,prohibitedthe circulation of such notes. Paarson, Judge ia delivering the opinion of the Court says, "Is authority to issue email roteu confer red by the charte. as a part of the essence of tbe contract, with the intention that it should be subject to such limita tion as the Legislature might at any time thereafter deec expedient to mako far the purpose of regulating the cur rency of the State ? This ia a mere question of construe- t on, and a plain statement seams sumoient to d ispcsd of it It is cansequentlv unreasonable to suppose that the General Assembly, admlttfus that it has the p . wer. would alien or surrender and make subject to any individual or corpora tion, a portion of its aoveroicrntv and thereby disaualifv it self from doing that, for which these ample powers are c oaf erred on it. It follows that to establish a contract on the part of the Legislature to relinquish any of its powers, plain and unequivocal words must bo used. In lookipg over tbe statute by which the Bank Is incorporated, we fiud su hcrity to issue notes given in general terms ; and although it may be inferred that' it wa then the policy, rather L?it there was no pnrpese not to allow the issuing ef email notes at that time, yet there is nothing which can . be fairly construed as a contract on the part of the Mate not to change the policy any afterwards prohibit their i.sce and ci eolation. Iheren to pledge to this effect. There are no words of contract Used, and in fact no woTds, which bv tbe utmost ingenuity ad straining, can be made to im ply a cor traet on the part of the Legislature, that it will not at any time regulate the currency, so as to prohibit the i e.uii g and circulation of small notes." In lf50 tse I egislt-turf of Ma-sachn'e'ts granted to Har vard UU ege the iberty and powei" to ditpose of a ler rv bv :eas or ott erie from Oharlestown to Boston, p ing over f bar ea River. Under th ' grant, the College cou tiLiKd t- hold the Kerry by its lesses and receive the pro fits ULtil 17. wheii the Legislature incorporated a com Dacv to build a bridge over Charles Biver where the Ferry stood, gat.ticg them tolls, the comp nj to pay to Earvfud ColU e two Luudred pounds a year during the Charter, for fort ear, which waa atterwards expended to seventy vears' i he bridge was built under this charter, and the corporation reo dved the tolls, always keeping the bridge in oider and performing all that was ei-j ined on them .to do Ir l'-2 the Legislature incjiporatea anovi -jr tuu for the election of auoiber bridge, the Wan en 1 u-se, over Charles Biver, commencing near where the Cbarles h.ver bridge ccmmetiCed and erminatirg m Bjstou about HO feet ircm the termination of the Charles River bridge ltey were authorized to take tolls for a .ew. years and it is now become free. T.avelera who formerly passed over the Charles River bridge, now pass over the Warren bridge, and thus t' r Charles River bridge to. are deprived of the tolls teev v. -Id otherwise have received. The value of the franchise granted by the act of 175 ia tow entirely des- Taw case. The Charles River Bridge vs. the Warren Bridge, 11 Peters 420, waa argued belere. the hnpreme Court of ihe U.B by thote great legal luminal tea, Mr. VLTnv.wr fr tho Pie ftnrl Mr. c.reenleat fcr tne Dis. Air. Webster insisted upon two points : 1st, Thai by the g.ant cf 1650 Harvard Co lege was eoli led in perpetuity to the right to keep a ferry between Georgetown and Uoston ; that tte right was ex-lusive, and the Legislature had lo iight to eatabheb another Ferrv oa ti.e sam line of travel, because it would iniringe tho i ights of the College and those of the Plaintiff under the Charter of 17t. 2d, 'ihat -the tin- coufttiuciioHoi tt-x acts of tbe L' gis:auM m Ma?achu sttts grantir g tte privilege to, bui'd a budge nect Searilj implied, that the Legi.dature would not an horize ai.e her bcidge, aDd especially a free one, by the side oftLe Charles Kiver bridge, so that the franchise which tbey held wcu'.d be of no value; and that this grant cf the fraibe of the ferry o the College, and the grant of the right oi pjntsge to the proprietors of the Charles River bi idge, is a contract which is impaired by the law authoriz n-f the erectioa oi the Warren bridge. In the course of hia argument Mr. Webster sujs, The counsel for the Defendants have s.id that tbe Plaintiffs have sustained no loirs but that of their golden prospects 'Iheyhave lost $11 their property; a property worth three hundred thousand dollars before the cew bridge v. as built, and now not vtorth thirty dollars The rights of tho Plaintiff, are no n of.opoly. The,; are the eijojment of the property for which they had pa d in ad v-uce; and which by a contract, made by ilc law, they were ei-ticled to etjoy for twenty years yet to cjnie. They cluim to hold what tbey have purchased. Thoae who hive assai.ed this property have taken it lroiu them ; have taken all fiom tuem wuhout compensation. Thi. presents the question whether the Constitution ot the United Mates has been violated ? Thea-o is no other issue made on tbis re cord. The PlaintUs do not eeek to interrupt the piogiess of improvements, but they ask to stay revolution, a revo lution atjaiust the foundations on which properly rests ; revolution wbich is attempted on the allcgatioa of men .po ly ; we. resist the clamor against legislative ects wbich have vested rights in individual, on principles ot equal ju tice to the State and to those who hold tbohe rights u.der the pro vieiocs of tho law. The eiecio . ot tLe bridge was au un dertaking ol great h zard, and the result ot the ettort to corsTuct it was considered exceeding y doubtful. It can not, therefore, be supposed that the IraEchisr. was to be diminished, and its er joyment to be limited. ' Nothing of this is expressed, aid nothing so uareadonable can be i.a pliad." Mr. C J, Taney, in delivering the opinion ot thj Court rays : " This act of incorporation is in the u uil form a-d the piivileges such as are commonly given to corf oratioiis of that kind. It confers on them the ordinary faculties ot a corporation, for the purpose of building the bridge, and establishes certain rates ot toll which the Company are au theiized to take. This is the whole grant. There is no exclusive privilege gwen to them over the wuteia of Charles liiver, above or Utloxo the bridge. Ao right to titct anoth er bridge themselves, nor to prtveiU other per&ons from erec ting one. -AO engagen ad from the ttate that another shall not be erected, ana no undertaking not to sanction competi tion, nor to make, improvements tltat may drministi ths amount of their income On all these subjects the Charier is siltnt. While the rights of private property are sacred ly guarded, we must not forget that Ue C-ina.u.ity also have rights, and thut the happiness and well being oi every citizen depeads on their faithful preservation, it ia very clear, that ia ihe form in which th s c,se comes be.oie ua, bei.ga writ of 'error to a btate Court, the plaiuiitfi in claiming under either of these rights ihe poiiith umue by Mr. WeD-iter. J must place themselves on the ground cf con tract, ui-d cannot support thtmsilves upon the pritcip;.' that the law divestB vested rights. It is well settiad by U-e dec.si jns of this Court, that a btate law may be retrospec tive in its character and may dive.-t vestcM rignta, and ye col viclite the Constitution ot tbu United Ma.ea, ualesi it also imparts the obl gation of a contract. Iu 'I Peters, 413, dattyiee vs. Mathewson, this Court,, in speaking oi the state law then before them and interpreting ti e article in the Constitution of .the United fctases whica fortida tte ibtate to pass laws impairing the obiig&ticn of coLtracis, uses the following language : "It (the atate law) is said to be retrospective ; be it so. But retrospective laws which do not impair the obligation of contracts), or partake ot the character of ex post facto laws, are not condemned or forbidden by any part of that iu. trument," (the constitu tion of the U. S.) and in another passage' fn the same case thu Court say, "the ot j ction. however, ihob: pressed up on the Court, was, that the effect of this act was to divest rights wbioh weie vested by law in Satterlee. There is certainly no partot the constitution of th3 U. 8. which ap plies to a (state law of this description ; nor are we &wdie of any decision of this or of any oiher Court, which lias condemned such a law upon this groand, p oviJcd its effect be not to impair the obligation of a contract. The same principles were re affirmed in this courts in the iate cse of Waon vs. Uercer, 'decided in 1S:M, 8 Pet. 110 : " As to tbe hist point, (say the court,) it is clear that this court has no right to pronounce an act of the State Legislate, e void, as contn : to the Constitution of the U. 8. lrom the mere fact that it digests antecedent rights of property Tho Constitution cf ths U. S. doss cot prohibit the Btatea from pasaieg retrospective laws, generally ; but only ex post facto laics." 'ihe object and end of all government is to remote the happiness and prosperity of the community a wmcn it ia eetabushed ; and it can Lever, be asaumfed, thtt the gover rnt intended to diminish its power of ac complishing tl.. . ..d for which it was created. A fctate ought never ' j oe presumed to surrender this power, be causs, like t- taxing power, the whole comuuniy have an itrterest i .reserving it undinrnished. 'ihe continued existence cf l .joverament would be of no great value, it by implications and m'sropresentfitions, it was disarmed of the powers necessary to accomplish the ends of its creation; atd the functioa it was designed to periorm, transferred to ihe bands of privileged Corporations." Hera is a much ttronger case from our own Supreme Ci urt : In McRee v Wilmington and Raleigh 11. R. Co., 2 Jones 1S6, under an act of Ass.mbly in 17tti, Htrron, un der whom the plaint ff tegulirly claimed, was authorized to erect and keep tip a tell biidge over the North iJist Branch of tho Cape Fear, and it wa. expressly provided in tbe Charter that it shall not be lawful fcr any person what evei to keep any ferry, build any bridge, or set any person or persons, carriage or carriages, cattle, hogs or sheep. ooer the said river, for fee or reward, icithin six miles of the same, under a penalty of twenty shillings for each and tvery offence." The bridge was erec ed whhinthe time preecnoed end kept op a toil bridge. Here is an " ex clusive privilege given to them over the waters cf " the. North i,t.at Branch, of the Caps Fear, within six miles al; ve Atd b?'ow the bridge." Hre is the rightto erect br'dc, aad " o prevent other persons frun erecting oa," w thi-j tLe lini't. Here is "au ens;agtrn-i5t from the Cta'e tbat -n ifher shall tot be reotcd " And here is "an u d-rtasjtijj uot to siucticn compe ition " nor any thing ei.e ' h u m y dittiiniili the amount of their income." t a'i thtbs subjects the charter is " expresp. The Rail road Company, by virtae ot its chirter, cracted in 183t erected a bricigo as part of the Railroad, over the North East (.ranch oi th Caj e P'ecr, wi'hiQ six mi en of ihe br.rfgo site .f the Pi jutiff. Judge Pearson, i.elivcrit'g the op.u ioa or the ourt Sitya. - Tbe tirst question is, was the mean--ing of the parlks, and, of course, the scope aud operation .of the coiitrac , c nflned to the ferries, bridges and other modes of setting persons and property over the river at that time known and in use ? Or was it the meaning of the parties, and was it in their contemplation, to confer upon Herron, his heirs and assigns, a perpetual monopoly of setting persons and property over the river, by meani. of his bridge, so that it should never thereafter be iu the pow er cf the Governor, Council and Assembly, no matter what might be the change in the condition of things, either in reference to the increased necessity tor transports across the river, or the improved modes of trans portation, to au horiz . any other mode of ciosairg the river ? We should hesitate long beforS bringing cur mitds to the conclusion tLat the letter is the true cou structi'Jta of the contract ; eecauee it w3a u treasonable upon the I art of Herron, in consideration of the services that he was to perform; to exact anv such siiou ati n. and because it was uareasonable that the Governor, Council and Assembly, in cotsideration of building a bridge, to confer a perpetual monopoly and take frcm themselves and their succetsors. for all time to come, the Dower of do- ing that for which ah Governments are organized promo ting the general welfare by adopting such measures as a neio condition of things might make necessary, and taking advantage of 6uch improvements and inventions as after ageB m ght orginate, tor the benefit of the pub ic; in other fforu.. u vs unrtusonuoie to suppose thai they intended to surrender the means, by which they and their successors m:ght thereafter be enabled to eject the purpose for which they were created and formed into a government " 1 regard these cases as the exponents of the principle in volved in the question now presented, and as by them it is decided that the respective acta of the Legislatures rf the States, brought in question, are not in violation of that clause of tha National Constitution which expressly prohib its the States from passing la.vs imnairinir the obligation cf contracts and & the Constitution cf the Confede.ate States does not expressly prohitjt Congrc-BJ from passing any such law, so 1 conclude, a fortiori, from the principle involved, that the Act of Congress ia question-is not ia violation cf that ir st rumen t. . Upon consideration it is ordered and adjudged, that ths Petitioner, Alexander Williams, be remanded to the custo dy of Captain N. Cnrrie, and that the Petitioner pay the osts ef this proceeding, to be taxed by the Clerk of tho Superior Court of Moore Countv. --n r rv T r- rm c tt B. B. i u&avn. jaage a. c. u. a. j.q. Lnbertoa, Jan'y 29, 1864 "Hallo ! I say, what did you say your medicine would care ?" "Oh, it will cure everything." "Well, I take a bottle ; maybe it'll heal my boots, they need it bad enough." UttlltalV Bill. The following bill baa been pesed by the Senate in secret session, and the injunction of Bccresy having been removed, we ate at liberty to fcive it to the public : A -Bill to organize forces to seive darirg the war. EKCTI05 1. The Congress of the Confederate Slates of America do enact, That, from acd after the passage of this act, all white men. residnt3 cT ihe Confederate fctate& between the agea of eighteen and fifty-five, shall bevin the military service of tie Confederate States for the war. Sec 2. " That a'l persons between the ages of 43 ard 65, not row in the army, shall enroll themse'vM r-ithin ncb tim a- d st Bach place or places in their resuertive coun ties m iriebcs. os raay be prescribed by the Presioeot, atd upon their fai ere to do so, tbe pet sou o tailing snail l.e com cribfld ir,tr tha armv iathe field ; and all details for provost and hospital guards, for commissary, quirtermss ,,r n., ,. hn,.T orr.nt.. rlprki. and truards. and t-r service in enforcing the conscript acts, and for t.nrnnsos. pxcent as hereinAfter nrovided. shall ail other ! be taken f ' - i : trom those persona who are between the ages of 46 and l, not now in the army, and from thoae below the age ei w, who are unfit for military service iu the field by reason of phjsical disabilitv. within thirty dajs from the passage of this act : Frovided, That in the trans-Mississippi depart ment the time for tbe enrollment aforesaid shall be sixty days : Provided'urther That all the persons herein named, between tLe pges of 45 and 55. phll only bo pliced in the service oct as details, as herein provided. Sec 3 That no percon shall be relieved from ths opera tion of bis law by reason ot having been heretf.Te dit-charge-1 fr the army, Trhera i.o dieabi i:y unw exists, nor shall tho e who have furiiishfd f-ubf r.ta'e be any lon er exempted by ra-cn il ertof: L'rvidt d, That no per son wi.o has Leieioioto been exempted on account of re ligious opinionF, and who ba paid ttie xax levied to r -lieve him from that service, shall ba ccn-cris: d nu Jr th s act rFC. 4 That all laws grsiititg exeiuptioM from uiiiitary scivice be, and the same are hereby, repi tiled; and that heteaf rer none shall be exempt except the followine : I. AU who shall be held to be unfit for military aerv'ce, under rules to be prescribed by tho Secretary of War. II Tbe Vice-President, of the Conf?:lerate States, the members cf Congress and cf the several tita'a Legislatures, and the cfficerB thereof, and such other Confederate ard State cfScers as tbe President or the Governors of he States, respectively, msy decla; e to be necessary for the proper administratiou of the Confederate ;5tare Govera meLtB. as the case may be. lH Every minister of ie!i?iop, tutboriz-.d to preach cc couliug to the inlcs of hu aetf, atd who waa, on tho 10th of Apiit, 162, and has been since, in the regular discharge of his ministerial dunes ; superintendents of asjlumns of tbe deaf, dumb and blind, atd of th? itifne ; ote editor of each newspaper established tnd be.uz pybluhed ou the 10th of April. l-fi2, who wa3 owner or eoiror of a rewspa per at that dat. and which has been so published re-gular-lv since that time, and pnch jouinfjnlen printers as .uch e.iitor may, aider oatn, ceci re ars muispensiuie mr prim ing said newspaper ; o " skilled apothecary i'i each aj-o'-h-ecarv store, who was ,'oi g busireMi. as such a;thecay, on the 10th of April, 1862, aid sbois now, and Las betu doing busi. ess siiiCa that tmie ; rU pbfcicitL-s over li e age of tLi.:y-five years, who now are, t ad ior tiHst s-vu yenrs havo b.'en, in tee actual acd regular practicaof their profession ; teucheis, whose Kchools, are cota;;03ed cf not ieps then twer-ty students, and whoare uov? engaged, and have been continuously engaged ia teaching1 for two years n xt preceding the passage of. this set : Fiovided, That where the occupations enumerated i" thit ciacsj Lave been eu-per ded by the iLvasion oi tlo uty.iv, fiid have been resumed at the place cf residence, or :t a'.y other place, the pe;eon9 herein mehtioQed fehaSl t !'l be etritied to ex eroption, if in other jespect.i, meeting the requirements of this and other exemption a:t5. IV. Fir the police and man.sgeo: -u of slaves, there sball be exempted one person on each faira or plantation tho sole pioertj ot a minor, or person ot unsound iui?d, c fernme sole, or a perpou ab3:nt fn ra hocia ia tbe uiiiitary or naval Bervice of the Confdei'acy, n s.hich there aie twenty or more tflec.ivo hands : Provided, The i eifcoa eo exempted was cn,plo;-ed, and acljng as ano-ei-eer, pre vious to the 16th of April, 18C2, l.d there ia no white ma'e adult on eaid term or piactatit n, who is not liable to mili &r? duty, which factt shall be veriieu by Ihi affiiaviti of said person, andtwo reypectable citizens, aadhtil! be filed with lie enrolling cflicer: And irovi0.td, The oiii'iier cf such fatm or TilastaUou, hii agent, or legal rcpiea'-iitativsr shall make aflidavi-, atd deliver t..e fiatue to the enroiliuu; cflicer, thit, aite' dil gent effort, eo oveneer on be pro cu cd for tuch farm or p la til at ion not liable to nuii'ary du ty ; Provided further, 'ihat this clause Hhall not exteLd to any farm r plantation on wtiich the nesroea have been placd by division, from any other farm or plantation since tho U'h day cf October, '62: Provided furUur, Tha t for eveiy j er.oa exempted aa aforesaid, ar.d duiiap the period of tuch exemption, there ehadbe paid, annually, into the pubiia treasury, by ths ownera of such slaves, the eucn if ti-. e Luadred dollars: Provided further, Ihat nothing herein contained ehall be so coub.ruf d aa to pi e vent the Piebident from detailing the owner of a plantation to oversee the same, uncn tho terms, aud in the cases, ere sncb ovner would hive tbeight to ciaiaijthe fxem -tion of an overseer to macv-ge eu'h plant ati.n. V. Provided, That nothii. he e;i coat lined 6hall be constiued to repeal the act approved April 14, 1SG3, en'i tled " An act to exempt coutractors for carring the mails ot the Confederate States, and the drivers of post-coach.s and hack, from military service Provided, further, That the exemptions herein granted thscl o.ily c .ntinue whilst the pe'soaB exempted hereby ire actually eigigad iu their respective puruitB oroccupatioa bKC. 5. That the Prebid-?Lt be. and Le ii hereby, au.h.r ized to graat details, under go, era! ju'es aud rea'ationa to be i8su3dfrom the War Department, ei.her lro-n persins between forty-five ar. i fifty live yeara o: age. or f.ora the army in the li.ld, in all cates where, in his jidrmot-t, jas 'ice, equity and necessity require that he thjuld ink. eucb detaus, and ho may rcvoke.snch order of details whenever he may think proper: Provided, That the poster herein ganted to the President to make details and exemptions, under ceitiin ciicurrstaDces, shall not be construed to au fhorizj the excinption or dc-tail cf tny coLtractor for f ar iiitshiDs supplies to the Government, by reason oi said con tract, unless the head orae.aJncrf the department shall certify that the personal services cf said contractor are m dispeDBaide to the execution cf the contract, and tlftit 'the same ia beicg carried out in good faith, ivd then never mote tfca one person tor each contract, or i f the ofliciers, clerks, Agents or employees rf express corcpanii'S. kxi'. 0. Ihat ory quartermaster or fcsais'ant qua. te: mas ter, ctriniiB!ary or isiutat;t cemmifsary, (other thanthee serving with b igades cr reg:ment(. in tiao lield,) or officer in the nitie bureau, proves, m-.r-i.-i, or enrollizig cflicer, who shall employ any person bc-'.Wf rr, ihe aes of eighteen and forty-five, who is liable to military duty jn ths field, as a clerk, agent, or ia acp ether wcy, slioll, upon conviction therebf by a court martial, or miiitary c-uri, be e chirred; and it sliall be the daty cf any dedartmeiit or dianijt coni maiider, upon proof, by the oath of sav creditable person, that any.qaarteruicster or assistant qu'irtcra.a3tcr, cora rji.6ary or ag.istant cctna-issary, or cflicer in t e n:tre bu reau, provost marshal, or enrollirfr cflicer, h.t violated this law, immediately to relieve said clBcer from his command, and take prompt measun s to have hina tried for aid of fence ; and any department or district coaimtirjder who shall fail to do es requ:red by thia act, as above stated, shall, upon conviction thereof, be dismissed the . ervice. tEC. 7. That in appointing kcal beards of eurgeoLS for the exanination of peasons Jiab'e to miMtary service, no member ccmpoaiDg ihe sems shall be appoiatsd fro-a the county in which eaid persons retide. Shc 8. That nothiDg herein contained ehall l e constru ed to repeal any port oi iLe act entitled "An act to provide father for the public dt fence," avprcved Ki'-h Apiil. or of the act ameiicatory theret , approved 27 h ot fcept. I8ti2, except as h refa eznress'y provided for. Frcm tho New Yoik Corre.-:poi dent of tte L3.:do.i UeraM. (5oe iLicc; )3 clerrly evident, c-veu at this early e.are ot tte iTt'Sitient s gatr;e. ted iS htr :,e frucceES.ul in JS o nui.tarj in&u cun bo ciuc- obtaioic? the nomination. I am mcliofd to tbink that Mr. be rcr:cinicjt'--d by hi3 jiarfy re-elected, or, if be is eo Lincoln v:ill U.;-l . -ii win fie rv w; hold hi. au- over in iLe wuy n-'in'jcu oar rv turan spL-ech. S;il', rajr.y cl u.'..ts. in iy fore November 7, 1804, v Lt-r,t t c I tr.u pi a c? be- :i(.n MLl eic tales place. If a casLicg Sou-jern General of the echool could be fcuud h-: would btonewall Jacksoa b8 in Washington before Hay, nr.d tbis would yc-riously ccmpMcpte the pit ns of the parlies -cusious to be the nest President, The j-ke cf Old Abe racking or rtipitir:g th-t ail the slaveholders Souin tlnnld take an oath to become Aboiiticn;sls after the rao9t radical pattern, has rot yet been settled. It will probably make the miiiions ia rebellion ten times mote ferocious than they cow are. T4is and a good miliUiry leader will soon change the face of things. So think the preat financiers of Wall street, for gold is up to 1D2, end sterling exchange at 1C5 higher than has been rfcchc-d lor some tia Breedstuffa are all up tco. The solid men hereMird elsewhere are all laughing at tie bill introduced into the United Ktates Senate by Senator Lane, of Kans s. It makes it a criminal offence lo buy or pell gold and Silver. It is COt likelv that siifh n hill will nnsa .nth Houses of Congress and become a lav. Yet there is no prophesying what will be donj with such a Congress u3 the present one. Four new States will be admitted thia session, mak- i ing thirty nine that will vote at the next Prr sidentiaf election. rl he new ones are Nevada, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. These will eive twelve electoral votes for Mr. Lincoln. Under Air. Lincoln's new ar rangement for reorganizing new States ou. of ol) ones, he will also get the votes of South Carolinaj Georgia, North Carolina, Virginia, Alabami, MiEsi.eippi, Louis iana, Texas, Florid., Arkansas, and Tennessee about thirty-nine electoral votes. It will be a fraud, but, aR they say, a justifiable one. We shall see. The admis sion of these new States will give a large administrative majority in both Ilousea for either the purposes of le gislation or for electing a President. '1 here may be a hitch in admitting utan, owing to ber poligamy in stitutions. Darli.-g Uobbery. On Sunday night, the 24th Januarv lest, the house .of Mr. John A. Taylor, of this town, waa entered by negroes, duringlhe absence of the family, and robbeJ of about one thousand dullard worth cf nrcpertv. con sisting of bed clothe?, wearing apparel, groceries, liquors, etc. Four negroes are implicated ; three have been ar rested, but the fourth, a de?perats fellow, is still at large in the wood3, where he had been for some time previous to the robbery. He should certainly be arrest ed and brought to condign punishment. A portion of the stolen articles have been recovered. Marion (S. C.) Star. TELEGKAPHIC tirpoiU of the Prs A-o-tatton. Entered according to the Act of CongTesn, jg the year 188 byJ. S. Thkashbh, in ihe Clerk s (.fficeof the I istiict Court of the Confederate State U.r the Northern District oi wportria. PBOH NORTUF.KN ViUOlNl A. sags C. H , Feb. 6th, 18G4. The Kiucht!,) ud Prlc.ce Witlian cavalry sent la a batc i f prisoner cap. ur. d near Ketth, New Kaaqaier, ou SnDdy Isst. :hy belong to the fitth corp ai.d r- poit .uiug H;n 'ieir unes. Uur scouts report tbe ex. everjimng quiet m their lines. emj grtiCting fbrlongha jaite liberally to re enlistt-d c.aa. . . t ON Ft p. AATK CONGRESS. RlCHUOMb, I-tb 5, 1 "ft In the Senate to-dy the Boose bill to increase tbetffi feieLcy of the aray by the employment of negroes iu cr taio cavscities, was teoorUd upon favorably by tbeSenatd Milita'-y C.ommittee, aEd placed on the calendar. Ihe Gn eral appropriation bill was amended and passed. Ou amendment proposed that no salary be paid to any officer appointed nnder the Provisional Goverrment, uulesg L4 has been re-appointed and confirmed since by the perm ne nt Government ; but, at the solicitation of several Sena tors, was withdrawn, 'ihe bill exempting farmers and planters v. ho lurciahed substitutes, was, on motion, tak.o up from the table yeas 14, nays 8 and tnade the spec'ai ordr for Tneeday next at 1 o'clock. lb the lloute cviderce of the re-cr.lietrtct cf larje tun. bets of troops-from the various States, were 'p resented, and lesoloUotB cf thanks adopted. The Serato bill to or ganize a general staff for the army, was diecufsed, bnt tot disposed of. Beth Lcnees were in tecret Ptsaion meat tf tho day. FROM CHARLESTON. Cn arlkptok, Feb. 4th, tC,l. The eDemy keej s up an occasional fire t n Sum.er. 8-x sbcts were fired jesteiday mornirg and three lunt uIrLi, the former striking the foit and tbe latter exploding over herd. 80 shots were fired at the City to-day. Tha ena my'rt battt riea and monitors have kept up a tlow tire on tha wreck cf tbe Steamer Presto. The Monitors fired levrii and filteen inch fchells. FB'M CHBLESTON F1EE ON FOLLY ISLAM). YANKEE GUN BO A. T ON THORK. CnAELESTON, Feb. 5'h, 1604. . i jgbty-iour ifcots weie fired at the City to-d.iy. No firi.rg at Sumter. The enemy Las been at work all day hanlirg ammcni.ion to Fort Grff g and ("utriniiiig's Po'Dt Batteries. There has been a large fire on F'olly Island to-day, sup posed to bathe burnirg of a Yankee Hospital. A Gunboat in EdUto River is lying high and dry, aud it i. 1 soppoaed she will be destroyed. j FROM THE SOUTHWEST. 0 SIcr.iLK, Ala., Feb. 4th, 1. .. A special dispatch to the Evenirg News, fiom Okoloiu, says that there are no signs of tbe enemy in Northern Mi. sis?ippi or West Tennessee, only at Memphis and German, town. The Yankee programmers to t dvance from VicU Janrg iLto Central Alabama, necessitating tho abaLdonmeut of Mobile. Our forces occupy Corinth and Jscksoi; ; neither were destroyed, but everything carried oil, -Btocl., farming implements, and household furniture. Many faiui lios will hive to go to Memphis or sutler the ieetruction of evcrjthicg. The Yankea cavalry in strorg force crossed Big Black yesterday or the day before, and were wet by Jacksou'i savalry, when a lively fight took place. It is, perhaps, a general ad ar ciJ FROM MISSISSIPPI THE YANKEES ADVANCING. : Mobile, leb. 4th, 1861. A special dispatch to the Evening News, date 1 Clintifu, Feb. 4'Ji, eays that Shermau'c two corps, under cPhersou and Hurlbut, are advancing. General Jackson has fought them all day. They made but two miles to-day, and camp to-night six or e'ght miles below Clinton. Piisou..rro port them thirty thousand strorjg. Gen. Rosa whipped them on the Yazjo yesterday iu Land to hand fight with pistols. FROM MISSISSIPPI. Koeilb, Feb, .rih, 18C1 . A special dit pitch to tbe Register and Advertiser, dated Jackson, Feb. 4th, says that the enemy commenced oros. ing the Eig Black yesterday. They thrfw over six rem merits or infantry, two of savalry, and two batteries at the Railroad Bridge, and attempted to cross Messingers but failed, and are now attempting to cross at Birdiong's. Tha City ia fall of rtmors and excitement. SHOT FOR DESERTION. Morkistown, Tbkn., Feb. 5tb, l6t. Private W. H. Roberts, of company A, 2lst MIsa.si.ippi Regiment, Humphrey's Brigade, was shot to-day for deser ting his regiment to jeia a cavalry regiment. Trains are now running to Rogersville Junction. We hvj noting of interest to report from the front? Fire. U pdncsday morning abont Lalf-pust t u o'clock, Gre broke cut amongst a large lot of cotton awaiting shipment at the depot of tbe Northcas'eru Hail Road. When first discovered ODly cne bale wa-t on fire, but the very hteh wind prevailing at the time quickly communicated the flames lo olhcra. The alarm vra3 given by one of the workmen in the yard. Cap'. S. (J. i urner, Mr. Rorian, and a number of officers ami citizens about the depot proceeded to the spot, and with tbe assistance cf the workmen succeeded in moving u large cumber ol bales out of reach of the flames. I he liremep were, aa usual, promptly in attendance, but the fire hed made too much headway and could not be ex ticguished ; every bale on the platform within tbe areu of the fire having already ignited. The lo3S i3 considerable, between two and three hun dred bales of Sea Island and Upland Cotton haviag been destroyed, besides some damage to the platform -email portion of the track was also slightly burnt. The property destroyc3 belonged to various private parties, umoDgwhom are T. Andrea, Marshall, Beach & Co , PcTveU, Low & Co., R. Bradley, CLicora Companv, and Charleston Company, II. Cobia President. Fortunately a large lot of Government Cotton at the depot had . been shipped the day pevious, We did not kt.rn whether any of the cotton burnt was inanrf l. The fire is snppcsed to have been caused b7 the sik I c i - . -. it-'. from a locomotive. Cltas. Courier, 4ch inst. Invasion of North Georgia and Western North Carolixa. liarbari'y of the Invaders and Tories A correspondent of the Atlanta Register, writiDg from Walhallu, South Carolina, Jan. 24th, says : This point h the western terminus of the Columbia and Anderson Railroad, and verges upon the confines of North Georgia and West North Carolina. Ipre?um.you have heard of the recent invasion oi Western Nonh Carolina and a small portion of Towns county, Ga., by a column of Yankee cavalry 1,500 iu number. They came from East Tennes.ee and enter ed North Carolina through the county of Cherokee. They were stopped by the want of subsistence for them selves and horses, and tbe freqaent ssaaulta upon them ia their forages by the Carolina Home Guards, and a portion of the Indian forces of Thomas's Legion, then scouring the moutaius m quest ol bushwhackers. In their invasion and retreat, aa usual, they pillaged indis criminately and carrka off with them many negroes, horse3, cattle, food and clothing. But the climax of their atrocities was the capture of two Confederate aol dip3 at home upon 'arJoagbs, whom they de'ivered over to the merciless bushwhackers of West North Carolina and East Tennessee, who immediatelv shot tfceia. i he names cf these two soldiers were Young Colbert and Davidson. Our Government ought to retaliate at once by hav ing shot three Yankee, prisoners. These men were esti mable citizens and valiant soldiers. I knew them well. Since then the bushwhackers of this county, of Cherc kce and Union, Ga., have' murdered in the presence of his family, Lieut. Col. W. C. Walker, of Thomas'. Legion while on a visit to see the same. His son, uu okicer in the same Legion, Mr. Yonng, on valley river, Col. Davidson, and several othgrs whose nasie9 I have forgotten. Poles oh Thkib Way to SIbsria. The follow ing letter, sent by a Polish exile, dated from Moscow, gives a sad insight into the cruelties to which ihe pria oners are subjected : " I write you a lew lines from Moscow. Neither our prayers nor our tears, nor our sickness have had any effjet. We convicts are not allowed to be ill, and we must all of na proceed on the road maiked out for U3. Several women and children at the breast, decrepid old men, and even madmen, form part of our convoy. Oa the passage Ircm St. Prersburg to Moscow a woman died in the railway carriatre ; her body was thrown oat of the window and the train proceeded. My traveling companion has now proceeded to Nishni Novgorod with his companions in misfortune. We go on to-morrow. Communicate thia to my friends, and receive th farewell ot pqqv galaricnne," -