COMMUNICATION.
FOR THE ORSERVER.
Kichmoni) _^ounty, Feb’y 23, 1857.
Mcs$rs. Eih'tnrs. — I have uever replied to the!
Raleigh StHuJard’s habitual untenable assaults]
upon me for years pastj but its attacks up >n luy '
course on the bill to amend the charter ^ruiif'd
two years ago to extend the Oeufral Uail R uid
West to the Tennessee line, have become sj fn-
quent, and its articles in a few weeks havins.'
grown from paragraphs of a few lines to a ci)lnmn i
and a half, in the last week’s issue, 1 desire to
lay before the public several facts which I aiu ,
sure will suit the Standard’s taste toi* little to ,
ever appear in that print. And as you have al- ,
ready, without solicitation, opened your ooluiniis
in my defence, I wish the u.se of the Obs rvor tm-
the publication of this letter, with tlu- ii.ijt'.’ th.^r
newf>papers penerriHv over tin' State will copy
The Standard ii' evidently alarmed by tho
course of its frietid,-, amountinc to a majxity ..i
two to one iu the last Leri^’:itu!.!, upon Internal
Improvement.s, and forthwith opens the UL-xt
campaign by calling into ri'|uisition all its con
ceded tact and adr>itiu'.s.-, to i-otivince lic pu'olu-
that niajorilics of two-fhinls iu a It'^rislutivi,- l> >
arc not responsibb' for it? acts, but that .•^onio oin
man of the min ority i':—an up-hill l'usiin‘>. ii
is true. The Standard ha.-i reas-)!i t'"r it,-
apprehensions than all an- aware of N >ne kiinv
better than the Standard, th it respectable ineni-
bors of its own party statfl in and out of t’.ic
halls of legislali 'U, that the democrat'^ had pt
mised the poople ijreat benefits from their leji'-
lation on internal iuiproveiiu iit.-, aini thit di"
West had changed its p iifie., from the t> !;■ !
that, the denj''crats we:e fiie true liitcriKil Im-
proveinent party; ■•itnl it they weTe di-; ij'ft Miit'
they, the people, wt>uld turn back fti tln ir u I
associations. As pirty sviveos-; is the i5r alest iit
all good with the Standard, vvlio i-an be >ur{, ri>o.l
at its awful fiirebodings?
The Standard says I promised the peiple I'i'
the West when canvassing I'or govern ir. t'» t'avi^r
the building of the road across the mountain^,
“// jV xhou/ii I'oxt ten millions,'’ and that I use 1
the words “u? oner,” would n h'>/f ihmu /li
the niouiitaius,’' and that I asked the (|u ■sti-iii,
“what mill-buildcr would eut hi.- raee neu ti» th(>
water and then stop,” Ac. I'he Standard is af
its tricks ajjain. I object, out and out, t.i its
version of the campaign. It locates my internal
improvement speeches and the application ot ;he
ten millions iu the West, when it very well knows
I made the same declarations from Currituck to
Cherokee, and that in my daily speeehe I de
clared in favor of the Central R iad /Sis( inl
Wes', upon the tico-thirrfs principle, if it should
cost the State ten millions. And docs not the .
Standard know, that its must active friends, par
ticularly in the part of the State where ni'. .-ui -
cessful competitor had most influence, charired
me with an intention to favor a scheme oi Im
provement which would involve the State to the
ruinous amount of ten millions, without a rebuko
from its coludins, and that I lost thousands of
votes from the bold and fearless stand I took
upon that nuestion in the Eastern and middle
counties?
1 have no distinct recollection of al! the figure-
1 used in long and ixciting debate.', but fh.
boring through the mountains, ^toppul^ the rac '
before we reach the water, atid doing it at once,
sounds so much like words 1 have used, that I
presume they are pretty near the truth; all of
which I am still strongly in favor of, an 1 th
most of which, so far as the law is eoncerjied, ha>
already been accomplished. The State has paid
three millions for the ('entral portioii, paid an 1
agreed to pay two miHi:)ns for the Ki-? r!i. asi l
two-thirds of the co>t of the Westt-Tn exton-i 'n,
with a provi.'o (which is but little better tiia.i a
catch vote,) that this Western extcn'^ion is not »■»
cost the State more than four milirnis. Wiil the
Standard risk the opinion that the Stati- wii' n w
be bound for ten millions for the ('entral R •.! 1
before it is done? As for doing it at onee. I sup
pose every man of comTuon sense will admit that
I could have meant nothing more than that it
ought to be done as soon as an eticrfretic applica
tion of all the resources at command would ai -
complish it without serious damage to the "ther
interests of the State. And that the race should
not stop short of the water, was intended t ^ give
force to my objection to stopping on »hi> >;ie d
the mountains.
If 1 ever expressed the opinion that the State
ought to cut all the tunnels, it was that it should
be done after every effort had been made tor jj.-i-
vate aid and failed; which has not yet happ nod.
Rut the Standard says I reconsiderf 1 ;;nd ].>-
feated the bill, and theref'ro contia ii-M.’i, tny
campaign speeches. Let us see how inui ii truth
there is in this bold declaration. Tiie I j’;-' ita!-,
of 1854 00 chartered th- Wesfeii) .u,
pledging the State tren.^ury for ivvo-thir! .d' rhe
entire cost, to be built in sections, and ■>f course
paid for in insfalnn'nTs. With flii>, W- -'"iii
members profes'^ed to be well and fuily . d,
some of the nif't ii,fluential iem -. r.it^ ,,t' t|,e
Senate promising tiiat nothin^' :n >re \v,.uld be :
asked for. In two ^hort y-ars several of tii ■
same members return, and eonU‘ii 1 tliccli ir-
ter, upon the section -and two-thirds ]Tinci|.i-‘, '
was by no lueans sati.-faetory, and iiifr^. lu •cd n-i
amendatory bill, to aboii?li the .>-retim and in
stalment principle, aii 1 c.mpel the Sfat,- t:. buii 1
the entire mountain ,ection, including tin-
neling ot tour or five ni.iuntains, cor: w!i r it .u iv.
as Wirli as putting into the power of the e^.iii'^i.inv
to call upon the State for niillions of d -il ns be
fore it was certain that means could he procure.) '
to meet su h heavy di-in inil>. A- a di'cide 1
friend to the road's reaeliing the
vailey roads in the short.--! po,sib!.; |
voted for the hill, hi in itur. i lleeti^.n ;u..i
cont.ultation with intelligent tii. nd-> who e.iti-.
mated the cost of the enterprise at several mil- ^
lion« higher than I had, and in view of the ne-
ees.sity of raising the taxes to meet our pn.’sent
indebtedne.ss, 1 moved on the next day a recon
sideration, which Was carried by a deei.h d ma
jority. Not as the Standard has it to destroy or
defeat the bill, but to amend, and then pa.-s it,
iu a shape to greatly benefit the West without
im|)0sing onerous tax burthens on the [>eople, or
endangering State repudiation. On the re-
passage of the bill on my motion, sections from
3 to lO inclusive were stricken out. 'I’hose sec
tions applied strictly to the >(J miles of road be
tween Morganton Asheville, which left all that
part of the bill intended fur the benefit of the.''0
miles from Salisbury to Morganton, and the
miles from Asheville down the French Rroad to the
Tennessee line, precisely as at first introduced
This gave additional aid on all the road, except
from Morganton to Asheville, and left liut a-, it
passed iu 1854-5,—the State pledged to pay two-
thirds.
The 80 miles of road from Salisbury to Mor
ganton is estimated to cost §1,850,000,* but will
cost at least two millions, I presume. Two-thirds
of this, or about $1,300,000, the State is pledged
to pay. The company has drawn already tor
5f-2U0,000, leavinji 81,100,000 to be drawn with
out regard to the sectiou principle of the charter
of ’&4 '5;>; and bad the bill been passed as my
amendment left it, several other hundred thou
sands might have been drawn from the State
treasury, to be used on the French Rroad, as
soon a*, individuals raised their one-third; which
regard as much as the State ought to pay, or
the company could use to advantage, before the
maeting of the next legislature, when, if neces
sary, the application can be ,renewed.
In this form I wished it passed.
But a motion prevailed to refer the Rill as
amended to a eouimittee of five. Mr. Speaker
Avery, on tin* ground of pcrst>ual interest, de
clined to aproint the committee. Al the sugges-
ti.^n of a fri. ud 1 named the Senators who com-
p.tsed it; .tnd although by parlimentary practice
the m.tjority on the vote ju-*t takei had a right
to a majority on the comtuittee, I waived the ex
ercise of the right, by placing on the committee 3
oppos.-d to the amendment to *2 in favor, and 3
democrats to *2 American Whigs; with Senator
f'oh'man who was supposed to feel deepest of all
for the original Rill, first on the list. To my
utter :;'ionishment, when the committee reported
ed upon the two-thirds |>rinciple, further aid
would be reudered. The Charleston and .Meni-
j)his road was commenced at eacli l ud, and tlie
ends are fast appr.juchiug a junction
I have contended for thirty years, that a Hail
Road from Beaufl>^^ should be built to th^ Ten-
nes-see lino. The late provision for connecting
the WilmingtfHi, (’harlotte & Rutherford lioad
with the Central Road increases that desire.
The Standard garbled my internal improve
ment speeches too much: it ought to have pub
lished my argument in favor of demanding our
share of the proceedh of the public lanls to pay
for building Rail Roads. This however did not
suit its party views. The Standanl prefers to
clamor for higher taxes to pay for them.
After all, Messrs. Editors, who belii:ves the
Stamlard cares atiy thing about the W;stern ex-
hev -'.ad struck from the Rill all i tension, or what it calls the defeat of the bill?
[ found that they -- —
that appli 'd to t'le nud from Asheville to the | If it does, why does it not censure others who
I'enne-'iee line, which would have placed Ashe- i spoke and voted as I did. W ill it contoufl that
ville \h conneefinn with the Tennessee and \''ir-, the able speeches of Cameron, Hatr.n, and others
■ inia U >.id, being the 14th, loth, K)th, 17th and | on the democratic side of the Senate, who acted
.^eetioiis, which read as follows; j with me, had no influence, whilst I had power to
11. Whf.kk.vs, It is provide i iu the ninth I defeat or pass the bill at pleasure? Does it not
of an ,\i-t «f thp (teneral Assembly, entitled : know that the democrats had power to pass fht;
t,. in. orpor.ite the tJrcenville and French , and seven votes to spare, if every vote on
llr.eid Kaiiro ei «'oiupany." passed at the t uiy side had voted against it? Has it ever ex-
is .l th-.t tho i;.:)!i.l thef.-by j' pressed a word of reproof or disapprobation as to
i-.M>on 1 in lmi witli the North Carolina Rail Kontl, f , L r • i j
.,..i U the H.ine is cnstruct.-d. the chartered rights , the cour.e pu'sued by its friends on tlm amen. -
'tfi'l j>riviol tiio c*>iiip *iiv iu tlirtt portion of siii*i iiicnts to tnt* licvi^. It ticloiltlGii *111
ii.a l. hetwe> i) the point at which any connexion niajf dciuoerats and as.sails me Its pretending to
jieionlt. r lie ni i i..>, by any road from the North Caro- sympathise with the West is all sheer hypocrisy
i:.a n..i l to .'^aid Greenville : —it is Only elcctioueeriair for its party, expect-
llail K'iul !tiid the hast 1 eiiiiessee and Niijiuua ivaii . . ^ r .l • i if i i
l^.sh i!l cease and letenuine, if the General As- , jug a large share of the spoils itself I am cred-
etiii.lyVC iiiire, as soon as such connexion be made, ibiy informed that a member who professed to
111 the St ne be subs ribed by said company at its f^>^l a deep interest in the bill remarked on his
it
This
A dozen Rail Roads
Krom the- Uosion Dali/ Tr*u8cript. EXTRACT FROM PROF EMMONS'^S LAST
Nkvv VoRit, Feb. 7, 1857. REPORT.
hii K-iMty. Ih- ir Trans. rlpl: There i.«, aohap-j THE ADVANTAGES OF D£LP RIVER FOK TUG
I I oi A.ii. r;cj.u iiistury yei t.» U wri»f\n; oue , MaNLFACITIiE ()1>’ IRON. KTC.
which, if cxucutcd with philo.sophy and learoing,
will serve as a gratit! and mysterious portieo to
th(* temple of our latei' atiinl.-. Air'a.ly great
minds have yiven us hints of its import and sig
nificance, and in that glorious epitome of moderti
St. Louis, Feb. 25
Important from —The Jeffn.rsoD
corresoi.dent of the Si. L.,ui.>, Demf., r it ieaV,'!
by passengers from Kansb>, that a difficn!' '
It is tL*- c nfraiiantion of Materials which ore- I occuried uctween Gov. Geary and Mr. .Sh, rr V
a»ps an important manuf icturiiig Ine-ilitv, when gfO'*ing out of the refusal of thf' forn-er t.i . • ’
the latter Sheriff as desired Ly the
ture, which had a f ital termination - ^ “
avowed his purpose of killing Geary.
oli.Trr»(J
the Governor in the ‘•treet he spit'^in hij^fnc^'
which Geary did not re.sent, but his frie„d^ '‘J'".’
up an inli^'nation meeri-ig on the I6th ii/J'
Sheriffs Jones and Sticrn.d,-and .nbers attetnpn-d
to interrupt the m.-otiiiir, and in the affray .ShenoJ
was shot at by >lr. Soeppirl, one .)f G nrv’'
J 3
l.r'.ini' c >st t . the e ipit il stocli of the eompauy author- ! Dockery had defeated the Ril
ii. l I . nni.* the conne.xion atoresai.l. and shill there- ^ j gained a victory over him, for i
lit'-r e mstirute I |)'..•t ot the s lid last mention**.! toru- ii i i- i • *i i\' * 'ri ;
direction i.f, would make him unpopular in tlie \\ est.
all the Standard is after.
I ,
piny, ^in.l t.i h’- un ior the control and
s'l. 1 .■.'iiii' iiiy; .t^ii/ whtrcAx, at the same session of the . i
t;> lu ra! Vs^eiiibly. an Act was p issed, entitled “.\n j by the bourd if it can make capital out
\*'t til iiieioiiorati' the Western North Carolina Rail
K. id ( eu|,a!iy, whereby the company [ have written this communication in great
under s il l Act is authorized to toriu a connesion with t i ^
the ..i 1 Grce.iviile aa.l French Broad Rail Road, by , haste, without the Journal or the presence of any
eonstniLtin^ a Hail Koa.l from Salisbury on the North Senator to confer With; entirely from memory. I
(’:ir..’iii:i ll iih\. i l. to a point on the French Uroad | confident all the material facts will be found
lllver. West hT the lUue Itid^'e, which said ^^este^n eXiiinination of the Jouruil.
Respectfullv and truly,
should; ' ALFRED DOCKERY.
combined e-.peciallv w th a power to m.>ve ma-
eh'nery, ni;i an agricultural capacity to sustain
a large population. Tbeao givo importance to any
scienct—the (Cosmos of llmnbcldt—an earnest loration for e.^tublishing a m mufacturing interest
faith in the gn>at results of future exploration . ^ large ^cale.
into this dim arcana, is earnestly expressed by j Assuming the doctrine true, wo may pro-
the far seeing and comprehensive samtu. Few of : -ascertain whether ther. i^ suoh a central-
our scholiirs have ventured in this tieul; it has been j^ation of lueuus upou river, ‘iulfieiont t-»
superficially glanced at even by our professed I al’uded to First, it has
historians; and yet we know nt no subject more j already been proved that thi- products of the co i!- ■ friends, f.)ur times, whieii wou;i led twonth»v ■ i
curious in itself, more intimately aesociated with good the assumption The hydrous : J'^'es, the Governor’s Secretary shot ^herT'l
the origin aiid development of races, and '»0‘-e ^ the black band and coal, need | through the head, killing hun instantly " Gre.
significant of that providential theoiy whereby spoken of again. Tfie fuel and the ma- | excitement at Lecompton and a general fi -ht
religion and .scietice trace the destinj of mankind productions are abundant for any projects ' anticipated that night, Gov. Geary’s rcsideuce
iu the primitive tendencies of emigration, than operations. | guarded by U. S. tro .ps,
this very sphere of imjuiry . , . ' ^^*it the additnnial means in other ores in .-^trik-| , ~
Among the few pr.d'cssional men in this coun- .li.t^nce, add to and greatly increase the Hu-hmontl lenrs
try, who have had the menial enterprise and lib- p^rpo.es in view. Thus, the in-I l^-^»tM-sburg ’ are ulw,
eral curiosity to devote their leisure t., American ; exhaustible specular ore, four miles from rl.M
^''‘ys in a
His strong taste for historical inquiry, his logical
mind, and his enthusiasm for truth—all fit him to
succeed in those investigations. During a resi
dence in the South and West, he has carefully ob
served ev Ty thing in the shape of primitive remains
and monumental relics; all that has been written at
home and abroad by archajologists he has examined;
and
The \Vhig avd the Iiitellig..ncer have kent
lively tigiu f.jr years past. And since Mr
i’s hegira the Expre.-ss has t iken
els on behalf of P.'tershurg. It
- ic ij ' 'p - .1 »i attention of the people of Richmoi. i tn
in the coalfield. I aere is, then, the ; , . ^ f ‘
• f . . -11., 1 ■. I’ i iowiiii; extracts ir.»;u a booK of travpl
ir, if It IS wished to employ It for m.'v- '-ravei-
1 ^ 'li 1 country oU years ago.
Kthnol.tgy, no one deserves more respectful at-j niagnetic ore a few miles farther, and , ^ , , ,,
tention than the Rev. Dr. Hawks, of this city, j haematite ore, will make an addition of three '
kinds of ore to those vlraady known in so much i the
abundance in the coal6eld.
water power,
ing machinery; or what is better, th'f employ
ment of steam may be substi’uted for it; and still ‘“Ihough the houses in llicliinotid are rijt
this p.jwer should not be lost.
•ountry i>U years
“Though the houses in
more than seven hun.ired in number
The next important materi-vl is timber. The ■I'^lf along the bank
with expiorers of this country and of the Eist I and'vicinity furnishes ^
has cultivated intimacy. Ry the.se various [ ^.^^iety not excelled in the State, or any State.
N'>rth Caroliii i Uail Koad is now in profjress of con-
.tnd whereas, it is desirable that the
Westeiii N'irth ('arolina Kail U'jad ('ompany
have the e.mtrol of the route of sai.l Greenville and .
I rench Uroa.l Hail Uoad at an earlier period thau the , CHINESE SUOAU CANE GROWN IN CONNEC-
tiine when the connexion aforesaid shall be actually | TICUT.
III.I le; Ihoref.ire, fijg regular meeting of the American Institute
Section 1-.. T^iat so soon jj
lbi‘ SUM itreeuviUe and trench Broad Kailroad SQall | i /• i i r *i •
surrender to the State of No. Carolina all the chartered | presented a sample of molasses made from this
riirhts an.l privileges veste.l in said .\ct of iucorpora-
tii.n in the manner hereinafter prescribed, and upon
the- taet appearing of sai.l surrender having been duly
ni:i le under the certificate of the Hoard of internal Iid-
prevements, tlie Board of Directors of said Western
N'l i'arolin.i Uailread (’ompany shall be authorizsd
aTi 1 enip.overeiJ to survey and locate a branch of said
H'la i, t'reui the point on the French Uroad river which
may be tise i upon by said company as the Western
Termiiius of the f.iurth division to the Tennessee line,
at or near the I’.aint rock on said river, and shall cause
an estimate of the cost thereof to be madj by their En-
ulneer, and as sunn as said surve_v and location shall
be made as .af iresai.i. the Board of directors are here
by a'.thurized an.l enipowere.i to open hooks for sub-
si-riptieii of stock by solvent persons or counties to
ti:e t’.ipital .steek of sai'l company, to the amount of
■;ie thir l of stiid estimated cost of said Branch of said
re .1 an 1 upon s li.i subsci iption of double the amount t'lnployed about eight feet by sixteen feet 8|uare.
se 'uUsjribe l by iiidiv'duals shall be made on behalf ‘ ‘ . . .
et till- State, t.i the Capital st.ick of said company in
the laanner and by persons, an.I upon certificates of
!5u.. h e>tiiii:ited c. st or iii'livi.iual subscrij. tion being
nui.le a> .lireete 1 by the charter of said company.
Se ti.ju li'.th. In' it fuithiT enacte.l. That the sub-
s. ript-i.n on the part o( the State, of twc-thir.is of the
e.-'ini:ite 1 e.ist ot siid bran.'h r..a 1 fruni s.ai.l point on
tiie French Bi-.i.a-l river to Taint riick, as authorize.1
r,v the • re. edi,..: se.-ti..o, -.hall be p lid as f.jllows, to-
N". - tiif sum ..f tWo hund-»’.l thous.and doll.irs, to be
riir-v.l i.y the sale of b.m.ls as prjvi.Jed for in s.ai.l
eii.arti r: /V... ;/-•/, that the whole amount of Bon.is sold
ler tiie purpose of paying the entire subscrij>tion last
laeiitione i 'liall be paid t.) said e.unpany by a transfer
t' tile Hre -.ai .ut}! >f the -tock t.f the .No. Carolina
sugar cane, and the following account of it, by
-Mr. Ilaley, who made it;—
Groto.n Ckntrk, I'onnecticut, Feb. 0, l8f>7.
Dear Sir. — I forward herewith, by :ny friend
.Mr. Hyde, a sample of molas.ses made from
Chinese sugar cane grown by me this season;
and submit the following as the result of my
experience in the matter.
1 received from Washington about a (juarter of
an ounce of the seed during the Spring of last
year. About the middle of May, I planted in
hills, as with corn, six seeds in a hill in a space
.»f about nine inches, the hills being two feet
apart It was on a side hill. Southern exposure,
light silicious soil; .season dry and hot; space
he .I.«> I.....va,vu ......u.*c>. .,y ’“’i Variety Hot excelle.l in the state, or any
meaus, and the habit id reflecting deeph on , mjd foremost is the long leaf pine, of which
whatever thr.^w.s light upon the subject, Dr. f.j^ests li„e its ! .mks. The growth is large, the
Hawks has arrived at certain results; .some ^nd is unimpaired by agP or by the
posiiu-e -IS far as conviction goes, .some conject- woodman’s axe The next most important tim-
ural, and others only partially suggestive—yet all, hickories. The mauufac-
takcn together, oft.jo much iDtere.st and value to , taring interests have been scarcely encouraged
be confined to a single mind.
At the solicitation of his friem
to give the public an outline of these studies and . article of importance is stone for cm- tar.,, billiards, roulette, bluff^ ol-l ’’s,v
a programme of hese resu ts, in three lectures | ^ave been spoken of already. , for hear the veracious Islac i^n the uhi'- f
which were concluded on the evening of the bth ^be free stone is not only well adafited to the gmujn. He savs- ^
Hist ; and, notwithstanding the unpropitious state j eonstructicn of durable or imperishable buildings, ^
3'et they
ly •..: II...c uii'i tl nail ai0ti2 t‘
i of the river
After desouiting in rather di:',paragin.r urm,
up.in thedelicjte proportion.^ an 1 archiTeeturJ
beauty of the Capitol building, the learned tourist
proceeds to say:
‘‘Richmond contains about f.iur thon^an I in
habitants, one half of whom are sl ives ”
Hit Riclnnim.l, though soial!
; .1.1.c uctTi; t j r l\lCtnnim.l, inoUgtl SlllaU 10 SlZe aU.l.lt>
.,1 b,. pon^ented ‘ materials in the line of woodwork ■ ^pite her sparseness of population was di’iriinMh
..nd country. _ ; latter part of the eighteenth century ,
“I ha.l scirc-ly alighted from my horse at the
The plants were out of the ground in fifteen days,
and attained in the growth of three months a
pretty uniform height of about thirteen feet,
while the stalks were about oue inch in diameter
at the base.
About the 15th of September, when the seeds
were not entirely ripe, I (fearing frost) cut two
thirds of the lot, removeil the seeds and crushed
in an old cider mill with its upright corrugated
woodeo rollers; an.l from this imperfect process
I obtaiued five gallons of juice, which I evapora
ted to one gallon, in an iron pot. The molasses
1 found equal to the first quality of New Orleans,
K:ilr,i.a i eeiiipany, which stock sai.l company shall ac- when charged with sugar granules. It is of fine
. J t a; ] .ir v.iiue, -and the payment of said subscrip- flavor and COoks white.
t’.'.ii shall be ma le in such proportion and at such 'The remainder of the cane stood about twenty
flint's and alter ratable payments by individual sub- > i i - i • u *• ■ t
s. rM,e.,, a. pn.vi.ie.l in sai-’i charter and bv this act. longer, during which time it experienced a
So.'i.jn 17. Be it further enacted. That’it shall be ' •‘^evere frost, but with no visible injury. Iho seed
competent t..r the present, or any future General .Vs- had become fully ripe. I cut and proceeded as
semt. y >{ this State, to authorize any other l\ailroad before, obtained about the same proportional
. ;.i!:pany, .,r other company formed for the construc- quantity of molasses, but of bette;
:!"ii .(1 any publn- improvement, to connect with the i • u v u
Raiiro-.l ot said Western North Carolina Railroad
e .lapany at any point on its line. And that whenever ‘ manipulation,
any such connection shall be made, the Western No. This trial gives a result of about three hun-
I arolina llailroa l company shall join in the erection dred gallons per acre of first quality molas.ses. 1
of aiiN w:irehonses an.i passenger sheds that may be saved seed to plant fully an acre this year,
necessary to reu'ler inch connection as pertect as pos- n ir r j i • j- * i . i
n o. and reuu’arly use the same for the receipt an.i ■ .seed has been distributed among my
laay ttie subject
novelty; few present had ever thought of this con
tinent as a region of human interest prior to the
Christian era; American history in its ante-t’olum-
bus phase, was a new revelation; and when they
perceived the analogies between the early people
and the races of Asia, so clearly pointed out by
the lecturer; when he analyzed the costumes,
languages, and sculpture of tribes so widely
separated before iu the popular mind, many felt
the Zest of a new vista opened from the remote
past, and acquired a relish for exploration which
made them sympathize with the zeal of a Belzoni
and a Layard.
It is impossible to sketch, iu a brief space,
the cour.se of argument or the variety of illus
tration which Dr Hawks brought to this recon-
ilite theme His lectures were crowded with
faet.s; the symbols with which he dealt, were
depicted on diagrams and referred to as he dis
is an agricultural country; one whose soil is adap-j And a*'ain:
ted to the production of the cereals; for if these j “Whe iever these people como to bl.iws, they
can be grown, every other necessary is provided ^ fight just like wild beasts, biting, kicking Hud
tor. The adaptation of Chatham county to the ; endeavoring to tear each others ey‘s out
growth of the cereals cannot k>e doubted; past ! their nails.' It is by no m.-ans uncomujou t„
experience may be cited iu proof, or rather the , meet with those who have lost an eye iu a eoui-
testiinony of the whole community confirms the bat, and there are men who pride themselvfej
position. ^ , upon the dexterity with which they can scoop
But climate should not be overlooked. There i one out. This is called gouging,
is a temperature suited to the constitution, which, j “ perform the horrid operation, the cotnbataDt
while it favors longevity, favors also the susten- j twi-its hi- forefinger iu the side-locks of his adver-
ance of life at the lowfest expen.^e; while it pre- ' s-^ry’s hair, and then applies his thumbs to the
serves the strength, and does not weaken the b .ttom of the eye, to f.-rce it out of the ‘^ocket,
body by a high summer range. Such, I believe, [f ever there is a battle, in which neither of those
is the favorable climate of North Carolina The engaged loses an eye, their faces are, however,
moderate ranj;e of the thermometer, the freedom getierally cut in a shocking manner with the
from long and excessive heats, or long continued thumb-nails, in the many atte.'upts which are
cold, fav.)rs the cheap sustenance of laborers, uiidi at gou'^iug ’’
both as to food aud clothing, atid adds several -—^
numbers to the per centage of advantages over a ZOOLOGICAL.
' coursod. He discussed the probable origin of the , climate which is subjected to either extreme of Correspondence oi the New Orlean.^ Picayune
native tnbesof this c.ntinent at length; argued the t^,„per-atare. But an accessible market is indis- t'-VRis, January 22, 1857.
unmigration from a W usteru source (A D 4.>0 pe„j,.^i,le to pDsperity. We do not, and cannot hear of a horned rat? Last .Mon-
to oUUJ by evi.ience drawn from the identitie.s , - r r ^
of language, religion and astronomic
I from an Eastern source (B. C. 1000
I aole .MS. record, and by the characters on the Ccn-, Raleigh, nor Norfolk, >f twenty dollars. As the prvsccutor g.7ve iu his
Among the most cu- -- . ’ ™;.u ...i.,.,., » ? . ....
quality,
more careful
] ' ‘■‘-'b’ has hitherto been done; it i« what court was occupied with a case
c.i caiint ers; , ,jjjy what improvements the country ad- brought b} a scitnfific miin against a Zouave for
) } a ri.mar '- Qf The outlet for trade is not restricted to !’^ll*t*g him two horne.J rats and cheating hiiD out
'““■“'^^'^'■sontheCcn-, one direction. It is not Raleigh, nor Norfolk, of twenty dollars. As the prvsccutor gave iu his
tral Amencau monuments. Among the most cu- Pi^yetteville or Wilmington, but it is in all these evidence with singular talents, you must let me
nous and interesting topics elaborately treated 1 ji.ections; and so also a route may be opened to g"’e the column to him
weretheevideuceiofBuddhism,oftheancientmys-| position of D-ep “Mes.sieurs,- said the savan, addressing the
tones in America. Dr. 1 awks was led to exam. ^ central. If the manufacturing interest 'he H .ly Evan-
UK patient } te origin a ( rawings an ; |g fostered, intercommunication with distant town? gelists to tell the truth, the whole truth, and
types brought from Central Amenca by Mr. Gath- | necessity. A town will grow up with nothing but the truth, “that man (pointing hi^
erwood,and totracoout .he phonetic literals mixed : r.,n;.lin- TWn ri««r than -.t finder to the Z >uave at the bar) has cheated me
.ii-r
• ieiiverv ci' all p.'ls^enRer goods and othrr articles fr‘'‘uJ-'’> D^w having faith in the experiment,
I shall take more care. I planted loo thick.
I shall this year try some seeds iu the forcing
bed and transplant. I shall plant in ridges not
less than three feet apart, running North and
South, and shall keep the plants at lea.-t six
inches apart, thinning out if necessary aud trans-
up with the pictorial emblems, to compare these
with the ancient alphabets, and thence refer to their
origin and meaning. His philological reasoning
was acute and well-sustained; and wouhl have
been listened to with great delight by such men as
the late John Pickering aud Duponceau.
We could nut but admire the absence of all
pretension to singular erudition, the frank and
simple manner in which Dr. Hawks described the
process of his own interest aud studies in this
ncglected and obscure field, and the tact with
greater rapidity on Deep river than at Beaufort.
Here are the elements which always draw to
gether an active and intelligent community.
These elements have ever created wealthy and
flourishing towns. If, then, wo require a cjneeu-
traion of means and interests to build up large ^ horned rat? ‘A horned what?
ater number of horned rat,’ s.ys he. ‘No,’ says 1
mo»t rascally. That fellow knows I am a student
of botany, mineralogy, geobigy, conchohigy, or-
nitholi.gy, anthropology, ami z.>ology; and one
day he ciiue to see me. Says he, ‘Monsieur, did
towns, I do not know where a gren
the requisite elements can be found in the interi
or of any State.
V ♦ * ♦ * » ♦
We may profitably turn to the consideration
of some of the results which must necessarily
ti .er. n.l tl; it said Railroad company shall not
riniinate by its charge-i a^.ainst the Company or
'■ .:;ij ,.T.ies s.: e.innectin;' with its railway.
ei-ti 111 l>.th. I!, ir further enaeted, and it is hereby
exio- >r !y di r*j 1 as a lun.iamental c.mdition annexe.!
, [:;i. rh.- tor.-jj.nni: ameii'iments. That the
.--t i C (' 11'.t be e ille.i by s i;.| company to pay in
ii;' II ! er .'a’is. ri],ti.m to the Capital stock of said plauting such as I take up.
eoau u(._. ui.'ie tuau ti\e hundreU tln.usan-i dollars an- Henry Mei*rs E.sq.
iiu tily, e.ieept thit if the French Broad aiei (ireenville ° 1. .
l; ■; K'la l c jiiii>aiiy shail surrender their chartered
I .rli'- ;ti I piivi.e.'es to the State as hereinbefore pro-
VI le 1, t!iea the State sh.all pay in on her subscription
t!i.- a !.:;tion.al sam of out liun.lred thousand dollars
.liiiiiia .y l .r f.v.) ye.ar.s.
l)Ut 10 my still
1.
greater astonishment, after
Giles Haley.
KNGLISH CATTi.K BRKEDING.
A writei in the New Farmer states as the result
of British experiments and successes, that Great
Britain now feeds eight millions of horned cat
tle, and that she slaughters two million head
Mr. Spe aker Avery had upon the floor denounced i aauually, from which she realizes ^100,UOU,iUO
iny euurse a second time, he said he hoped the ! meat alone. He says:
e.immittee’s amcn.lment would pass as the best 1 England posses.ses the finest milch cow race in
that c nil 1 be d lue. Tpon which the Senator . those beautiful, intelligent, gentle-looking animals
tr 111 d lek.'Oil remarked, to him, that he and the ' which go under the name of Alderney, and in
.'^■nit.ir Him liurke (.^lr. Avery) had generally the Scotch, Ayrshire—that charming race of cows,
aet" I tiigether, but upon that (juestion they whose graceful forms, speckled hides, ijuiet dis
parted Wh it will the Standard say to thi.s? ' positions, large udders ami rich luxuriant supply
Will it say that the committee were under my of milk realize the idea of pastoral life. SUe
iiiflueiiee? I1"W will that print aud Mr. Avery pos.sesses, also, the shori-horned Durhams—ani-
-ettie t!ie (jue.'tiou between them? One says mals which may be fattened as early as two
which he managed to give life, variety, and Don- i- n *• .i i i . .. i
^ tollow from the progress alrea.ly made in the de-
ular interest to a subject which, lu any other ! i , • .i i i
, , ... , ... . , ,, velopment of the resources or ttie state, and also
hands, would have been technical and dry. He ‘ .i . • . i •. i . *• n l' .
’ , , 1 1 , . to those wfiich are liKely to tolhiw: birst, there
I won the sympathy ot the least learned of his au • i- i.i . • i i
■ . . * ■’ , , , , , , IS a source ot wealth which must flow directiy
dience by the apt anecdotes introduced—by his ' t i j- i i
1 • I , ■ . . I trom local di.scovenes; Isecoud, there are indirect
a lu.'ions to the lameiiteu Stephens, Jus citations • *■ .. j r. e ] „ ii; j
’ .. sources ot wealth in ttie addition of dwellings and
ot ab.iriginal and .'lagyar elociueuce, his su>'- i i » - i i . i t
I . * ’ o ! the increase ot inhabitants, which, ot course, in
' gestions drawn trom Ctiina, a regi.m now the
text of journalism, and Japan, so lamiliar to our
uommunity through Commodore Perry’s book —
who, by the way, was one of the most attentive
auditors at these masterly lectures. Dr. Hawks
disclaimed any extraordinary merit for his theo
ries, and bespoke indulgence for the inevitable
abridgement of a discussion involving so large a
scope,—but the impression left by these lectures
is, that he owes it to the country, to American
history and science, to put into a permanent aud
finished shape, materials so carefully gleaned and
sagaciously digested; he is the only man living
in our opinion, who can give a popular im
pulse to the study aud appreciation ot American
.Ethnology.
Mi lt I defeated the Bill, the other said the com
mittee'' rep.irt, though I was opposed to it, was
rhe best that could be done. What will the
^rtand-.ud say to .'Ir. Coleman, who as far as I
know, made no objection to the loss of all the aid
propo.sed from Asheville West, and certainly
offered no objeetiim to it in the Senate. On the
tin al passage, 1 made an effort, by offering an
years old, aud attain at that age a weight
which no other breed can arrive at so soon.
Their heads, l«gs and bones have been reduced
to Buch small portions, aud the more fleshy parts
of the body developed, that nearly three-fourths
of their weight is meat.
After tne Durham Short horn, next among
sheep come the Hereford and Devon breeds, which
:imemlmeiit and a speech, to place the provision j in their turn may be compared to Southdown and
ill favor of the 1 rench Broad Section back in the j Cheviots. The Hereford breed follows closely
Bill, without the least aid trom Mr. Aver}’, who | upon the Durham, and is even more generally
was in the chair, or Senator Coleman, except a j sought after, as offering almost an equal precoci-
sileiit vote by the latter gentleman. | ty, and the same aptitude for fattening, but with
I have not the least doubt, that could I have greater hardiness. The county of Hereford, from
received the aid of these Senators, manifested by j which it comes, lies at the foot of the Welsh
lalf the energy and zeal they showed to destroy | mountains, and possesses a soil of but indifferent
me, the sections struck out by the committee
mi;.^^ have been retained. What will the Stan
dard say to this? Will it still contend that my
imeiidiuent from Morganton to Asheville was a
fertility.
The English farmer looks upon cattle with
the instinctive calculatiou which distinguishes
his class, and argues that tu„.e are three descrip,
crime, aud that Mr Coleman and the two other tions of produce which mau may demand from
democrats on the committee were right in strik-1 cattle, besides the manures, the hides and offal—
itig out all beyond Asheville? Perhaps the 1 namely, their labor, their milk and their flesh
I Mandard may .say, my amendment rendered the Of these he deems their labor the least profita-
I secti.Mis from Asheville West useless; but that ble, and therefore looks chiefly to their meat and
w.ni t do, lor the first charter, with two-thirds I milk.
I pledged by the State, is still in force; and be- ! He demands from his milch cows the greatest
|sidc.s, if the road should be longer m building i supply of milk, and a good Ayrshire cow gives
t lan we vvi^h the road from Asheville down the j four thousand quarts of milk iu the year, aud it
; 1 rench l>ioad would put the trans-montane coun- j is reckoned that the three million cows in Great
i ir"! i" ‘he Western Kail | Britain produce three thousand million quarts in
. oa s, and con.sequeutly with all the Itoads in a year—au average of a thousand quarts for each
.W »hole comi.ry, ,
»h,. “i*^ eon\inced the people West of J worked, do not average as a whole, over five hun-
tlir'hT tlie Legislature cared for dred quarts a head. °To get the greatest quL-
eeivLl titj of milk from the cow, the English farmer
come clear that Vl" ‘J bas studied and labored till he has spread over his
come clear that the Mountaius cannot be tuanel- fields the finest herds of milch cows in the world.
The,llev. Dr. Francis L. Hawks, of New
‘and wliat’s more. I’d like to see the man wh.
had, for n-iHier l{;ff.n, nor Cuvier, nor L icpek-
say any tbi:ig ah vut such ah aiiim il. Ti.ere is
not one at the Gii' len of Plants, and’—he iiiter-
rupteil me. Messieurs, t i .say, ‘I have got one.'
‘G't the devil,’ .»avs I. ‘(’>.me and see for y pur-
self,’ says he; ‘it's al.ve and pitrt as a young
rliinOf ‘l os
‘‘OtF wo both went, and sure enough in hi«
bou>e I saw a big, fit rat, which had on iti U'»c
a fur-covered exere>ceiice, which wa.s vertebrated
and—most w.mderful of all—the horn was larger
crease the amouut of taxable pr.iperty The the ti'p thau at the bottom. Ihe prisoner at
agricultural interest cannot fail of being prospe-' t.iok the rat out of the cage, held its
r.ius, wlieu mauufacturing villages spring up, or j mouth, and placed it in my hands. I plunged a
when a mine is profitably worked; tuey create a !’•“ "'t*' horn, the rat jumped and screamed,
home market for the surrouuding country. But • blood issued from the wound. ‘B >n, says I, |it
North Carolina contains those materials which humbug; the horn is really a part of the
elsewhere, are of sutfieieut importauce, to build i s body. I paid fitty francs for the rat and
up large towus and large markets; 1 refer to uer I earried it home.
coal aud iron, aud when we take into theaccuuut,
the fact, that both are of a superior quality, aud
inexhaustible iu quantity, itisevideut they must
become a source of direct reveuue and wealth,
both to individuals aud to the State; to the latter
especially, through the increase of taxat>le prop
erty. So also, in proportion to ttie development,
the North will become indebted to North Caroli
na, because the North is her market, and hence
York, has conseuted to deliver the address before ^ of trade will be in her favor, and
the xMasonic Fraternity of this State, iu Oxford, I Northern exchange will cea.se to command a pre-
ou the 24th day of June next, on the occasion of nt ti.^ b*.,,.
the completion of St. John’s College. The iMa-
sonic Fraternity, generally, are respectfully aud
cordially invited to attend and participate in the
rites incident to the occasion.
All papers iu the State friendly to the cause
of Masonry are requested to copy.
Xational Clay Monument. — We learn from
the Kentucky papers that the Directory of the
Clay Monument Association, at Lexington, Ky.,
has at last selected a design lor the national
monument to be erected in the cemetery near
that place, over the remains of Henry Clay. The
hieght of the column, together with the ba.se or
sarcophagus, is to be one hundred and nineteen
feet, and upon the summit there will be placed a
colossal statue of the departed statesman. The
association have decided to construct the monu
ment of Kentucky stone, the magnesia limestone,
which is said to be as indestructible as Egyptian
granite. It is designed to lay the cornerstone
on the I2th day of April next, Henry Clay’s
birth day. The Hon. Edward Everett will deliver
an address upon the occasion—which will doubt
less be au unusually interesting one, and be listen
ed to by a large coneoursc of the lamented
patriot’s friends aud admirers, from every Stale
in the Union.
Burning fluid has caused 26 fires in this city
during the last six mouths, the death of three
women and two men, aud the serious injury of 14
persons beside.—N. Y. Times.
Materia Medica.—Credit is given to clergymen
in notices of marriages. Why should not notices
of deaths be equally civil with physicians?
Such are some of the legi
timate aud certain results of development of tue
hitherto hidden resources. I cannot trace them
out through all the ramificatious.
Sutfice it to say, it is felt in the rise and the
value of taxable property; in the growth ol» man
ufacturing towns, the impulse which will be given
everywhere to agriculture, the improvement of
roads, the construction of railways, by which the
avenues to market will be laid open, and impart
ing thereby an efficient stimulus to enterprise
throughout the State.
Tribute to Freaident Fierce.—As President
Pierce if about to retire from office, a correspon
dent ot the Richmond £/nquirer proposes, if con
sonant to his own feelings, that the State of Vir
ginia raise, by individual subscription, a sum
sufficient to purchase a Southern home and pre
sent it to him, as a substantial approval—not in
word, bat in deed—of his admiuistration of the
government. To put the ball in motion, the
correspondent promises to pay one huudred dol
lars, so soon as the necessary amouut is sub
scribed.
Lucy Stone, in a lecture in Bangor, recently
said, “We hear of hen-pecked husbands, but
nothing about rooster-peclied wives.”
I-'tor it
JUST printed and for sale at this Utiice, a Lecture
delivered by J.\mes Banks, Esq. on tiie Life aua
Character of FLOiiA AIcDOMaLD.
Price 10 cents. A liberal deduction made by the
dozen or huudred copies.
E. J. IIALE & SON.
Feb’7 12, 1867.
Blanks for Sale at this Office.
‘‘Tlie next day I invited all my friends and all
the sivans I know to coi.ie and see the wonder
They were delighted. I was mad with joy. A
geutleman suggested that I should get a female
horned rat, that I might liave a brood of homed
rats. Tlie idea was a good one.
“The next morning I went to see that Z'uave,
and asked him it he could give me a female horn
ed rat. ‘Oh, yes,’ says he; ‘my friends in Africa
have sent me several horned rat.s, and it happens
that two ot them arc females.’ I selected from
his cage a healthy, fit horned rat, I paid him
fifily francs, and went home, put the rats iu the
same cage, and when, in due time, the female
horned rat brought forth little ones, I was en
chanted. None of the young rats had horns—
‘but,' says I to myself, ‘pshaw, that’s nothing;
elephants have not tusks until a good many
months after birth. Attendons,’ says I, aud I
waited one month—nothing; two months—no
thing; three months—nothing: four months—no
thing; five months—nothing; six months—eh.
Mon Dieu! nothing. In vain I examined their
noses through my best microscope; no sign of a
horn appeared. I happened to meet an ofiicer
who had served long in Africa, and I said to him:
‘Mon General, you have served a good many
years in Africa.’ ‘Alas for me,' says he. ‘Did
you ever hear of horned rats,’ says 1. ‘La/ says
he, ‘haven’t I; they are as plenty at Algieri as
grisettes in Paris.' ‘Theu,' says I, ‘be goud
enough to explain to me why their offspring
never have horns.'
“I told him my story. When I got through I
thought he would have died a laughing; he
shook, he rolled on the sofa, he cried. ‘Bou,’
says I, ‘I’ve been cheated.’ When he became
calmer I asked him to exjiluin. ‘Horned rats,’
says he, ‘are manufactured by the Zouaves, who
take two rats, puncture their nose.^, aud graft in
each rat’s nose a portion of the other rat’s tail,
and when the tail adheres to the flesh of the nose
the tails are cut, aud each rat has a horn.’ ”
K. M. ML’KCUISON. A. J. UOWbLL.
MLiiCillSON HOWELL,
(Joinnii^sion M rchantSj
No. 1U4 wall JSTHEET,
59-itf] ili£W YORK.