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a2 r y r i in y
VOL. 1
THE SENTINEL.
PRESIDENTS MESSAGE
MKSHAOK OF TIIK PBKSIpKJlT OK
TIIK UNITED oTATKn, KJSIUKIU.WU
TO THE UOCSJt OF KEPUK8KNTA
T.ValMU KMTITLKD "AN ACT
vmnm vqh th mors: kitw
( 1KNTUUVKUNMENT OK THR KKB
Kl. STATES."
T rt Mm i rjrrf ie .
1 ve cxtruineal the bill "to provide lor
the more tettt uwrtMHiii at the tM
states" with lUe care und anxiety which it
InuBWuduHt iuiporUtiKM it calculated t
,lirkr I mn -eneMe to give It my assent
ir rtsou tu grave, tbtt 1 Inn stoUnwut
l ll.ein may "me Influence "
mm of th patriot's .ami enlightened iucb
The lull ,! Wlt irf ji ten
state, thereto Btnu-d, uifdcr the atwolute
,'iniimiMHi fmi.rry iuteri tnd the pre
.mblo undertake K'v Itw reason upon
w-nieb the WWuKb ImI, BUtt the ground
upon tilrV it b ittirtilWl. li .lwlri 0.t
tlwre U Utb govern
...I mi ult-ouitle Kimimn utr iii
iit uruirtr. mrM ot en
fowi"K f l"M, ""'7 lb, ir
limili. I" tr l,,ial ' '"" '
H i not ikminl HiHl lV 8UIi in
Umw jwtlt ( rt-" w1v,;M"-ot.
with H iIm' xwi ewwrt'W, judicial ami
ti.tiwliiJ l,MH3' ''""K
HUU Tfc'J "rKiniw!l like tb other
Siik ul tiw UiiUm, ml, like llictn, tlwy
inakn, ln'"t eKl tho !
whH'h -NNirvni tiieir Mrtic affair. An
.Jirli lunctkiua u tbrm, U il ll the law f
ihe SfatBp"11 BMUfra within il juris
. Ii-Uvn. To irMHiiw' tk 'imn law
tuakiiiK lW wtalilialinl Hlat illi-gal,
, to KiJ tllt I'''- l "' ' Ulll l'ut.
' li..vi.iimi wliW-h Own Unteiwiient.
Iism made fr tli" nwfalUm f cinlr, tb'
,iitKii-n f crime, anil the retire ol
iinvt injttri, re R rtillv awl ptiHci
ilw aaiw a Ukh wliu Ii in-ail i tb
N,,nli. rii Ktu- d uther civillwtl un
trit. 'I'lwj iMirUiiidy have n.t mucwkI1 in
iiirTriitiiijf tbi omniiiiii ' all crime, our
tlii Krit aMlihd anrwhere in the
,.rld. TtiT, aa well e. rtentt, olfce
.1, r MHUuua r want of ltiwHi
,,r..-uli.m, anU o.-Mioeally, iwi1u)m, by
il., iiH-ltieienrjraiMl Mjud .rfjumr. It
uiMk.ultlMlty true Uiat thrm eri! hf
I... n nim h inerraanl aiKl agKravaUxl. Nrth
awl S..ulh, by tin tM'rliiiiguilirnereef
I .ul am, awl llw rmir.'ii MhNM barh
i. , ,H,ut ha enicmMkrrnl. But that thorn
it' are
maiatiuninu utvci
lut ikcuMelvca wliif h Mil
lituallli tk4ea Urn
i.j.ct ( alt giivirmwel ami femler their
own Kvr4"mil nwrty Imertlre, It t Itaelf j
titlcrlj iuii4iUMe,iHl tbe vwut .rf tbe
lull to tliat fft i t auimrtea hf any j
ruleiictt wkwkhwi towy kalnl!.
All tbe iufujuiaVt. 1 bae . tbe auhyeet
unVinix bib that the majtw tf th lulilh !
. m Nule and lhHe " hit eMitrl lbir iul
n, m lv ikl, tb. MrUtn . livere !
i.diH n quwtimi wl lVbral pt'lky, are m
.i,ily .tl4naieaT.aftUiViwthir
r,-irij on tbe li "f p"", "d tti ret.n
tlw:ir wmnal J"JHity rapidty and a
, wie4y m JhVijU r4,-eei4n will "r
mil. ' " C.
TW,- l.ill, iMiwaMaavVaatkl mmm to ahw
up il lara! thiU llK.lblilHB.!iil of iwacr
and khhI litilrf W wwt ita rrttl uliji-cU Tin
ti t fit .ovtiiia tbaJarre that the pf-.r.liii
rkaw iill awB lo n:ri in any HUM-;
IIk-w rviiiM am, Hrat, tbe arbaaHm ul
.l,l,j!i, w Wtut UuwvetMHifl by an via:
imiu at wfiktb mtcruea aluill las allowed t
viitet DeciiNtl, the fiirmatbm f a Htale Con
Hlitntiiui by the ytnventin mi cliown. -Third,
lb laarlio.JnttlM BUike mnti
tttttne of a emekianei weiefc-wiU . nr tin
nylit nt" vtiliriK at 'wll islerttw Ut m-nm,
um(. tii Mrk white H-a at may nt be dm
' iraaVhiaiat nr i4h)IIm lbyw Knwrtb,
tkc aaUMkaiuet at lit dmatituUim fur ralM
liiit' W eagre til white.Mte nut dia
Inuirkiatid, the Us tutual ratitbattkM by
theft Fiflhy the aliinkalnit of the
bUU OiHiatlHUkHi to CunKret for exami.ia
tin ami aprvat, aiMl tbe actual a)ruval
t it by that naaty. HUtli, tln aduutHta of
err lain amendmutit to the Ketlrtai I'onnti
tulioahy OUi of the Lejilituru elected
under tbe aw Cuoatituiion- Beveath, the
uhiptkia tt aalit aawtndinenl tiy a autHcieni
nnuilwr rt other Htatrt to make it t part ol
Ike WUt4i wf tbe United State. All
tbea owhlitiotia HMit ! luillllfd lit'Core ,h
penple of tmf ( tlieae Ittatea ean lw rellered
in ,in the hundaife of military domination ;
I nit whet theyjare fulliHeil, then immediately
the in and pilialtie l' the hill are to
K-iwe, no a latter whther there be peace and
or, let nr ant, twl witlniut any relereure to
the arcvrltf ntHle or uroimrty. Theefoiw
Kivea fur tbe bill In tbe preamble it admit
tlbt tbe bill kteell nut to be real. The mil
itary rulewlitelt it tetaliliahet i plainly to
lw aaed - tot for any liurnoae ol order or for
tbe preVeotiiMi of oriine, but aolely at a mean
olroercinK the )ierde iuU the adoption of
oiIih iplmant! meMnifea to whieh it le kwiaii
tht liej treftppoal, tml upon which they
kava tn 4iuWeiidde right to camlet their
own juiljiu'-iit.
I lubnilt to ('oiirreai whether tlua meaa
nr ii imt, in it wTde character, wmw and
olijuct, without precn'lent tml without au
thority, InfHilpaM illie with tht piaineat
ptwition tit tbe imtitHfct, and utterly
deatrurtive to Ibow ri-at priucipleii onth
erfce and buuuuiily f"T wbiTb nr tureator
nn both tide ol the Atlantic have hed o
. iuu;h 14ouil and cxpeuded at) mot h treawire.
Tbe ten rltatra oarued in the bill are df
vided into Ave diwic t. For each district
an (ifflcet of the army, wt (licb.w the rank nt
l!riK'dirr (h neral, U to lie appointed turnle
o,r tbe people; aiul he U to be iipporU.-d
with an eflicientmilitory tome to enable him
to perform hit Anttt tnd enforrtbit aathor
ity. ,Th.IUti.it and that wit hority.aade
liiici by the third aecthwi id the bill, are,
"to protect til penxMu iu tiieir riirlitof er
. whI property, t4 aupprea InaurrnctHia,
:ilitwtml'tofaak!e
to ba rMnd-4 all lrlierrf the vuldi
peaot or ertirilnhhi. pw poww thtn (rJven
to Umi oimmndiiiK iifli er over til the people
nt eaoh dUtrktt ia that of an alwolota twaav
arrh. , Hi mere will in to toke tht place erf
tilth The Itw ut the Stetee It tml the
only rul tpplieabre to Ute eiibjeete plaee4
nader bit vitrol, tnd that it completely alia
..l.l K. ft.. luu ahiril diwlarea all le-
' teriiTiMHi-"t Hint) aiitboilty null and void
lit thiue i pernitltod to iletermiiiuwlitttre
i Uii 'of jnin or projurty ami lie tut
protect thetu in tacit way a in hi diacre
tlon may eeem proper. It placet at bia fret
diHMal til the laud and good In hit dia-
tnct, and be may Ulatrtbute lurm witbout
let or hindrance to whom he pletara. Being
bound by uo Hute law, and tliore being bo
other law to regulate tbe auliject, be may
make a criminal code of bitowo ; and he can
make it at bloody at toy recorded in hia
tory, or be can reaervethe privilege of acting
Ummi the impulse of hi private patulous in
each ciue that arise lie it bound by BO
rule of evidence ; there it indeed no pro
viaion by which be it anthorizeil or required
to take any evidence at all. Everything it
t crime which he chooee to call o, tnd all
peraont are condemned whom he pronounce
to he guilty, lie it not liouml to keep any
reward) of make any reitrt of hia pruuecd'
ing. He iuy arrt hi victim wherever
he finds them without warrant, accusation
or proof of probnble cauae. II he give them
a trial before be influ t the uuiiuhiurut, be
give it of hi grace and mercy, mil IwcaUM
be I commtnded an to ln.
To a camiiil n ader of the lull, it inigbt
m-ui that aome kind of trial waa ancunal By
it to pciMnia weused ol crime ; hut tttek ia
notluecaae. Tbe idBcvr "may nllow Ueai
civil trihunala to try offenib-r,'' but of
ure tin iloe not require I bat he ihall do
an. If any State or Federal court preiumea
to eien-Me ita hval jariediction by the trial
of a malefactor without hi upeciei iermi
ion, be ran break it up, and pumab tbe
jnili and juror a I wing tbemaelve mnl
rlactor. He ean aave III ineiul iroiu jiim
tice, and di-ainiil bin enemie contrary to
justice.
It in also provided that "be shall have
power tn nrgmrne military commission or
tribunal ;" but tliia power he is not col
iimiidiil to ierrie. It is merely permit
ive, ml la to l-e uaea only "alien iu nit
jiiduirnt it may he necessary for I lie trial of
nro-niler Even ir tlie ientenre or a com
mission were made a pre-reqniaile to tlie
piiiiUlinicnt of a party, il would lw scarcely
the slightest check upon the oliii-er, who
hsa snlliority looruanitx it a lie pleases.
presenile lis iiiimIc ol proceeiliiig, spsilnl
lit uicinls'ra from aiiMMiig hi own ulMnli
natea, and n-viac ad its domioiia. I nates, I
f fuitiuatinii the liarsl iir-as of his aiogkrrule.
such a trihunal would lie use I much more
oroludilr Ul divitbi tbe nssponaihility ol
making it more cruel and unjust.
Several provisions, dictated by tlie human
ity ol ( 'ongreNt, have lieen iiusriied in tbe
hill, appsrtntly to restrain the power of tb
Com man. ling ullkcer ; but it anrma t) me
that they are or no avail for that purptaw.
The fourth section provide- A'irat. Thai
trial shall not. h ui.Boce aai ily uVlnyed ; hut
I think I hve ahown that thcM.w-r i given
to puiiiah;wilbiHit trial, tml if so, tbi pro
visb-n I practically inoperative. Kneutul.
CVoel or umiaual punisbmvnt it not to he
inflicted ; bnt who is to d-eid what is cru
el and what is unuaoal I Tbe word have
at qulreil a h-gut meaning by bmg use in the
court. Can it lw expected that military
otHrerw witt tmrlerstwrwl or fidbwr a rule rf
preaavtiin lasgnag an purely technical, and
not pertaining In tbe leaat degree to tiieir
tMwfcaaio I U md tb each obW may
oVBim cruelty neasnling to hit wn temper,
ml if ft t not usual, be wilt ntnke it asoal.
(Virporcal puutahment, imprison meot,' the
gag, the ball tnd chain, ana the almost in-anmt-rtalte
torm of tori ere ietewted fur
iniliUry punisbmaint, lie within Ute range
ttlclmiee. Tain. Tbe senUdste of t otf
misHioii is not Ui be executed without Iwing
a(.,,rol ly the eoututamlvr, il it (uis 1
lite or liberty; and a seutence of ileal b
niHst approved If Preslbil. "Ttiis
applies to citsts in whn U there hat lieen
a I rial slid acr.lence. I take It to be clear,
un.Ur Uiis hill, that the military comman
der may condom te death without, even the
form of a tiial by a military fsmtmiasUn, so
Uwl the life 4 the comk-iunud aaay (tepeud
the will of two men instead ol on. :
It is plain that the authority here given to
the military officer eitxmnt to absolute W
potlsm. But to make it still more nnen
duraMc, the bill provide that it may be
deb-gstcd to aa many subordluetua a he
chasm lo apfMit ; for il declare that be
shall "imnish r cauae to he umNihr-d,"
Such a power has not been wielded by any
monarch in Knglaod bar more thee tru bun
i trad year. In all that time no people who
apeak tlie KngHsh language have Iwrne so. h
servitude. It reduce the whole population
of tbe ten State- til persona, of every col
or, set, and condition and every stranger
witbin their limit to the most abject and
degrading slavery. No matter ever bail a
control to absolute over bit slave aa tills
bill give to the military oftlcer over both
white ami oohrd pereuiav
It may l answeretl to tbi that the offi
cers of tlie army are ton magnanimous, juat, ,
and hnmana to preat and trnaipl pa a
subjugated people, t do not doul that
army olHcera are tt well entitled to tbi
kind lit confidence aa any other claaa of meu.
But the hisuwy ol tbe worbl hat been writ
ti n iu vain, if it does not loach ut that un
restrained authority can never be aafely
trusted in human hand. U it almost sure to
lie more or less abused undur any clrrum
tiauuk, tud it hat tlwty reaultoil in groan
tyranny where tbe rulers who exercise It are
strangers to their subject, and come among
them a the representative of t distant
power, and more (-specially when tbe power
that sends them it unfriendly. Govern
ments cloaely resembling tbtt there pro
posed have been, fairly ttied in . Hungary
and Poland, tnd the auuVilug endered by
thiax, people roused tbe sympathle of tb
entire world. It waa tried it Ireland,
and, though tempered at lint by principle
ol Knglith law, It gave birth to cruellies to
BtnN'ioua tbsl they are ncvur rerounted
without just indignation. Tbe French, Con
vention armed iu deputies with Jbi power,
and aent them lo the Son I hern departmeuu
ottho llepublir. The massacre, mnrtlen,
and alrocttioa which they committed show
what the.pwwjont o the tlilctt meu in tbe
most civiliaeil MMjiety will tempt tbem to do
when wholly unrestrained, by law.
The men of our race ia every tge htva
struggle to tie up tht html their Gov
ernments and keep them within the law ;
because their own experience of all man
kind tangbt thein that ruler could not he
relied on to concede those righto which they
were not legally bound to reapect The
head of a gretl empire baa sometimes gov
erned it with a mild and paternal sway;
but.tba Undue ui a U;rj8poaiLl timty
never yWd '.-. the ntw. ibws not extort
from hiiii. Ketween such a master and the
people suljeeted lo hi domination there
eta he nothing imt enmllj ; he putiisbcs
thent If they resist but tutbority, tad. If
tlmy tubtnUtoit, he httet Ibem tor their
aerviUty,- .-f -j, -i
IentntwAW tot qucadianwhichkvtfpoa
nible, ttill mm ImrtortfTit. , HtTt wt JtlMf
powrt to rtoto." i v'T into execatlon
I mia v mitwer, certainly
"thorny f tin tht
IIALE1GII, N.
Constitution, aud if we are Ihiiiii,! by I lie
lioiitstiona which it imposes.
This proposition ia perfectly clear that
no branch of tbe Federal tloveriiinent, exe
cutive, legislative, or judicial, enn have any
just powers, except those which it derive
through anil exercise under the organic
law of the I'nion. Outside of the Constitu
tion, we have no legal authority more than
private citizens, ami within it h;ive only
so much as that instrument n'lves Hi. Tliia
broatl primiib. limit all our tnin'tlonft, and
applies to all subbts. It protects not only
the citi4-ns of Htab which arc w ithin the
Union, hut itthiehls every hniiian I M-i n
who comes or ia Imitiglit under our juiiHilii
tion. We have no right to ilo in our phiee,
more than in another, that whieh the Con
Mllllllolf XSJI e sliall I ill it. i ill nil II.
then lore, the Southern Stales Mere in lr.it,
out ot llic I'liinii, ttc tr.nl, I not Ir. ii their
Iwopte ill a wfly which the tunihiineulnl I:ih
orttuls, t
Some pi ntona asHittite 1 toil the neeeri of
OHr arms in crnahino the opiositi..n wliieh
waa made in some of the Stale t,, the exe
cution of the Federal laws, r, lin , I i h .
Htatea ami all lhe H-o,le tl.e iun.M i nt n -well
as the oiiilts - lo t he cm, lit ion ,,l v an
salage, and trim n p,,M,-r over lliein vtliiet,
the Coital i I ti I ion dm- not Ik'nIow, or ill litie
OT limit. No fallacy an Ik- III. .re lian.-.ul
ent than this, ll-tr vicloiten niiIi. , i, .1 ih,
insurgenla to legal obedience. n,, In ll.e
y.Mie of sn arbitrary dtrijsitirtin. 'h,-u an
alasilute sovereign redutes hia n ie lli. .iik mil.
jectt, he may ileal with thein acei.r.llug t,
his pleasure, because he lial that poser
before. But when a limited monarch t.iil-
down an insurrection, he must still giivi in
accordinu; to law. If an if isurrccl ion t,hoiil,I
take place in one ol our Stale soiiinMi tlie
uthoritv ol Hie State K" eriiiiieiil . an. I en, I
in tlu overthroa' ol' thi kIih planneil it.
would that take away the nirhls ot all llie
plople ol the I i untii A here il HU, t'uvolTil
l,y s part or a urij niti ol III, ii t .iiirtl i, ,it '
Could lliev, f',r wiieti u retiHon, l-e ,tli..ll
outlawe, ami ile,rie,l ,,l tie tt r, j,,i ola
tion in the Ix-mlai ure ' I have ul w i, v i ..n
U-ndi d that the l.,vi rniui ut nl tin t i , i r , I
Slates tt at a. . v en - i ti , , w il Inn il e. i.-t 1 1 nl i. .n
al Sphere; tllitl it eXectlll',1 OK l;lws, like tin
Stale IhelllM-lvi. I V 'p,l.ll'g il" eoerelle
isiwer directly lo in, lit nlual ; mi, I tlntt it
could put down iltHliiTcct wild tlm Hani,
lHfei'1 sa s Hlale, ami no other The of,
posile ihs trnte ia the worl lien--t .l' tlmsc
who alvM-atcd st!Ctsioi, ami e, ilih.it ls
Sf(ris,l to wttlitiut adtniti oi:r I'ett he.res to
Is- right.
Invasion, insurrection, rels'lhon, nod do
mestic vhth-mv were anticipttled when the
Governiiiciit was Iramed, and I he mean" ol
repelling ami an , pressing thcni were a iacl y
provhknl for in tlie t onatitiition ; Imt it waa
not thought tteccssarv to ,1,-clare that the
Stales in which they might s-cur .hoitl.l l,e
ex pel let) I rone the I'nion. Itclsllioua, which
were iniariably suppnsisetl, ts'cuired prior
lo that i, il I ol which tbna iinwtiona grow;
but tlie Stales iMitinuitl to cvist Htid the
Union renisinetl unbroken, le Masaaclin
aetla, in rennaylvsiiia.in Khisle lahuid, and
in New Yotk. at dilTcrcut perimls in ottr
hisby, violctit and srtuetl opposition U
the llnilmi Ststes was nnied on ; bill the
relations of lhasw Ktalt a with the federal
Government were not sirppnsnl to Is- inter
rupted or changed thereby, slo t the rela 1
lioua portHHH ot their population were k-h-ated
aatl put tlown. It is true that in
these earlier caaet there was no loriual ex '
preasion of t determination to withdraw
from the Union, but it is also true that in
tbe Southern Stale I he oritinius. u attcea
sion were treated by all the triced of tlie
I'nion as mere nullities, and are-now ac
knowledged tn be an by the Htntcs them
selves. If we admit that they bad any force
or validity, or thai they did in fact take the
states ia which they were patted out of the
'Uan,.wf,; sajpag Irom ..umjer ,.Mtricl,,.tll,,
the grnmitbT npnw which we stand in justity
Ing til use of Fo-bTsJ hmx to maintain the
integrity of tbe tlovernmont.
This ia aliill passe,! by Congrvs iu time
ol peace There ia not in any one of the
Butet, brought autlef ita operation, either
war or insurrection. The laws of the
Mutes ami of tbe Federal Government are
all in nudiaturlwd and barmoniout operation.
The eoarts - Stste ami Fetkiral, areoien,
and in tbe full exercise ot their proper au
thority. Over every State, couipriacd in
these five military districts, life, liljerty ami
property are aecuretl by State laws and Fed
iral lawa, anil the nntioual constitution it
every where In force and everywhere oleje,l.
What, then, it the ground on which this bill
prtweed I The title of the bill announces
that It it intended "lor the more efficient
government" of these ten State. It i rcci
Usl, by wty of preamble, that no legal State
govern uieuts, nor adequate proletition for
lite or property, eaiat in those States, and
that peatee and gotl order should tie thus
eulorccd. The Unit thing which HrrteU at
tention UMin these recitnls, which prepare
the way for martial law, ia tbit that the
only foundation iimi which martial law can
exist, under our lorm of government, ia not
stated or so much as pretended. Actual
war, foreign invasion, doiuealic insurrection,
none of tiles apMar ; and none of these in
fact exist, it is not even recited that any
tort of Wtr and Insurrection ia threatened.
Let tt pause here to consider, upon thin
question ol constitutional law and the Miwer
oi Otiegr, a recent decision ot tlieHu
pram Courtis erff Milligan.
I will Aral quota from the opinion of the
majority of the Court : "Martial Itw can
Bot arias from a threatened invasion. The
mralty mutt be actual tod present, the
invasion real, such a eftVctimlly chwes the
tiartt tnd depose the civil administra
tion." We are that martial law comes in
only when actual war co-H the court and
despose the civil authority ; hut this bill,
ta time of peace, makes marital law operate
as though we were in actual war, and lie
eome tbe edvw, Instead of the waarurnn;, of
tbe abrogation of the civil authority. One
more quotation : "It follow trout what hits
htmn said on this aiilowt thai there ar oc
casion when martial law can be pnMrly
aiiplietl. If in foreign InvsMion or civil war
the court are actually closed, and it is im -ptawlhle
to adiniiiistor criminal justice
according to law, ti-w, on the theatre of
active military opcrnt Ion, where war really
prevails, there it a ni-ccmily to furnish a
subatitnte lor the civil authority thua over
thrown, to preserve tlie a.tfclv of the army
'nAtTitW': ::im,wnt frwkwmtbWim
military, it ia allowed to govern by mnrtbd
rule until tbe laws can nave tbeir I roe
course."
I now quote from the opinion of the mi
nority of the dmrt, delivered by Chief Jus
tice Chaae t "W by wo weant tttert that
Congress cab establish and tpply tho ltwt
of wtr whert ao war bat been declared or
1 1 lata. Where ptr exiats, the laws of
peace i tntiat. prevail. .; 1 In it tiilUciiintly
tje-iiut l' .. exi if in til tlio tvfiiiory to
C. WEDNESDAY. MARCH 6, 18G7.
which this bill applies. It assert a power
in tNingrcss, in tune of eace, to set aside
the laws ol peace and to sulsjlitute tbe lawt
of war. The minority, coiilcurring with the
majority, iha lares that Congress does not
lioaseaa that power. Again, and, if possi
ble, nn. re emphatically, the. t'Jiittt Justice,
y mi retiirkalle clmrneaa anil (,,nli-nastlon,
aimia tip tlie w hole matter aa follows :
"There are under the Constitution three
kinds m military jurisdiction jhm lo tie
exeniaed Isith in peace and war; another to
lie exercised in time of foreign war witlwut
the lioiiinlnric ot the United States, or in
time ,,t reN llion and civil war within Slates
ordiatricta iwrnpiiHl by rel,treatetl as lol
Igerents; and a third to Is- exerciaed In
time ol iuvaajon or inanrreelion willijn the
limit of the United Stales, or during rcls-l
Ii hi nil Inn the limit of the Stale main
l.nnni- aillieion to the National Govern
ii. ,1,1. when the iiuhlie danger riqilire ita
ixin i-i The first nf Ihear may Is-called
jurisdiction under Military Im, and ia found
in a, K ol ( ', nisrcaa preatTlblng rnhai and ar
Ii, lcol ar. or otherwise, mviding for
I i ;;..u ii...i.iit ul the national lort i-a ; the
n. I may U- dialiii)(uiahetl as Military
(' ; iiM-rMidiiig, as lai a sViay lt,
,l, nn , I expeilit nt, tin! hs'ul law, and exer-
''. I h the iiuliiarj coiuiuaudvr under the
ilini lion ol l he President, with the ex prist
or iinnlie.l ain tion of Couirress: while Hie
tnii l may lw denominated .Vnrtial Ialip
I'n 'ir, an, I isctillcd into aiiion by Coiigrtw,
or h nioiarily,f w hen the action ot i 'oiiri-a
eaiini.t he intilcl, and in the caw ,,t' jimti
lying oi cxciialug 'iil, by the rresitlent, in
time ol insiirreel ion oi iuvai..ii ,,i ,.f civil
or tutt iun w ar. withm dtsWitU or UM-siilies
vt In-re ,, i, linary law no longer adequalcly
secures pill, lie Hrtl'ely an, I pnvale riobts."
It vtill U- ol.Hervi'.l tluit ,,t thctlm-e kinds
ol' inilitarv )uriK,lietii,n u Inch can Is- exer
eis,.,! or ,-rcitle! un. I,t our Const it utim,lhre
is bin one that can pri mil iu time til Mace,
anil that is the code,, I In w ctmctcd by Con
:;. ..i tin v o . riiun. ol I it- national for
ees. That l.o.lt ol inililarv law hit no ap
),ii, allot, to the fl 1 1 .,-n, llol even lo tlie Citi
zen m.IiIki .hi. .in-. I iii tin militia in time of
(. ,,. liit tins 1 . 1 1 1 is not a part ol that
oi!ot liniilaly htw. lor that applies only lo
llu sol.hei an. I noi to the 1 1 1 1 j-ti , whilst,
eonl ran wise. I he military law provided by
this lull applicu only to the citizen and not
t , the soldier.
I ma I not say to the Itepresentalivea of
the Atneriean people that their Constitution
loiliitls the exercise ol jmlicial power in
anv way but one- that ia by the ordained
and i atitblishi'il court, it ia equally well
known that in all criminal cases a trial by
jury is iu a, It, iii.IisciiskI.c by the expressed
won Is of the instrument. I will not etl
laine on llie ineslimahle value of the right
thus-secured by every frmman, or speak til
the itaiiocr to public lilierty which must
ensue Irom .1 denial ot it anywhere upon any
pretence A vtrv recent division of tbe
Supreme Court bus traced the history, vin
dicated the digniiy, and made known the
value of this great privilege!) clearly that
nothing more is nee, led. To what extent a
violntion-of it might I excused in time ol
war public thuigcr may admit of discus
sion, twit we are providing now for a time of
profound H-ai c, t he ether! is not an trmt 1
sotdtcr within irar tatrdcra except those
who arc in ) he t;rvitv ol the government.
It i in such a condition of things that an
act ot ConereMti proHwetl which, if car
ried ott w-oti hi deny ii trial by the law lid
courts and juries to nine millions of Ameri
can citizens, ami to their oterity, for sn
tnd. lhliie Mriotl. It aeeins to la- scarv-ely
possible Hint any one should seriously
iwltcve tlua consistent ith a Constitution
which declares, iu simple, plain mitt unam
biguous htnoii.ioe, that all s-rsona shall
bate ih it right, and that no Hrann shall
ever iu any cast lie dcprivedol it, Tbe
tltttuttiluitifm h trbils the arrest of the
citi'ii without juditml warrant, founded
on prolatbie cnuse. This bill authorizes an
arrtsl without warrant, at the pleasure of a
military roinliiiinilcr. Tbe Constitution
dta'lurt-a that "no crson shall be held to
answer for a capital or otherwise infamous
crime, uulesa on presentation by a grand
jury." This bill boh U every h rsona not a
soldier, answerable lor all crimes tnd til
chartfc without any presentment Tito
Constitution dedans that "no person shall
lie deprived of lile, lilierty, or property
without due process ul law." This bill sett
aside all process of law, ami make the till,
xen answerable in hit person anil pnqierty
to tlie will ol one man, and as to hi life to
tbe will ol two. Finally, the Constitution
declares that "the privilege ut tho w rit ol
h-ilxuu earfiut shall not be autqieiulcd unless
when, in east at of reliellion anil invasion, tlie
public safely may require it (" whereas tbit
bill declare martial law (which of itself
suspends this great writ) in time of peace,
and authorizes the military to make the
arrest, and give the prisoner only one priv
ilege, and tit at is a trial 'without unnecessa
ry delay.' lie has no hoe ol release from
custody, except the ho-ie, such as it ia, nf
release by acquitsl la fore military com
mission. The United States are bound to guaran
tee to each State a republican form of gov
ernment. Can it If pretended that tbi
Obligation is not palpably bmken il we
carry out a measure like this, which Wipes
away every vestige of republican govern
ment in ten States and polsHbe life, pm-wr
ty, lils-rty and honor ol all the pooplc in
each ol tbt-m under the tloiuinatiiw of a
single person clot hed with unlimited au
thority The Parliament of lOngluml, cxeiciaing
the omniv,ilt nt power which it claimcl, wuta
accustomed tn pas hill of attainder ; Hint
is In say. It wmilrt convict men jtf 1 reason
and other crime by legislative ennii,iit
Tbe person accused had a hearing, some
time a patient anil luir one ; but gem-rally
party prejudice prevailed insiead of justice.
It otten la-came neci-sssry lor Parliament to
acknowledge il error and rx verse ita tiwn
action. The fathers of our country ileler
mined that no audi thing ah.uil.l ,-eur
iHire. Tlley withheld thp power Irom Coo
grewt, ; and ihut lorltaile itXexereise by that
sidy; and I lie v provided in the Conaiiiu
tinti that no Stan should pax any bill ol
attainder. Iijis. thereKire, imMible for
ahy person in this country to lie conaiiiu
tion ally eouvictcd or punished for any crime,
by kgilntive prM-ciling of any sort.
Nevertheleas, here it t bill of alluimle.
fffamemtti&iifiX p.vife -at Sw.' -Ti '
is I Hist I tisin an accusation sotagiie as tit
lie scnreely intt-lligihle, and loMiitl to he Irue
upoe Doeretliblo evidence. Notoue of the
nine milllont was beard in bit own tlete e .
The reprxwentnlive of the doomed psrliu
were exclutled from tit participatioa in
the trial. Tbe conviction i to be .iolbiwut
by tht most igt,o nli i ut puuidiment ever
inflicted on nitwet of men. It ditfranchiset
then) by hundreds of tbou.samls, anj do
gliid. i tlieiil uil ven Itiu.is Vthil me til'
milted to be guiltiest from the rank of
freemen to tht condition of slave.
The purpose tnd object ot the bill the
general intent wbicb pervade it from I
gining to end it to change the entire struc
ture and character of the State governments,
ami to compel them by It tree to the adop
tion ol the organic laws ami regulation
which they are unwilling to accept if left to
themselves. Thcncgroc have not asked for
tht privilege of vtating the vast majority
of them have no idea what it incsu. This
bill not only throat it into their hsmla. but
compel them, aa well aa the white, to use
it in a particular way. If ihcy do not form
a constitution with precnlH-d article in il,
and afterward cha t a Legislature w hich
will act uooti certain Mcasuri-l in n lirc
scrilaaj way. neither blacks nor whyes ean
la-relieved t'roiu the slavery which the bill
iiiisatea nMiii thein. Without pausing In re
to consider the policy of impolicy of Alri
r'anixiiie I he SiMillicru part of our territory,
I would iiuply ssk the all, nlion of (on
gresa to thai manifest, well known ami tltii
Virsnlly aekiiowhilgeil rule of constitution
al laa, w hit h ,1,-clares that the Federal gor
ernmeiii has no jurisdiction, authority or
M)werto regulate such subjects for any
Stie. To force the right of suffrage out ol
tlie hand of the white people and into the
hands of the negroes i an arbitrary viola
tion of this principle. ;j
Thi bill iuifs martial law at once, and
il oja-iHiioii will la-jin ao aoou a tbe Oen-
t-l il Hit. I hi- limqis call Is- put itl place.--
The .bead ttllt-i tist i e la-lweeii il huiali rule
an,! i . iii ill laittx with the term of this
nil ; ii e is not suspended, in-r are the pet,
pU sll ideal any UllH- lor tree iU-WHrslt"H.
I'm I, hi av to litem, take mart id law lirsl,
I In ti ,elilrste. And when they have done
all I mat this measure requires tin m to do,
other (ouditiona and contingencies, over
which they have no control, yet remain to
Is- fulfilled before tlley can lie relieved Irom
uiMrtutl haw. ABollter t'ttngrcsa must lirst
approve Ike Constitution- made iu conform
ily with the will of tliia Congress, und must
dta laielhtM! State entitled to rcpicscntn
lion in both Houses. The whole question
thua rental!, tqien and unsettled, and must
again iM-cupy the attention of Congress, and
in the meantime the agitation which now
prevails will continue to disturb all portions
of tlie people.
The bill also denies the legality of the
government of ten of the States which par
ticipated iu the ratification of the amend
ment Ui the Federal Constitution alsiliahing
alaveiy forever witbin the jurisdiction of
tlie United States, and practically excludes
them Irom the Union. If this assumption
of the bill be correct, their, concurruuee can
not he considered aa having been legally
given, ami the important fact ia made to
appear that the conseut of three fourths of
the States - the requisite numlwr - has not
been constitutionally obtained to the ratifi
cation of that amendment, thus leaving the
question of slavery where it stood U tore the
amendment was officially declarod to have
become a part ot the Constitution.
That tbe measure proposed by this bill
does violate the Constitution in the particu
lars mentioned ami in many other ways
which I forbear to enumerate, is too clear to
admit of the least doubt. It only remains
to consider whether the injunctions of that
instrument ought to be obeyed or not. I
think they ought to he uls-yed, for reasons
which I will proceed to give as briefly sa
possible.
In tbe lirst place, it it the only system of
free government w bicb we can hope to have
at a nation. AV'heii it cease tit lie the rule
of our eondflcl, w e may perhaps take our
choice between a complete-anarchy, aeon
aolitlated despotism, and a total dissolution
ol the Union ; but national liberty, regulated
by law, will have passed beyond our reach.
It is the 1-esi frame of government the
world ever taw. No other is, or can be so
well adapted to the genius, habits or want
of tbe American people. Combining tlie
trengtb oi great empire with unseakbie
blessing of local self -government having
t central power to dclciid the general inter
erettt, and recognizing tbe authority of the
State a the guardians of industrial rights,
it it "the abeet-auchor ol our safety abroad
and our peace at home." It was ordained
"to form a., more , perfect Uuion, establish
justice, insure domestic tranquility, promote
tbe general welfare, provide for tbe common
detente, and secure tile blefsinga ol liberty to
ourselves tnd to our posterity." These
great ends bare been attained heretofore,
tnd will be again, by faithful ol-edit nce to
H, but they are certain to lie lot if we treat
with disregard it sacred obligations.
It wit to punish the gross crime of defy
ing the Constitution, and to vimticaie it
supreme authority, that we curried on a
bloody war oi four years' duration. Shall
we now acknowledge that we sac liUccd u
million of live and expended billions ,,t
treasure to enforce a Constitution winch
It not worthy ol res-Hart or preservation :
Those who advocated the right of sects
tion alleged iu their own justification thai
we bad no regard tor law, and that their
right ot prtMirty, llie, and liberty would
Dot btstle under the constitution as admin
istered by us. If we now verify their asacr
tion, we prove that they were in truth and in
fact lighting Cor their liberty, aud iusti a,l
ot branding their leaders with the ibshon
oring name ot traitor against a righteous
and legal government, waelevatu -thciu in
history to tbe rank of self sacrificing pa
frmbv Consecrate them to the i Imitation ol
tbe world, and place tht m by the side of
Washington, Hampden and Sidney, No,
let us lcav litem to the infamy tiiey de
serve, punish them as they almuld Is- pun
ishetl, according to law, and lake upon our
selves no share of tbe odium , which tin y
should bear atone. - i
It is a part ot our public history which
can never be forgotten that both Houses ot
Congress, in July 1861, declared in the form
ot a solemn resolution that the war was anil
should 1 carried on for no purpose of sub
jugation, but solely to eulorce the Conaiiiu
tion and ltwt; and that when this was yielded
by the parties ia rebellion, the contest shou:d
cease, with tbe constitutional right of tlie
St eaand of individuals uuimpsiretL This
resolution was adopted and sent lorth to the
world unanimously by tbe Senate ami with
only two dissenting voices in tlie House. -It
a accepted by the friend ot the Union
in the South, ta well at in tbe North, atex-
jirtwing hiratl and truly the object of
ne taar. xm ine latut oi it, many ttiou
sand of pertain in both section gave their
live anil their fortune to the cause. To
repudiate it now bytael using to tbe Slate
and tt the individual within them the
right which tbe Constitution aud laws of the
Uniim wcssjtl Secure hi them, i t breach of
our plightnl kiio-i lor which il can imagine
no ttcntalasj to wha hi cannot voluntarily
ttectHue k party.
Tht evilt which spring from the unsettled
slat of our Govsrtiuieul will be acknowl-
' ' "i -
NO. 8or J
-" - - mm w-asa , mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm
etigeti ny all. Couiliicrelal llltrrc.Mlisc I
ltnsdeil, capital is in etinstant KriI. public
Motilities fluctuate in value, pence itaelf I
not secure, ami the sense ol uioral and po
litical duty ia impaired. To avert these ca
lamities hum our country, Il it imperatively
required thirt we should immediately decide
nHin tome course of administration which
call be atcadfaally adhered lo. I am thor
otyhly convinced that any aettleiuetit or
riHiijitmntsc, or plan ol aetioii which ia in
consistciit with the pi iiiciplt-a ol tbe Con
stitution, will not only la, unavailing, but
mischievous; that il will but multiply the
iiresent evils instead of removing them.
llie Constitution, in its whole integi ity and
vigor, throughout the length and breadth ol
the bind, ia the Itest of all compromise.
Ieidea, our duty do, a mil. in mv judgment.
leave us a choice between that and any
other. I Believe that it contain tbe rein
ed; lliiit ia bo much needed, anil, that if the
co ordinate branchts of tlie Government
wfyilil unite iiin its provisions, they would
lie loiiuil broatl enough and strong enough
to sustain in timeot pesce, tlie nation which
they Is.rr safely through the r.rtleal of a pro
tracted civil war Among the moat sacred
guarantees ol that instrument are those
which declare that "each State shall have at
least Kepresetttatrre,'' and that "no State
without its consent shall he deprived of it
equal aufTrage in llie Senate." Kach House
is made the "judge ol the election, return,
awl qualification nf it own memla rs," and
may, "with the Concurrence of two thirds,
xiel a memlier."' Thua, a heretofore urged,
"in the admission of Senator and Kt presen
tutu, Irom any and all of the States, there
can 1st no juat gmuttd of spprchrnaion that
M-raon w ho nrt disloyal will bo clothed with
the powers of legislation , for this could not
happen when the Coiiatitution and ltwt tre
enforced by a vigilant and faithlul Congress. "
"VVlen a Senator ttrdb-preaentative presents
hia certificate of election, he may at once be
adiyitltal or rejected, or, should there be
any question aa to his eligibility, hi creden
tials may Ik- referred lor investigation to tbt
appropriate committee. If admitted to t
seal, it must be Umn evidence satisfactory
to the House of which lie thus become t
meiulM-r, that he possesses the requisite con
stitutional and legal qualifications. If re
fused ad in isaion as a memlier for want nf
due allegiance to the Government, tnd re
turned to his constituents, they are atliunn
ished that none but persons loyal to the
United States will be allowed a voice in the
I-egisliitive Councils of the nation, and the
Militical power and moral inllueuce ol Cop
gresa are thus effectively exerted in tbe in
terests of loyalty to the Government and
fidelity to the Union." And i it not far
better that the work of restoration should
be accomplished by simple compliance with
the plain requirements of the Constitution,
than by a recourse to measure which in ef
fect destroy the State and threaten the tub
version ot the General Government? All
that it necessary lo settle this simple but im
portant question, witbout further agitation
or dclay,i a willingness on tbe part of all to
sustain the Constitution anil carry it pro
visions into practical operation. If to-morrow,
either branches of Congress would de
cloru thai, upon the presentation of their
credentials, members constitutionally elec
ted anil loyal to tlie General Government
would lie admitted lo seat in CongTess.
while all others would be excluded and
their places remain vacant until the selec
tion by the people of loyal and qualified
ifron; and if, al the same time, assurance
was given that this policy would be contin
ue. I until all'HIaes were represented ltl Con
gieas, il would send k thrill of joy through
out the entire hind, aa indicating tbe Inau
guration of a system w hidi mutt speedily
bring tranquility to the public mind.
While we are legislating upon subject
wbicli arc of great importance to the whole
people, and which must affect til part of
the country, not only during the life ot the
present generation, but for age to come,
we should remember that til men tre entit
led at least toja hearing in the councils which
decide upon the, destiny of themselves and
their children. At present ten States art
denied representation, and when the Forti
eth Congress assembles on the fourth day of
the present month, si i teen States will be
without a voice lu tlie House nf Heprateata
lives. This grave fact, with the important
questions laalore ua, should induce ut to
pause in a course of legislation which, look
ing solely tn the attainment ot political
mis, fails to consider the right it tran-grcsM-K,
Hie law which it violate, or the in
stitution w hich it imperils.
ANDREW JOHNSON.
Washington, March 2, 1887.
To tbe Voter of tbe 49th.. Senatorial
District of H. C.
lUi.suuu. N. C. March 2d. 1867.
',., t it ut:i . As the legislation (tor
this ms at leaat, )ia alxiut finished, I de
sire to a.kbess ou tt short letter, not hav
ing time lo write you at length. We have
U'en in session about forty days and passed
latwta-n one and two hundred law. The
greater portion of them are of a locator
private nature; their effect upon the interest
of the country can only be known by the
unerring lest of experience. Our object
waa to accomplish good, and, to that end
many corporations were granted, with the
view of inviting capital to tbe State, and to
aid the ililfi rent railroads of the State to
carry on ihetr works to eomplMtoa, Bitv
unfortunately to tbe interest of all tb Rail
roads, we failed to make any provision to
meet the interest on tbe bonds of tbt State,
which 1 greatly tear, will defeat that great,
and desirable o'.jtt, (the completion of the
roads at an early day,) and may prove ruin
ous to the credit of the State. The scarcity
of money, and inability of tbe people to
bear the amount of taxation necessary to
meet the intei est on the public debt at thi
lime, together with the threatening attitude
of the Congress ot the U, 8. towards ut, 1
almiit alt the reasonable excuse we have' to
orfer you for not sustaining the credit Ol
your Stale. Having lost everything in th,
war, tbe majority of the Legislature divide
that we are :iot able lo pay the debt now
Anil for the tame reasons we have passed k
stay Itw, extending the collection ol debt),
one year louger than provided for in the old
slay law. Ami lor tbe same reason tbe
House of Common refused to passed the
bill establishing a 1'euitentiafy tor the Mate,
i"rcganhiJ Mitneare sn - irtdo I'
cessity, end! succeeded in convincing th
Senate that it Was so, and it pasted that
lastly by a large majority, bat failed toaaass
the house. The bill provided for ite raiifl-' T
cation uy tbe people before it was to ba
con' t a Itw. I
, The Revenue (al bill it about tht
tt last year, ettwpt tbtt the poll tax krt
riuoedw fifty ito, and thenar I taken
entirely oil of brandy, to far as thi State, k
concerned. . The Ul on whiakey is the same
ttlast year. Tht people in our part nf
tht State hare do right to emnplaia ta bb-
equtl ttxttion ia tbit bill ; it bean oulta at
betvily oa alt other sectioas of tht) fJUU at
it does on tilt wtai, iw , 1
Let mt again bear sUmny to tht good
la haviisr of Westera mtmbura. I hart kesi I
no charge of drunken sets tgsintt ting.o ' j j
memlwr West of tht Bint Rldgt, Tbt es
tions ol tbe dilTereat aett of Iitsmbly wilt
probably cxamiey tbit letter, wbicli wilt lv
give yon an idea of tht laajitlauoa perfect
ed tbi iewion, hoping that tbe tctt them
selves will toon be puUlthtd tad tnraislicd
to the different countlea, 9
The appeal of tht people for rsliat, ta tie
wty of a stay law or to ttop tbt eotsrtt and
magistrate from acting oa dtbta, wat to
prettittg, that tbt LefrislstojajcoabJaotweU
resist them ; so much to tbtt wt hart per
hs)M (irrcised t doubttul power.aad one tbtt
th Supreme Court nay, at Ha asxt titling,
decide unouttttitatioaaL fiat, ia that arsrit,
the Legislature mty ptta anothtr at ita aext
session, which meet the trd. Motday ia
August My atlvlce, tlierefort, to all My
friends, both debtor and creditor, it to ot
promiseall their old debts oa amiosbla ttvww,
justly tnd fairly to both rttrtiei, aeiUttc tx
acting too much. There art axany batd
rate Itoth wtyt ; etch eta judge batter what
his neighbor can afford to do tbttt Ittgltlt
tor oreoarta either tan dseid M naeral
primtiplea, aa tbey bar to do, wbati hKiUed
by them.
It is of tbt utmost Import not that wt
agree among ourselves. Tat) Beotbarn
Btate re reaping tb traits of ta atxiortti
nate (and I might tay, witboat tataavtinT
offence, a foolish) war, tad tht foratot of
our affiicttont It being hettad torea time
hotter by t craty and fanatie Ooeunttt. who
will likely over-rid tht Prtrideat attxi Will
assuredly Bcutralizt tht powers af th Btv
preme Court, thereby dettroying all tbt
hopes wt ever bad-of final justice. Twelve ,
months ago, I became eonvinoed hat tbt
Congress did not lnttnd that WaAotsldbn
restored to our equal reprssatttHoa) at til
after tht next Presidential tltctbttv. wale
they could have torn ttwurtiiea that tha
States would vol tht Rapublicta ticket in
tbtt electioa. I tm atiu exuthsotd that
tbey ttill adhere to UittilM deUrttiaation,
but did net think tbey would tUtrtartrdtb
ConstituUon of tbt United Btttta to tbt
extent of entlrtty overriding both tbatsteu
ti vt tnd judicial depsrtaientt Of tht) gov
ernment. But I tax pained to mixta, ytu
that tbe Congress bat passed a Itw placing
the Southern States tndsr a military gov
ernment, with tht tutbority to call tonvtn
tions, form new erwtitsHioPt tad anbaxlt
them to Congreti for ' tbatt rttifloatioti or
rejection. And that all ptxsoat tzcludetl
from holding oflVvt, ondtr tbt trd articlt of
the Howard aratadaMat, thsll b Wcla
ded both (rota offloa aad tbt) ballot
box, tnd that all mala Btgrett 11 ywart el 1
shall be allowed to vote tad hold afflot In
said Provisional or Military fOvwratBsntt t
well at be members of the Ctowrtatiosi er
Congress ; and that after tfceto seringa art
done, the SUttt mty be ftttortd ftt ttl
tled to reprseottiion. trtttaW the Consti
tution be approved by Congrsst, end the
member seat to Oongrett eta rake the test
oath. It wilt sAt&eetwosfatelr
tolerable, when I iafona yoathat tiitte
things sr being forced oa as ia eotnpliaaee
with tbt petitioai tod tolicilatioot si kaa- -dredt
tnd thouttadt of ajar ew fellow
citixens, praying tbt OottgreM te inflict
thete things upoa a. a they riprtttait. far
tht protection of Union men of botheotors,
whose life tad property tbey wprttstit to
lie onssJe ta tht Bontbsra StatetV I have
declared, oa all ooeasioaa, that the eharge
wst foul ilsodtroa ear people. . ! claim
to he t Union man of tbt origiatl paaei,
when It took tome moral eoortge to he a
Union man, tnd I declare I have aevwr
known tbt life er property ef ttther en
dangered on tccoant of loyalty tfao the
surrender. It does not roquirt at aaucb.
moral courage to bt a Union sita ow at it
did during the rebellion j beace ta asBch
noun tbout It br men whe trtr) karcUy 1
known to he Uaioa awn thjeav atat let na
lorgiva, tnd, if possible, forget the) Best,
and hi the future livt tike bxMbera, ,
But, feUnw-tttxens, thing are traTeting
with sach rapidity fo (aal fear) eardeetruc
tioo, that 1 aw atabtstoadvietfor thwbat,
but rather ask of yon what it to be done f
I had hoped that tbt PrMUet'i veto would
have lieen received, aad tbit letter ha been
Kastponetl to the lasthowr rwtbrt purpose ;
it it baa aot been seeetved. Wane I to v '
sdvtse, it would be to do what tear tht) Pres
ident tdrised ui to do, providtd Weoould
afford to do it. There are toast thingtthat
onfcientiow, hoaorable nten eannot tiTord
to do voluntarily. Bat Prssidtat Johnson
it our real friend, and would net- advise aa
wrung, knowingly. It ia eaty to tee the In
tention aud policy of thete who are seeking
our injsry. Their plan le to esU a Coanrsa -tion
by primary meetings through teerwt -orgaaixation,
withent any tathority at fores
of lw,prouretb negro iwte tor delegates
to a Convention, dtsfrsachisa the iwtaaiaattr
of tbe white people who tU1 not join thent,
and bare their new govern taeat Mscrniaed 1 t .
by the oiilittry tathority- then take things -.
their own wty generally, witboat neat ttoav '
ping to think what aooeniilioa thing woehi ,
toon be ia when two-thirds of the Totert wr m "
black tnd uneducatett. I Woald beg at those '
who tre cadeavoring to farce that thins; t.
on us, more eucilivU tbey He atnene as
and have families, f eooacienot take, if nit
" IS.'im.'.ltA M'latt Vbltn i
too. I it aaH easier to make a loesl
out ol a rebel tbaa to ttake a while tana mm
of a black hoc I or easier to ttake loyal Deo-
tU nut ..I' rll'. Uill. k. ' V .
r. - - "mm w ssaae
white people mt of black people's ebttdiwa t
1 hope, ihise things will be potidered well
by all pan les, ami be decided With Judg-'
mentau.l i esson, and not
aot pafiras.
peclfullv ym
Rest
yottn.
L8.JAH.
Governor Swann't JCttaage nf ltaella
''tion. "
Baltiuohk, March I. Governor Swana
to day sent a uueuge to the Legislature d
dining the luikal Siale Seaatonhip for
six year tmm tbe 4th i.Mlsot, to which he
was recently f-hvlial. He says the honor
bad been cash-rretl ta hiei witboat nalicita
ttoa or tgeai-y on hi pert, aad it Wat tt
intewliontti stxvpt imt fficei bat h has
been viaileil by aisay aad Mc nrn,at
appeal fiom the reprcseetativ Bieii ti the
aftaits1id
Jult any imwvidusl proftraaajea of bin, ewa."
Ilbsl an mt alive of ptttunai traWttoa that
Could Inr a moment Influeoot hint to dwrv
nrd hit paramount aMigMloattoUewW
With anna fHrtlismnl.A.tln. L. j ..
f ajMbirial htaMaX ttABotmM ktt taihe-
ciutngxioernaiinj cnsir,
". ;' " ". '.i I, a aetie a i i . ,., I -4
'f Itett4-.U tent),roi what we hear, thai"
frerylHHly it this settjon who hat a debt
doe bim it instituting piowtding to obtain
ti,.f-mti upen Ik -x-yaMnoery Uf7, r-
it tir;
fl.Hl I,
r 1 ,Ji)u uitt, Article
C'onatitutlon of the State 1', s