North Carolina Newspapers

VOL. 2. RALEIGH, N. C, WEDNESDAY. JULY 10, 18(57. 10.12. III c .aa-was. w II I 1 1 II II THE SENTINEL. VM. E. PELL, Pbopbiktok. " TOE SENTINEL." The enntt ot the next twelve month, will be intensely interesting, and of alt-absorbing importaaeeto the people of North Carolina. What tbeae eveuU will be, and what ara to lie their reiultt, m human beiog ran till. All of M CM but hope and deairethat t bey will land to advance and perpetuate ennstitu tional liberty and the harmonium union ot the whole of the United Sutcs. The tfmtintl will continue to advocate and promote the restoration aixl m ount Tui tion of the Southern State, at the earliest possible moment. Thia is necessary, in or iter to the existence and prosperity of these States, if not of the entire Union. It ia of the A nit importance that every man le fully informed of passing events. Every man should take at least one paper. If possible, all should take one newspaper printed at the Capital of the Stale. Wadesiga making the 8 ntinel particu lit I y desirable on account of iu news department, both local and general, and on account of its special devotion to the material and moral Interaata of the people of North Carolina.' Politics will he a secondary matter to the circulation of news. We are still devoted to 1'ie restoration of the Constitution and the Union, and will cooperate with those who. labor .fur effecting that object. We. shall obey "the (Mtwera that lie," ami observe the laws, whether civil or military, or whetb et we approve them or not. All our friends, in all parts of the State, now that the mails axe being more extend ed, are specially requested to aid in the cir dilation of the SnUiiul. It shall continue to maintain a conservative spirit, and w ill labor to do justice to all men and all classes Ai a special inducement to circulate the Weekly, which is a largo sheet, jillnl w itli reading matter, and certainly equal to any of iu cotemporaries, we will furnish it to club of five, ten or twenty jiersons, nt 1. for six months, to each person. Single sub scribera wili be required to pay $:l per an uum. The Daily Silisd, both the morning and evening edition, contains the latest tele graphic dispatches received up to the time of going to press. The Semi-Weekly, a large, well tilled sheet, contains also the latest news received up to its publication, the inside, on the day of publication, being a.te timilt of the inside of the Daily, on that day THE COS Q HESS. Several days must elapsu before Conn l ess will fully consider and act-epon its new programme of reconstruction. Whether it will adopt any ultra measure, beyond what it may deem essential to reconstruction on a Arm Radical basis, is not known Should it abolish the present State government it is to be hoped that it will make i... at tempt to establish fiowi civil gov, riiin.-nis. to be administered by that class of mm in the States, who are chiefly clamorous against the civil governments now in cxi-t ence. Our reason for this is, that such i sons are incometcnt, intellectually and moralty,"aTii the District tsfWm w.h-i--. would find .hem a serious impi diuu -nt. If the present Bute government arc illegal. H rs clear that Congress cannot make new itgnt iVncs, ,y the appointment ol the Dis trict Comniandcra. If we are to have tnili tary tnle admlnistertd by. Congress, through the agency of the District Commanders, barter let hat rule be- mlimlf military Thia will avoid all complication, ami will relieve the District Commanders of the dis agreeable task ot selecting successors from those, who are barred really liecause of their former connection with secession and re bellion, or toUl unfitness for the civil offices to b tiled. II out-and-out, continuous consistency throughout the war as loyal tea to the United States government. lie th rule or teat of filling offices under the new regime, then it will be impossible to proevra competent men lor them What Congress designs doing, we Iioh; it will do promptly, and that it will say what it means, and mean what it says. If, after two years cogitation upon the sul .jeet, it Cannot vriv at a JinalUy if it cannot suit itself, (for no one ever dreamed that it wan tad to auit the Southern people.) then it would be belter, at once, to abandon all ideas of settlement, until the present race of South ern whites die out or have the country ' liana ABB Wendell Phillips' views as to the duty of Congress. They read very Hutch aaif they were the utterances of the Month ern Radical newspapers : "Sweep out of the way, by express de deration and enactment, all these shams aad tpectree of pretended Slate govern ment. Increase, if necessary, the military fuma at the South. Let no village, howev u.t.nt no man. however olwiire. Ie ! able to escape ita all-present control. Pro I pose such amendments to ti e Federal Con stitution as shall render needless this vigi- ; lant supervision of, and vexatious iuteifer j not with, State laws relatitig to the negro race. By appropriate clauses cut down Dtau sovereignty to such small dimensions as shall leave no ground for race haired and ; class legislation to stand upon. i All these measures are needed in order that wholesome laws may have Iree course to run. But the break water against which j Congressional action beau in vain la not the Sotltli. Dismayed, although embittered, tlui South, left to itself, would lie on its kaeea. The traitor in the White House ,a the nation's obstacle ami the rebel's hoe. Unless Congress deliberately intenda to ' waate the next two years, and risk defeat in IMS, It wilt impeach and remove the In vc terate and besotted rebel, ami relieve us from the incubus ol him and his Cabiuet." The organisation of tba negro Itadiual . party South eoaU about fifty millions of dol lars a year to tba Federal Government. BUREAU OF REFUGEES, FREEDMEN A XI) A RANVONBD LANDS. Ho qhs Asst. Coat'aa State or N. C, ) Rtieinit, M. ., July 1, 180T. ( Cireular, No. 13. In view of the new relations now being inaugurated lor the development and eleva tion of the colored people, and the necessity of good advice and aid which a people long accustomed to the advantages anil privil eges of a free nation should extend to those who are entering a new sphere ol life, it ia considered the duty of those whose official positions bring them in contact with thia class to render such assistance in the work now going on, anil endeavor, by all means, to encourage, counsel and help in the pre liminaries incident to the enfranchisement ol the colored copla. . The Officers and Agents of the Huriau in this Stale aru reminded that it ia made an important prt ot their work to inform all freed jh nph- ol t hei r rights and privileges conferred upon them by the Government, prominent among which is their right of suffrage. It is ol great importance that ull should be duly inlormed of this right, and the Im portance of ita exercise. They should be taugiit the necessity til a prompt and thorough registration, and lie assured that tiny will be protected aud every facility ol lend to curry out tba inteulion ol the laws. To this end OlKcer ami Agents will iw their Isi t efforts to thwart designing per aon. in any attempt to impede registration; to preve' ' both intimidations or promiaes iu any an . every guise. It is known I that threats of violence and gross misreprenta- I lions have I icon used in order to deceive I these people, and all such cases coming un- ! der their notice as in any way tending to I intcrh re or impede the operations of the ! law will he at once reported to these Head I (Quarters. j Officeis and others charged with these , duties will exercise great caution iu carry ' in,? out these instructions, taking care that i their advice lie teiiiH-rcd with judgment and j impartiality. Kvery eucoiitagciiieiil will Iw given to lotcr iudusii v. parttculatly at thi season, when so much depends ujhui a i proper calc of crops. I PhPse direction, to Ihose whose duty It I is t" sei that all rights guaranteed lit the j Oovcriiu e-it aru properly enforced, must i couiiuer. I Cin-isi Ives to each and every p r j sou in tin i-m r.it welfare ami progress ot all ! i-lasses, and it i hoped that tin y may meet with an approval which will greatly lacill tale the tuture wellaru ol tiie citizens ol the Slate Itv command Col. Nti.son A. at tLaa, Ho vet Major (General, Assistant Commis sioner. J.oB V. Chi k, lirtrrt l.tttttfiinnt ('uluitfl, A. A. Oen. We arc indebted to Urn. Miles for the fort-goniLr order, which we publish for the lenifit ol all concerned. It is very proper tiial the Krueilmen shall be I'll f y instructed in their rights and du ties. Some ot this, who possess ralllcr possess more than th irdinary intelligence among j them, ms-d ven sjiecial and very wholesome I instruction I'heir notions are tar iu ad j ance of what purport lo tie the in-lruc-i lions received t'roiu the llureail ol uio-st ol ') h adcr tin- Hcpiiliticau party, and the 1 -lift, liHiuc. among many ot them rcn .!- vp.cnl instiiiciiiiiM from the llurcuii ici, iifti-wiT We learn I lial solm ol ihiui i. not sl.p in l),i ii di-malld at nfi-llity le ! tore the law, hut they claim lo have the ; nilit t rwf i)ih uiuintiy they understand ; etU i!i aii'l I (.ion to mean nothing short : ol j,tlni at a w hlle man's Ulle ami sleeping in a white man's l-d In a w ord , t hey hiean lite iihli'ilHsi "I H SuuOsl. Moral, wditi ; c.ii. i ml ni l rs uial distinctions Iu soei ei V 1 - ii s.lisrd ol the prohable results i:l ..hi i .tat, I things, thvy plainly inti I unite that they court collision. We beg t leave to call the. attention of iiva Miles to these facts. Uen. Miles alludes to one thing, about which we presume he must havela-n mis informed II" says, "it is kuown that threats of violence and gross misrepresent lions hsve been used, in order to deceive these people, A-c." Surely un responsible white man has licen guilty of such conduct. Such conversation is seriously reprehensible, hut wu have heard nothing like it. We Ise lieve that every man entitled to register and vote, whether w hite or black, should be fully informed of Ins duty, and the officers ol the Bureau, it appears to us, in this re spect, at least, would serve their country and rill their offices to advantage and very properly, it they would take pains to let the, irhite tieople know tluir duty in this matter, as well as the colored people. For our part, we do what we can to inlorm all of their duty, without regard to color. Iu America, alone, each citicn is a sov ereign, a part ol the grand integer of nation ality On-thi. the nation's birthday, then, let us all swear new allegiance to the great principles which the nation represenU, re joice in the la unfits w hich it confers, and gain new ical iu tin r maintenance. Cincinnati (hitftU, (fold) ith. "Kaeli citizen" may tie a "sovereign," and ' a part ot the grand integer of nationality," lint there are a large nnmla-r ot people, down this way, who can't see it iu that tight. They probably will lat unable to spprec'ulc the grandiloquence ol the flualtii, until it can show how a dis lianchiscd man can Iw a 'sovereign," or how a people, who are not allowed repre sentation, can constitute "a part of the grand integer of nationality." RKUISTRA riUX. Our coteinporary, the Nurfolk riryintuff, counsels the press of Noith Carolina to addles- lhi-uiM-lvca to the great question of iigi-liHii 'ii wtli more continuous ener KV." We have constancy and a leal which, it Its results arc ni better than those in the Old Douiiuiou, will ba labor lost. Without knowing precisely when we shall, begiu to register, or seAa Khall register, we have endeavored to im press its necessity upon our whole people, and this we shall continue to do, unless the action of Congress shall render furthtr effort tmnacseaary. " ;-'';- . ..:. STATE ITEMS. Gen. Sickles has issued still another circular. Here it is : Hbado,'bs Skcond Militakv Disthict, Ciiaki.kstox, 8. C, June 2Hth.. 1867. ClKcrjt.AH. All fines imposed by 1'jst Courts Consti tuted by Circular from these lleadqilarters, dated May 15th., 1W7, will, when the sen tence has laeu approved by the General Coiiimiindiug, Ik: collected by the Post Comnianders. Iu cases where inforiuation has been given of any violation of existing orders, the Post Commander may award to the inlorm ant u sum not exceeding one fourth of the tine imposed and collected. One hall ol all lines collected shall lie for warded on the tir-l day of each month, by the several Post Commanders, to the Acting Assistant ltiHcctor li neral at these Ili ad, quarters, logethei with a summary state ment showing the amount received, dis bursed and remaining on hand, with copies ol vouchers. The hslsixe will he retained and constitute a I'ost Civil Fund, tol.e dis buraed under the direction of the Post Commander in aid ol the i xccutinn of the several IWoustruclion Acts. By command of Naj Gen. D. E. SICKLE. J. W. CLOUS, I apt S8th. U. S. Infaulrv. A. !. C. and A. A A. !. Three ' negroes were arrested in New Urn, on the 4th. of July, on suspicion of being the murderers of the Foscue fanii ly. They were plated in charge of the Sheriff nad turned over, by him, to the military authorities. There u :m a :I 1 1 II I n I ier i it lu-iiriilH ill lliilitnx on I he 4th, w in had aiM'inlli d I thereto celelirate the day They had a I laroe proei siiin, headed I'V Mauohler'-- band trint IN-teiliuit;, widi banners and mottoes, on one ot w hich w as a likenes-, of AIm; Lincoln, will) lite words, '"We are lor war," illseril'ed ulolllld It. ,,ue ol the citi.ells SlIviM-d the lliori coll-idi r:;te of I llc cotorud pcrsou- to withdraw this Irom the procession, hnli Ih j ii, At nielit tbev had a large hall, w hich wa- kept up all night. The toildsboro Morning Slur under atands that a nutulier ol the citizens of that place have Ihmid only rod to Charleston to appear before a Ceurt Martial in that city. - The match-game between the Hate Ball Club, ol Halifax, Mid the Athletics,' of Petersburg, w hich came off iu the foiiin r place oo the 4th , resulted ill a victory tor the Petersburg lioys. The score stood : Halifal I !, Athletic ;4. At night a t-pletiiliil ball and party was given in honor ol the Athletics, at which a large nuiula rol ladies and gentlemen wcre prcsent ll.tneing was kept up until a laic hour, and unalloyed t-n ment prevailed. The visilois wi le lliot Inajtilv welcouieil. and most liatiiboiucly treated. A la-aiitiful j laNjiiet was piesented tit the Athletic Cluh, I l.y the I lilies of II llll iv Santv Ann. I'iik Si c;i i.ii n.n v h j It Will lie lenieuittered that SoilaAlilia was j fM-led in the h.oltoi ol ',-ra Cm., an j American war veil, while attempting to i make his may into Mexico. He was placetlt against his protest, upon the Virginia, an American vessel, and ordered olf the coast. Our naval utlicer, no doulil, eveecded his duty and his authoiity in inleirWing in the matter at sIV, but his offence does not in the slightest degree palliate the mhsuqtient con duct of the Mexican officials. Santa Anna was couiielled to submit to superior lone and as a prisoner lie was carried to sen, The Virginia, in fulfilment of the nhiccta ot her voyage, entered the Mexican port of Sisal. There the Mexican authorities, learn ing that Santa Anna was on board, de uianded him, aud, having at their disposal three gunboats, were-euabled to enforce the j demand. The commander of the Virginia protested against the outrage, and appealed to bis llag, which he spread upon the deck in front ot the gangwav. The .Mexicans were not, however, to la1 halked, and they walked over the Hag, trampling it under' their ti el. The question now arises, will our govern ment quietlv siihmil to such an iiiult or will it demand and cnfbice indemnity It is intimated, in the Northern papers, that the sailing of the frigate Siisipiehaniiah, with Commodore Porter on laiard. under sealed orders for Mexico, is with reference to f be1 matter of reparation. We are incredulous. The power and rasourocs, as well as the courage, of the government, appear to ex hausl themselves upon the people of South. Artificial ice, the New York Evening "W" says, cau lie made quite easily by a simple and beautiful process, of great ail vantage during this hoi weather. The prin ripal thing required is a good air pump. Ou the top of the air pump set a plate con taming sulphuric acid; place a small stool ill the plate, and on the stool set a small tray with water in It. Over all place a' liw' glass cover, fitting airtight. The pump being worked, the air is drawn out. and with the removal ot the pressure the water evaporates rapidly. It soou Itegins to lioil in constspience ol Ihe development of heat. Meanwhile the vapor, carrying the heat away with it, isabsorU'd by the sulphuric acid. Thus the water is actually Irorrn solid while it seems to boil. Whether the apparatus a uld be improved or the principle Is- used lor the production of ice in large quantities, remains to lie proved. But if the art ot manufacturing ice on a large scale shall lc discovered, we may exjiect to see ice factories established. In lact experiments have al realty been made, with a lair share ol snjcs, iu the production ot artificial ice at a cost much less than that of the blocks left at our doors by the ice carta. Clark Mills, the celebrated sculptor, the aaaigtMr and moulder of tba equeatri ttatna of General Jackson, at Washington, was iisrs last week. It it stated that be de sign making a similar statute of General Lea, ard was here lor the purpose of making preliminary arrangemenU to that end. From i be Bout hern Cultivator. COTTON HEED AS A HOURCE OF FERTILITY. Iu the April numbet ol the Cyltimttor, an inquirer asks tbe questions : "Suppose a man has 1.000 bushels of cotton seed, in what, way would they most benefit his crop, put out to seed or fed to hogs put up in a cov ered pen and kept supplied with straw aud leaves f Would he not get the full benefit of his seed and manure, and several thou sand pounds of pork besides, to pay lor the trouble of cooking the seed, hauling in the trash, and hauling out the more bulky ma nure 1 There can be no question that cotton seed is more valuable as food for hogs, cattle and sheep, saving their droppings properly, than for manure applied directly to the tield. At the same time, the best nay to prepare and feed cotton seed, with n view to utilize all of its nutritive and tattening properties, is a matter that deserves dis cussion. This seed contains an excess of oil as compared with its flesh forming prin ciples. Oil i nearly valueless a a fertilizer, but valuable, rightly used, for making tat bacon, beef mid million. It is, however, not unlikely, that expressed and sold lor other purposes, it may be worth more than for feeding farm stock. By hulling seed and expressiiio the oil, a more concentrated article of food, or fertilizer that may lie drilled in w ith a machine, can be obtained The hull has little atue. either as food or manure Kvery planter has not a. hull ing machine, nor is there an oil press near by to prepare loltoii c.l tit the best manner Until these adt inlaui s are within his iiihIi, he must study and practice theart of producing sonic iIiiiil' like a pound of fat bacon trnni every pound of cotton seed oil at lii- command, This result ciiu only be achieved l' giving to the liii-iiuss of producing meat and tetlility r'l the pl.intat ioii tar more .-itteiil ion than is now generally done. Hoping to do oiMi.l, and w ishltiL' not togitc ollctw , I remark I that the capital, industry, anil talent ol the South. hae Im-cii miii It devoted to the i work ol wearing out the primitive Iruiilul , ness of the soil, nteadilv enlargiiiLr the area j in fi in -elcsi. old fields, and constantly nun ing a cold --hoiihler to even science, art , and plai lii e thai aims to iiiiiiasi th h nients ofcrops in all land under h nee or cull i . tivation. Twentv years aeo. this pen utcd f the rodcrs of the Southern Cultivator, t'irougli its editorial columns, to unite sound spick husbandry with legitimate plantinu as the best way to accumulate the essential constituents of cotton, grain, and grasses, in the roost needysoils. The careful study and observation of two de cades, aided by some practice, have confirm ed the i jiinioii that it is alike practicable and profitable to cover the present general nuke Imss of the land with nutrit nus recu perative herbage, and soon obliterate all gullies and galled places. How grass and a thick, unctions greensward rapidly and certainly impart frniifulness to ground that was once poor and naked, I will not stop to point out, If grass did not, in the perfect economy of' Infinite Wisdom, draw the ele ments of' rich mniiurc from water, earth and air, it would la 1 1 n possible for (arm stock to form their bones, flesh and nerves Irom gras; tut these are fertilizers of known poweis and value. If we can make glass grow on our old ami new fields, we have at once the raw material for an almost unlim ited supplv of grain, provisions, wool and cotton, simply because Irom grass we can easily extract the most concentrated and effective manures, and with these, raise cot-lon-seii! i- pleiiiitiillv, lhat i ery laiiner 111 11 V ll ie a " ' lloiit.d bushclv" It is SS sunn o it r t'oo-t to assume lhat quantity as common ut I Lis tunc on plantations, lly raising cijtton no il with rt-ft-rencr in part to irs value lor feeding purposes and as a ferti lizer, iheie will la more clear profit ou the but, and a beiitflr done to the larm in place of an injury Such planting will pay as pcmiautnt ok ration Oats and peas abound in flesh toriuing substunci s, iu w hit h cotton seed is deficient. Hence, ll a lai iner were to boil 50 pounds of cotton seed, 0 pounds ot peas, .10 immiiiiIs of oats together tor hoe,s, the coin pound, well mixed, would la, inoie economical and profitable food ill hi 1.10 pounds of either lioiled and led alone; while the manure would he improved in quality by the com bination exiinpaied with cotton. Oats ami peas, arrca-uly raised, and their straw, prop erly cured and housed, are i alcalde in rais ing 1 t in abK-k. Suppose a tanner has a piece of low ground w here water accumu lates more or less from higher land and evapoialei," My this evaporation, it una Voidably leaves agricultural salts behind, which it held in solution. Thia surface, planted partly in cotton, snd partly in corn, peas and oats, woii'd yield up its agricultu ral salts to these grow ing cro,s. Their seeds iu the mass, would contain not a little ot the fertilizing atoms known to science and laim practice. They will, therefore, make, if duly husbanded and applied, any common poor upland yield r miinc raiiug crops of wheat, clover, cotton, timothy or coin Now, It Would be bad economy to apply grain and cotto scud directly to this Mor upland as manure, but let the tanner cock these seeds properly and extract wi.at mest he can, and carefully apply the large rci dje as rich, unwashed IihnI of plants. Theie an many conditions ot -poor soils in wtiuh the fertilizers, Irom the seeds named, will produce more i orn, coiioti, oats and peas turn grew on tbe tirst named field. This would be impossible, did not the same All wise and Almighty power that gives lo one seed the tuiiclions and properties that de velop a thousand ceds, make timnure equally reproductive lor the sustenance of corn, and other planls. As the vegetable anil aiuiiiid king' loin for .support, it is ol. vioiis that uMtlire's base ill this grand .itl in is equal, in all respect, lo the whoh 1 1 at IZed sllpel'sllllclurc. No mull can ptopetl claim to la- a good practical planter fir mer at this day. who has not earelullv sm died the reproductive force which exist in the liiiuerah-elemcuts ol plants and animals. I tT ami Wihis A lew Sabbaths siiu e Kda was, at her own request. alioMcd to go to Sabbath School, her tirst time, and ilure j she learned the startling iniellioeiice tt I she was made, of dust. Little Kil' mind . was tuny lmprcsscii won me importance ot the great truth, as was evinced by In r tie qilcjit Icfctcilce to the subject, in the shaH ot ipieslious answerable. This morning, however, she propounded a stunner, which brought down the house. Intently watch ing her mother sweeping, ai-if to leara the art, she must finally practice, saying not a word, her eyes rested on the little pile of dirt accumulated by hei mother's broom. Just as the dirt was to be swept into the street, the little philosopher burst forth with "Ma, maf why don't yon save the dust to makaaoaaaxaara Uttla giris --. v: From ths ChsrleMlou Courier, 1770 ANJJ 1S67. To day ninety one years ago, the then thirteen rot.uiir,,, including of these now Southern States, Maryland, Virginia, (!cor gift. North Carolina and South Carolina, by their itepreaentativis in the Congress ot the United States el America, assembled, ab solved their allegiance to the llrilish Crown, dissolved all political connection between Great Britain and theniselvts, and declared themselves free and independent States Helving upon the protection of the Divine Providence and pledging to each other in this cause, their lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor, they entered lhat long and earnest contest" w hich terminated in the full acknowledgment of their indepeml ence. On the ltd September, 17H;I. the treaty ol peace was definitely signed by which not the colonies, as a nation, but t a li of iheui. w as dis hired to be a fn e, so 1 1, ion ion in dependent Stale. The words o the fiist uilicte arc us fol lows : Article 1. His llritanliie Majesty ac knowledges the said United Stales, viz : New Hampshire, Massachusetts Hay. Htiotle Island aud Providence plantations, Con necticut, New York, New Jersey. Pennsyl vania. Delaware, Maryland. Virginia. North Carolina, South arolin.i and feorgia, to la Iree, sovereign and indi pendent Slates, thai he treats with them as -iicli ; and for himself, his heirs Hiid successor., relinquishes all i latins to the go , et nun lit , properly and h riiiorial lights ot the s-inti. , ihd every part thereof." 'I llese Islaten, thus seprrtte mid equally sovereign, appoint . I tlipuiiis to meet in Philadelphia in Hay. I7ii. lor flic purpose ol framing a Com .itutioii, in tin- words of the instructions t ' those l:oin South ('an. liua, "adi quale to the aetu d -illation and tiltllle ooo I o,n rllllient of tin! t 'old'.-, lei ale States." This was l'riiin-:d. and upon being ratified and con tinned by niue. ol the Siutis. each for itself on i he 2D h. of Mav. l'.DO, bcntiuc lite Ciinstlllltioli .1 the Stale, so r.ititxiiig. and. Iroiti thai dav to ibis, is the only leyal I .on. I of I nioii. ut. er whu h justice is to be established, doti.e .' tranquility ensured, the in toll ill I. i e l no id-d, Ol- liciixral welfate promote -I. .1. !. silio. ol lib ever. State ert v si cured to n, i mi lo their IHB.r. Ol the Slates li.Vi little sinuular. howev ol rt ll v ing, it is not a '.- dtvelse then opin- ions since, that the Commonwealths ol Mas sachiisetts. South Carolina, New Hampshire and New York continued the Constitution, with reservations expressive of their views, of the (towers ot the Federal Congress, which are lo day the subject of anxious dis cussion. Of lliese New York and Virginia accompanied their ratification w it h nn ex press declaration in terms of the riolit of secession. The former announced as its understanding; "That the powers of Oov ernmeut may be re -assumed by the people whenever it shall become necessary to their happiness." The latter, ill the name and in behalf of tbe people of Virginia, made known "that tbe powers granted under the Constitution, being derived Irom the people of the United S.tates, may be resumed by them whensoever the same shall bepirvcil ed to their injury or oppres-ion " 77iey.ii concurred in the language of the Massachusetts ratification, "that all powers not j-.r(v delegated by the aloiesaid Constitution are reserved to the strec.i St,t,.t-il hi them Mfrrifd." So jealous wen- the founders ol the Republic, to quote from the same source, to remove the fears nn I iUirt ihe apprehensions ol the good people f the Commonwealths and more et'n'lit4tlit U'trJ itynirtnt an undue aJninti tr.ititin ft' tttt I't.itrixt (inrrrnmtrnt. And to d.iv verities that these fears were not groundless, ll is now claimed for the Kcdi ral Govcinne nt that no powers are re serted i the S'..n er t( I by them ener cised, but that "luc Government is a con solid oed nationality and is independent ol the Status." The Washington Clironirlr, the leading organ at the seat of Government of the con troliug party of the country, on the very eve of the anniversary of the principles ol our independence, announces this without the slightest disgi.ise m the cardinal creed by which the Constiiinion is to lau interpreted. It arraigns the st itesinen who toiim-d the Constitution, and under whose guidance the affairs of the country wire so suciiliillv conducted for over three quarters of a ecu tury. ft asserts that the "earlier statesm. u w, r. remiss in their duty, in not Ii imiio i eie.s, .1 the --MJt'.'l rif -o rrj..., ; rrr . ' t' wit ion orrr the N'.V II id this bi . u d tm nation would have lie- n rendered t l" neons. This Governuicri in r nnoli.loti I .iiti- not a ll'HI'lle or eonlede, -Olon. ll wss. et. ;i tell by the people, md i n,il'i .1 '.. .Vufcs It lllllsl i'iihi the Stales lo h-ivi republican tonus ol "oviniiii.nl and u'o o anlcc thein when made, and it fo!row--s. i.s -i necessity, tli it III, form ,...o.,.f,,. !. chitngr'l iriltimt i otinno not tlo ifil'irootot n In other word-, ilist under tins I it'er phn.-e. no State ran i hiintre or amend its I on-in u tion, in the slightest digue, without h ivino tirst obtained tin iniiiu an I saiu ii. ti ol Cungrcss tin r ... Msrvlnnd was one ot tbi-'orifinnl thirteen States, which imi' I in the Declaration ol Independence, nn.l which trained the I 'on-, stitution and loi I the Union under which we are living It has nevi r been out of the Union. Its I 'i in v etit ion. as that ol New York and other Stales, is now in session, revising its fundamental law. And now, aoainst the past unbroken history of the Itepilblic Iroui its infamy to the p resell I moment. It is l.od;v annonnnd that this must be .submitted to the supervision ot the Coiitrrrss. at Wa-diniglon, or else i-without auhoriiy Iu more direct teinis. that patty const i tlltcs Constitution and Ifoveruinillt. and has . Meet unity dei' roved both Keferring to the Slate Constinition now beint; .enact ednt Annapolis, tli- r'.r -uiclt says ' "We an-satisfied it wib be pronounced nun Kepublicati in fom and as time was no pcrinissioii given t V irv Intnl. to chnnu'e the form of Govern ir- " . -o uti . .1 iu I ?il. arifl several changi - i i e. it m ole since I that tunc irill.o i . f tlie n:iran tor. for aii'boriry i. o into op, rati-m. we expect that lr sly h ! im a i n '. n and independent State,' to bo proi laimcd to la in a state of constitutional anarchy.",. Viol the novel doctrine of heretofore uni Iniiuol, unattempteil and unheard of powers, ap plies equally to . liiew ,.Y.rk, LaaBUcUtisctl and to every other State, of whatever sec tion. There ia scarcely a Commonwealth, which, since 1780, has not revised, altered and changed iu Constitution, 'and it was never' tvtfore ivtavb'''tlka) "Wildest-'-titWt' antes ot a mad philosophy that three sbiHtld la' submitted to Congress lor its approval or juc'ifnient. The idea is too nlterly without founds tion for argument. It is only noticed be cause it is lor the first time seriously advo cated anil pressed upon a party in the coun try w ho possess at present practically the reins ot government. If any thing cart nronse- tire land to a knowledge ol the dangers which threaten its IdsTties ami menace our whole structure of Government, it should Ihi a doctrine like this so boldly and defiantly announced. It is true the Constitution says lhat 4'on gress shall yinimnlm to every State a re publican form of government. But tin) meaning ol the provision is well known At the time ot its nilontinn. the count rv was just passing from a monarchical to a republican lorm ui government. Tho statcH were about moling for thicr mu Uial protection. Great lears were en tertained fn in the intrigues and designs of loreign and antagonistic powers. The clause w as inserted by which Congress, as the Representative of all the States, should stand pledged to guarantee to each the pre servation of its lb-publican form of govern mi nt, and preserve these from any attempts at monarch v or overthrow. It was intend ed fur the protection, and not the subver sion, of the Stales, or of their then acknowledged republican governments. As the resolution originally stood, it read, "That a Republican Constitution and its ex isting laws ought to ! gunruuUad to each Stale by the I lilted Sillies." In the debute w hich ensued in July, 1787, Mi Wilson, of Pennsylvania, said, "The object is merely to secure the Stales against daiioernus commotions, insurrections and re'.. Ilioiis." l oi. Mason said the General Government slu'iild have the right to suppress relwllion nt'iiiiit particular States, otherwise it must remain a passive spectator of its own sub version. Mr. Onrhan said that "an enterprising citizen might rect the tuiul,ird of mon orcii iii a particular Stale ; tnigliL gather together partisans from all quarters ; might extend his views from State to State, and threaten to establish a tyranny over the whole., and he Ui-ncral Govcrnuient be coiup.-lle.l to remain an inactive witness of it- own destruction." Mr. Carroll thought some such provision essential, and that every State outfltl to wish lor it. 'I'he whole intent and meaning ol this article in the t'oiislitulinn was clc&rly to protect the States in their respective Repub lican forms of Government against rioeiice, either foreign or domestic. The events by which we are surrounded are iu sad contrast w it It the principles which this day commemorates. When George Washington, ou the 17th. dl September, !7i, transmitted to the Leg islatures of the respective States tor their rutilicatiou or rejection the Constitution which their Representatives had framed, he coinniendcd it as that which would promote the lasting welfare ol the country and se cure her freedom ami happiness. Under that Constitution we may yet be a free, united and happy people. But, when it shall be set aside, the pillars ol tbes tem ple will Ik- removed and the crumbling edi fice will la-coinc a memorial of freedom, overthrown bv taction. THE AUTOMATION HORSE- A WON DElth l I. I. VEX T I UN The following description of a new invention now on exhibition at ibe ureal "show," in Paris, we clip from a private letter published in the Charleston I'onritr of the 7th . 'I was fortunate enough to be present yesterday evening at a private view of this wonderful invention. The throno at the exposition is so dense in tin day time that any attempt to work it during thu expose tion hours was impossible. Through the kindnessofM.de. M , whose acquaintance I made in 1H.18, w hen he was atturht. at Washington, I formed one of fifty pcjtsomi provided with special permits. On enter ing, groups of the Cent Oardt made ine think the Emperor was present, but I did not see him until the middle, of the exhibi tion 1 saw nulling the curious. Nasnivlh, ot hammer celebrity, aud Whitworlh, ariu in ann w ith Howe, of sew ing machine no loriety. ' I'he iron horse bears no resemblance to its eipiine namesake. Imagine a trunk shaped box about seven ti-ct lonu, and w ide .iiioiioh lor a man to saddle, and iiIhoi! five II ei hioli ; the w bole concern mounted on yllVC Wlieets; uic lioil o.iioic.i, now- ver. limb r the machine, ll is covered wVith leatli.-r. ami lias a samne. niuy uic saddle is vcrv hii.di iu front and back, so that theie is no chance of I i ii lc uiihorsts:!. In front is a steering apparatus of the simp I, -i Kind two silk cords- just before the saddle ii steel bar, which regulates the -pied II you pull it up, you start the in a him . pull it higher up, you increase the -peed; if x on depress it. you slow until a point is reached, when tbe apparatus stops. - 'I he inventor, quite a yotiug man. com uieiiud winding up the machine with what sinned to be a crank motion, and as I dis i nt th beard tlie click of the r.-ichet, I there lore sitpp seil it was worked by a coil spring, bnf 1 bate n a ons since to think thnt I was mistaken. I suppose it took two minutes to wind it, when he mounted it, and started it by pulling up the steel bar. It moved efiaduallv off, so that for the first minute I could walk along side ot it, but presently it started at the seed of a last horse, and in a moment, more was lost, going round the curve ol the circle. "I suppose you know the grand exposition of s series of concentric rings, each one de voted to a peculiar branch of industry. The cm-the machine . was running on was the Xiuiwro (Juatre, taction id Vnyiaiyues, and Iramong the largest, measuiing some yards more than an Knglish mile. It seemed to me to lie incredible that lie should have H-rforrued the circuit in two minutes and twelve seconds. A hearty clapping of hands greeted the machine as it camecarvrrinirorr, and gradually (topping without any appa rent trouble. "I noticed the Kmpemr, generally taii turn, loud in applause, clapping bis hands as Instilv as I tint, and 1 was ass ii red -Ivy M de M. tnat he had never seen his majesty on auv in vasion In'tora show tiu: least sign of commendation. The inventor then said that be would put it un to its fipeed, but to tlo that he must give the machine a start, lie then wheeled round, and, just like a jockey aUrtiag a lioraa, got it up to. its max imum ; as lie passed us he seemed to be liv ing. The circuit was made in fifty seconds. A Ww salvo ot applause met htm at he was sunding, and I mast say I felt some just emotion whan tin Emperor took the legion of Honor-irom hir butfoa bole and placed it ou the young inventor's breast. "M. told me that Its endurance. If t my use the term, was extraordinary t that at in highest speed it would keep on going lor four hours. 1 was led to believe that the mechanical power was secondary in it, and that a galvanic battery was the real motive power. It is rumored that a battery ol con stantly increasing eiemeaU austaina the mo tion. Anyhow the secret is well kept, the Kmpernr having, with the inventor, the only knowledge of it. M. also told me that at Vincenm a battery of artillery was to be moved wit Ii it instead of horses. "I mav add that I saw lour persona mount It, and it moved much more rapidly than would a carriage. An interesting expeii ment was made as to ita capability of going over rough country. Several 1 tads of dirt were shot on the floor, and it passed over it with apparent ea-c. One thing I remarked was that there w as a perpendicular play in the w heels, and that as a difficulty was stir mounted, one wheel would lie higher than the other, w trilsl the liody was on the same plane. "I think th d it has U-en placed purposely in a retired part in tbe el X aii tion, and I learned this morning that the secretary of war has hml it removed from the exhibi tion. "The tut en tor's name is Victor de Nar ih-a " HlilED FRUITS. . Pkacubs. Whether peaches aru pealed or umic, don't wait for the fruit to become perfectly ripe and mellow, beet ise in this case they will dry dark in color, and while a ripe peach is intrinsically lietler tor use than a hard one, yet the demand among the buyers is universally for hriglit eolornl peaches, whether pared or, unpared. And in regard to pared peaches, not only ia bright color essential for ready sale at high est prices, but they should lie cut as fine as a liltlt tun mid fmtienci will allow. Instead of cutting a pared peach iutu halves or quar ters, by cutting it, into ten or jijteen "ir rcm," and taking pains in regard to proper ripeness of the fruit, it will dry quicker, and be made more saleable. To draw a comparison between the pared peaches of Eastern Shore ol Virginia, and Georgia, fin both of whlL-h States, they prepare bright mil fiir cut peaches,) with tbe pared peaches ol North Carolina and Tennessee, from which Sutea the pared peaches gem rally come to market, coarse cut "and dried from pi aches too ripe, it is only necessary to state that for the last two years, Virginia and Georgia pared poaches have brought prices one third higher than lias been realized for North Carolina and Tennessee pared peaches. All thia can be obviated -by care and pains. The rule of color will apply lo unpared peaches as well as to pated, but is reversed entirely iu regard lo cut. Unpared peaches dried in halves, sell much better than when mixed wilh quarters, or when entirely quar ters. The difference in price ranges Irom year to year, an average of fully two centa per pound more lor all halves, than for mixed, or quarters. Care should be taken in drying unpared peaches, to select fine large fruit, aa the demand always runs lor Inryt briffht finite: If dried in kilns on ov ens, don't let them get burned, and in pack ing lor market let them get thoroughly cool and dry before shipping. Don't mix differ ent qualities in the same package, as it is almost always discovered, and tbe sale will lie based i.pou the poorest quality in tbe bar rel or sack. A in. it DitiM) Apim.es. Select good sound truit - not ripe to mellowness. Pare tin iu clean, take the cores entirely out, and rut in as fine slices aa patience and lalair will allow, be very careful in thoroughly drying them of a bright color, and lite dif ference in price obtained over the ordinary rough cut. dark-colored, and not well cored apples, w ill morn than pay lor the lime and trouble of so doing. You can't make a blight culureil till, il apple or peach out of mellow, ripe Iruit, and the bright colon d" fruit will always out sell tlie dark. Dhiku Clininil.8 With the needs nut, can-tnlly dried, without being burned, and packed in their natural state, will always sell well. If mixed with molasses, sugar or any other (oreign s'ihsiaace, it is aiwuj a dis covered, and a large reduction iu price ia the consequence. . Dhiku Pi t vis, or Damsons. (Same as cherries ) Dhiku Rasi-bxrsies (Natural black.) are alwaya in demand, and will bring good prices. Bi.ai KHKiiHiKs Have become a great staple. They should be thoroughly dried (not burned) before packed for market. If packed too soon they breed worms, become mouldy, and eventually worthless, A good many barrels of last season's crop perished entirely by being packed too green, and a number ol these unmerchantable barrels having accidentally been shipped to tar Northwestern markets, the fact o their bad condition lias bad a pn judicial effect on Southern blackberries, which, with great care in drying and packing this year, will overcome. Dhiku KjUDRRiikKRiLS Are not worth sending to market. Qt'iM-Ks and I'Kaiis Nicely prepared by thorough paring, coring and drying, cut as fine as pared peaches ought to he, will bring fair prices. The unbridled insolence of the black pop ulation of New Orleans may be interred front an incidei t that occurred in that city last Sunday. A Initial, terocious-liv.liirvg negro forced his Way lnlo a car and took 4 seat in a white lady's lap. A gentleman next to her knocked the scoundrel down, the ne groes ralliid for a fight, and the car was quickly clean d. The police interferes! and slopped the pnacrdings of the violent Bejroen. The venerable Dr. Strong, of Hartford, presiding nnr ymT in tbe General Associa tion ot Connecticut, called upon a inimsti rial brother aa follows: "Brother Cnlton, of Bolton, will you step thin way and pray Brol her Col Ion roan ui hie feet and rery id etnnlv replied ; Viy ,,j.r brother Strong, you do very wrong to lie making a rhyme al this solemn time." Soxm BkahUs-A Western paper tells ol a German who wears 4teard reaching below iris knees, although be is nearly six teet high, lie is a good deal troubled in walking , be sboiiid step on it. and really docs not know what to do with it Why tlocsUie u it wrap it up in his ears (they mu-1 long enough. The total loss ot the Austrian army in ue war with th 'Pftisaraof was HM 1 officers, and men. or more than one f) fib ..f i, .. ... i put into the field. govern. menu ot P.urone will InatU rAA ,h. i ..;.. i - I j j ---., V. IOII.. 8t-ateareapoaiiMe tor isjuiquliaaai massacre f I 1 v a 'i 9 ' 4 i 1 i I i I i