5
' 4
t
Twenty-five Shillings per? tar.
.. 'jC A It MtAi'
nrSetJ-OU tn, tbe U.
Stats as an addition U the mark for
grxculturlprduEiMS and ti the lift of
; export articles r. . . ,
n.ft l Jnfnrmation COn-
Icerningthefldmory
f is recommended m uiz .-
I States, efpecially m the midland or
I , mrtr remote counties.
where the warn or a near wws
market renders it defirable' to, con.
cert the flax leea into on.
vnalrinrr mi Ar crude Oil. it tliaV DC
rendered 1 i 11 moje valuable, it is
funnoled. bv boilinc it, fo as to be fit
I f :r painters and other ules. Every
" - thin'S' fthicfr increafes th real mar
' ket value of one hundred weight in
oiL beyond the value of one hun
. i dred weight1 of feed, -decreafes the
:. ',s rate per cent, of tranfportation. -It
t';Hsfuggeited,thatlt is poffible, that
'I cottun feed, may yield profit, if ma
t f nufatlared in this way. and the
. i weight of all our cotton 4'eed is not
j lillefs than fifty or Tixty millions of
f' ' J pounds.
: i ihata good ftreatn of water is
required,if much profit isexpeded
. That there are two mod 's of
i" con ft ruling the mill the one to
work with penders, the otner witn
ftones placed 'virtically, like the tan
ners bark ftone. The pounders,
mnv he fcf tin At rhpfmalfefl XDtnce.
becanfe the fame (haft that the wa-
rfpr rliopl tnmt nn mav hv h-ivinp-
it of a proper length, lift the poun.
I ders onour, iixor eight morters, ana ,
tiieie pounders wiii eo tne worK ve
ry effectually, ahd at tie fam time
thefeat (haft will drive the expraC- ,
fiiig pounders. 'This mode is very
ground by ftones';. there rauft be
wheel work introduced"; but where
the expence of the firft outfit is not
an object., this mode ispre'eratle to
pounders. The ftuncs fliould be
high, perhaps five feet, and pretty
broad, perhaps fourteen or fixreen
inches ; and great care lhould be ta
ken in fixing ihe . biifiies-ofuhe- jrpri
axle tree, lo as to preferve the ftbn 3
always perpendicular. This-' tufi
nels if intended to. be profecuted
with fpirit, would .be greatly facili
tated by a pair of caff iron rc.!krs,
to pafs.the fetid throtrgh and crufh
it before it goes under the It ikies.
3. The profit Q.t" an oil rhill is
greateft where, the . eultem of the
r country hath introduced the ufeof
flax feed meal amonglt cattle and
horfes. Towards Lancafter they
hold it in high eftimation.
4. An oil mill ta be carried on id
the greatelt advantage fliould have
fudhaftock, and filch quantity of
iarg;e ceoer tUDS, .as.gjiuia,mble
the proprietor to keep his oil until
thefummer. The feed being gene
rally bought in the la!l, ihofe who
have fmall flocks hurry their oil to
market in the lpring and it moftly
fells low. . .
5. A mill-wright, who is to be
employed, fliould examine fbme of
the oil mills near Philadelphia, or ra
ther m' the neighbourhood of Ger
mantown ; but perhaps' the belt plan
is to be fought for at Bethlehem, m
Pennfylvania. 7
6 Itis of much confequence in
conducting this, .bufmels to have
itrong Bags for the meal to be preff
ed in. Strong white yarn . knit on
- e,areihuch made ufeof in- fome
mills j and a thick leather cafe, like
the cover of a book, mould enclole
the wopkn bag. The bag fhould be
formed like a cap, gradually taper
ing irorn the mourh to the . point.
It is the form of the houfe-wife jelly
bag. . J
7. Much attention mould Te' -paid
to the manner of cuttim; the hole in
the great prefs, fo ai to have the full
1 a. ....
-1
T U-E: $ 1 A
11 wiiii'i 1. 4
beriefiri off the '-drivings wedgslah
not to permit the oil to waft rthf o'
the bottom of the. log A' (hallow
iron pan, like a dripping pan,' plac
ed below. the bags, with a c6nducl'
ing pipe, would be .ru-oper.snd the
fide of the hole fliould have , an iron
plate, hanging with its lower edge
over this plan. .,... , :.
8. Atter all,-the profit-of an oil
mill, which receives its feeds within
reach of Philadelphia market, 'will
be goverped by extraneous 'c4ufes of
foreign demand for feed but thofe '
who purfue this, bufinef3 with; induf
try and attention, make it anfwer
their piirpdfe even, in the neighbor
hood of the fhippefs of feed.-. In in
land places.it 13 4 gteaLbbjeclt thX
United States; andyields a good
profit to the oil maker. r
x Our inland navigation, upon rafts,
arki and uncovered, boats, is be
coming' very confiderable. The
goods are. more expol'ed, in fucH
voyages, than in covered waggons
or decked Vcffels. JU1-goods capa
ble of be:rig put into light calks 'or1
veflels of wood or potter's ware are j
however perfectly fafe : and it is e- !
vident, that the oils of flax feed or
cotton feed, or rape feed, or. hemp
leed, or ot the nuts of Pa'lma Chniti
or Caftor Tree, or of the turpentine,
will not fuff'er or wafte more on a
raft or ark on the Ohio, the Sufque
hannah. the Savannah, bantee or
Hudlqn's liver-than in a covered
waggon or decked boat or veifel.
Our feeds are bought in America,
(hipt to Europe, and there made n:
to oils, while we have thoufands of
mill feats unemployed, which could
perform aUthc labor. JVVery mill
is a labor iVving machine, and is more
vajuajble:!
pther country. K7s hoped,, that : the"
cot'on panterswand the oil millers
in their vicinities, will not poltpone
experiments of making oil from the j
cotton leed. At preient it 1 laid to
be u fed to teed mi'.ch cows, and to
make thetn tat and healthy. We
know that the cake of the. flax feed
( after the oil is pretfed out) is a very
nourifhing food forcattle.
franklin:
Arh arc - Pcnnfylvatiia raft bottomed
louts, or njis of iht Jlze of large la.tUy 41
which fiJet And ends are rtiifed, and tien laden
with icoo bujhcls ef 'grain , or 30 or 40 hi ad
Qjfat cullle'. '
Fram tht BOh l ON GAZETTE;
Mcfl'rs. P'intrrsy . .
,ln anfweriiig the Icrter of i;th
September, 1790, publifhed in the
laft Bolton Gazette, Mr. Adam's
correfpondent appears to have en
tered into lbme -clilcuflion of the
queition, whether the changes then
taking 'place in Europe would even-
a change of ihtpofters and irhpofi-
tmnc r mc an wr nir np hr f
letttrand the rcjply was confidential :
1 - .i ... in "
t was a lacrea truu committed to
the honor and good faith of long
arid intimate f riendfhip. The trult
will not be abufed .'1 hisanitver has
nter been extracted from the re
ceiver's files, by My hand of inrru
five malevolence, to be ufed for ma
lignant or infidious purpofes.
1 here is no neceflity now to publifh
it, as a guard agairdt mifreprefen'ta
tipns injurious to the writer. -
T'hrrp nn rii fit tn nnhlifh it with
out the w,t iter's aftent. The replju.
coTrmiaTui s, who to adopt an. ob
ff rvnrion of f Montelquieu' ' .know
how to excite odium-better rhan
h.(!W to refute, are freely indulged
Vi itli all the ule they can make of it.
Otlober 18, 1790.
Dear Sfr9 ' . '
T AM thankful to oujf common
friend,' as we.l ai to ycu, for your
,.VA'V-"i'k'V 'i-. - ''-
Yt uqitsT 24,
laft hivhMv fear ire iri unifon'
wttfryotif sthat hay- Wood and ttub
Meiwi be the materials of the new
poljrjcal buildings in - Europe, . till
men.fhall be more 'enlightened and
friendly to each other. , :Un. -: .-,
.. , ,You'.' agree, that there are, un
dottbtddly piiheiples of political ar
chiiedure, but initead .ot-particu
larizirfe any of them, you fce'nv-to
jplaleaJLyour hopes in, the univerfal,
01 t ca euerai, prevuience- s 01
knowledge and benevolence. I think
with you that knowledge and bene
Volerpe.ouyht, to be promoted as
iitK&.: ! polKble, but difpairing
ptiicyer fv feeing : them ' fufficiently
tfal'ritbfti.iiriiy.oMo"
etyi 'am.. for- feeking inftitutions
which .; may fupply in fome de
gree1: th fi 'id sfeclIt':hew
igriorj nceVejTor , c or yi;e; there
wofiahipkner 'be ' rjrihcip!es,t hof
fyfteinsofjcitil or political gbvern-mcht.;-1.
am not often fatisfiei with
the opinions piiHume, butJn -this .
he iee'ms well founded, that all pro-
jefts of governments, founded in the
luppofitjon or expectation of a:r ex
iraoidinary degree or virtue, ure e
vidcntly chimerical : ncr do I believe
it pbflible; humanly ipeaking, that
merj mould ever be -greatly unprov
ed ui knowledge or benevolence,
without afliflance from the principles
and fyftem of government.' I am
very willing to agree with you, in
raiicying, mat in tne greatelt im-,
pravemeuts of fociety, government
wilbein the republican fumi. It
is a fixed principle with me, that all
good government is and mult be
t$.ubjiean." But at the fame time,
ycMrHfandor will agree with me,
thpp;jfe";hot in lexicograrjihj a
more fraudulent " word." Whenever
t ule the word republic with appro
bation I mean a government, in
which the people have .coIIecTively,
or by renrcfentation. an eflential'
ihare in the ibvereignty. The re
publican forms of Folan'd anei Ve;
nice, ire much woife,-."and thqfebf
Holland and Bern very little better,
than the pio.narchical form in France
before the late revolution. By the
republican form,-1 know you do not
mean the plan of Milton, . Needhani
or TuTgot lor. after a fair trial of
its mileiies, tbe fimple lnarchical
form vill ever be, as it has. ever been,
pretened to it by mankind. - Are we
not, my friend, in danger of render
ing the word republican unpopular
in this country, by an indifcreer, in
determiriate and equivocal ule of it ?
-The people of England have been
obliged to wean themfel ves from the
ule. 'of it, by making it unpopular
unlalhijnable, becauje they found
it was artlully, ufed by foine, and
fimply onderftocd by others to mean
the goYcrnmint of , their: interreg-
num parriatnent. ihey found they
could not wean themlelves Irom
that deltructive form ot gover nmcnt ,
fo entirely,- as that a miichievous par-
ir. by any other means than by maktihave 'prefer ved it againlt kings
insr the words republic anci repub- i
ncan unpopular, -iney nave luc
ceedecl to luch a degree, that with a
great majority of that, nation, a re
publican is as unamiable as a witch,
a blafphemer, a rebel, or a tyrant.
If in"thifc6untry the wore, repablic
fhould be generally underltood, as
it is by fome, to mean a form of go
vernment" inconfiftent with a mix
ture of three powers, forming a mu
tual balanced we may depend upon
it. that luch miichietfous effects will
liV nroduced bv the ufe of it. as will
compel the people of America to
renounce, detelr and -execrate it,
as the Englilh do. With thefe ex.
planations, reltridions and limita
tions, 1 agree with, you, ln.ypur love
of republican government j but in
no other fenfe. With you lhave
1
Valfo.the;h6nor
uaiuiumcc in your lenumgnis 01 inw ,
huma,mfy,and wifdom .of promoting;
education in k;n6wledgej Virtue and
benvolender y .ButT think that thefe
will confirm "mankind in the opinion '
of the neceflity ot preferying and
ftrengtheninferthe dykes againlt the
ocean, its tideg and itorm. ' Human .
appetites, vpaffions,' prejudices, and -felf-love,
will, never-: be corquered .
by benevolence" and kjnbwlege alone j
in,trcrduced;iby .human means ..The
millenfum xtlelf neither fuppofes- nor
implies it. r. All civil governmemis .
then to ceafeand ..the i Mefliah is to
reign. That happy and holy flare is .
therefore wholly cut of thjs queftion.
.VvreaKein.thefualityLpf,.univerlal
education ; but will all nations agree
in it as ully as we do ? And be at
the exjperkeiHIr know, with n
as much certainty M attends any hu
imlft'1ai6wpdge,t they wiltiot.
We cannot thereiore wtfhTafetrad- '
I vjfe the people to depend for their
iatety, : -liberty and ilecunty upou
hopes and blefllngs which we know
.will not Jail, to their- lor If
we do our duty then - to ihe people;
we' fiiall not deceive them, to depend
upon what is not in their power, and
wilt not relieve them., hi olopheis.
ancient and modern, do not appear
to me to have itudied nature, the
whole of nature, and nothing but
nature." Lyeurguss. principle was "
war and family .pride, Solon's was
what the people would bear, &c. 'I be
beft wiitingof antiquity upon, go
vernment, thofe t meau of 'Aiiitotle,
Zena and- Cicero, are: lolt. ', VVe
have human; nat lire,.- lociety and tni
ver'al hiftc ry to, oblerve-and Itudy,
and Irom thefe we .may draw all the
real principles which ought to be
regarded .' . t UHci pleg liillibTIpw
theiT mailer, and interelted par.tiza?i3
their chieltain, let us like it or not
: .we cannot help it. But if , the
true principles, can "be difcovered.
and fait (y, fully and impartially laid
beiore the people - the more light in
creases, ths. mo,:e the reafon.of them
vvjII be lesn, and the more dilciples
they will have. Prejudice, pailion
an-d'pyivaie-interelt which will al
ways mingle in human , enquiries,-
one would think, might :be eolilted
on the fide .of truth', at; leaft in the
greatelt number, for certainly the
majority are inteiclted in the truth,.
i they cuulet fee to' thc,t nd of all its .
conlequencts. " Kings fave been
dcjpoffd by afpirinp nobles.". True,
ai d never by any ether. "T hefe"
the nobles 1 fuppofe, have .wged
everlafting war Egainft the. common
lights of man." true, when "they
have poll'died of the. lumma imperii .
in "one body, without a check. So
have the plebeians fo have the peo
ple k have kings-lo has human
I
nature, in every inape and combina
-7 , t s I r
tion, and fo it. ever will. Bpt on the.
other hand, the nobles have been
efltntial prtieS in the preiervatidn
oif-liberty,: whenever- and wherever
i Cbj sjw.ii t cd. . In Europe, . they a-
and peoplei wherever it has been
preferved, or at lealt with very little
afliflance from., the people."" One'
hideous delpotifm, as horrid as that
of Turkey, would have been the lot
1 of every nation Of r.urope,' if t he no
bles had net made Hands. By no
bles I mean nbt peculiarly an he
reditary nobility, ot any particular
modification, but the natural and
aftual ariftocracy among -mankind.
The exiltence JOf this' you will not'
denv. You. and I have leen tour
noble families rife up in Bolton.f
i hefe are really a nobility in our
f In the original letter thefe ftur families
are named From delicacy towards the re-
fpeSable individuals belonging to themthenamct
are emitted in the publication, and tirey ere al
together immaterial 'tc tht ai gument of the letter
hi