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THCAKOLINA' MINERVA,
A L E I G IVA DWR T I S E R.
R A L E I G H:-
Published every TUESDAY by HODGE fer BOY LAN, Printers to the State. v
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T l'E S D A Y, August 5, i860.
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The fMMvttigjjdieiatt Obfervatim on the fituatlan of
the contending armies tn Germany mud Italy y are.
Uhnjrom a Lcndm Paper of June -2d, " i
' THE intelligence 'received by goYernment-,on
fttut'day morning aa.l which we gave to pur leaden
in our pjper or that day, exclufively, wast ycfterday
publiftied in a Loudon Gazette Extraordinary, to be
found in our prcceecing columns,
Wc hill nut here undertake to comment on the
?PRT eventa wv.viiiuura ri:.iTe.inTaraiiiinn , tips i I i ,- ., -v-.v- -?v .w. .u ..' -
pofieffion of Switzerland affords for attacking Suabia,
which it flanks, and being able at plcafuie to concen
trate all his foiccs, while his adwerfary could not do
fo, fucceeded in turning the Black Foreft, in, reach
ing the Danube, and in detaching the Auftrians from
the Lake of Conltance. Compelled 11. ill more by lo
cal circumfhiicea than by the fate of engagements, to
retrc.it, general Iray has done for.ffowly and in order,
as far as the Iller. All lh grouod which the French
have gained as far as that river, was .alrnoft the ncccf
K
VCt !
Hamburgh mail. We (hall prefer taking afyftcma-.
' tic vietf of the fitnaTimx of affairs in G?t may 'and. ' Ita
ly, according to thcr.vjl receat intelligence Ljottse
vecla commonly eUpfea TiT every cam;ignjbefore
- the plans of both part irs are developsid. -The moment
is arrived wlKn" thofe formed ' by tHi French and the,
Auftrians. are fully manifcited,-and we cannot fuffcr it
to pais without notice. ' ' "
" 'It cannot be doubted thTf g
he entered upon the campaign, muft. have eftimatcd
much b;tter thin all tlmfe who venture to ctiticife his
conduit, v!n he mie;Ht have to apprehend from the
French army of referee. ''Not willing i wait tor the
r!ofr.t:t in which he would find himfclf preffed m the
nlains of Piedmoi.t, between the two armies of Matte
rs and of Buonaparte, defending, the one tro n the
'ls. 'Jj.1 'rv"r rom the Maritime Alps,
fniK ne
advantage ot the moment when the rormr was
5and ncd to hi own torcc, in ordr to-attsck
hi:n with a1! thofu under his command. The capital
m?.nasavre by which he cut in two the lirmy of MaiTe
na, 11 yet-rcrcat in tli memory" of every one it was
the fame which general Beauiicu attenpttd agdlnil
Buonaparte,-, ou the fame fpot, in i)g6t but he Had
general, D'Argcnteau. General iVitlns, h3viug a
" hron;ct -ar-ny, ti'id. bVf tcf oHicriVrobt
ccTitilw'tc f sj'.'ef?, d'ul purfucd it ati far ;ib if "could be.
carried. After fevorai difHcult- movements, and' a
nuii.ber of murderous : ')g3genicnts,.he io'ced Moflkna
' toflvjt hfrnkif n y) Genoa,. , . This objet hsing ac
cqmplifhcd, the rt u ft nan general had nulliing to do,'
bn.t tf fecure, by well choFen and intrenched pofit'ions,
the htaefcsdc of tfe?,t city. Till that was cione, and
till MiiTena was reduced in Genoa to a ft ate of firge,
the imperial army too.k no rtpole. By that time the
- jinonth of Apul had elaplVd. Dunns this ti r.e Ber
thierTand r.nonapirle, were ofieniil ly preparing- for
the iavafion of t!ie nothof Italy,. andCeneral-Mc!M
. fotifihle tb.'t he fhoul J Iz obliged
btfere the end .of May;to msks head agaireil the co
operation if MoTt-n 1, bat - Sachet yet remained maflcr
ofjl.c r.;o.-,:air3 ,in the countries of Finale aid of
0:!?:'i.;a, fr.'l onld'deicend from them into tiie phis
at t.b? farric-.ir.orcfnt that Bcrihier came thither from
the Upper Alps.; General J'.lchs wifely judged that
lie ouf 'u to ett rid of-vh lirlt before the fecond could
ccme -up-- l ie -i.Lt;efore quitted Genoa, reinforced
general 'Etfni:, ar.d while a corps "detached from Co;
, ni forced the Col ' de Tende; he marched with a fupe
vtor force arraiiR -Suchet. and pained over hi. it the
re-EH vantage
obliged to flop. General ICiayatthough inferior in
number, has taken ins rr.cafure with courage and abili
ty. He has fent all his forces to his two wings nd
has fupported his right by the fl.rong pofition of Ulcn :
his left, l icinforccd by the corps of the prince de Reufs,
lva proceeded to take poft at the foot of the moun
tiins and the defiles of the Tyrol.'' The fpace be
tween thtfc two paQes has Temained opeoj-and tht
Frcnch appeared to have it in their power to pufh in
to U a var ia:A 11 1 1 wf w 3f ej 'ce or who are 1 aU'rm '
cd too eafily at their fuccclfes, lave not for a moment
doubted that Moreau wouM ballon to advance into the
plains between tha Iller and the Lech, but that gene
ral ha been fullyJeitible that he eould not without
danger, at leali atpifent venture thither ; and that if
he did fo, he Would have the two-corp of the Auflri
an army on his flanks, while he would mcet in the ceni
tr? the line of troops which the Eleftor of Bavaria was
Auilria and Bohemia were abou. to reinforce. Tins
fitintion of aila'rs'mull have kept'Motcau in fufpence,
and we fee it has done fo for fevrral days. It is im
p; fliblc for us to f.ty whether it will keep him any
lemjer in that ftate, !ut tea or twelve days were, with
refpect 10 the futuie, every thing: in the prcfent cir-
j cu nitancea, ana general rray nas gaincu tne7n.
ilu3 pointed out what appears. to us-to
1 1
find.inthe Gaeite extraordinary.- Thus, -as early as
the I'l the ult. tEe"l,VeVch'''were' no longer in poiieuron
- pi an inch of ground iji-. the Maritime Alp? ; they cOuld
no .more 'threaten Piedmont The rear of general Me
la r, -was fccord, and he had no 'enemy, remaining in
faiy excepting H-iifena, (liut up by ftsoerior fojees In
' 1 he lints of Gentwr-and-whdliy incapable ol alfordirg,
:r bV-T.T riTilrecl by any co-operation. All this hap-
. pened five day , before the firff French Fiqnets'hsd pafl'
'cd the St. 'Bernard, and moreri.d doubt than ten be-,
-ifTsJa.CuciepimiDber f troops, and .quantity of ar
tillery and cavalry could have td vaiic ciifofft the Val-
Icy of Aot1a--sind undertaken." any' -""thingtrious. Gc
: neralKltlaB ft ?r-rAia'(f aa miirb timt as he-want-
t, . to march with all the! forco, henceforth -at his
'difpofftions, to the Po, and to go to neefthe army of
rrferv'eK whiclv wc may be aftured.' is far from-being as
" r.umerous'aF:t
:' make us believe. Thus we fee that in a few days ge-
nera'l Mel::s has bv addrefs -and by the valor of , his?
.'trovps, drawn himfelf fron ,thc embarraCfiocnt in w'nich
hi was f'jnnoW, to be. that the miiitarv KoVrzbn faa
l . . - r- - J - ,
have been" hitherto the fvftem of tlje two plans.of of
ftjTuVO'fta'-k ;Vfwe
the whole of the campaign, we fe that the French had
this year, as in 1799, foimed a general plan, ia which
the at my of Morcau was the left, the army of Refcrvc
the ceftr.e, and iK army p.f Maff the lUht Wing,
''this latter wa3 to remain on the ccfenlive, to enoea
voui to palfcy the Auftrian army ia the mountains of
the ILiratime Alps, The left was, duting the fame
time, to rrdvancc i.ir Germany, aud to endeavour, by
taking polfvffion of the Tyrol, -to cut off the commu
tiica;ion bciwtjcri Generals Kray and Melas. Buona
parte was then ,to come intathe centre, to overwlndm
tUt latter, and to r etake Italy. a J"ccond tinw. This
vafl plan 'hr.j failed where it was natural to,fppofe it
wjirl l.. in i s weak Doiat. Oi.e of the three parts of
the French army is no longer in exiftence, or at leaft
ha j l;fl thfc pofuibrt is whieh it would be ufful. The
line of tlu French ,is therefore broken, and their cen
tre '-an'd le'u. will feci the Tcverfe.,' - We fhail terminate
thefe obfervatinhs by remarking, that on confidering
all the forces eppofed to each orher, 'rom the Dan
ube to the Mediterrauean, as a fmgle line, the left has
on each flic obtained fu'ecefs ; but bt fides tholeof Mo-
reiu being far from poiTeffing fuch importance as thofe
of Melai, the fir ft is marching agaihft " the centre,
.Jgf.
Moreau is attacking the ftrongefl part of the Jine of
the Iiiiberiuliilc, Mdis the weakclt part vi that of the
Frcncn
. -. .-been cleared, .3 ft d flvFtit now "picfcri'ts b'uTw n arrr'ies
- -;n 0 ppo.fi tio-a -ic;'each otlur ; uchet and MafTcna are
004)1 kept (hT the other .lide of the Maritime .Alps and
- canr.ot; sgain appear upon the feene-V.; ilhauid.be
'. iacUiVcd' to anticipated future e'vente by our conjecfures,
if we. were not fearfnlif wnfting the time of our rea
ders, and had not tlfo feme obttrvatloiiSs to make re
fpefting .QermanyJ In .that quarter ..alto we have feep
.' the alTaiiants fnceefsful to a certain degt.ee. . Moreau,
;e which the
.". ... . GENOA. ' . Ty.
The city ar.d (lata of Genoa, in Italy, being at pre
fent the fubjeci of coaverfation, on account of the
militatv operations carrying forward there.; we are
h'.ppy in being-able to lay before t)ur readers, the
following Hiitoi ical Account of the fame, together
" with ihat of the Botchetta aaa oavona.
Genoa Is a republican ftate of Italy; bounded on
the-north bv Piedmont, the Milanefe and the Parme-
fan, on the eall by the ftatcs pTthe Duke of Tulcany,
on the fouth of the Mediterranean fca, and on the weft
by (he county of Nice ; it is. about one hundred and
tweiit v-Hhiies in length, but fcarcely in any part more
than twenty in breadth. The country is mountainous,
and part of it covered with, barren rocks, which ferve
foi iti defence, bbme of the mountains are covered
witlTAVood, andfome yield good patture. There Is
but a fmall quantity of arable land, fo that the inha
bitants arebbljged to puiqhafc part of their corn from
Other countries ; kowevei -2 throughout thc year they
arc fupplied wiih excellent legumfes and other vege
tables for the table. They make .a confiderable quan-'
tity of winei and abundance of excellent" fruit j efpeci
ally citrd.is, oranges, pomegranates, almonds, and figs.'
A great many mulberry trees ae raifed to. feed Glk
Worms, and olives grow iav great pleoty7"efpc'ciallj
round tbe gulph of Sptzzia. Salt is mod need fuffi.
cicnt for exportation The inhabitants are -Roman
catholics, and fabmit to the tribunal of the inquifi-
tion. lhe Froteftants, who dwell in the town1, are
not beloved, but are fuffered by the magift rates to
dwell in peace. The manufaaures are not fo flourifh
mg as they formerly were : the moft confiderable are
velvet, plufh, damafk, different kfnds of filk, gold and
iilvcr fluffs, lace, gloV'lV ftockings, ribbons, foap,
P4Pet,tI?iMte,,the,.Jn
eedttccj' ' Iwe'ai'ptlft'aif for ''"
tne artuics tney rnanufaftute ; and the fnfecurity of
their ports eontiibute-greatly to enfeeble their com
merce. ' The banking bufinefs of Genoa is ;.very con
fiderable, and the bankers are eftecmcd the ritheft t'a
Europe. . - ',
The c:ty of Genoa was formerly ?tic capital of Li-
guna. it .was dcltroyed by the Carthagenuns, and.
rebuilt by the Romans, whofe ally it became, and '
wnoie tortune it roliowed.
In the-Uft century, " ilie intefline diffentions about
the form of government fo debilitated the Hater that
the Genocfe were obliged to put tlumfelves fometiiuca
under the proteftion of the duke of Milan, and fame- "
times under the king of France, Vut the lattci treating
.1. -'.1. lM. .1 I t. 1 1 . f . .
mem wnu unuicrauic nauffnrineia and no-nnr. 1 hrv
ftruggled hard, but unfuccefsfully for liberty, till that
naval hero, Andrew Doris: in 1 i28,refcued h rVcoun-
try out. of the hands of its tyrannical mailer, fettled
"JS? fc'te"m i
tutionnfi it wis cracTIyooBaBeTbYW'
French, and to fave itfelf from total dell rul ion, was
obl'gcdto fubmit to very hard terms ; two of which
were, that-the Doge and four Councillors fhould ap
pear in perfon at Verfallles, and sflc pardon : and
that the ftate fhould difarm all gallics except, fix,
wuti a promite not ro tit outTmoifiLJVithout confent
twenty eight families, and are thofe whom Andrew
Dona, m 1528, fepsrated from all the reft, and decla
red only capable of holding the chi.V offices, and dig-
nuy or jjoge ; ail tne other inhabitants of Genoa be
ing reduced .by him to the clafs of comn.oners Sine
that timc ip has ben FurmJ ntciTrj- to create other
nobility, who. are allowed to keep mannfaclures of
velyet, filk, and cloth, to form the duties, and to
have fhares in merchant vcfTeV; but all other handi
crafts arc forbidden. The form of government is a
rift ocr at ic. The Chief is called Doge, or Duke, to
which dignity no pcrfi n is promoted till he is fifty
yeirVof age, andhasfor fifteen years left off all trade
or occupation not confident with nobility. Every two'
yearsa ew Doge is chofenv and the foraier is incapa
citated'during five years, to'hold again the fame poll ;
however he lias a procurator's office a fligned him, and
a penfion of jjoo fcudi for lffc.' ; '
Tn times of peace, the Republic. .Hfuslly kecpg'rn '"
foot a body of 5000 regular troops. Bcfidcs thefe, it
has alfo a militia, which in cafe of ccceffity is oblig
ed to take the fidd. The cavalry, in time of war, a
mouHts only to about 6oo, who are of little ferviee,
by reafon of the badnefs of horfes. The fleet of the
Republics anciently fo celebrated for its viflories over
the" Saracens, Pifanefe. Vehicians. Soaniardi.- and
TrTtrtretlWier-Aft
fcco.nj u on the molt remote frontiers of Ftance. of bardrnia, Malta, Majorca,
Majorca,Minorca, Csndia," Cy- .
prus, and many other places in and near the Mediter
ranean and Archipelago, and eren the Black fea, the
Crimea, and other places, is now reduced to fix gai
lies. The-City is about ten miles in circumference,
and defended towards the land by a double wall. Se
veral baft ions are erected along the fea fhore, on rocks
which tife above the water. The ftreets are narrow ;
buttlean and wtjl paved ; two are;. filled with magni
ficent palaces fronted with marble. It is a fee of aa
Archbifhop.' Tke cathedral is built in the gothic ft ile.
and payed wkh black and in the treafiiry
of which is preferved a curiotff''KexagoirTm'7iaT5 to
be a tingle emerald, found at Cefarca in the time of
the Crufades, which tleGenoefe receTvcd a3 their "fhare
of the plunder. Befidtrs the Cathedral,, it contains
thirty-two pari many of which are mag
nincent andladojaedmikziculpturei and piures by
the bell mafters. r The DogeVpalaee is -large, wifh-Z'
out decoration, except-twolatues of John Andrews
Doria, and Andrew Doria, larger than life, at the en .
trance. , Xbe arfenat contains arms for 34,000 men,
machines, models for bridges, the armour woin by a
number of Genoefc women in the crufade, a. fhield
containing 120 piftols, made by Julius Cssfar Vacchc,
for the purpofe of affaffinating the Doge and fenate at
one timei &c. They reckon at Genoa, 69 conventi
of men and women, and the number of inhabitants Is
cllimated at 150,0)00. ' :"v? " ' .. r - 1
" ' . THE BOTCH ETTA,
Othcrwifc, aehain of Mouatainspiltuate" U the.
a
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