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VOLUME II.
NEWBERN, N. C. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, IS 19.
NUMBER 76.
AMOL
... : - ' ( - - : .
j .TKUMS.
yif. CAROLINA CENTIXEL IS PUBLISHED
WEEKLY BY
JO IV I. PASTEUR,
At T ii'tK olla is per annum, owe
ffr payable in advance. ,
To oioer will he discontinued untihall
arr mi- tes are paid up, except 'at the op-
i of tli? publisher.
Vrr .?irisai!?.TS msenea at cents
per s j nre the Urst weeJt, and 25 cents a
C.i 'nre for each succeeding insertion.
FRO?.l THE SAVANNAH GEORGIAN.
Jprom our acqanintance with the
vi iter of thr. following remirks,
ct .d his opportunities of obtaining
information on the subject of
which he treats, we have no doubt
ol his correctness. - .
!M-:SCl?IPTOV of east-
FLOKr D At
IXS CLIM TE, SOU, PRODUCTIONS, RIVERS,
bars, bays, Arc. &c. I
K ist-Fionda is a perfect 'penimuv
I, extending from north to the" south,
layout a hundred. and twenty leagues,
ip.:n the ry er St. Mar which, in
about 3') d. gr:-es, of north latitude,
. f'parates it from the American state
of (icorgia, to the point of Tancjia
crop; Sabley lvi.)g in rtbout 26 d.
r );h ititude,, beyond which, at the
."entrance" of the new channel of Ba
li una, are situated the Martyrs and
K vs ; its greatest breadth from
east to wtst, is about eighty leagues,
audits lea?t, towards the cape, is
J ty being washed oh the east by
t ie Ari.inrir; and mi 1 Vi "inn -1 nf R i.
him ., ad on the west by the gulf of
f, T 1 -V ' .
! hin Province contains about six
tvsiv millions acres, from which,
(1 -I ctin-an eighth par't'for the ma-
w Hver SpacirlUs lakes, and exten.
f,i f naora?s s.
it is comoutd that !
i is .capable, widi iime, care, and ln
d i;ry, io ?naintaiti conveniently n
million of souls, 7j ' -
h is so happily situated between
, t h - said. seas, that it enjoys a contin-
ii ventilation which milig ates ' the
Ik- it f summer, .and it experiences
r e,.-. ;r0 ; a..
JT ,eof cold, -and from time to time,
l'ot, towards the 28h degree,
which are -o conducive to' health &
v ,r, and which cause this country
v. v justly (pirticuLirlv the neigh-j
t :'!v) I of St, Augustine,) to be !
c.,,i.!rred the most salubrious of
fu continent: so much so. that
colony, it was much
yed to from the VVest-Indies &
X-nh- America, as a specific for the
v a r. .L-Bntish
5; fimiti. s rt suiting from the intense point of utility, amenity, or copious
ly v.t of the one, and the excessive ness of its waters. Its source, .tho'
c ml of the other. H
A country so much boasted of
cannot but contain a great variety, of
l'v tl'slance of about ten - leagues
ftnny the coast, where it begins to
1 consistence, and gradually un-'!,t-
In digging, four distinct
C ' lni 's of soil are comm o nly foil in d
'"Vrurnrst is a light laver of rich
nt'h, whirh is immediately follow
ed hv another of sand, of about a
v d deep, under which is one: ot
. vhiti h day, about. four feetthick,
Cd lor manuring light lands j'. and
the fourth is a straium
of white
s not- or concretion of sea shells,
vhich hardens when exposed to the
rl-, and is the sime with that of
't v huh the tom and fort of St. Au
- S wine are built. ; . :'
j'l'iuc c i v until. ' t-
Ml along die coast, and particu-
l nlv a distance ol seven -eagus
f mpo the sea, there is a considera-
omntUv of Inw nnW lands, viel-
tr a wtnf ras. which is very
j . - - -
-ol for blak ; cattle and horses.
il he borders of the rivers, and gen
erally the wh de couutrv, "are inter-
rst-d with lands that are at all
$ as ins in re nv less overflowed,
'aie oi them are twro leagues l ng
i o'ie widv-. ard their bottom is. so
f :n nd solid, that, th ru:h th.e
de.di ,sf wtitrr varies, they m- he
vs d in any direction :7ub ,nlt
"t1,,- -m W risk ordanr. frees
rf rvery crin or ."arrive to the
fc-eatest perfection in tese places,
' e -i. ep?rience - has de'mon-tr sttd
v vK-.n cleaned and .drained thy
'-O-t1
d't-
the
rvi'mVV.-'
:c, indigo, uud ouiw
. t
I In describing the. eaUern coast ol
thi3 peninsula, we will beein to the
northward, with the ri ver'and har-
i,bor ot St. MarvJs, situated in 30 d.
47m. north lat. whose emboucKure,
between the Spanish Island Amelia,
and the American Island Cumber
land; is about a mile wide, there are
3 fathoms of water on its bar at low
water, .and four at full tide ; its har
bor, situated on the Sp;u ish side, is
the best to be met with from the
gulf of M exico to the capes of Vir
ginia, and consequently, with the
aid of an inteiior communication v
water with Nassau, and St. John's
rivers, the most proper tt cause the
Commerce of the province to flour
ish, and sh Iter vessels in distress
passing to and from the West Indies"
and North-America.
J he Island of. Amelia, is fie
leagues long from north to south, &
one wide ; and its soil, particularly
to the southward, is very fertile.
St. Mary's river is navigable for
vessels about twenty, leagues up, to
the ferry, where the principal road
of the province passes into Georgia :
the centre of the rivrr is the line tha-:
divides the two countries, and its
navigation of course is free to both.
The borders of said riv,er, and the
Island of Amelia, produce live oak
and cedar, and their soil is in gener
al, as good as any in the northern
part of the province.
Five le-igues to the southward of
Sr. M irv's harbor, are the bar and
river of Nasau ; there are eight or
nine feet water on the bar, at low
j water, and at high water, six or sev-
iT , ' 15 SUuated
; betwteen P11, of Amelia, and'
a"othf Ci5a loot ; the. river,
:iWough-:payigahle,- only extends a-
Ul,m, c l u 1, Huc . ks,
particularly towards its source, are
feftil.. covered with tali pines, and
various excellent sorts of timber.
In following the coast another,
league Hnd'a half,', which composes
the extent1 of Talbot Island, ivou
meet with another bar, which sepa-
ics uic unci i uiu num :awmier.
caIle(l bU ("e both of which
ontain Pn table land,; this lt
l5 cessibleto small boats only,
,! he l !!aaJu of Si. George runs, a
tothe;Southward, where ,t
ie northern extremity of St.
Jin s r, the southern one being
'V ;
St J dan's is the principal river of
the nrovince'., and does not cede to
any other in . North America, in
not yet ascertained with any degree
of precision, is not, it lslpresumed.
far distant trbm Cape Honda. Ihe
truth is, that independent of the tra
ditional report, current among the
Indians, of the possibility of passing
in a canoe, by that river fnm the
Atlantic to the Uult ot niviexico,
modern maps lay down smaller ones
to.vaids the great lake called INI aya-
eo, where two rivers taker their
source, called,: according to tlte. said
maps,' the one St. Mary's and 1 the
other Delaware, which empty: them
selves into the Oult to the eastward
of Cape liomain, in the bay of Juan
Ponze de Leon. There is common
ly nine or ten-feet water on the bar,
and the high water trom' fourteen to
fifteen. The (breadth of the river
, not exceedir; a
i ' i T ' i.
less than a mile, as far as ak.e
George,which is about seven 'teagjUes
long and one wide. Its current is
vanes
sn rlacid that vessels mecVwitrrnp
difficviltv whatever ,nWefidihgi and
its navigation i lanimpeded for the
V st a n c e-o f s e v .r'ri t v 1 e a g u e s , c o m pri s -
ing Lake Gprge ; for all ; vessels
whpse" dyaft rrnits them tQ get'o
y l Its. u rders, covered
in. all ttejy extent, with an i admira
ble arietv of trees, present a uiver
Vtv of soil that betters as you as
cend, ard already very excellefit at
the distance of twenty-five leagues
trm its emoui hure. . 1 hese lands
are very fertile, ion Recount of the
freat r umbr of streams arid si urces
In whi' h they ar watered ; some
of whKh are of mineral imddistmu
. - '
rp dies. imdi avm' again tormiug
j'fcaL vigablc ior bouis aiidfluts.
There is an inland passage between
and Talbot islands and the
continent, which communicate's with
Nausau river, and passing between
Amelia and the Main, falls into St.
Mary's harbor, so that bv means of
this passage, all the produce of the
C- r UV. .!". I t ..
jv may uc irauspurieu in per-
feet security to the harbor of St.. Ma-
ry's-
This river was from the beginning
iiic pt nitipai aim oi ine uruisn set-
tlers Who werechitflv people oftlis-
uuiuon ana merit, ana mey gamea mcir sunesings. inus victims lo a
enormously by their establishments ; Nero, who from avarice became
but"at this epoch, there is hardly a blind to his own interest, their p;i:n
trace left of their industry and enter- itive number was, in a few years, re
prize.! , t : duced to about five hundred. At
Frfm St, Tohns' bar to that of St. length, however, their groans reach-
Augustine, distance twelve leagues,
it is a continued hard beach, and in i
appearance the same with the rest of
the coast. Between this beach cn
the noi th, and the island of St. An
astasia on the south, is situated the
bar of St Augustine, which is very
dangerous, and in no manner to be
attejnpted by vessels drawing more
than eight feet water, its depth be
ing'only six feet at low and about
twelve feet at high ' water : add to
this the disagreeable circumstance
that it isialways shifting,, and that
j experience has demonstrated that its
; waters are p ogressively diminish
ing, so that in time it will close, and
become entirely impracticable, if no
effort is made to kelep it openv To
remove this evil, the hest expedient
would be the execution of the pro
ject of uniting Pablo Creek, situate
on the south bank of the St. John's,
2 leagues from the j bar, with North
river or St. Marks. 1 his last river
runs inland.from the town of St. Au
gustine, seven leagues towaids Pab
lo creek, the distance 'to. cut does
not exceed seven miles, and' the
ground between them is so low that
in he ivy fails of rain, & high spring
tides, their waters meet.
The English adopted the same
plan, and ivere oh the eve of execu
ting it when the war bioke out.
The construction of such a canal
would, doubtless be attended with a
good effect, as it would conduct a
great body of water against the bar
of St. Augustine whii h would effi
caciously contribute to clear it. St.
Augustine, whose commerce cannot
materially improve on account of the
bar, would be greatly benefited by
this canal, as 'a free intercourse
would be opened with the St. John's,
Nausau and St. Mary s harbors.
The land "round St. Augustine,
though from appearance. the poor
est in the country, produces good"
vegetables, also ?sweet and bitter or
anges in great abhandnnee. . t,
Tlie island of St. Anastasia, ex
tends six leagues southward, its
northern extremity - covering the.
town Of St. Augustine, and formln
the bay. Its greatest breadtAi is
something more than a leag'e aau
its least somewhat less thr, a half.
It contains valuable stone claries,
such as beforeaiescrVbd. and its soil
though not very iVrtjle, is excellent
tor stock, and' is susceptible of
provemenv. jt js separated irpui
the cont inent by Matan2as river,
which ia about a mile wide, and ter
miriats at the southern extremity
f ;Vue island in a bar of the same
ftt'.me . with the riyer, over which
may pass ;
opposite ine town, on tne ourincrn
mpst extremity of the island, nearly,
there is an od tcwer, . from which
they signaa rxiV vessels' in sight of the
coast, th'ir'hearihcs and the course
thev sieer ;" within the barof Ma-
tanzas there.is a srnall .tort, situatea
an a small island or shell bank, wnicn
it is impossible to siirprise. : ; .
From- Matanzas fort. to Mosquito
river is about; thirteen! leagues ; the
neighborhood of this river, particu
larly New-Smyrna, was the south
ernmost -district established by the
Hritifth. hpvond which -they never
ciiltivatrd, bringing from Europe for ;
that purpose about tilteen nunureu
Minorcans, Italians and Greeks, of
1 nil aires and ' sexes,
Those untortu-
: . - 11 1 1 Anl
le were con
na n uuu u .
c .jrtexi nya na -wr -i ,
bc
ouhan, must huve bscl luwrace spoawacu iuw k
ed in Turkey, and he treated them
with still greater i cruelty than the
Turks do their slaves. Ta ks im-
possible tor humaif exertion to per-:
form, were assigned to them, and
every fault was chastised with a com-
plement of inexorable rigor. , d o
.u: l U. ..u. i .1 - . i - ' r ; i
nus uidy uc auuea mat tneir loou
was insufficient for their sustenance,
and that they were "considered in
common with creatures boin de-
urpcuucui, aim oungea to serve
without any prospect of a term "to
ed the British government, fthty
were declared free in the year lfTf,
and are the same who form at this
day the principal nart of the ii.hab-
Hants of the city.-They are a sober.
actire and industrious .people, and
offer well founded hopes of .becom
ing a useful branch of population, j
Mosquito bar is much better than
that of St. Augustine. Xw riv
ers meet immediately inside, both
navigable for good sized vessels, the;
one seventy leagues southward,
where it terminates in a lake, aDd
the other eight league's towaids St.!
Augustine.
From Mosquito to Cape G arn av
er al is twelve leagues ; thiscoast is
dangerous for manners, and mak?s
a very considerable hehd on this side
of the cape. This is the common
track of small vessels bound irom
St. Augustine to Hayanna, and hyv.
ing made the cape, they steer along
the coast the distance of seventy
leagues for Vizcaino Key, thence
sailing through innumerable low is-'
lets and keys, besides those proper
ly called the Martyrs, they finally
fall into the Gulf of Mexico. j
The interior of the j Peninsula,
from cape Carnaveral to; the point of
Tancha, or Cape Sable,! and from
that to the bay of Apalach, is little
or not at all known, onlyjthat both
the eastern and western coasts are
niov wi inrtwj mvuj, j
and inlets, and well covered with ev- ;
ery description of oak, laurel, vine, j
&c. -There is also., many (bays arid j
harbors m the Gulf of Mexico, such
as the bays or harbors of Juan Vav.-
ze de Leon and Charlotta, also tht ,
ptrt of I amper or bay of Esp.rro !
Santo, which the British mtenfW to I
wi.iw.. 4,y irer
quented by fishermen from t'r4e island
of Cuba. , -
To the foregoing description it is
necessary to add that liast' Florida
produces, or s capable of producing,
all sorts q fnlit cclnamon to the op
posue regions of the north St south,
arid even wheat grows luxuriantly
between the river Su Johnand the
Apalache.
To iridividualize the different
productions of the province proper
to establish a source of commerce,
and consequently to enrich an in
dustrious population, would be
forming a work of labor and magni
tude, it will theretore suthce to enu
merate some, such as all forts of
timber, whether for construction,
building, or furniture ; pines of eve
ry description, red and wnite ceaar, ,
hogany, hickory, , oaks of all kinds,
oars, bay staves, &c. it also pmdu-1
ces a shrub from which is extracted
"M"v""'i i .....
" '. . . . , .f .11 I.. I
a substance that may be converted
into sucar ; likewise various k :nds
of fruit trees, such as white, 'olack,
and brown mulberry, lime, lemon,
fig, peach, Vherrvl with swett, bitter
sweet and sour oranges.
Among an infinite Variety .f
plants, is distinguished a sort of
myrtle, which wh cn poundecland
steeped in water, produces a sub
stance of a most lively green, and is
from its consistence, good for can
dles in a warm country; this with
industry might constitute a u etui
branch of Commerce. Bees-wa x &
h iney, with some application, might
also be made in equal abundance
Sassafras, s.enna, sarsap?rilla, chi-
- i na rot, and various other .sorts ofj
, L . m,dkinal
erbs
; - .a.,. rtr .u
soil, and also barilla in a much cf eat-
er abundance than in anv nthrr
ccuntr whatever.
There is a 'plant known by the
name of pri. k pear, which vitlds
an incitdiBle oifantiivf rnrhinJ!
I he; most sterile and sandv nana
r H - . . - . . . J "
oi the nrovince ' at wdl nn' mt-ri
the culture of black-seed cohon. '
Indigo grows wild all over, the
country, the British cultivated it
with success, and its quality was s -penor
Vo any pioduced in Scuth
C irolina. .
The great abundance of the mul
berry tree, and the mildness of the
climate, insure a gWat facility in the
cultivation" of the silk worm.
. J he B itish aufmpted ro muke,
sugar in the neighboidaiod of Aios
qui o, and no doubt can be enter
tained but they w- ult! havVsuocetd
ed in that southern section where
the frost has little or n t fleet.
Rice would also constitute a c p
itRl branch of commerce, lor xp i
ence has proved that this article b'-
diiced in Florida, is buit-r than ihat
ol South Carolina-j and it is t vidHit
that the borders of the St. J hu a
lone, in proportion to the water they
corrmand, wrulu yield in a mil h
gfeater abundanct t', than, 'the same
complement would do in South Car,
olina. , - " -
In qllthe rivers, bavs, creeks, and
along the coast therr is an incredi-'
ble quantity of fish of every descrhjw
tidn, of superior dehcac'. f tase ;
also turtles, green oystersr, and
every variety of the ; testaceous fih;
SURPRISING ACCIDFXT.
Having seen a piece in your.pai.
per concerning a wonderful bridge
ia the western disirict over the en
s?ee river, put; me in mfod of a tir
prisirig accident which h ppeneut:
that place nodtant since to a persfV
who waemployed in building sid
bridge. -
A person in attempting to driv- a
wooden pin with a sledge ud nu
n ate In fell 30 feet., then st'U k u)Oii.
a poiMt of crourid uhisii nrr-.i.-,i.
over mtj riyer. r rom tht cte ' h
took a different directionaud ",Mi,
47 feet, str k on some riinln rs : f,,c
they not having the eff-ctko stop him,
"he continued his course b bet iur.
ther, where he stru, k bis be d .uhL
uppcr nf his body hi water, aV.'d
his feet! upon :he land ; but not re
ceivinglany dnjury ext. pt the d slo-
cation Ot his should r, as soon at he
stru; k, he sprang up and exclaimed,.
i am net dead yet I
! , llutlind Herald.
ORDIVATIONV
The Rev. Thomas Shi
k-tmrd. Was
ordained to the work of t'ne ministry
in Ashfield, M as. on the 1 6 h of
June. Air. Port" r, senior pastor of
the Church, is; in his bund red th year.
He wus able-, to a Scrnd" thV p tlpit
without assistance, U his hand on
the htrad ot his y oungcollewgut in.
the consecrating prayer, and attend
to all the. exevcise. In hii churgt?
he was audible, distinct, and appro. '
priate ; thf au-dience preserver pro
found silvnee, and were dcepiv
fected by the dying address of this
very .ged servant of Chisti Per-
haps a similar occurrence Avas m-v-
',i u-'vic wiiucsseu m Axew-Cjisii
1 . ' , . iO
and never will be again.
1 Of Priori behavior in the l
rhter
part of life, h is too late t ; gt
much intelligence. During his m-
) v . he. sat at the Oper3 bv a man,
.who in his rapture, ac com pin iecl
with hi own voice : the prin ipal
singer. Prior fell to railing nt the:
pe former with all the termn of. e
p roach that he could coUect,1tiU the
man, ce?sing fnm his S ing, 1e'g ir
to expostulate" with him fov, his hr h
censurefVmarivho ' was confes -edlv
the ornamc-nt nt th tn - r
know all h at," a ys:iKf? ambassador,
4 - w - V
but he sings so loud, that I cannot
n-"i you. !
. 'For Sale,
LIKELY NFCRO.
Child F.riouire of the 1 iiutr.
Ait?. 23. 3w7i . - . '
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