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' A -1 VOLUME II . NEW BERN, N. C. SATURDAY, JANUARY 29, 1820. NUMBER 97. TERMS. f the Carolina CENTINEL is published WEEKLY BY JOHN I. PASTEUR, ' At Three Dollars per annum, one third payable in advance. No paper will be discontinued until all arrearages are paid up, except at the op tion of Jhepublisher. Advertisements inserted at 50 cents per square the first .week, and 25 cents a square for each succeeding Insertion. C ON G II ESS. EXPEDITION TO THE YELLOW STONE. Report of the Committee on Military Affairs, in relation to the expenditures which have been, and are likely to be in curred, in fitting out and prosecuting the expedition to the Yellow Stone river, and other objects connected with the said ex pedition; together with, a statement of the distribution of the arnly of the Uni ted States, itsotal strength of garrisons, &c. &c. ' :' ' . HOUSE Ot REPRESENTATIVES.- January 3, 1820. The Committee on Military Affairs have, according to order, inquired into ' the expenditures which have been made, & are likely to be incurred' n utting out & prosecuting the expedition ordered to the mouth of the Yellow Stone river, on the Missouri, and concerning the objects in tended to be accomplished by the expe dition. The movement of the troops, made arid intended to be made, and the incurred and estimated expense, appear bv the letter. of the Quarter-Master Gen eral to the Secretary of War (marked A.) and the statements numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4; the objects of the expedition are fully explained by the letter of the Secretary of W ar to the Chairman of the Military Committee, (marked t.) 1 he com nit- tee have also obtained a statement of, the distribution of the army-of the U. States, its total strength, and the strength of the garrisons and posts, (marked C.) All which is respecfully submitted. Letter from the Quarter-Master General to the Secretary of ' War. Quarter Master General's Office, December 28, 1819. Sir: In obedience to your order, re ' quiring a statement of the expense incur red by the movements on the Missouri, and an estimate of the sums which will be- required for the ensuing three years, I have the honor to report, that several of the accounts connected with those move ments have not been received, particular ) ly that of Colonel James Johnston, who was employed as a transporter ,pf troops, J provisions, aud stores. But, on the most ."liberal estimate, I ani convinced that the. .:' whoU expense of the movement for the f present year, including all the supplies I jfiifnished by the Quarter-Master's De 1 pirtment, cannot exceed one hundred and sixty-three thousand dollars. From that sum should be deducted the expense whjcb would have accrued had the troops remained at their former stations, as well as the! entire value of the barges, batteaux, and other means of transportation (the property of the government) attached to the expedition ; and the remainder will be the amount of expense actually incurred. - -As the establishments on the Mississippi are included in the plan of defence for ,the western frontier, it is thought . that a statement of the movements made, of the works established, and of the expense in" curred, might not be unsatisfactory. I By a referrence to the accompanying j statements it will be seen that the ex- penses of the establishments, both on the j Missouri and the Mississippi, will dirain i ish every year. Those statements are j predicated upon arrangements already j inade for the supply of a part of the pro ; visions, all the forage, fuel, and quarters, and, after the next year, the greater part ! of the transportation, by the troops, and at tlimnS expense to the public, i No. 1. shows the movements and the works established by the troops on both rivers. No. 2. is a statement of the expense m mrred by the movement on the Missouri, and an estimate of the probable expense lor the ensuing three years. You will perceive that the two regiments have cost sity-four thousand two hundred and twenty-six dollars more than they would have cost had they remained at their original stations. With that additional expense one of the regiments has been moved nearly "three thousand miles; barracks have been erected for a thousand men, and an important work has been estab lished, which will enable us to hold in : check five powerful and warlike nations of Indians, No. 3. is a statement ofi-th ptnpncp lncurred in making the establishment on the Mississippi with an estimate of the a- mount required fof the next three years. The troops on that river have cost less than they would have cst at their' for mer stations, in consequence of their hav ing provided boats, fuel, quarters, &c. without expense to the government: The . , , A . greater part of the transportation on the Mississippi will be done, in future by the troops, by which a considerable sum will be saved. , No. 4. is a statement of the works on which it is proposed that the troops beats 5 tm? work may be accomplished by employed. It is believed that those works 'tae troops on the Missouri in the course may be accomplished in less .than three of three winters. ; 1. 1 years ; they will he important inany plan I To open a road from (Jlhariton, in the of defence, particularly the.roads, and the Missouri Territory, to the Council Bluffs, a ve venue formed by the Fox & Ouiscon- l amJ thence to the Mandan villages. sin. rivers, which will be necessary to af- iuiu u communication oetween thefeseve- ral frontier posts, and between those posts and our settlements - Ih ave the. honor to be Sir, your obe dient servant, ? ; N '-THOMAS JESUP, Quarter-Master General. The Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Secretary of War. ' 3 O: j n j in si j9, a 1 ET it o o o o r '3 3 3 3 3 " ' - 3- 2. 2- 2. t o o in Q O C O. & 2 o , h re re m ' W e . Si sa a s 3 "-i 3 M 2: a B - .s n X 3 C q re 2s o 3 g CO 3 3 Hjp 2- 3 Et re re a o 5. Tl E. S2- , 2-. 2- c 55 n ' re 3 re ct re - O 3" 3 re 33 re o , o re re q . (T) t- t3 P"X3 -5 s : to : P 6 re I? 5 CO re o S c re i S tn - 2- S.' r tbJrt r?- SS v- a t ' c5 yi O ' T o- 5 P-., i "2 is. E is 3 e w o c re CO : ive: re o 3 p C re ' re " 3 - o re - 3 re 3 - 3" mm! 3" W on s."-. W . aj s s ?r! cr! '3 C- O- 3 3 p c 3 3 ' i t 3 3. 3 . v. . C o -- i 3. 3" Cft-- x o ! 3 : O . -Ji. re (1 u OS 09 to . O 5 3 ( - w Si- r; c re re a- .' Co . 2. . 3 c o o o . ! 3 . c S3 c - c c 1 r- 2. 3 3 3 3 3 h-4 fc re re re re re re n . ' -v "-! - r$ 3- O re ra' ' C C3 C3 CC CS C3 5- "re, --- - re C C C E C - - CO 35 3S Si K5 33 JT to3 ta3 S3 re re ; p. so 15 re 3-3 re re ' 00- to Q - M K5 W O rr rr . f CD 5 O 0 .0 O O 00 5; c o re 3 ' re w 15 -"5 1 - "3- REMARKS. 'X i - ' At Council Bluffs a strong work has been erected by the troops, lor the secur ity of the cantonment, and barracks-suf ficient for the accommodation of one thousand men. ' ' r Provisions, clothing stationary, and carao eouipaee, ibr one year and ord nance, and ordnance stores, to complete the.establishments, have been forwarded to the respective posts. At Prairie du Ghien the barrcks have been, repaired by the troops, and the wheat in cultivation secured, sufficient for the subsistence of the garrison for. the en surins winter. - - v At St. Peter's, barracks have been'er- ected for the accommodation of the troops and a work commenced for the4 secuiity of the post. 1 : . , (Tables No. 2 and 3 exhibit a saving, by the Expedition to the Mississippi, for 1819 and the three succeeding years, compared with what their expenses would have been, had the troops remained at their former stations, of $73,847 84; and an extra expense for the Missouri expedi tion, estimated for the same term, of $31, 362 resulting in a saving, in the course of four vears, in the tw6 expeditiiis; of .$I2,4S0 8-l.J - fV K 11 I Summary of the movements which will be the rjVlissoun and MississiDDi exDeditions, I in the course of the ensuing season, f anrl thp manner in whirh it is nronosed : to employ them?! 1 i ' j It is proposed to move the rifle regi- i i 1 meht from the Council Bhift to the Ma ,dan .villages and to erect barracks there, properly defended for. five hundred men. To remove some olf the principal ob- structions to the navigation of the Missou- ri river such as planters, sawyers, and 1 o open a road irom the Uonncil tsiuns to the post at the mouth of St. Peter's, on the Mississippi. To improve the navigation . on the Ouisconsin and Fox rivers, anoV connect them by a canal, or goodj road in order to facilitate the communication between Fort Howard, at Green Bay, and Prairie du Chien, ortthe Mississippi ; those riv ers are navigable for batteaux, within one mile of each otherj -.. ('": - 'B. Letter from the Secfetedry of War to the Chairman of the Military i Committce, Department or Wap., V 1 December, 1819. Sir : In reply to your letter of recent date, requesting to be informed of the ex penditures which have, been, & which are likely to lie incurred in fitting out & pros ecuting the expedition jordered to the mouth of the Yellow-. Stone $ri the Mis- sissipi river, and of the objects 1 intended to be accomplished by the expedition, I have the honor to make the following statement r The enclosed report and estimates from the Quarter-Master General, marked Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, with a statement of the duty performed, and that., which is' contempla- ted,exhibit the expense ot the expedition up the Missouri, for the last, and the next succeeding three years, witrraVimi lar statement in relation to that on the Mississippi. Though the last is not re ferred to in your letter,! yet, as the two movements constitute a part of the same system ot measures, If believed that it would not be unacceptable to the com mittee to receive a statement of the whole of the expenses incurred 01 likely to be incurrea, in its execution. The exiDedition ordered to the mouth -of the Yellow Stone, or rather to the Mandan village, (for the militar3r occu pation of the former, depending on cir cumstances, is not yet nnally determined on,) is a part of a system of measures which has, for its objects, the protection of our noth western frontier, and the great er extension of tur ' fur- trade. It is on that frontier only that we have much to fear from Indian hostilities. 1 he tribes to the southwest are Neither so Inconsidera ble, or so surrounded by white population, and what is of not less importance, so cut off witl intercourse.; from . all foreign nations, that there are reasonable grounds to believe, thafwe shall in uture,' be al most wholly exempt ffomalndian war fare in 'that quarter. Very ;JifTereni -is the condition of those ori ournorth west em . border. . They are open to the in fluence of a foreign power, and many of the most warlike and powerful tribes, who, by the extension of our settlements; are becoming our-near neighbors are yet very little acquainted with our power. To guard against their hostility, it has been thought proper to increase our for ces oh that frontier from one to three regiments ; and to occupy new posts, bet ter calculated to cut off all intercourse be tween the Indians residing on our territo ry, and foreign traders or posts: and to garrison them with a j force sufficiently strong to oyeratve the neighboring tribes. With this view, measures have been ta ken to establish strong posts at the Coun cil Bluff and the Mandan villag, on'-the Missouri ; .at the mouth of the St. Pe ter's, on tKe Blississipp; ; and at the falls of St. Mary's, between Lakes Superior and Huron. ; The posts at Green ISay, Chicago, Rock Island and the Prairie J du Chien, will still ' be- continued. The posts at the mouth of the, St. Peters & at the Council Bluff, have ' already been'pe cupied ; & that at the Mapdan village will probably be, , thejneit WmmiThe position at the falls ofu Marys 1ms been reconnoitred, andJt js intended'tri ' make prepe ration the nextsummer. .to occupy it. The occuratko of theiel jkTsbtwith an auequate .jorce win, 11 is oenevea, establishing ' over the yarious tribesjjn that quarter the influence of our govern- meiit, and preventing or diminishing that of others, have the most beneficial .effects. The position at the Council BloflTJs a re- rv iranortant one. and the DOSt will coh sequently be rendered strong, and will be oecunied hv a sufficient earnsbn. It is about half way between St. Louis and the Mandan village, and is at that point on the Missouri, which approaches the nearest to the post at the mouth of the St. Peters, with which, in the event of hostililies.it mav ro-onerate. It IS be sides not more than one hundred and eighty miles in advance of our settlements on the Missouri,and is in th e ceutre of the most powerful tribes & the most numerous Indian population, west of the Mississippi, It is believed to be the best position on the Missouri to "cover our flourishing settle mentsin that : 5 quarter, & ought, if it were wholly unconnected with other objects, to beestablished for that purpose alone. The position at the Mandan village, has been selected for a military post, on armnnt nf ilis manv tidvantatres which it is supposed to possess, rAt that point, thp Missouri "annroaches nearest to the establishment of the Hudson Bay Corapa ny, on the tted river , of the Lakes, near the mouth of the Assinaboin, and, at the same point, it takes a direction ta the south, which, in the event hostilities, would render it-more difficult, for any force which might be brought against it from the possessions of our northern neigh bors, to interrupt its commimicatjons with the oosts belbw. It is besides well situ ated to protect our traders, and to pre vent those of the Hudson Bay Company from extending their trade towards the head waters of Missouri, and along the Rocky mountainSjWithin our limits, which tract of country is said to abound more in fur, and of a better quality, than any other pqition of this continent. Tne post at the mouth or the St. Peter's is at the head of navigation on the Mississippi and, in addition to its commanding posi tions, in relation to the Indians, it posses ses great advantages, either to protect our trade, or prevent that of foreismers. 1 he post contemplated at the falls of StMa ry's, will, it is belived, be of very great importance, lhe position it has been stat edhas been reconmitred, and it is found that the communication between the two lakes can be commanded from our side, as the channel passes close under- the western shore. The post may be estab lished and maintained at a very little ad ditional expense. When these posts are all established and occupied, H is beleiv ed, with judicious conduct on the part of our officers, that our northwestern fron tier will be rendered much more: secure than heretofore, and that the most valua ble fur trade in the world will be thrown into our hands. , Trade and presents, accompanied by talks calculated for the purpose, are a mong the most powerful means' to con trol the action of savageyj and, so long as they are wielded by a foreign hand, our frontier must ever be exposed to the calamity of Indian warfare. By the trea ty of 1794, tJ. Britain obtained the right of trade and intercourse with the Indians residing on our territory f which gave her f nearly a monopoly of the trade with the various tribes of the lakes, the Mississip pi, and Missouri, and a decided, control over all , their ' measures. fjlfg eflectsr' of this ascendancy oyerCthern must be re membered & lamented, so long as thehis ifo"rofiheiate war snail be fierused. The most'distrjessing occurences, and the great east disasters of that period, may be dis tinctly, traced to ir. - This right of inter course and trade with th Indians, which has proved to us so pernicious, termina ted in the w;af, and was not reserved by the treaty of Ghent ; and in the year 1 81 6, Congress passed a iw which au thorised the President to; prohibit foreign- ers from trading! with the Indians resid- ins within our; timits, and instructions have been given, under the act, to pre vent such trade ; but it is obvious that the act and instructions to Indian agents can have but little efficacy to leraedy the evil. Without a military force, properly dis tributed, the trade would still be continu ed, and, even, if it were prevented,' that which is more pernicious would slill re main Indian talks' at the British posts accompanied with a profuse distribution of presents. ' : r' ' ' . ' This intercourse is the great source of danger to our peace ; and, until it is stop ped our frontier cannot be safev It is estimated that upwards of three thousand Indians7?orm our aide of the lakes, visited : Maiden and Drummond's Island, the last yearj 'and that, at the latter place a lone presents were distributed tb them to the amount of ninety-five thousand dol lars; It is desirable that this intercourse frshould terminate by the act of the British government : and it is believed that it has ?' beeneontinued by its agents in Canada, i rather in consequence of the practice be- , foretne late war, under the. treaty of l794j - than by the direct sanation and authority ? of that government. Jfs attention jias however, been called to it through the proper department ; and as it is wholly inconsistent with the friendly relations be tween the two countriest is hoped that it wHl not be permitted m future. I he oc cupation of the contemplated posts will, In the mean time, put into our hand the power to correct tne evn. ine posts on the lakes will enable the government, not only to check effectually all trade with foremers in that quarter: but also to re-; strain the Indians from passing our limits; On that sidethe remedy will be com- plete. On the Mississippi souri, the posts at "the St. and the Mis- Peter's and Mandan village are well selected for the same purpose. J r rom the .Lake of the Woods, westwardly, the 49trv parallel of lattitude is the boundary established by the late convention between the. United States and the Britsish possessions. 'The Hudson Bay land the IVorfli West com panies have several posts & trading estab lishments, which are believed to be much to the south of this line, and,consequently within our territory. When the boundary, .. is ascertainted and marked,' the policy of , the act of the 29th April, 181(3, already referred to, may, by means of these postsj; " be enectuauy enforced ; and in that quar- ter, as well as on the side of the lakes. we shall have the power to exclude for eigners from trade and intercourse with Indians residing within our limits. The faciHty of communication, by the Missis- sippi ana .Missouri, wun our posts on those rivers, is so much greater than that between Hudson Bay or Montreal, (par ticularly without passing throngh bur ter ritory, and the British posts north of ours, that our ascendancy over the Indians of those rivers, both as to tradeand pow er, ought, with judicious measures- on onr part, to be complete. 1 deem it my duty respectfully to suggest to the committee, as it is intimately con nected with the subject of the present in quiry, that the persent system of Indian trade is defective ; and that, besides en dangering the peace of our country, it cannot meet, on equal terms, the well ori:. ganized trading associations of our north ern neighbors. " I will, however, forbear from presenting any additional observa tions on this point, as the report which I had the honor to make to the House cf Representatives on the. di December, 181 8, contains ray views in relation to it. The ultimate success of the contem- x plated measures must, necessarily, depend v6ry much on the manner in which they afe' executed. With this impression great care has been taken to select officers every way ealculated to effect the objects of government.; Strict orders hve also been given to use every effort to preserve peace with the Indians, and impress them favorably with our character ; & it affords me much pleasure to state to the commit tee, that the conduct of colonel At kinson (who has received every aid, in the Indian department, from major O Fallon, the agent,) and colonel Leavenworth, the former of whom commands the troops: on the Missouri, and the latter those on the Mississippi,, as well as that ot their officers & rrien, has been very satisfactory, and has fully justified the confidence re posed in them There is every reason to pect that, under their judicious con ductT the posts will be established and maintained, without exciting the hostility or jealousy of the Indians. J- C. CALHOUN. Honorable A. Smyth, Chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs. The return of the strength of the army gives, including Engineer Department Ordnance - Department, and "excluding .Cadets, the following aggregates : - Total of Commissioned officers. J for Non-Com missioned officers arid privates 7,55f Grand Total 8,184. Letter to the editors op the xa- tional intelligencer1 V. S. Arsenal, Watcrvliet, N. Fi 'January 4, 1820. Messrs. Gales $ Seaton : While jour neying to the westward of Albany; in this state, last fall, I stopped at a small tavern about three miles west of Schenectady on Mohawk turnpike, where by the commu nicative disposition of the landlady 1 dis covered a well executed Portrait of thfr last Col. Forsyth, of the Rifle ' Cdrpyfc who wasjlled upbn: the northern fron tier dunng the late war :The good wo man; told me.that:the Colonel left it with her, when oh bis wayta the frontier, and . that he intended . to haveVaff fn it on I I his return, not hemir nhUtn rarrv it fur- : i ther without injury. ' As it may be very v desirable to his "relatves to know this fact; ? and not knowing the place of their resi dence, I take this method of conveying to them the intelligence. : s - " Your obedient servant, AMES PAiAjy-iJiV U. S. QrdnQvcb 1 " I 7, t 1 1 i i 1 i 1 1 V III i A 1 .1 t A".
Newbern Sentinel (New Bern, N.C.)
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Jan. 29, 1820, edition 1
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