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IT. CAMOLIWA VOLUME II. NEW BERN, N. C. SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 1820. NUMBER 99. terms: , THE CAROLINA CENTINEL IS JPULIHED WEEKLY BY f " JOHN I. PASTEUR V At Three Dollars per annum one third payable in advance, v 1 ; - Xo paper will be discontinued until all arrearages. are paid up, except at the: op tion of the publisher. '.-. . v Advertisements inserted at 50 cents per square the first week, and 25 cents a square for each succeeding insertion. (BY AUTHORITY.) , .- . . . ( . v . . AN ACT for the relief of Matthew Bar row. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress, assembled. That theie be paid to Matthew Barrow, out of any unappropriated money in the Treas ury of the Uuiteu States, the sum of three hundred and nine dollars and nineteen c ?nts ; which sum was expended by the said Barrow, in defence of a prosecution at the suit of Absalom Page, for property impressed by him, in arid for the service of the United States, during the late war with Great Britain. II. CLAY, Speaker of the House of Representatives, JOHN GAILLARD, President of the Senate, pro tempore. Januarv.28, 1820. Approved: JAMES MONROE. : AN AQT for the relief of James Hughes. , Be it enacted by the Senate and House vf Representatives of tte United States of America in Congress assembled, That, the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby authorized and required to issue a certificate for four hundred dollars, to James Hughes, 6f .Randolph county, in J the" state of Illinois, or his representatives, as acompensatioh for two hundred acres of land, to which he was entitled, and which has been sold by the United States; whicji certificate shall be receivable" in payment for so much of any debt to the United States for public land. H. CLAY, Speaker of the House of Representatives. JOHN GAILLARL), 'resident of the Senate, pro tempore January 28, 1820. -Approved: JAMES MONROE. SKETCHES OP ILLINOIS. From the National Intelligencer. The climate of Illinois, in a geographic al sense, is the sixth north; or rather it comesunderzone number six,which in Ric ciolus' table of climates comprises all that part of the northern hemisphere which . lies between latitudinal parallels 35 deg. 35 min. arid 40 deg. 32 miri. The; long est day of this climate is 15 hours; though that of the inhabited portion of Illinois', cannot exceed 14 hours 30 minutes. In a popular sense, the dim. ..jbf Illi nois, is, perhaps, the finest-inlfie .world that of places under the same parallel of latitude in Europe hardly excepted The climate of Italy, (whieh is tjbe on ly one that can form a proper subject of comparison,) owes its present benignity to adventitious causes altogether ; for there is abundant evidence to show, that a change of temperature and soil has ta ken place there since the time of Caesar. The causes of this change are found ! in the continual labors of human indus try, which has gradually progressed in clearing the earth's surface of woods, drain ing It of surplus water which the numer jour ponds and marshes afforded, and car rying it to a high state of cultivation. U hat industry has done for Italy, (and jndeed for most otherjjarts of Europe,) nature has done foMHmois. The great portion of Prairie land in this state, (sup posed by spme, to constitute one-fourth part of superficial contents,) the pau city of bogs and marshes, and ih mellow JoOseness and warmth of its soil render its climate mild, genial, and wholpsomp. 1 It is well known in the Atlantic States, ..; .that the clearing of thelandsfof woods produces a sensible change in the tempe rature of the climate. Large and thick woods prevent the sun's rays from peneT trating into, and warming the soil; and the fallen leaves, branches, and other ve getable matter, rotting on the ground, form a kind of crust, which flinders the escane and diffusion of the internal heat. There is here sucii an uniformity in the state of the atmosphere that one, experi ences none of those sudden changes from lieat to cold and from cold to heat, which . are induced 6y proximity , to mountains, marshes, and sea?, and by variableness of winds. Indeed, there is a great uni formity in the climate of America, taken as a whole. M. de Paw, in his l Recherch es Philosophiques sur les Americans," concludes, as the result of ftis observa tions on the subject, that our climate ts less variable than that of Eurppe. ' ? Daring the winter season here the mercury ranges between. 20 and 50, seldom lower than 20c. Tlie mean sum mer heat is about S0. As in the latter sea season I have never heard of a death by idiopaUiick phrenetis, so in the former, to have one's ears, fingers, or toes, bitten by the frost, is very unusual, not to say unheard of. v, v Inland lakes doubtless have a great tendency in making- the' climate 'of the country' which surrounds them, harsh and unfriendly to the objects of human Culture. But the state of Illinois is so far removed from the" great chain Jof fakes which sep arates the United States from Canada that this cause does not effect us. We are peculiarly happy in this respect ; for, being, placed at that point wfiere the wa ters of the Ohio Wabash, Illinois, Mis sissippi and Missouri rivers, (which Jiave their rise in the lakes or mountains at the distance of from one to two thousand miles above us) commingle, and , from which they descend, in one great channel, to the sea, (about fifteen hundred miles below us,) we escape on the one hand, the frost and snows of the upper country, the other, we do the contagious as,, on vapors and streneth-destroyine: influence Of the lower. ' ,-: Vines flourish in Illinois, and yield their fruit in as great abundance as the same species do in isourthern France or Italy. And I have not the smallest doubt but that hereafter it will be as much fam ed for good wines, as either the countries abovementioned. , I saw large apples in November, the second product of the same trees, thislast season. ' . ' 1 1 During iriy residence in this state, (2 .years,) I have never seen the earth cov ered with snow to the depth of two in ches. " , Englishmen remark, that we have here none of those longv dribbling, joyless rains, which are so frequent in their coun try rains which disgust humanity " with itself, and induce gloominess of temperj hypochondriacal distempers, and suicide. I may add, nor such rains as are common in the Atlantic states, which continue for days, and weeks, and even months, for bidding the eye to refresh itself with the external objects of creation, and - inter rupting r every other rural, enjoyment. Our rains here decend in copious showers, but are of short duration. They simply wash the face of the fields, that they may look brighter when dried. They do not drench them. With respect to the question whether the ultimate clearing and settlement of the western country will diminish or in crease the quantity of water in the Ohio and other rivers, (to which you directed my attention in your letter' of the 13th Septemher last,) I beg leave here to of fer you the result of my reflections on it. Although the experience of? the old settlers of this country furnishes no evi dence to support an answer to this en quiry, in thej amrmative,Tarn, neverthe less, disposed to answer it in that way and I think, that satisfactory reasons may be assigned, why the felling and clearing away of forests, and t the annual cultiva tion of the ground so cleared, lessen the quantity of water which is carried off by the rivers. ' It has been ascertained, by experi ments that the exposing of land to the fullforce of the sun's raysproduces a heat, at the depth of a foot below the surface of the earth, about fifteen degress greater than what is found at the same distance below the surface in thick woods. Con sequently, tha evaporation of water, from an open prairie country, must greatly ex ceed that which takes .place where the earth is shaded by the foilage ' of trees, and trees themselves. Besides this effect of the solar heat, in dissipating greater quanties of water from the fields than from the woodland, the action of winds may be taken into the ac count. Winds, it is well known, greatly assist the process of evaporation ; and when they sweep along the surface of the earth, unobstructed by woods,, and other moist vegetable substances, their effect, in this regard, must be astonishingly great. . . While writing this, (Dec. 31, 1819,) the mercury is lower than I have ever be fore seen it io. this country. It is at 10 was at 5 g this morning at sunrise. From these, and other causes, to which, : perhaps, I have omitted to look,' the in- , ference tnay rationally be drawn, that the clearings and cultivation 'of the wes tern country has diminisheda,and, that, t as this clearing.. and -cultivation pregress, will continue to " diminish, - tlie quantity Avith much raspect,;I am, &c. - HENRY EDDV.- J. Meigs, Esqr. - j F Oil E I G N r' WILLlAjlf COBBETT Mr. Cobbett has eiven a public receo- tion, in Clay tonsquare,- Liverpool, to the Deputies froin Manchester and its neigh borhood, who had been appointed to wait on him with an address of congratulation. address was readMr.bobbett repliedfB-b111"," it in a speech, of about half an hour in lenath. The tone of it was mild and con ciliatirig. He earnestly recommended a peaceble and patient deportment on thef part of the people ; he spoke of the neces sity of a Radical Reform in Parliament", and - declared, that- having watched the conduct of the Rulers of all states, and studied the forms of their governments, it was Jiis decided co;;rcon, that that Of England, consisting of king, lords and commons y with a people fairly represented, was the best which possibly could be de vised, and no other would he advocate, or I wish to see established." ' Manchester, Nov. 29. EXPECTED ARRIVAL-OF MR. COBBETT. Though the. morning was morning was very rainy, the expectation oi iVir. ivODoeu's arrival in -this town attracted great numbers of persons from-different! parts of the coun try. The local authorities were on the alert, and . military j arrangements were made, which were as formidable as those of the 1 6th of August.' Several pieces of cannon were brought into the, town last night, but the Yeomanry-Cavalry had re ceived no order, nor did they make their appearance to-day. j Hussais were sta- i tioned on difierent parts of the Liverpool road, in order to give immediate informa- . tion of Mr. C's movements. , , ; As Mr. Cobbett didj not make his ap- pearance at the expected time, the people gradually- returned to j their homes. At about five o'clock a party of his friends, to the amount of; one hundred and twen- ty, sat down to an excellent dinner at the Union Rooms, after which, Mr. Stott, the ) chairman, explained the cause of Mr. Cob-, bett's absence, which j may be learned from the folio wing i letter from the Bo rbughreeves and Constables of Manches ter and Salfbrd, to Mr. Cobbettj at Iilam : Manchester Nov. 28, 1819. Sir Having reason to believe that your introduction into the town of Man chester, on Monday, the 29th inst. is in tended to be public, and to be accompa nied by an unusual processionand multi tude of people, as well strangers as inhab itants ; we, the undersigned, being Bo roughreeves and Cohstables of the town of Manchester and Salfbrd, beg to inform you, that vve consider such an assemblage of the great mass of ihepopulation of this, district, in the present situation of the country, as necessarily attended with con--siderable danger to the public peace : We do therefore caution you against ma king- any public entry into the town of Manchester ; and if you persist in so do ing, or if you'adopt any other proceedings, whereby thepublic peace may be broken or endangered, we shall feel it our indis pensible duty immediately to interfere. We are, sir, your ; obedient servants, ('Signed by the Boroughreeves and Con stables of Manchester and Salford.) Cobbett, after writing his reply, left. Ir lam, for London, in a post chaise,' accom panied by his two sons.! Manchester, Nov. 30. Tlie female reformers of Manchester were yesterday much disappointed in the non-arrival of Mr. Cobbett, for whom they had provided a mos elegant "silver inkstand with appi opriate inscriptions; . His reply to the Boroughreeves and -Constables was as follows : - .. - s . t I Irlam, Nov 29f$ " Gentlemen If it had come froni'atty other persons in this jworld, the notnita tion which I have-just received from you would have surprised me. Coming from you, it excited no surprise, nor any sort of feeling towards you which was not before entertained by every just nianinVevery part of the world where your deedsnd character had been heard of. A. " But, Gentlemen, is it really come to this, that a man, upon returning to his country j or upon moving from one part of England to another, is to be stopped on hi wav uv t'urccts ut interference -'on the part of officers appointed to keep the peace,) lest the concourse of people, which. his mere presence may draw iogether, should produce danger of a breach of the public peace? Is it really come tolmsr Is this the state of England ? Is this the law ? Is this one of the efiects'of that sys tem, which, we are told, is so excellent, tbat it requires fto Reform ? -The laws of England secure to us the right of locd-mo-tion ; that is tosay, the right of. moving bur bodies from one place to another. Now if your notification be any thin more than a mere empty putting. forth of-words, it presumes that you have -a right to pre vent -'me from enjoying this liberty of lo co-motion. For you tell me, you shall iji tcrfere,i persist in my intention of ma king a public entry into.your town and alas I we know too : well what you mean by interference And what do you mean, I say, by public entry r How am 1 to make: any, other t"3" a. public entry,if 1 at f L.ke other person,, ,t must have been to enter ypur town in a carriage, or on horse back, or on foot. Are not these the ways all other persons enter ? And ha;f t0nte the persons do ? Eitherj therefore, you must mean to forbid me to enter at all, or you mean that I shall move like the women of the Seraglio or of the Devof Algiers,shut up in a box, with large air holes in it, or ride upon a horse, my body and head be ing covered oyer with a species of tub. This is thestaiefis it, to xvhicfiihe system has brought once free and happy Eng land ? " To what a pitch must men have -arr rived, when they could sit down and look one another in the face while they wrote ami sighed a psaper, such as that vou sent ; me This paper was addressed to a man ru,Tntr nn hm..r v-.n .o: i uuinig iiv jjunn auu iiuiuv-iiiiaiiuii iu uu- turb the, public peace ; a man who, with a knowledge of the recent events duly im i pressed uppn his mind, had taken the pre- ; caution to beseech the people not to mix ! up a reception of him with even an allu j sion to those events. It appears mani- fest that the public peace could not have j been endangered from my entrance into t Manchester: But, to see such multitudes of people assembled together to shew their respect for me, appears to have been more : than you can endure. We read accounts of the Prince of Saxe Cobourg, the Mar- quisof Anglesea, the Duke of Wellington, and other great personages moving here and there amidst public plaudits. Infi nite pains, at any rate, are taken to make us believe that this vis the case. What right, therefore, have you to make any at- tempt, either directly or indireetly,to pre vent the people from bestowing their ap plause upon me, in person ? is not my right to move from place to place, as per fect as that of any of the , three men that I have just mentioned III. Aye, but then, the assemblages that they cause are small I ! i -ft-: Suppose, I were at thismoment livinsr at an inn in Manchester. It is pretty clear,sI believejthat an assemblage of per sonages would take placeiat any time that I chpsifto walk out to the spot where the dreadful scenes of the l6th August were exhibited. What,. then, would you ex pel me your town, or compel me to; keep myself shut up in a room ? And if the people presumed to come to show me marks of their respect, would you visit them with your awful interference f Gen tlemen, we shall live to see the day, and that day is, I believe, not distant, when I shall be able to visit the excellent people of Manchester and its neighborhood with out your daring to step in between us with, your threats of interference. . " Let me call oh you to think a little on the figure you now; make in the worlds Here I am 10 miles,' froni Manchester : there are the people, whom you call an itnii&ual multitude ready to receive me, and to bestow on me all possible inarks of respect : and there are you, sending me threats of interference and preparing all sorts of means for making ;,that inter ference effectual, in order to intercept verbal expression of popular approbation!! intended to be bestowed upon a man, des titute of every species of means of obtain ing that approbation, other than the means naturally arising from his integrity and his talents, his well known love for his country, and his well known zeal in her cause, during the whole courso of his lileunder all circumstances, whether abroad or at home, whether in prosperity or adversity. ; v Thus the- parties stand before 4iie; world. , I disdain tb tell you what my in tentions are ; whether I intend tcf enter Manchester or not. I have made this comment upon your communication, in order that the , nature of your conduct may e the! better understood, and even in doing this, I have condescended to be stow on you too great an.botior. With fadings ?iV .n ae a rcl fi iehd of the people, a real' lover of his country and faithful subject of the King, must ever entertain towards men like you, ; ". J' k ','vv IarnV- - ' ! : " WILLIAM COBBETT."- fROM CALCUTTA. Boston, Jan. 28. ; By the ship Sachera, Captain Bancroft, we have received Calcutta papers to the 23d. of Sept. from which the following ar ticles are extracted . Calcutta, SepU l. , By a private letter received fronrBata via, by the American ship Glide, we learn the confirmation of the fact, which, we announced a few days since, on the authority of letters from Penahg, namely, the expulsion of the Dntch from Palem- bang by the Malays, with the loss of 1 17 men and 2officers killed. The Ma lays had "a battery of 30 peices of cannon, which the Dutch attempted to storm three times, but were repulsed. 4 His BufmabJlajest3', the King of Ava, departed this life on the 5th, of June, 1819, at a very advanced age, and after a reign ,of eight and thirty successive years. v.. - ' - ' The Prince . Regent, grand son f the late Kint of Aya,,succeed I)im, and ait cended the throne; on the Cth, and on the, 7th the remains of th0 deceased king, (aU . tended by his successors, with the Prin cess of Tauonoo, and others as chief mourners,) were with solemn "ceremony and grandeur, placed on the funeral pile composed of Sandal-Wood, and various other odoriferous combustibles. 4 The torchi i was applied to this by the hands of the Princes, and tlie mourners occasionally poured out costly oils! on the fuel, until the . corpse was totally consumed j when the ashes were carefully collected togeth er, put into an urn, and deposited in a Royal Certietry, as a relic for the future veneration ot his decased Majesty's des e'endants and relatives. Afier performing the solemn functions tf a chief mourner, and closing the funer 7 al rites of his deceased predecessor, hid Majesty's next care was to direct his at tention towardsthe security of his domin ions, to prevent the least commotion, & to preserve tranquility, & welfare of his sub jects ; to effect which it was thought neces sary for him to adopt immediate arbitrary Measures. Having abundant reason to fear his oicn'brother, the Prince of Tauo noo, (whose daring and violent spirit led him to form the design of seizing dri the throne) his Majesty, ordered him to be arrested, together with the whole of his children, jgrand-chidren, and the rest of , his family, and on he 10th they, were put into redjmgs or sacks, and thrown into the serf an honorable mode of death, re-r served by the laws and customs of , the country, for the 'royal descendants onlyf The Prince'Prone, the uncle of his pre- sent Majesty, who was leaguekl in the ; treasonable confederacy, was also appre hended : and the , King, after torturing him, and crushing his ,bones on the rackr committed him to close.' confinement where it is said he was strangled on the 12th. ' ;.: On the 5th, the Prince Leh-gain, whose ' eldest brother Mohe-nihg, is the present son-in-law of the Vce Uoy of Rangoon was al.o executed as one of the conspira tors.: On the 8th; one of the Prime Min isters, together with the Governor of the Western Provinces, Allounwoon, were punished with death for the same crime. The number of the principal persona ages attached to the cause and interests of the late unhappy Pri nces, who suffered death; for their attachment to them, it is said to be about 1400, and it is confident ly believed that from 10 to 15,000 men of the lowest class have shared the some fatetf ! ' The property of the Prince Tauonot , which has been by the Royal authority confiscated, subsequent to his death, ,a mpnn.ted in gold, silver, diamonds, jewels arid other valuable articles, to about one million, and four hundred thousand Ticals' of flowered silver, equal to one million eight hundred and foity eight thousand Sicca Rupees i The propertyofHne Prince of Prone, which is supposed to have been xbnsidebjjlmorenyalue ; than that oTthe Prince "of Tauonoo, has been also confiscated ; though by an order of.' the Xin, it is promised to be distribute mong his Majesty's army ! whose fiael- ity nas enabled him to carry his bloody purposes into execution I . ' ' The present Sovereign of Burmah. is represented to be about 35 years of age, of armild disposition ; temperate in many respects ; just to all ; of a liberal mind; and - possessing many other good qualifications, which endear him to tW : bosoms of his subjectsvwhQ esteem Inm tj adoration I I - i h I ; 4.- -
Newbern Sentinel (New Bern, N.C.)
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Feb. 12, 1820, edition 1
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