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1. f ' - , - ' - 5 ' v VOLUME III. NEWBERN, N. C. SATURIiAY; JULY 29, 1820. 'if NUMBER 123 f T" T r-' f -1 - ' ' - -'.f ' '":. ' - ,r ' i wmm xy, i i i a m v i i i a m .' i i vi i i- in ........ : . I - . -,- If., printed ani Published weekly, by PASTEUil 8f WATSON, At'$3pcrannamha!f in advance. 1 (BT AU TH O K 1 T i.) - ; " I -. i. i . i AN ACT for the relief of I the legal Representatives of Conrab Laub, de- '. ceased.' j Be i enacted by the Senate and Hau&k of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembed, That the person authorized to transact the business of the late Supervisor ot the Revenue in the State of Penn sylvania, be, and he is hereby, au thorized and directed, to revise the accounts of Conrab Laub, deceased, late a collector of internal duties, in the State aforesaid, and to audit and settle the same, 'admitting, on suf ficient evidence, all legal or equita ble credits not heretofore allowed cr rejected by Congress. Sec. 2. And be it jur ther enacted, -That if the Administrator of the said Conrad I-aab, (deceased, shall be dissatisfied ' with the settlement and decisioii of the person authoriz ed to transact the business of the supervisor aforesaid, he mav within three months after sucn aecision, appeal from the samey upon such items in the account as he shad de signate, stating, in writing, his ob jections to the decision on the sam, to the accounting officers of the Treasury Department ; and, upon such appeal being taken and presen ted to the Treasury Department, within the time aforesaid, it be lawful for the accounting officers of that Department to audit and settle the same, according to the rules ' prescribed by this act, and in such manner as the justice of the ; case may require. ' ; Sec. 3. And be it further enacted That if upon the settlement of the accounts as aforesaid, of the said Conrab Laub, deceased, it shall- ap pear that he is entitled' to further credits than have heretofore been received, it shall be. lawful for the Secretary of the Treasury to allow the same and credit his acount therewith.- ' y - ';'' . - : Sec. 4. And be it further enacted That the legal arid .equitable allow ance to be made, shall not exceed the balance which is due to the , Li nked States ; nor shall any allow ance, so ascertained be, passed to his , credit, unless the administrator shall forthwith pay such remaining bal ance if any, as shall upon said set tlement, be found to be dueandow ing from the said Conrab Laub. Approved May 15, 1820. AN ACT to authorize the Governor of Illinois to obstain certain abstracts of Land, from other Public Offices. Rji,.. .-.. ' , r, of Representatives of the United States of America inVoneress assembled. That - jar - j it shall be the duty ot the Register mcai ianSua5c wlliXf- U6U, c"v of the United States', Land Office rotation of crops ? , -. at Vincennes. in the State, of Inri;. The ingredients of the soil, which ana, to furnish to the Governor Inf - the State of Illinois, when he shall apply for the same, a complete ab- stract ot all the lands which have been purchased at that office, or which may hereatter be purchased wnich lie witnin tne mate oi Illinois designating the name ot each nur- chaser, and the time of makirg the purchase ; for which he shall be entitled tn rerpivpfrnm snrh . anni;: cant, at the rate nf ten cents for earh separate entryv "la copy whereof is required: Provided, however, IY12X all the exnetise inrnrrrl hv virtue n c this act. Rhall be Hfrnrl hv the said Siate. ' ' f -;"; bee. 2. And be it furthrrrnnctrd. .--" - , r- . That it shall th ri r,f retan of the Trenrt- h ,n. plication of th btate. to cause mmnut. oKct,f to be made out,. for the use of said oiate, or ail tne mil lilCary OOUDtV lands which have been Datented to the late army, lying w i thin the same, : tracted course of rotation and the designating the name of each patent alternate succession.ot grain and of tee. 5 Approved Moy 15, 1820. green crops may, to a transient ob- . '. , server, appear, upon good land, to '-.AN ACT granting to the State of Ohio have; been, year after .year, abun the right of pre-emption to certain dant and in quality good ; but up quarter sections of land. , ! on a. more accurate examination and -Be it enacted bv the Senate and Unus c'cmparison, they would prove to I of Representatives of the United States , aj merica m congress assemoiedj inat nuuj uuhiuimicu ui nuauu auu uc here be granted to the "state of generated in quality. vjnio, at tne minimum price iorj vvhjch the public lands are sold, the right of pre-emption to one quarter , lor a series of years, without the in 5ccti n, in or near the centre of terventian of any other crop, so that, each county, included in the pur- ' in the end, it became incapable, even ;hase recently made of the Indians, j with the aid of manure, of produc- bv the treaty concluded at St. Ma ry on the twentieth day of Sep ; ember, j ooe thousand eight hun dred an i eighteeen, for the- estab lishment of a seat of justice in' the saicf counties : Provided,: The pur chase be made before the commence ment of th- public sales : And 'pro vided ahoy That the proceeds of the sale of such quarter section- which may be made under the authority oi the State of Ohio, shall be appropri at d for erecting public buildings - in suid counties, respectively, after de ducting therefnm the sums origin ally paid by the . State" aforesaid : And provided ' further, Thty the seat of justice for said counties, respect ively, shall be fixed on the land so selected .. . --.' ' - . Approved May 15, 1820.' . AG UICTLTUR A L : ADDRESS ' , "; To the Maryland Agricultural Society at . the serai-annual meeting in June 1820, by the President, R. Smith, Esq. The address, whirh T 5 had the honor of submitting to the society, at our last meeting, inculcated the expediency of a systematical rota tion of crops.- It, at the same time, stated that nc systdm would suit universally ; but that every person ought to form ' iie for himself accor ding to jthe soilv'the size, and char acter of his farm. In this selection 01 the proper course, it, among other things, ought to be kept in view, r s- 1st. . That gram crops ought not to succeed each other;; but that there ought to be an alternate suc cession of grain and green crops. 2d. That a long course or rota- tion is more tavorabie to the sou than a short ope, i. e. that r. a five year's rotation is better, as to the soil, than a three or a iour years sys tem, and that a six or seven years rotation is preferable to either. Every, plant finds, in the sou, its appropriate rood. 11, tnereiqre, such plant be cultivated, for a se ries of years in the same field, its pe culiar nutriment will, eventually, be xhausted, and, of course, the plant will, in such case perish with hun ger. Hence results' the necesity of some change in crops. Of this no urauiiai iaimci cmwuiiua , . 1 f.. .mm MMMw-nin n nmiKf1 L?".? ouSnt to uc lt MUBc,w,rwr i . . - , - .. . . 1 t constitute the nourishment oifc an Mannaceons crops, are homogeneous and consequently, wheat, toiiowing nuian corn, can nave our. a uimiu- lsned PPrl,on oi papulous matter ne- tessary. to s perfect vegetation. c aiuc.-principle is app"" Hcguminous to esculent rooi auu pther :green crops. And this princi Ple ught to have a powerful infiu 1 euce in the selection ot whatever s slem ot rotation may be adopted . fne earth, by a certain process "1 ".l".re, nas providentially, ine J laculty of regaining those nutritive inSredients, which it mav have par- wun m the productions of a crop. - S A l-kv. -1 .? ""ever, aoes not take place immediately. It requires time. To afford then the requisite time for I such renovation; and to allow the in the interim, not to rest but in some green crop, ougnt.to be the primary UUlcut iu cvcy ayaiciu u I rotation. With this view, tne pro- have; been, by a- perceptible grada- l nave Known a square in a, gar- deh, whirh nad produced . caobages mg caooages nt lor use. And yet this same square yielded the follow ing year a good crop of peas and beans. In the language of; the gar dener it had become tired of cabba ges. But in the language of truth, the' peculiar aliment pf that vegeta ble had; been exhausted. Similar complaints are made; as to clover, by some of our farmers, and may be made, as to corn and wheat, by all whose course f rotation has not been sufficiently diversified, vand at the same time so short, as not to al low to the soil the time -necessary for its regeneration. :'' Instead of wheat immediately fdl iowirig Indian corn, as is our gene ral practice, it is worthy of conside ration, whether there ought not to be an intermediate crop, of Swedish Turnips, Mangel Wonzel and Po- tatoes. j uesioes the immediate, re lief thereby afforded to the soil, these valuable articles of food would enable the farmer, to fatten an addi tional number of cattle, hogs and, sheep for sale, and of cows lor the dairy, j And these stocks, over and "above the profits of their sale and products ot the dairy, w u!d furnish a , vast accumulation of manure. -Such an accession of manure would necessarily contribute to the aug mentation of the succeeding crop, and to the permanent improvement of the. farm From the increased quantity of manure, procurable under the sys tem of alternate white and green crop it may be assumed as a s fact, that the firm would, in the course of a few years, yield at least twice as much per acre as it now does un der the present impovershing prac tice. In that event, instead of the thirty acres, for example, in corn, and thiny in wheat, there would need be but fifteen in each. And as these two fields' of fifteen acres each, would yield as much as the two fields of the thirty acres each now do, the corn and wheat crop would, of course, be not at all di minished, whilst the expense of their cultivation would be reduced just in-jhe proportion of 1 5 to 30. And this difference of expense would form no inconsiderable part of the profits of the corn and of the wheat, But this is not all. The great and essential advantage to be gained is, that the remaining thirty acres would under this system, be in green crops, for the food of an additional num ber of cattle and other stocks. Arid it will not escape .observation, that all the proffits and advantages imme diate and remote, arising from the sale of these cattle hogs and sheep, from ; the cows of the - dairy, and from, the great accession of manure, cannot be 1 considered but a clear gain, resulting exclusively from the proposed green crops', and attended, moreover, with no diminution what ever of the products of grain! It is strenuously maintained by many practical farrhers, that the cul tivation of food for the use of cattle and other stocks is as profitable as the cultivation of food for the use of man. Be this as it may, it is ob vious to every understanding, and it is confirmed'by sorrowful experi ence, that no farm can be profitably, conducted unless it furnishes an ad equate supply of food for as many neat cattle and other stocks as, may j 1 er j 11 UA mo be sufficient to produce all the ma- r . . . nure necessary to its progressive 1m When a farm does not 5furnistvthe . requisite tood .tor this i uuiuucrui tdiuc uu ui wmvi wj , ther will, from a defficienty of ma- nUTe; dcteriorati6Vorthe soil, aud ot course, a gradual aiminuuon oi the produce, and of the value of the estate. This annual tendencv, from, bad to worse, must inevitably in the natural course of things, terminate in the utter ruin of the proprietor. Of this dismal, melancholly result, our country, unhappily, exhibits too many illustrations. ' ; t Swedish I urnips were sowed by me last year, part in drills on the 12th of JVlay; and part broadcast on ihe 12th of June. Both qrops, not withstanding the excessive heat, and the long continued drouths of last summer, were very abundant,' "and n quality excellent. 1 hose -sowed in r ay are esteemed the Best; The loots continued to be remarkably acceptable to the Cattle until the 15ih of M ay, when they were "all consum ed. "I he affording of green and nu tricious food, in spring, when our cattle in general, suffer much, is one of the characteristic recommenda tions of the Swedish Turnips, and is, of itself,: sufficient to induce its universal- cultivation. So useful arid profitable, in my estimation, is this root, that I have just finished the sowing, in drill,, of ten acres more than I did last season. T he sowing of this year, as of the last, has been performed by a machine, the coulter of which, I this season had fixed in such manner-iis to make the furrow so deep, as that the seeds were deposited about an inch and half below the surface of the ground. By such deep sowing, the plant when it makes its appearance above ground has so vigorous a root, that it soon attains the third or rough leaf, and then is beyond all danger from the ravages of the fly. To the fore p'art 01 th.s Drill-Machine, there js. at tached a very light roller, which smooths and prepares the jrround for the coulter, and to the back part, there is a chain, which draws the dirt into the furrow, so as to cover the seed to the depth o about ah inch and a half. The rollers in re- turning, presses to the seed, the earth that had been drawn thereon by the chain, and at the same time smooths and prepares for the coulter the ground of the next furrow. It may perhaps, not be amiss to state, that from these deeply sown seed, the plants have, come up in great profusion. Ground in good condition, as mine is, has produced frorh six hundred to one thousand bushels to the acre. The actual produce of my crop shall be accurately: ascertained next faU. The Mangel Wurtzel I have, by way of expeirment, sowed this year in manured drills on a small scale. Should the plant agreeable to my ex pectations prove to be productive and valuable, ifs cultivation by! me will, m that event, ,be greatly ex tended. My present intention is to I cultivate, every year hereafter, the whole of trie corn fields of the pre ctding! season, in Swedish Tur nips, Mangel Wuttel and Potatoes. There ought to ' be no dread ol a redundancy. Every farmer, great as well as small, will find it im mensely profitable to increase his stock of cattle, hogs and sheep, in proportion to his increased supply of green food. Theultimate ad vantages of such a course of hus bandry, are incalculable. Un'd'er this system there ought to be on every farm, a barn nvith sta bles, for horses and for cows giving milk, and also open sheds for dry ! cattle. These improvements ougu to be made of dimensions and in a style correspondent to the size of the farm and to the circumstances of the proprietor. Without such accomo dations, the crops cannot be pre served and managed to the best ad Vantage ; the various stocks on the farm cannot be kept in good condi tion ; and above all, there cann t be so large an accumulation of sta ble manure. Upon this object all important in every view of good hus ' ! 1 1.... T 1 , ,1 1 j:t 1 Dannr, x ntivc aucuucu uuiciciu , uuu . . . cum; of monev Irom five thousand? doUars t0 a ver' hundred. I shall, this summer, build a barn; as to cost -and dimensions. would siiitihe boorest class of jfar. "mm m:rs iyx our country. .The total ex- pensea, including' the materials to be purchased, will not, according to the estimate of mv i cament-i- rA S250. This barn will he AO Kw qjz leet, with an open Jbarriu bvfl feet attached to each, end; It wiU have a threshing floor of 20 (by 12 feet in the clear, and 2 stablek1 20 by 12 feet each. 4he whole bulling, barracks as well as barn, will be un der a good root of the best shingles; This statement, apparently trfval,, I have deemed it not -amiss, to make, merely bepause it goes to shew, that it is in the power ol every farmer to have a barn that would answer all the purposes of cooH . v . - o: - q A person capable, as everv. farmer is ot perforkniuc: bv himself and his people much of ihe wcirk, would ne cessarily find the cost to be greatly diminished.- If in our husbandry, there should be adopted a methodical rotation. cpmpi isiiig an alternate and protrac ted succession of white and greea crops ; and if, on our farms, there - should be erected suitable harna stales, sheds, and (barracks, them will there, assuredly, be on every such farm, a competent supply of food for as many neat cattle and oth er stocks, as may be necessary to produce all the manure required for the best cultivation of .such farm; then will all such food be adminis tered to the best advantage, with the utmost convenience and 'without any kind of waste, and then; will our sioik of every kind bV carefully pre served and gradually improved. In such a favorable , state of things, we shall have the consolation, of behold ing the progressive improvement of the soil, and of the stocks of our country ; an improvement jvhrch in its. progress and in its result. cannnot fail to ensure to us our fuu share of all the happiness, which the good things of the world can be stow. , NATIONAL PAINTING. From the New-York Daily Advertiser. It is witlv.great pleasure we learn that Gol. Trumbull's splended painting of the " Surrender op Lord CoRNWALLIs,,, executed for the federal rovernment. and designed for the Hall of Congress, is fin ished, and is about to be exhibited o the public at UVashinton Hall, in this city. This magnificent picture, which corn-4 memoratesone of . the most brilliant as well as most interesting events of. the War of Independence, will be better un- . derstood, by refreshing the memory with the following historical facts, Immediate ly connected with its great subject. Lord Cornwallis, one of the ablest and most distinguished orhcerstin the British service in this country, during - the year 1780 and 1781, had overrun and sub dued a large , portion of the , southern country. Among the achievements which had attended his victorious career was the capture of the city of Charleston, and the victory at Camden. Indeed, such was the success of the expedition, that it seemed to threaten, at least, if not to ac complish the ruin of the cause of Amer ican Indipendence : In 1781, consider ing his great object sofar accomplished that his immediate presence was no lon ger necessary at the south, he moved with the principal part of his troops into Virginia, where for,i a while, he was equally successful. But " the admirable " co'mOind movement ol Gen. Washington and our Fn nch allies from the north, n ' of ' ount de Grase, with the fa n and! army ot France, fiom the West In die, turned the scale and forced the Briiish General to shut himself up in York -Town, Virginia, and atternptko de fend himself thereuntil fie could oe re lieved by aid from the British army at N. York. (lis hopes and expectations from that quarter failed him; and on the 19th -of October, 171? he surrendered his whole forces to the combined arms of America and France. I his great event, which was produced by one of the , qut consummate displays of . generalship that is to be found in the history of military1 operations, put an end to the war, and led to the acknowledgment of our Inde pendence. When the. British army captured Charleston, General Lincoln, who com manded the American forces in that city -. was, by Lord Cornwallis, denied the 1 .1 L provement.
Newbern Sentinel (New Bern, N.C.)
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July 29, 1820, edition 1
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