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' i .. ,1 ' '; ' --i-V-;.- ' ?"'-- V'.V..;,' T Tf "V H Tt VoiitJME iw NEWBERN N. G. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1820. NUMBER 131. : I ' I -.- I - -" - JESTED AND PUBLISHED WxixLT, 'BY; PASTEUR WATSON, At $3 per annum-ialf inndvance. AGRICULTURAL. . !--..;.'' ' I ' - - U ' ''J ' '.'. : from the Memoirs of the Philadelphia Agricultural Society polices for a Young Farmer. CONCLUDED.) Render Water subservient to all its purposes. Dams and ponds for collecting streams and their depos its, are magizines for manure, as well as heads for irrigation of grass, or even tillage crops ; and watering is found, in countries wherein "it is practised equally beneficially to both When springs or streams are ab sent, dams, to retain the deposits or rain-floods, are highly advantageous by furnishing temporary: irrigation, and finally, supplies fbr the compost heap. The Chinese have, time out J ol mind, set examples or constant use ol irrigation ; and their modes of raisingswater from rivers,streams, &c. and of applying it are to be tound in many writers. . " Visit, often, every part of your arm; arid fix! beforehand, your work, View, frequently, not only your water courses, bat all your en closures, crops and woodlands ; j and note what is amiss. You wiii thus guard against evils consequent on negligence. . . . Shew yourself in your fields, in busy seasons especially. Your pres ence will animate the in!usu ious, and stimulate the unfaithful and in dolent. More 'profit will arise, if your concerns" are extensive from such attentions, than from all you could accomplish by your personal labor confined to one object ; to which however, if your circumstan ces compel you to submit, you will. soon discover ine superiority, j ac rnrflincr to the ciuntrv nhraseoloffv.l V t o " - r - T of -"'come boys,'' to " go boys. J The one ensures your work.; the other leaves it half done. ; It ydu are rich enough to employ an Cher sesr you will b-? fortunate if he will not require overlooking. . Gather all your summer dung ; dropped near fences & hedge rows, fif vmi 'twill tiffrr curK JnrnmKran. res. nnrl nnrlpr trpp? nnrl miir t with earth, on a ploughed head land, . ' . ? i " . i i1 I iu save it irom snn, wmu aoa aung- I ' 1 .1 All 1 1 t 11 ' . I ' M ' " . oeeiies. ail aung snouia eitner De covered with earth or a roof, to pre vent evaporation and waste of its most valuable ingredients. Mix no hot lime with your muck, dung, or compost Sheap, before fermentation has ceased Instances of even conflagration of strawy j muck, by hot. lime I to a great ex extent, can be given. No doubt, cess, of fei mentation is injurious ; and over-rotted dung is not, desira able. But extreme cases should not be resorted to, for in-itrucdon or ar gument. If lime be used, that slack ed is always safest and best, when mixed with either dug or compost. ;O0zu7? wmier gram the hrst vear ui timing ncius.j i ne crop is gene rally retarded in ripening, & caught by mildew, blight or rust. The li ming here meant, is one j sufficient lor durable? improvement the soil. Those who lay on lime in small quantities, which, may do neither good nor harm, often, (not always,)' escape injuries, though they gain zio immediate advantages. Select, the- best seed of all youf' grain ; roll it m piaister alter wet ing it, if you will not steep it. But a change of seed entirely, when the grain has been sown too lonir on the ajme iarm; canoe once accom plished by procuring a full supply rom distant places, and the more distant the better, without .waiting for tedious process of gradual selec- uon nowever commendable the iat tcr may be. ' '. ! " .I'!.'." - f aS 001 yct agreed, what kinds aQ lne dung of cattle composted. V wheats best withstand injuries i They should not be placed in decli JTqUc Hessian Fly. J The 'yelldw DiDgsijiiiaiidns from whence the bearded and other wheats with sol- 1 id'straw or strong stems, (the solid! stemmed wheats being designated by the application of cane or . cohe wheats) are deemed thes most effica cious. Farmers should bend their sedulous attention to the selection of such wheats. Good farming manure and reasonably late sowing, are cer tainly, the best securities. But too late seeding is unsafe ; for 4 the spting-brood of flies attack the I ten der plants of .very late, sown wheat, not sufficiently forward to1 be capa ble of resisting thisfoe, with the like destructive effect, we expe rience in spring barley ; appearing to prefer, for this purpose, plants in the early state of their growth.' It is, most probably, a native here., It never entirely leaves us ; though it appears, at irregular periods, in numbers less scourging than at times when its ravages are more conspic uously destructive. It seems to make movements of its main bo dy from North and East, (where it was first perceived,) to. South ; leav i n g always on its march, detachments or stragglers sufficiently, monitoiryto keep us on our guard. Its name does not prove it importation, for that ap pellation was bestowed during lour revolutionary excitements, when ev ery thing we disliked was termed Hessian. 'Entomologists class it among the Tifnilce, whereof there are more than 120 varieties. In Hesse, they have not this vermin to annoy their crops. Steeping your seed wheat, is at tended with little trouble or expense; and is assuredly,. worth the trial, as it has so many, and such respecta ble advocates. Avoid, however, steeps too strong, as they sometimes prevent seed shooting ; particularly if the .seed be not -r well washed. You need be at no less for a choice, as so many receipts are to be found in book of agricultural authority, for steeps of various compositions. The stunted or sedge wheat, may, posibly, be the consequence of seed grain being infected by disease or infested by insects. It would be worth the experiment, to try the ef fects of steeps. Changing the seed, to a kind entirely different from that usually sown, has been found to be a guard against the serious jand increasing evil. Lime and strong lime water, often have beneficial effects on diseased seed wheat. I Be particularly careful in expend ing, as you should be provident in raising, every species of proven der for your stock of horses, cattle and sheep. A. variety of food, l and an orderly distribution of it, ! are more promotive of health and jvig- our in .your domestic animals, than ' a lavish expenditure of. any one species. . Such as require previous preparation, should have it bestow ed, both' for profit and enconomy. Cut or chapf your hay, straw, corn tops & blades, and even your stalks, with a powerful' St raw Cutter, and you will save a .great proportion, which is otherwise : wasted or pas sed through the animal, without con tributing to its nourishment. One bushel of chaffed hay at a mess, gi ven m a trough, three times m 24 hours, is sufficient. for an ox, horse, or cowl A bushel of chaffed; hav. lightly pressedTSveighs from 5 to' 5 1-2 pounds. An horse, or , horned beast, thrives more on 15 lb; thus given tViqn rn O.t " i a mrr monly expended including waste;) in tne usual mode or teedinc: in racks ; to which troughs, properly constructed are far preferable. This practice has heen fairly tested by ex perience : and the results accurate ly proved. This, and other great improvements in feeding; their do mestic ainmals, have been forced on the people of Europe by necessity. Salt your clover and other succulent as well as coarse hay. But over sal ng diminishes the nutriment. More than a peck tc a ton is super fluous.' Half the quantity is often suificienL ' . ;. ;i ' !' ::.'. If cattle or sheep are nmnpflJthe j pens'should be frequently, moved ; dung and Urine are wastefully wash- i ed away. Moveable pens for sheep, have great advantages, lhey are safe (in proper pens) from dogjs ; and their dung fertilizes beyond any other. If for health and convenience they wins range in the day, penning at nights v unless flocked (and well guarded) on ah extensive' s.cale, is essentially necessary. M ultiplyyrour pens,v rather than crowd too many iiv one fold. K Be hot sparing of a reasonable allowance of salt, to your domestic animals of every descrip tion. Some prefer, rock salt for sheep to lick at their pleasure. MISCELLANEOUS. TROM THfi NATIONAL GAZETTE. GULF STREAM. From Notes made .'during a passage to Europe, in December,' 1818. To-day we find ourselves within the limits of the Gulf Stream, which is certainly one of the greatest nat ural phenomena in the world. The wind blowing from N. E. is in.op position to the current which creates high and irregular swell, and occa sions the ship to be tossed about in a very unpleasant manner. , The temperature of the water is 24 de o:res warmer than the air with which it forms an astonishing con trast, so that on dipping a hand into it, one is almost tempted to draw it out suddenly as if afraid of scalding it. This is the effect of contrast, since the water raised the mercury in Fahr . no higher than 74 degrees. I cannot; perceive that, this re markable current is distinguished by any change of colour in the wa ter, which is alike transparent arid clear with the, rest of the ocean. . It runs along the eastern - coast' of N. America, from Cape Florida to the Ijunfcs ot JNewioundland ;ivhere it turns more ! to the eastward; run ning towards, and passing through the Azores or Western Islands. -Here is width its expanded and ve locity proportionably diminished.-! Taking a south-easterly direction it next turns towards the African con-: tinent, and 'following it awhile final-! ly contributes to supply the loss of those watersf driven . westward by the constant trades. The Trail e winds afford a very satisfactory explanation of these phe nomena. Constantly impelling the waters to tlje westward, an accumu lation takesiplace, and what are pent up in the great Gulf of Mexico, find vent between the Bahama Islands! and Florida5, when, pursuing a north easterly direction, they remain em bodied, and circulate in the exten sive manner described. The breadth ofthe stream where it runs along pur coast, is 40 of 50 miles, widening towards the north. From the 'Shpres of the Southern States, its distance is about 75 miles, but from the Northern and Eastern much greater! The common velo city is two Orjihree and a half miles per hour, but this as well as the, distance from shore is greatly influenced bjr winds, ifor when these have prvaled long from the northward and westward, it is driv en further. ou into the ocean, and has its velocity much weakened, but after the prevalence of southerly' winds, it is fojfced westwardly, when meeting withf resistance, its width is lessened and its rapidity render ed proportiontibly greater. j , The limits !)f the Gulf Stream are now pjetty wfjl defined, and easily ascertained bl means of a thermom eter, for its temperature is seldom less than ten r twelve degrees a bove that of te sea through which it runs- Thegreat current looses only about two degrees of its origi nal warmth ins running: 1300 miles into a colder climate,' being often 81 and 83 degrees in latitude 59 north in summer. ! " Owing to the great difference be tween the tenyieratures of the air and water, a constant vapour spreads over the surface, and clouds and squalls are continually passing oyer.' These commonly let fail" their fain in showers, and are often' charged ; with winds and lightning, particu- larly in winter when vessels arc off ten 'struck. J v. I 1 As it, is always raining in one place or other, the horizon is iinusu-j uuy stuuuea witn rainoows in tnc day time.; - A very intelligent cap tain ? whose accurate and; interest ing observations relative to the! use ofthe thermometer in practical navi gation, are only to be better kno wn, to receive a-just appreciation, says, " I have seen the Gulf Stream off Cape Hatteras in the month of i De cember, when t the difference j be tween the - temperature of the air and water was so c-reat the i latter smoked like hot water.running a. brewery." . j ' , ! A knowledge of the extent rom and has miiuence ot this ere at current taught navigators how to , profit by its influence in their passages to Eu rope, and to shun it when bound in opposite direction. In many instan ces ships have been set several de grees to the eastward , between A merica and Europe, and this was a source of great delay and danger previous to the discovery of the chronometer. In the month of De cember 1811, the Brig Polly of Bos ton, Captain Cazneau, was wrecked on her outward passage to the West Indies, in the Gulf Stream soon af ter clearing St. George's Bank. i ne captain and one ot nis men, the. only, survivors, were picked up in the mouth of June following, af ter having remained on the wreck one hundred and nine-two days, an instance oi preservation at sea per haps without a parallel. ;'; During that time, they were drifted by the Stream , upwards of two thousand miles to the eastward, f When bound to America! vessels avoid the Gulf Stream in two ways one is by keeping to the north and passing the Banks of Newfoundland in about 44 or 45 degrees north lat itude, and sailing between the north ern edge of the stream & the shoals and banks of Sable Island George's Bank and Nantucket, when they not only avoid the stream but are greatly assisted by the counter cur- renc, ior it may oe set aown as an " - l: -t ''"."! i 'I ) invariable rule that every ,, current has its counter current!" This route is usually preferred ; iii summer but in winter a different one is of ten chosen, vessels crossing the stream where it -is weak and keep ing to the southward. It is supposed that the sand and mud carried down bv rivers into the sea and by currents from! the bays, meeting with the Gulf; Stream, have been deposited in its eddies, and now constitute tne numerous banks and shoals of Newfoundland, St. George s, Nantucket, Sable Island, &c. - ; Cod, E. FROM THE SAME. Messrs. Editors. " I It is now some time since we have had any thing from. the pen of Wash ington Irving. W hat his views are. seems not to be very well ascertain ed ; and we may therefore hope to be irratified with somethincr of a more lasting-nature production. ! than hisi last The pieces in the Sketch - Book, though admirably written doing honour both to his head and heart and pleasing alike to young j and old, are nevertheless from their! na ture .liable to be soon forgotten. They make an impression, strong, but not permanent : they are calcu lated to interest none in, particular, which probably may be the reason why they are not sought after as las ting friends, to be deposited in our libraries. Upon a second reading the same delicht is felt nearly, as at first ; but then the nature of the es- j says seems not to cauwi wwuu reading. ... ( .. ;-- As I thought of him the other day, it occured to me that no per son was more fit to conduct period ical essays. . His style reminds tis much of Addison he is evidently a nice observer of ineu and manners -and his character ccnerally would seem to qualify htm for an American Spectator or Connoisseur A few (years ago it might Ihavefceeh saidJ there were not sufficient materials for a work of this! kind in this couh-' try , out oi mte ctvtlization has wrought a wbrideirous chancre in our habits. We have a little gambling, with dissipation df other kinds, ex travagance of dress, ; with appearaa- ces a oo ve circumstances political misdeeds, with national mconsisten- ? cies ; j ana as to ;emaie concerns certes they might! furnish a paper of . two. JNot nowever, xuriner to parti cularize, our Spectator would find enough to look a. ' . v C. LYCURGAr. SOCIETY. A At a meeting of theLyntrgan Society if Yale-College, Mid August 9th, 1S20 on the reccommen&ation of a Committee of the Society composed of members from different States of the Union : Resolved, That extravagance in articles of dress is inconsistent with the republican principles of bur gov ernment, ancLanievil which at the present time threatens itiintercsts.lt is, therefore, the duty ol everyjriend of' his coimtry? to afford his assis tance in opposing its alarming pro- . greSS.'' :;. . ;- . . ; Resolved, That it is the peculiar duty of the members of our colleges, and a debt of gratitude they owe their country for the distinguished 'privileges she has conferred upon them, to exert their influence in the; accompHsment of so laudable an ob- ect. , ; ' ; j . , . ;- . . , Resolved, That We disapprove of extravagance in dress and luxurious indulgences in ! our seminaries of . learning at the present time; espe cially do we disapprove of them in the institution with which we are connected. !l Resolved, That, to reduce the ex pense of ' clothing and prevent the? evils arising from continual fluctua tions of fashion we adopt a uniform dress to be worn by members of tho society. 1 i V; Resolved, That to promote in dustry in our country and encour age American j Manufactures, wet wear cloth exclusively of domestic manufacture. !i Resolved, That these resolutions be signed by the Committee, who ,are instructed to describe our dresft for the benifit of those who ,majr hereafter become members of this Institution and that the same beV published in the 'newspapers ' : ..-hi . . " - '. ': ' ' COMMITTE. - -) George E. Adams, Maine; A. L. Alexander Georgia. Charles Atwood, Massachusetts' Edward F. Barnes, Mississippi., P. W. Chase, New-Hampshire Asa Childs, Connecticut. J. P. Jones, Delaware. . , Thomas F. Little, N". Carolina Wm. Bi M. Culloch, IN. Jersey. ; George IV. Peters, Dis. Columbia Edward E. Phelps, Vermont. " . George Sheaff Pennsylvania. Edward A. Strong, New-York. Wm. S Sullivaht, Ohio. London A. Thomas Kentucky. t Edmund B; Vass Virginia. ; Jlkmas J. Tounfr S: Carolina. ;g DESCRIPTION OF THE DRESS. A;Coatse or short Coat, and Pan taloont tf dark domestic Cloth, black an4 white mixture, denominated Iron Grey, made agreeable to the present fashion in eyery. respect, ex- . cept the Coatee is single breasted, with a small pointed lappel the pockets on the outside of the skirt with a scallopped welt. " s YaleCollee, Net-Haven, Corin. - August 25 820 - . I'? N li t. : . ' f I. ! Ml it fei II - ' - : - i . ' -i ; . .. i j - ' ' - v - -
Newbern Sentinel (New Bern, N.C.)
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Sept. 23, 1820, edition 1
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