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-'Vi"-'''- L. '.;f VOLUJVIE NUMBER 137. 1 POINTED AND "PUBLISHED WjCEKLY, BY PTEUR $ ;VASw,; At $ 3 per arum-balinadvance. j 8 -V cuLmREmcotrox. In the CenVinelfthe 30th eptembery we published sone remarks df a Jones county correspondent respecting the "cul ture of Cotton. The v Edi6r of the American Farmer Jn republishing that article, has subjoined the following notej a The writer of a communication in the Rorth Carolina Centinel, from which the above is an extract, estimates' too highly; k humble services of the Editor of this paperbut we trust that wej shall be able in a few weeks to throw some light on the culture of Cotton and Siigartwa of the great staples of Southern Agricul- : ture. ' : y' , T , . In August last the Editor wis driven by the orders of his p!iysicfar for .the revival of declining health, tol make a tour on horse ' back, through tthe high lands of Virginia. 1 To a v?y distin guished and wealthy planter Jof South Carolina, whom he met at thje Warm Springs he submitted such qheries in writing, as seemed best calculated to de velope information on thg most essential nninN touchm? the culture tue diseas es, &c. of Sugar and Cotton ajnd most , especially to the causes ana means oi prevention, or cure of the rot inj Cotton This gentleman with an urbanity which marked all his deportment to a stranger in ill health, and therefore not likely to le forgotten, promised at the first leisure moment, after.his return home, to mae out replies, in detail, to all the interrogato ries proposed and as the season ibr " pitching the crop" is not near at hahd, we forbear to anticipate these details by giving our imperfect notes of the conversation on these . subjecjs any further than merely at tjiis time to warn the Planter- to take more care of his Cotton seed to have: them well dried, cured and secured frdmthe weather more hereafter. I The Editors of the Centinel are respect fully requested to copy the above ote." Editor American Farmer, POLilllCAL,. 3i. FROM THE NATIONAL.ADVOCATl?. BRITISH POLITICS. , It is somewhat amusing to observe the efforts made by some to persuade the peo ple of this couutryvthat the British nation enjoy the greatest portion f Freedom of any other nation on the face of the earth. They can see no diilerence between an hereditary King, a holding his power by " divine right," and incapable by law of doing wrong, and the elective chief niag istrate of a people to whom he is ar all times accountable ; they pretend toldis cover nothing incongruous Jn the eltab lishrnent of a haughty and dominant! no bility, born,. to honors and wealth, wfiich they frequently disgrace and abuse, and to legislative power of which they are in capable, and never are deprived, thqugh they are generally the most-immoral land flagitious of men. . These admirers 1 of this " stupendous fabric of human wis dom, "of these " Corinthian pillars! of the--state," can see nothing vvrong inj all this, nor in the existence of religious hierarchy, ; which denies to every man the exercise bf his political rights, unless they profess the established creed. Tfiey tell us, that the enormous amount of fax es levied upon the people, so far from being oppressive, is a proof of the gieat wealth of the nation, and of its ardent devotion to a government which it I re gards as the wisest aud best constructed on earth. tis imposible say these ad mirers of the British constitution, thatihe sovereign or he nobles can exercise despotical power, because this is surfi- ciently provided against by the House of Commons, the " third estate of Ihe Teairn," the free and fair representa tion of the people, forming a counter poise to the other two estates, and a for midable barrier against all unconstitution al encroachments" Such is the lan guage which may, be every day hefird coming from the mouths of men pretend lH to be republicans, J)ut who, in fact, only so in name, - and wholy unde )sr?iag the nrivilegres of freeraen;' " is j Nothing shews mure clearly the want correct information on the subject hof -British politics than to hear these ,nen enlarging upon the advantages o( the glish constitution ' The British ia tion has . no constitution,, nor -Ver - llad cue. It has a religious creed and a bo- t - . i dy of civil law, but we search ihj vain 1 for any thing like a written exposition of, CIVII riglllS. -4 1ICU UUdSlCU. ;'rtU- na charta and their bill of right are j mere shadows, which have long agolbeen divested of their substance by the inroads of the crown. Even the commentaries of Blackstone, which have been regarded as an epitome of the British; constitution, only represent things as they Ought to be, or might have been many centuiie past. When it is found necessay to ac complish ar particular object .the" King, and his - .Ministers make no scruple of vi olating the most obvious principles of equity without regard. to the adthority of this or any. other English lawyers The celebrated writings of D'Lolme on the English constitution' present a beautiful picture of. cjvil liberty, but it is a picture meiely : . the reality is no where- to be ' tOUnd.".; --r " :vi' j ' Some idea may be found of theequita ble principles, which "guide the House of Peers, by trie proceedings now. going on against the Queen of England. It isev idently from these that a predetermina tion exists in the minds of I the " noble Lords to convict her. little atten- tion to the House of Commons will show that no greater reliance to j be placed in the justice of that h honorable body." In all cases, indeed, where,; the rights of the people are concerned ,the third es tate,' instead of being a; liepk upon the other two. branches uniformly decided j in conformity with their known wishes, and hostility to the views of the -nation This is perfectly in unision with the cor runt formation, which1 takes its rise, not from the free suffrages of t but from the ihfliienrenfth the people, e crown, the nobles, and, what aire called lh borougli mongers, l he tollowtng statement ex hibits, as near as possible- the presejit constitution of the British House of Commons:-- -.j 4,V;f -;: " Members returned by. 87 Pees in Eng- iana ana waies, ! j ) .- :.! zix by 21 Peers in Scotland 31 by 30 Peers in Ireland 51 ; ' 144 300 137 by 90 Commons in England & Wales by 14 Comnions in Scotland I by 19 Commons in " Ireland by Governmental Nomination 14 2d 16 iTotal returned by nomination which the people have no vote 4S7 in 658 Independent of Nomination, btal House of Commons, A majority ot the aoove, memuers is mm- a . t m i actually nominated bu 189 individuals : and this majority decides all questions in the name of the vvhole population v which amounts to nearly fourteen millions. . Of this population, it is calculated, that the number of persons quali6ed to vote did not exceed 122,081. The city of . Glas gow, with a population of 100,784, has not a single representative in Parliament. This is also the cause with Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, and Sheffield, the population of which extends from 35,000, to 98,000. There are upwards of 20 others cities, none of which have less than ten thousand inhabitants, j that have no voice in the national representation. One city, Bath, with a population of 31J 469, has only . 30 persons qualified to vote, and these send two members to Parliament. Gatton, and Castle Rising, in hich there are only four dwelling hou ses, together, with old.rSarum and Mid hurst, in which there are no dwelling houses return four members i !; But this shameful inequality, is not te only feature in the English represen tation deserving bf reprobation. All the ministers of the king and many of their clerks have seats in one or other of the houses of Parliament ; and by an official document, printed by order of the House of Commons, dated in May 1809, it ap pears that 76 members of the then par liament received in salaries and pensions, free from all deductions no less a sura than Ll64,003 sterling, or 728,137 per annum. VThe ancestors of the present race of Englishmen bad enacted " that no person who has on ojficf or place of, profit under, the King, or receives a pen sion from the crown, shall be capable of serving as a member of the -. House of Commons." They had , also declared, that it is a high infringement of. the liberties of the Commons of England, for any lord of parlameht or Iprd lieutenant to take any concern, or in any (way In terfere with the return of members to that house.", TWia iHArlafa- tions proceeded uBon thp nrinrinle. that a servant of the crown could ' not at. the cnUips of people, that they have rib j same time be a faithful "servant of the hereditary xight, arid?they must rely ex people, and that a member ought not to '; dusively on their personal claims to pre- T . i . . t be allowed to spend the money which he is expressly deputed to save, it 'was left o the profligate ministers of the last and wic picsciiv it-igi w. viuidiuiese correct rest his pretensions to tne sceptre on me;, majesty at Brandenburg bouse by a nu principles Even xhrseUin of seats in ground of his personal merit, if he dares merous deputation I t the House ofpornmons, which a mem-; to abide such an ordeal. We wHl appeal ; The procession arrived in the Strand ber openly? declared to "be as notorious to the common sense of all mankind if I abott one o'clock, from the city. It was as th sun at noon-day "has been vindica- this comoarison is invidious! I headed by a ffenHeman an white horse. - ted by the very, virtuous ministers of the no less virtuous George the IV. i ne peupic oi cugianu utve, ior up- wards of half a century, been endeavour - ing to obtain a reform of parliament. Petitions after petitions have been pre: sented for that purpose without the . least redress.; ' Some of the greatest men in the country, among whom, at one period ranked the celebrated William Pitt, took nart in tnp prinirts tn rptnr ihoir r nam- ral lights, but they have always been de- ieaieu uy,uie iuiuim.oi uie crown, ana tnmseU? must attend " such a change in hy no one more strenuously than by the . the English govenment, as is done once same William Pitt, who very early be-in every four years by the quiet and pea came an apostate from liberty, & a violent ceable progress of election. The change abettor of corruption in all its multitari: j of dynasty is provided for in the constitu pus forms. .It Was this servile tool of tion itself. But our constitution does not despotism who stood foremost in denoun- j end even here in its anxiety to prevent cing the friends of freedom as jacobins, i popular commotion. .. The people author and levellers, while he recommended, ; ize themselves to ay, we will abide by and carried into effect by his pensioned : this instrument, so long as we deem it majorities, those political measures which ! riecessarvrwe reserve to ourselves the have reduced the people of Knpland tn a ... i , p state ot slavery ana wretcnedness. . It is absurd to expectjthat menlpossessing such unlimited power, and who can at all times purchase a majority in the House of Commons, will ever think of reform- ing themselves. History affords no in stance of a single tyrant! abdicating his authority. It would be a non to expect this of the real phenome-. many - tyrants, who rule the English nation with a rod of iron. If the head of this phalanx, was favourably disposed to his subjects tliere might be some chance of their be- ing heard; but as he constantly lends deaf ear to their complaints, nothing but a revolution, by which the inordinate power of the crown will be brought within proper bounds, can ever restore the free and universal right of elec ion to the Bfi- tish nation. From the Baltimore Morning Chroniele. We have noticed of late . an extraor dinary opinion advanced by an English writer; it is this: If the! monarchs of Europe are destined to fall, let America beware; if strong governments cannot stand the shock of popular commotion, how shall weak ones abide such a trial ?" Now, what does this writer mean-by popular commotion, as applied to a gov ernment' of the people? He has indeed cited the republics of Greece and Romel wich are in all points difierent from the American. Let us state at once the spe cific ftoint of difference the American constitution contains the principle of its own reformation the principle of its own adoption to times and to 1 circumstances, i may vary the people are by fne terms of the constitution itself empowered to make any alterations that the' nay deem necessary in fact, such tiltelati ns have already been made with aMLttle Popular commotion, of which this wri ter speaks so flippantly, as if the saie amendments had been made to a lease by the concurrent assent of , the parties. Vh'at have the people to fight about when the instrument is in their own hands, and revocable or amendable at their own sovereign will and pleasure? But not tospin metaphysical cobwebs, uot fp substitute speculation for fact let this English writer point out in all the histories of all the European monarchies a change, except by an appeal to military force. -The thing is not even calculated 4 on ; Blackstone in his analysis of the Eng lish constitution, endeavors jto evade the, objection urged by the principle, .that " the King can do no wrong," that he may even commit murder with impunity, slates, as Burke after him does, that this must be. a case of war, and not a case provided for by the constitution itself Tj'he policy of this argument, goes upon the ground that not only the kigly olRce, but the person is so essentially a part of the con stitutiqn, that nothing . can , affect him personally, without the whofe constitutional edifice is prostrated by his downfall. Arguing, frbm such postulates, our English friend sees the same difficulties in the change of a President, as he would in the change of the Hanoveiran or of theBourbon dynasty j What right for instance, has a son : of James Monroe, - provided he should be blest .with one, to" inherit the paternal of fice ? Will he plead an hereditary ? Will John Quincy Adams rest his claim to that office on that plea ?" No, before either I the one or the other can claim, this con fi dence, thev must be able to convince ten eminence. - Let Qeorge the Fourth now disband his army, . abandon his crown, retire to the shade of private life, and A change is made, in our Chief Magis- ttrate, once in 8 veafs regularly, & it may oe made once in four. It is a part and ran essential partVof the Constitution, that ; this change must take place. No change, on the otlier hand, is admitted in Euro- pean monarchies; without a broad and direct 1' aboeal to militarv forri without: as the writer thinks proper to' express himself " nnmrtnr- mmmrJinn i- ,i . . i vuiuiuuuuu, accoruin? tome very pnnci- pie laid down by the temperate Blackstone riaht i a" Ariisi auvu alterations as we deem proper, and we will even snpr.ifv in that instrument itself the manner in which he procession were filled with spectators, such alterations shall be made. When ; The ladies waved their Phandkercliiffs, an indictment is presented against, ah in- ! and the sailors occasionally cheered as dividual, for a breach of the laws in the I they passed. They conducted them United States, does it state that the crime !Tselves in the most orderly manner. was done against the Majesty of James Monroe ? No, his name is not even men tioned ; it is stated to have been done against the majesty, not of a monarch, but of ten millions of people against the majesty of those who can, by a single word from their lips, establish or pros -trate the government. In shortL our government -is built on' revolutipnary principles, and on that account tli ere is no danger of a revolution ; the peopleas long as they are satisfied with the Con stitution dp not alter in other words, re volutionize it ; because there is no occa sion. When such an alteration does be-, come necessary, it is provided forjn the body of the Constitution itself, and the people can do that legally, which in all European governments can be done only by rebellion ? Will it be said that; there by is any parallel between the two between the two cases ? Wiil it be said that we , cannot choose a president without a rebellion. . If we al low the principles of this English writer their full-swings he is prepared to main tain this hypothesis. : Late from England. : New-York, Oct. 22. i , By the arrival of the British ship Mars, captain Mitchell, in 22 days from Liver pool, which place she left on 1 the 29th, we have received papers to the 22d, pf which the following are extracts : The London Traveller of the 20th of Sent, states, that Lord Castle reagh is re ported to have said in tbe British House of Commons, pn jMonday evening, that if the whole proceeding against the queen were a conspiracy, no person would be more willing to j;et at the fact than him self,, , v" : '; ;; "? The Liverpool Advertiser of the 26th says : u There is sorne reason to hope that the present pause in the legislative proceedings against the Queen, may be attended with salutary effects." " - i; The last accounts from Spain state the interesting fact of the actual destruction, and sale of the property of the Inquisition;. Admiral Sir Jlonie Popham, d'ed at Cheltenham, on the 1 1th of September, He had recently returned from the Ja maica station. v aV ! The Emperor of Russia has declined the invitation of the Emperor of Austria,1 to meet his Imperial Maiestv at the camp at Pest.. u. .- The ship Liverpool was IoTn the : coast of Africa, in . May lasT The: blacks boarded the wreck, aitd robbed her of every thing they could lay thei hands o;; Gripped the captain and crew, and took them ashore in canoes, entirely naked. The captain and three; of the crew were afterwards purchased. : Ar1rlrsse to the Queen were dailvH and hourly received by her majesty, v The Ladies of Edinburgh ; have sent the Quee an Address. ' - ! The females of Exeter have also sent the Queenv an Address. 1 , On the I2lhof Sept. her. majesty re ceived addresses 3 from Exeter ; 1 'from the parish of St. Sid well 1 from Mont rose ; from the males am? females of Leeds from Ross ; 1 jn verse, from the ladies of Bristol, , with, 1 1 ,047 signatures from Carlisle, j Hereford, , Ips wich &c s On the 13th of iptember, the Cap- tains, Mates and Seamen of the Britislr nierchant service,, whqsej vtssels were ly ing in the liver, were presented to her " ; J holding in'hand a blue flag, fringed j with white, inscribed with - - " I ne teamen's Address." - - I Then ': followed the seamen,? walking f four abreast, all decently' dressed, and j wearing white favours. They amounted j to about '5,000, and, with their fiends I who : acconiDanied them, formed aV lih that filled the street from Temple bar to Adelnhi Thprp were three other similar ; a u.. a i flags, each carried bya I seaman in the procession. The first was inscribed " Heaven protect! the Innocent." The secoftd--" God save the Queen. And the third ' Nod Mi Ricordo'J Several naval flags were also , carried tn the procession ; in the midst of it was a small cart whh two men seated . on it, sustaining a pole, on the top of which was the figure of a sailor j with a roll in one hand, and a hat in the other, in the act of cheering. -The procession 'was closed by a considerable number' of nacsney coaches, tullol company male ' and female. The windows in the liW nf The Queen's aiiswer to the address -from Exeter, is worthy of notice. She says " I consider mysell as perpetually -acting in the presence of the Universal ' Father ; and I endeavor to measure my h'appiness, more by conformity to His vill, than by any variable compliance! 1 . with; individual inclination. Whatever may have been been my personal afilic tions,I consider them as designed either, for the benefit of others, or for my own I ultimate advantage. Hence, that Power whose afflicting dispensations have cauVd. many sl torturing pang tc my heart, and , many a sorrowful hour in my life, is te- object of my devout, and ray humble ado ration. In all trials, I place a fir?n relw ice on his goodness, without hose j e."misioii 1 not a sparrow falls to the ground." I Passports were signed on Saturday, by ' ",s excellency Prince Paul Esterhazy, oil the application of the Queen, for one of her Majesty s couriers to pass through the Austrian dominions in Italy. Carlos is the courier appointed to jthis -service ; and it is said, that one of the objects of his mission is to accomnany the celebra ted Bergami to London. 1 The courier left London on Monday morning. v - The House of Commons met on"the 1 8th September and adjourned to the 1 7"tll of Octoberj by which day; Lord Castle reagh calculates the House would be able to find its wdy, and to determine, trimi the proceedings of the other. House, b what farther perjod it might be exeoieut to adjourn. If the Bill of Pains and Pen alties should come down from th other House, it would be obviously desirable that the House should he called, ove, with a view to render the attendance as full as possible ; and. therefore, he thougfit it proper to mention his intention to pro pose that the House should be callpdover early in November. This he states now n order that Members might be in readi ness to attend within the period of three Weeks after the day to which his present motion referred. In the course' of t lie debate upon it, Lord Castleieagh tienied that her Majestys witnesses met with any obstructions j tin t were not common to both sides. How are we to reconcile thi assertion with the evidenct of the witnes ses against the Queen, stating that they apprehended lorce on ine pan ol tr.eir Government J to compel them to go to England? Lord Castlereagh, in answer 40 a ques-; tion Jrom IVIr. Humef stated that Minf ters were yet in possession of no authen tic intormation as to the procefdtngs in Portugal, and were therefore unable ta Oliver any opinion upon the 1 subjects. I his answer has dissipated one of the ru- !onrs assigned for the 'depression of the funds. ." v ;;,"!': " Accounts from Corfew of the 4th ult. Irepresent theaffairs of Ali Pacha in a de)e rate condition. : The Turkish fleet of 24 sail, men of war and transjoi ts, had occupied all trie ports of f .pirus. rhe Uuke bt Cambiidge passed through' Nu- emberg oh the 27th ult. on his way to ienna. Austria continues to pout h-r troops into Italy. Austrian f artKon are iheady ( established in Bologria and Commacchio, in the Pope's territories;' It is understood that orders have beei: is sued by the Austrian cabinet, to pi event the. new ambassador from the Court of x Naples, the Uuke of (allo, from j a ng thtj Austrian frontiers. The accou 10 4
Newbern Sentinel (New Bern, N.C.)
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Nov. 4, 1820, edition 1
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