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wnsl vdaiblc and extensive tract of conn- ronsUmble degree ; but no living tree gcnce that Ae nnistice wncladed ; try, a.. 1 U the mt considerable tritut- hs then " devoid of sap." The important tween General San Mart na no arv stream of Lake Michigan. Action, therefore, in relation to the fel- ; Koy of Lima, still cont nued. t wasai Gov. Cass, on his route to Chicago,! ling of timber trees, is, I am inclined to yrlom tended Miami to Fort Wayne. From!think, not simply when trees have the city to hold out a thence his canoe was transported over a ! smallest Quantity of sap ; but at what sea- mencement of ftcimues. 4 portage of about nine miles, to the head of the Wabash. This river he descended toils mouth, and then descended the! Ohio to the Mississippi. This latter riv-j tr he ascended to the mouth of the Illin ois, oneofwho3e tiilnitary streams ap proaches within ten miles of Chicago. The character of the Illinois is repre sented to us to be essentially different from tint of any other river iu the wes tern regions. It has more resemblance to a canal than to a stream. 1 For 30O miles, not one rapid, nor even a ripple is discoverable. The water mover slug gishly, and for a considerable part of the distance, no current is perceptible. In ascending this stream, there are a num ber of places where the voyageur is liable to be lost, .by following channel? which terminate in extensive ponds. Within a bout.one hundred miles of Chicago, the appearance of the country, and with it the character of the river, changes. A continued succession of falls ahd rapids, into posts ami rails.' The ensuing winter, at this season o. the year, puts an entire I in the old of the moon in February, he stop to navigation, and the boals and felled an additional quantity of his white "their contents must be transported by land oaks, and split them also into posts and to Chicago. This change commences at rails to carry on his fencing. It is a remarkable Jiill, called by the early now said he, two and twenty years since French voy ageiirs Le Itocher. It is a the fences made of the May-felled timber Very elevated rock, not les$ than 250 were put up, and they are yet sound; feet high, perpendicular on three sides, i whereas those made of the trees,, felled and washed at its base by the Illinois. n February, were rotting in about On the fourth side it is counected with the i twelve years. He then pronounced con surrounding couutrv by a narrow ledge, ' fidently, the best time for felling timber . Which can only be ascended by a precip-; trees, for durability, was when vigorously jtojs winding path. The top "of the rock j flowing. lie said, also, that white oak is level, and cont -.iijs perhaps three-fourths j am! hickory trees felled at that season, of aii acre It has been wrongly foitified would not be attacked by the worms, by t:ie InJi u, and many years ago was j producing what is called " powder pot." thp scrn of a desperate coiflict between i And added that hooppoles oak and hick the I'.-tawatamies, a. id a band of the II-, ory ought, for this reason, to be cut at the li.iois Indians. Th- latter fld to this same season. phce for refuge from the fury of their enemies. Ihe post rould iiot be carried by assault : and tradition says that the be lievers fi.ially succeeded, after many re puNt i, by cuitini: "ifine supplv of water. Jr.vei' Kru; who appeared at the top of tin nCK, . for "the purpose ol procuring water Jioiii the river was immediately shot ; au.l the result was surrender, which Was followed by the t lal extirpation of the Illinois hand. ' At the mouth of the Plein, and within about forty rods of its junction with the Kinkakee, the party discovered one of - the most remarkable uiineraloical facts which h is been seen in our country. There is in the bed of the river a large black walnut tree, as it lies in the river, measures about fifty-one feet ; but this is not its whl IMi.:th, for a part of it is covered by the bank. It is from two leet and a hall" t-v three fret in diameter. The tree is divested of i;s branches, but both the bark and t tie wood of the trunk arc entirely converted into st'tne. Iroi. pyrites and crystals of quartz are evident ly ditinguishible in thi petiitied su -stance. Tiie tree itvlf is in Ine bed ! the river, and the r ckv bitton of the s'rtam is lormru upon it.. Mine oi tnt- rocks, certainly ii situ, wmcn r.fs'eo up on the -tree, were taken up. 1 hey were a iH-cies ol tiie latent sand Mone. No a iet petrifactions were discovered in the vi iif ; nor did tiiere appear tor be any qui iiy of i!ie water which produced this remi'kuhle result. Lje specimens of thi tree have been bfii'iV to thi city, and uill be deposited auivag ie various collections in thccouu try. 7 We uatvstand that Mr. Schoolcraft, who Accompanied Ciov. Cass, and who j hi rfii ii 1-n at Chicago lor a few days lias coleciJ t the-lacts which could be 'I ascerlafoed, ani Ovhicli could reflect light upon thiv interenii) subject. His min er l'.:icd acqtiir,iients are well known. nnl triere are ie men in our country who are more comment than he is to pursue such an iuvesb ation. The scien tific world m ty expect"rom him an able and interesting memoir. This tree must n t be Unfounded with those parti d r -local petrtjctions which are freque.itly loand in spriu-s and small streams. it is entirely difltrent, in its character and its position, anf the sub stmces in contact with it. claim for it an antiquity at least coeval with that of the beo of the river. Cut we must Iee to others, who are more able, the tas, of sp-cul.i!ing upon this interesting and m Opected discovery. A . FELLINO OP TBKES FOR TIMBER. i Timothy Pickering Esq. a gentle man who has paid profound attentiop to rural affairs, controverts the received opinion, as adopted by commodore Por ter, on tae proper time for felling trees. To the moon he attributes no influence on the sap of vegetables, because its rays Lave no heat; and the circulation of sap requires beau We wish we could make room for the whole essay in the "Far mer," of Sept. 2S, but can only make the following extract " No one can doubt that "dryness is favourable and moisture unfavourable to. tL durability o! timber anJ in winter ' th xjp of tr ii probably inspissated to1 j m , son the sap they contain will most easily ; escape, or be expelled. The facts I am going state may show this to be in the spring ; when the sap is thinnest and uowln?in the greatest abundance. In the year 1 800, devested of public employment, & about to commence hus bandman, I made a visit to the late Joseph Cooper, of New-Jersey, one of the most intelligent farmers I ever knew, to con verse with hirn on the subject of his vo cation. .Among other things, he spoke of timber ; and stated the following facts His farm lying on the Delaware river, nearly opposite to Philadelphia, was ex posed to the ravages of the Rritish army while occupying that city. Pressed for fuel, his fences first fell a prey to their he necessities. In the month of May, 1778, they cut down a. quantity of his white oak trees: but circumstances requiring their sudden evacuation of the city, his fallen timber whs saved. These trees he split In the same year, accident threw in mv way the late Oliver Evans's book on the co tstruction of mills ; to which was subjoined a treatise of a Mr. Lllicott, a mdl-wright, onjthe same subject. Turn ing over some of the leaves of this trea tise, I lighted on the passage in which the author directed hickory timber, in tended for the cogs of wheels, to he cut tchen the sap teas runningfhzt they mg fit not become powder post. In the follow ing winter (1S01) being in Boston, and; conservsing with a friend from the coun try on subjects of husbandry, I repeated Mr. Cooper's observation, as above stated. This friend then mentioned a farmrr, the well-pole (or sweep) of whose well, happened to break at a very busy time: that to supply its place he cut down th fitt small tre tint czine to hand ; and this was a white birch. The sip then riming freely, he snipped off he bark, and put up his pole, and it lasted seventeen years. Had he put it up .vith the bark on, it would probably have rotted in a year, the closeness of the birch bark prevneting the escape of the ap. A close coat of paint, laid on un seated wood, operates like the close birch bark, by confining the sap and hastening its decay. More than fifty years ago, seeing a quantity of logs, with the bark on, piled u; by a chair maker's shop, I asked him why lie did not split them, that they might the sooner get seasoned. He an swjred, that so long as the bark remained on the logs the sap remained in them, and they were more easy to be dressed and turned. Unless timber trees be cut when the sap is running the bark cannot j be stripped olT; though with considera ble pains it may be removed by the axe and drawing knife, but less perfectly The facts and reasoning of Mr. Pick erin? appear decisive : though the nine tenths of mankind believe contrarawise. 1 By many experiments tried in Europe, I it appears that trees, stripped of their bark, and left standing three yeais afterwards, were most solid and durable. Farmers, mechanics, all men, are in terested in this enquiry. .Nature has been kind in presenting the most ponderous, beautiful and ? incor ruptible wood," to the inhabitants of the tropics. 1 hose everlasting trees nave all the insterstictes so charged with resin that the air m ikes no perceptible impression on. or decomposition of the timber for some centuries. Posts of the put hive been taken out of the ground in the West Indies, alter stan ding there -V 150 years, without exhibi ting any signi of decay. Though noVnown or discoverable pro tess of seasoning can. probably render our ovks equal to tuose tropical trees, vet we are confident much way be done for the preservation of our common timber, in fence and in architecture of all kinds. FROM SOUTH AMERICA. BALTIMORE, OCTOBER 1. V " The ship Chesapeake, Capt. Lane, arrived here yesterday from Cdquimbo and Valparao. The Chesepeake left Coquimbo unhe 9th of July, andWal- parai so on inevyui. On the 15th ( July, II. B. M. frig e Ower GIendoweif yrived at Valparaiso, in 10 days from Liaa, bringing bteili- n -l alert - I Wl that an American sel from Philadelphia, and an English vessel from Rio Jeneiro, both deeply la den with flour, had eluded the Vigilance, of the blockading squadron, and had got in. The U. S- frigate Macedonian, (af ter repairing the Chesapeake) sailed for I.ija, and thence contemplated visiting the Sandwich-Islands. , Lord! Cochrane had the second time seized in the port of Arico, a considera ble sura of money (upwards of 100,000 dollars): belonging to the brig MacedonH an, Cant. Smith of Boston, last frora Canton,' under the pretext of breach of blockade, and had ordered the brig to sea under the command of midshipman Herrouj late of the Macedonian frigate Capt. Smith remained on shfore. Sir Thomas Hardy, commodore of the Brit ish squadron, had protested against the extetit of the blockade declared by the Chillian government, and had declared that he should not respect it beyond the limits of three leagues to windward and leward of Callo, and that within these limits a blockading force should be actu ally kept up. : Religious. Front theIFcstern Carolinian, ; SALISBURY, OCTOBER 2. THE SYNOD Of the Presbyterian Church of the Carolinas, closed their session yesterday morning, as did also the Presbyterian Missionary Society of North-Carolina. During their session many excellent and pathetic sermons wpre delivered to crow ded and solemn audiences. We hava rea son tojbelieve that many lasting impres- slons were made, and that numbers will church, and the number of souls in both have occasion to remember this meeting, j congregations that are still inquiring, is when this globe, and all who it inhabit, j about one hundred. In the congregatons shall be dissolved." j of Cross Roads, the same glorious work It is with much pleasure we have listened : has commenced andfis extending. Be to the expressions of gratitude, and satis- ; sides the great number that have lately faction, which have fallen from the Fa- j united themselves with the church, many thers in Israel who have attended here, , are still seeking I the Lord sorrowing. for the kind and generous hospitality with which! they have been received, anc the resppctful and profound attention with which' they have been heard With heartr felt joy we reciprocate their expressions of gratitude; and most sincerely do we wish that they may be restored in safety to their families and flocks; that the richest blessings of an indulgent God may b? showered upon them in this life ; and ill., lite blessings of hundreds and thou sands, " who were ready to perish" for lack of spiritual knowledge, may be their crown of rejoicing at the bar of God. NARRATIVE Of the State of Religion vntfrin the bounds of the Synod of Worth Carolina. In a free conversation on the subject of moral and benevolent societies, and on the state of religion generally, the Synod of North Carolina are happy to receive from the different churches such interes ting and heartcheering intelligence. Al though there is so much to lament within our bounds in some places vice and im morality, in many churches coldness and Iukewarmness,and in a few congregations an inattention to pious and benevolent institutions, yet, upon the whole, we re gard the state of religion, during the past year as more tham encouraging ; and may safely say that there never was a period when there was such a general attention to the concerns of piety, and when such sig nal success has accompanied pious exer tions. It is with pleasure that we learn, that almost universal attention is paid to the religious instruction of the rising genera tion. Sabbath schools seem every wbere to prevail. Bible classes have been gen erally established, arid are well attended. Instruction in the catechisms of our church is not neglected. The Synod view with encouraging delight the establishmentand progress of such institutions ; they believe them to be among the most effectual rrieans of securing the salvation of the young, and promoting the general cause of reli j;ion. Many who are now " rejoicing in hope," and who are pillars in the church of Christ, can look back and date their first serious impressions from such reli gious instruction. The monthly concert for prayer has been generally established, and is well at tended. It is pleasing to discover so gen eral a disposition to encourage this meet ing ; to see, throughout our churches, so great an anxiety to unite with the thou sands of Israel on the same evening, in praying for the prosperity of the Redee mers kingdom.. May the united suppli- xaiions of God's children, bring down up on his ion the blessings which they de sire. In some congregations, Bible, Tract, Missionary, Moral and Peace Societies have been instituted, and attended with success. In three or four congregations, wcielies auxiliary to the AmericanCoh laoa iety, have been established. societies auxiliary to the AmericanColoni- We are to learn, from the re- fence contained in the above renn port of our congregatio of colour have not altenIon to their; religious interest is evi dently increasing throughout our bounds. Many additions among this oass of peo ple, have been n ide to our churches du ring the past year ; many sabbath schools have been established for their religious instruction, and . many private exertions are making in families for their salvation. Some of our congregations have felt for the situation of the western Indians,- and hare done something for their civilization and spiritual 'improvement, by assisting the children at fcrainerd and Elliot. Such commendable conduct we cannot too highly applaud ; and would recom-( mend to our congregations to follow sucli benevolent examples. Surely, as far as we have opportunity, we should assist our brethren at these misssionary stations, and use our utmost exertions for the savages of the desert. - . Thus, while other parts of Christendom, in this age of christian philanthrophy, are engaged in promoting the cause of the Saviour by means of pious and be nevolent institutions, the churches within our bounds have no; been deficient; they too have engaged in the glorious work, and have established societies which God has honored and made exten sively useful I But while we are thankful for the es tablishment and success of such institu tions, we would peculiarly bless God for the outpouring of the spiiit with which he has visited rainy of our churches. Since our, last meeting,: he has been gracious to many of our cp igregations ; reviving the drooping spiiits of his children, and dis playing his power. and grace in the salva tion of sinnejfs. In trie town of llillsbo rough, considerable seriousness has .pre vailed ; many have been added to the church, and between twenty and thirty i are still under deep convictions. In the congregations of jEno and Lit-. j tie River, still greater solemnity is vissi ble; fourteen have lately joined the About sixty persons have become the subjects ol tnis revival, t ne congrega tions of Third Creek, Back Creek and Unity y have been specially visited with the influences of divine grace; fifty have lately pubhckly professed religion ; twen ty more are hopefully pious, and about thiry are. still anxiously seeking. In these congregations, the far greater part of those who were called were in the ear ly period of life, and among these many promosing young men. How cheering to see youth rising up to become useful members of the church,. whn the heads of their fathers ;are laid in the dust1 There is one circumstance connected with the revival which is worthy of attention : i . i -mt It is remarkable that the most of those U . . 1 . . . i woo, ai me uuiumeuceHieni, opposed ana ridiculed the work, were thvmseives deep ly humbled under a sense of their sins and brought low at the footstool of mercy. Great attention to religion and universal seriousness have prevailed in the congre gations of Bethany and Concord ; many persons, particularly among the young, have become the subjects ol divine grace. Forty persons have lately been admitted into the church, and a considerable num ber are still - serious. In the congrega tions of Bujfaloe "and Alamance, there is unusual solemnity 5 eight at the last com munion season jwere admitted into the church, and fifteen since that period have been hopefully converted. There is one circumstance connected with the conver sion of these persons which should be deeply impressed upon ministe rs and up on the hearts of the young : Almost all those who were here brought to a savin? knowledge olj the truth, were members of Bible Classes. These revivals were carried on without noise or tumult during public worship. Every thing like enthusiasm was discour aged. The work was deep, and often extensive; but yet a still solemnity seemed to prevail. In reviewing such scenes, pur hearts swell with the warmest gratitude to God, for the uiterest and tender care which he manifests for his Zion. YVe feel gratefui that he has not withdrawn his presence from us, but that be has visited some of our churches with copious sliuwers of divine grace, and others with the gentle drop ings of his blessed spirit. " It is the Lord's doing, and it fs marvellous in our eyes." Let us lie encouraged to still rrea- J ter exertions in this holy work ; let ev- i. 'i - 1 . . cij uc uc strained 10 action; every power of. the soiil exerted to urge forward trie cause of the Redeemer. Let what the Lord has already done increaseour exertions; let Us strive more ardent Jv to advance the kingdom of our Sa viour ; and let us not relax our exertions till every cJwTch within our bounds be visited vith the outpouring cf the spirit ; till " the wholelearth be filled with the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters co ver the great deep." In consequence of the cheering intelli- oeen negieciea Aiir ,piw rj,,. .-. . nstnat trie people pynod adopted the jllowin r. !! tf a mi ; Erst Monday in DecOmbir ne . l',1 the iur me special oiesssings with H hirfJ L has favored several congregation 2 our care, in reviving religion, and ml ing us in general the blessings r l T and in favoring us with fruitful seaJn ? ' I , ou uie oynoa aiso recommend k the churches under our r.-. ' ... Tnl above named, offer their prayers 7 mlrhty God for a sreneral reviv,i I rr nrlrifl Within mir Ibruinvfo J .1 the world. l0t wurcnes. it is stated in a IW paper that there are now secenhi t ui iJUUUC WUrSIIiO in tH3t riV., t t wo of them are incomplete arjd J0 is repanng. . f y JJHE Trustees of theNebern aL A emy announce to tj. public, the vacation terminates and that ' th quarter began on the 5th of OctobeJ Mr. Frederick Freeman, whose taC and diligence are wel' known to the com munity, will preside over the Institution' In the classical and mathematical J partments, he will be aided by Air. Dak"' iel Drew,; who has been introduced to the Trustees, under the strongest recom. mendations;. Mr. Attmore, so uniformly approved as the Teachet of the Lancas terian Department, will continue bis valu. able services. The Trustees earnestly hope, from the ability, zeal and industry bf 'the Teaphcs whom they have provided to realize the expectations of those Parents and Guardians who may intrust the edu. cation of their children and wards to the Newbern Academy. September 27th, 1821 184 2i. NOTJCE. AT the late term of Cra ve rj Court of Pleas and Quar ter Sessions, Administration onlihe estate of Francis P. Munson, late of Newbern, deceased, was grant til to the subscrjiber. All persons hafing demands pn the estate of said imes. tate art required to produce them within the time limited by the Acts of Assembly of this State, or they will be barred of recovery by the1 op eration ot said Acts debtors to the estate will please settle their ac counts without delay, Charles Stevvarf, AfmY Newbern, Sept. 15, 1821182 4fr. FOR SAKE, 5?fiO Acres of Land, five x. . . miles above Newbern, lying Vi -- . i- J be in tween Neuse arid, irent KoadL the little Pecosen. . One new House phalf Lot, In the. Town of(wbVrn lfnnwn hti- tli nnmh rs 2 88 and 289 WW mm J wrw. w K.M t : opposite John Jone Esqi Half the front oc Lot on the south side of Fr extending to the channel. rect, : A Ion - rnlf1oll M I L C II COW, For terms, which will beareff111- modatiiig, apply to , ; John R GW Newbern, July 21st, 1831 ' " ' 1 DANCING SCHOOL. MR. W. H. CLAY, respectfully in forms the Ladies and . Gentlemff of Newberji, that he intends visitingltbem in November j for the purpose ofopfn a DANCING SCHOOL in DecetolwrJ to be continued throueh the winter -Jd Mr. Clay hopes from his former acquatf tance, that he may not be disappoantfi in the patronage of the Ladies and pf -tlemen in.general He expects to attei i at Washington, in like manner. July 12th, 1821 174tt. MUSIC TUITION. THE Inhabitants of NewbernJ respectfully informed that JAM AYKROrD, rrofessor 01 , st lumenlal Music, .comeuii.- -, lishing himself in Newbern, the enauir ... 1VT i 1 T Uvr nf those SC' ces. and respectfully solicits a portion the nnhlirk oatronaee. His terms J . , r a - ja moderate. :, : . Piano Fortes and other musical in raents. varrantea to De 01 n i napthpr with everv description of V sic, can be had by leaving orders John W, Guion, Esq. N. B. Piano Fortes, &c. tune repaired by! July 28-feow tlst Nov. -175. t Jlnt-st 1
Newbern Sentinel (New Bern, N.C.)
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Oct. 13, 1821, edition 1
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