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NEWBERN, N. C- SATURDAY, OCTOBER' 27, 1821.
VOLUME IVj
MBER 188.
A
JJI'TXD AND rUBLISUED WEEKLY, BY
r PASTEUR WATSON,
M $ 3 PT annum half m a(vance
WESTERN CANAL.
ROM THE NEW-HAVEN HERALD.
There is oo subject of public in
terest which so much attracts the
attention of the Northern and Eas
tern people of the United States, as
the! Canals in the State of N. Jfork ;
and of these, the Great Western
Canal irom the city of Albany to
Lake hne, ending at or near nuru
1 )t: is tne most important.
'
whdn completed, will be from 340
to 550 miles in length y thereby
connecting the waters of Erie with
thoie of the Hudson, and thus uni
ting the navigable waters of all the
Western Lakes with the Atlantic
Ocean The shores adjoining these
lakes, are of a greater extent than
the whole of our shores on the At
lantic, from Maine to Georgia both
inclusive. On this Canal, the pro
duce of a fertile country', much grea
ter in extent than all the New-England
states, will be brought to mar
ket The object then to be accom
plished by this stupendous underta
king, is of more importance to the
Eastern, Northen and North-Wcs-tern
states, than any other ever can
be i and when executed, reflect more
honor on the enterprize and charac
ter of the State of New-York, than
cm ever be achieved by any other.
State in the Union.
One hundred and five miles of
this Canal are now completed, and
1 the water let in for public use ; be
ginning nine miles south of the vil
lage of Lftica, and ending at Monta
zama, 90 miles west of that village.
The canal is 44 feet in width and 4
in depth. The first level, be ginning
9 miles below Utica, is 69 miK
without any lock. On this Middle
Section (as it is called there are 0
locks ; of these, 7 fall, 2 rise. - The
greatest fall at any lock,' is 11 feet :
i
and the least 6 : the greatest rise is
11 1-2 feet, and the least 6 1-2.
Two basins or harbours have been
made by the village of Utica, in the
limits of the village, within which a
great number of boats can be, con
veniently accommodated, for the
purpose of taking in and discharging
the freight. At Wfiitesborough,
Oriskany, Lenox, Cauistota and
Canseraga, are similar basins. At
Chiteningo is a side-cut canal,
which runs to the turnpike road i
At Syracause, is the junction of the
aide-cut canal to Salina, bein one!
mile from the .Onondaga Salt
Springs, in which are several spa
cious basins. At the village of Ged
des, is a large basin : at Nine - mile
Creek is a lock and basin ; at a nrw j
village, called Weed's Basin, seven
aides north of Auburn, is an impor
tant basin, and a fine situation for
large village, which will no doubt
nrn v. v
ioc mlu commercial im
portance. At Bucksville s a -loclc
and basin ; and at Seneca river is
a large basin above the lock. At all
these basins, stores and dwelling hou
ses are now erecting ; and all .kinds
ot country produce, together with
silt and lumber, are there shipped
n large quantities for Utica.
Oa this Middle f u-
ynal, the deepest cut into the earth
l leet, and the highest embark
ttent, 36. There are aqueduct brid
E constructed of well wrought
tone into arches, which carry t&e
. ers of the Canal from 20 to Sc
ft above the level of the stream
hich pass under it. These are at
a3ame speciraensof wormanshTp
. "ought to be here noticed, tha:
13 letting the locks and other stoat
h connetsed with 'water, the
Ullrs have used what is callec
JJter Ume, which petrifies and har.
Q-ns under wateV lime, which petri.
"uke of Bridgewater':
ni hme U found adjace
".a uuuli iv din . I inr
y .
Mil a great abundance, and may
. www sj ICil
It is,impossible for the writer to
state the number and size of the mar
ket boats now in use, yet he can as
sert, ihat there are many constantly
i passing & repassi- g up and dwn the
cannl 1 here are 2 pa' ket boats, the
Montezuma and Ontid i Chief? own
ed b the Erie Canal Navigation
Cooyany, (incorporated.)
fiese boa's are 77 feet in. length,
and 13 in width ; are each naviga
ted by 7 hands, viz : a captain, 2
helnisrqen, 1 townsman, a steward, a
cabin .boy and cook; and are em
ployed exclusively ior the convey
ance of passengers. The forward
rhh is used for lodcriners. and is
h:nil omelv furnished tiff with 12
births, ea h having a good bed oi
. - -
f matrass, and even-suitable accom-
i . . .
,nod .lion. Next, and in the centre-
1ST a uming cauiu, io icci uy x,
where 25 passengers can be conven
iently seated at the table ; and on
the side of this cabin are settees, so
that, with these and matrasses, good
lodgings for 30 cjn be had. More
trrn this number cannot be well ac
commodated in their boats, Next
to this cabin is a gangway and bar,
which are rented to the ster ,rd at
g250 for the season ; at which bar,
ptsseugers are furnished with as
good refreshments as can be had
pn bourd of our steam boats, :nd at
as cheup a rate. Next aud back of
this, is a kitchen, wi h all the cok
iyg apparatus, and lodgings for the
crew.
These boats are druvn each by
t.vo h- rses, bv means of a ow rope
from G to, 7 rods in leugth ; the
bor cs are h.rnes:tid tandem, with
asm 11 rider on the hind horsr, and
are exchanged every 8 miles. Each
if thrse b ats pass up and down
diis section of the canal every da
jtSuid:ys excepted.) The fare of
ussengets is i ceuu ptr mile, and
mclude.s every-expense, except such
ir. miv be vola uarily incurred at
the b.ir. The tables are ivell furnish
ed and every attention is shewn to
iiassengers, so a3 to render tru-m per
fectly satisfied with their accommo
datL)n. The average number of
passengers in these boats, for thb
Season, thu far, has been about 20
each trip up and down.
I These boats pass and repass night
and day o that, although they are
prohibited a greater headway than 5
ikius in each hou , yet inthe course
;)f 24 hours the progress is as great
as th ,t of our best stages.
The tow p3rth on the canal is about
3 fee.1 ib ve the level of the water,
aboiu ten feet in width, and is made
hard bv eravel. ' '
Wh-a two boats meet, "each is by
law required to turn to the right;
and the horses drawing these boats
are obliged to turn to .the left ; o
that the horses which turn off from
the tow-path,, must-stop as they
come abreast of4 the other horses ;
the-boat being unde.rheadwa cau
ses the tow rope to fall slack under
water and in this situation,' the
boat next to the tow-path fosses 'di
rectly over the rppe 6,slaked,: and
both proceed without ny detention,
and wjthout any casting off or hitch
ing to. In',pissingrthe locks, wbeth
tr the. boats ascend or descend . the
detention at each will not exceed 4
minutes. v -
In these boats, travellers are re
galed by -viewing arternatelthe Hch
est productions of cuftivated earth,
and the rudest display of forest's,
hills, morasses and js warrips ; which
together with the f apidity: and i ease
of their passage, makes the whole a
delightful stretch of scenery, highly
interesting to all who have never be
fore witnessed any thing of the kind.
The . canal from Montezuma to
Rochester, on the Genessee river,
is underatoood to be in great for--wardness
; that from Utica to the
Little- Falls on the Mohawk, is fin
ished, and the water thus far will be
let in next fall ; and the remainder J
These packet boats, as toll, pay
five dollars for each passage, making
60 dollars 'per week.; vlMarket boats
pay toll on their freight, at the toll
or custom house on the canal ; of
which; on this Middle Section, there
down the river tq the city of Scheu-
ectady, a distance of about 70 miles,
will be completed in the autumn, but
the wateri will not be let in until next
spring; andrfrom the best infor
mation which could be obtained, the
whole will be completed within two
years from next November. Thus
the state of New-York will then have
effected and completed that whi h
will redoimd more to her honor,
than any thing which she has ever
before accomplished, and than has
been done by any other state in the
Union. She has, as it were, con
nected two empires. Those only
who b'-st know the great extent and
interest of the new world, and that
s connected with this canal, can du
ly appreciate the importance of this
stupendous work.
! A TRAVELLER.
FROM ACKEIIMAN7S REPOSITORY.
DESCRIPTION OF THS GREAT
FLAGUE IN 1665.
By Thomas Vincent an eye-witness.
It was in the beginning of the )fea
of our Lord 1665 that the plague be
gan in our chy; of London, after we
Were warned by the great plague in
Holland, in the year 1664, and the
beginning of it in some remote parts
of our land in the same year ; not
to speak any thing whether there
was any signification and influence
in the blazing stary not long before
that appeared in the vievr qf Lon
don, and struck some amazement
upon the spirits of many, . It was
in the month of May that the plague
was first taken notice of; our bill
of mortality let us know of but three
which died of the disease the whole
year before ; but in the beginning
of May, the bill tells us of nine whicn
tell by the plague, just in the heart
of the city ; the other eight in the
suburbs. This was the first arrow
of warningshot fromheaven amongst
us, and itrar quickly begias u creep
upon the people's hearts , great
tnoughts and discourse as in to.wxt
aoout the piague, ana they cast in
their minds whether they should go
it the plague should increase. Yet,
when the next week's bill signifieth
to them the decrease .from .9 to 3,
there minds are something appea
sed ; discourse of that subject cools;
fears are hushed, and hopes take
place that the black cloud did but
tbreateh, and give a few drops, but
the wind would drive it aray. But,
then, in the next bill the number of
the dead by the plague is mounted
from 3 to ; 13 and in the next to 17,
and in the next to 43, and the dis
ease begins so much to increase and
disperse, j -
In June, the number increaseth
from 63 to 112, the next week to
168, the next to 267, the next to 470,
mast of which increase was in the
remote parts few in this nionth
.within or.tiear the walls of the city j
and Jew that had any note for good
jiess or profession, were visited at
4tst. God gavej them warning io
bethinkand prepare themselves yet
some fewlthat.were choice were vis
ited pretty soon, that the best might
promise to themselves a supersedas,
or interpret any place of Scripture !
so literally as u tne lora naa promis
ed' an absolute ' general immunity
and defence, of his own people from
this disease of the plague.
Now, the-citizens of Londoa are
put a stoptoln the carrier career of
-their- trade ; they begin to fear
whom they converse withal, and deal
withal, lest they should come out of
infected places, Roses snd other
sweet flowers wither in the gardens,
are disregarded in the markets, and
people dare not qffer to their noses,
lest, with their sweet savour, that
which is infectious should be attrac
ted ; rue and wormwood are taken
into the hand : myrrh and zeadory
into the mouth ; and without some
antidote few stir abroad in the mor
ning. " Now many houses are shut
up where the plague comes, and the
inhabitants shut in, lest coming a
broad, they shouldspread Infection,
It was very dismal to behold hc
red crosses, and read, in i great
letters, Lbrd have mercy rup6r$i&
uu me , uuuio, auu wdiuuaca
standing before them with nil-
berts, and such: a solitude about
these plac e 3 v'and people passing by
them so gingerly, and with such fear-
ful looks, as if-they had been lined
with enemies in ambush, that wait
tCiS tC .e&,trQr thera-
Nowf rich tradesmen provide them-
selves; to depart ; if they have not
country-houses, they seek lodgings
abroad for themselves and families:
md the porrer tradesman, that they
may imitate.the rich in their fear,
;"vlT "v"UJl,,l-a VKM ww awjuuir
journey, though they have scarce
wnerewuna) to Dnng them back a-
gain.! I he ministers also many of
them take occasion to go to their
country places, for the summer time,
leaving the greatest part of their
flack without food or physic in the
time of their greatest need.
In July the plague increaseth and
prevaiitth exceedingly; the num
ber 470 which died in one week by
the disease, ariseth to 725 the next
week to 1089 the next, to 1843 the
next, j to 2010 the next, Nowethe
plague compisseth the ciry like a
flood,; and poureth in upon It. No w
most parishes are infected both
without and within; yea, there are
not so many houses shut up bv the
plague as by the owners forsaking
. .
of them for the fear of it ; and tho.
the inhabitants be so exceedingly
decreased by the departure of so
many thousands; yet the number of
dying persons doth increase fearful
ly.. Now the counties keep guards,
lest infectious persons shoulJ, from
the city,, bring the disease unto
them ; most of the rich are now
gone,' and the middle sort will not
stay behind; but the poor are for
ced, through poverty, to stay and
abide: the stonn. 1
In -August how dreadful is the in
creasM Fiom 2010, the number
amounts to 2817 in one week, and
thence to 3380 the next; thence to
4237 the next ; thence to 6102 the
the next ; and all of these of the
plague, besides oiher diseases.
Now, the cloud is very black, and
the storm cornel down upon us very
sharp. Now death ride triumph
antly; on his pale horse through pur
streets, and breaks into every house
almost where any inhabitants are to
be found. Now people fall as thick
as the leaves from the trees in au
tumhj when they are shaken by a
mighty wind. Now there is a dis
mal solitude in London streets ; ev
ery day looks with the face of a Sab- J
bath-day, observed with greater
solemnity than it used to be in tie
city. Now shops are shut in;, peo
ple rare, and very few that walk a
boutj; inasmuch as the grass begins
to spring up in some places, and a
deepisiisnce almost in every phce,
especially within the walls; no rat
tlingjcoaches, no prancing horse?,
no calling in customers, nor offer
ing wares; no London cries soun
ding in the ears j if any voice e
heard, it is the groans of dying per
sons, breathing fbrth their last, and
the fpneral knells of them that are
ready to be carried to their graves.
Now shutting up of visited houses
(tne re peing so many is at cuu, im
robstj of the well are mingled among
the sick, which otherwise would
havp crnt no hein. -H
Now we could hardly go forth but
we should meet many coffins, and
see many with sores limping in the
streets ;' amongst other sad specta
cles,; methought two were very af
flict ing I one of a woman coming a
lone and weeping, by the door
where I lived (which was in the
midst of the infection.) with a little
coffin under herarm, carrying it to
the churth-yard; I did judge that
it was the mother of the child, and
that all the family was dead, and she
was forced to coffin up and burry,
with! her own hands, this her last
dead child. Another was of a man
at the corner of the Artillery wall,
that,! as I judge, though the dizzi
ness !bf his head which seized upon
him there, had dashed his fade a-
crainst the wall, and-when I ame by,
be Ja fcafltging with hU&9dy 'fite
over the rails, ond bleeding upon the
aground ; and as I came back he was
rcmoveu unaer a tree in iioorncia
and lay upon his back ; I went ami
spake to him ; he-could make me
no answer, but rattled in the throat,
. and, as I was informed, within half
an hour died in ihat place. !
J Now the 1 plague ' had ! broken in
much amongst my, acquaintance, &)
of about 16 br more whose faces JL
! used to see' every day iu bur house,
within a little I could find but 4. or
; q Qf them alive ; scarcely a day past
: over ray head, for, I think, a mouth
' or more together, but I should hear
,Q tne ueatnTot some one or more
that Iknew
the first day that
thevweresmitten. the next day some
f hones of recoverv. aod the third day
- 1 r .1 ' . ' r
that they were dead.
The September,' when we hoped
for a decrease, because of thi sea
son, because of the 'number gone,
and the number already dead ; yet
it was not comedo its height , but!
from 6102, which died by the plagtie ;
the last week in August, the num
ber is amounted to 6988 the first
week of September ; and when we
conceived some little hopes in the
next week's abatement to 6544, our
hopes were quite dashed Again,' when
the next week it did rise to" 7165,
which was the fhighest bill,, aid a
dreadful bill it was 1 And of the 130
parishes in and ab;ve the city, there
were but four parishes, which' were !
noCinfected, and in those, few peov
pie remaining that were not gone in i
to the country. ;
From 7165, which died of the
plague in one week, there is a de
crease to 5538 the next, which was
the latter end of September; the
next week a farther decrease to
4929, the next to 4327, the next to
2665,f the next to 1421 the next to
1031 ; then there was an increase
the first week in November to 1414,
but it feel the week ajier to 1050,
and the week after to 652, and the
week after to 333, and so lessened
more and more to the end of the
year, when we had a bill of 9r306,
which died of all diseases, which was
ah increase of 79,000 over what it ,
was the year before ;i and the num'
ber of them which died bv the
plague,wa8 reckoned to be 68,566 this
year; when there were but six which
the bill speaks of, tfho died the year. 1
before. ii
LETTERS, RELATIVE TO THE
SISTER OF BONAPARTE.
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, . ARIS, AUGUST; 12. '
The Princess Borghese, Bona
parte's sister, long solicited the
British Government for leave to joiu
her brother at St .Helei.a. She ob
tained permission, and was making
the necessary praperations fr .the
voyage when she was informed of
BoDaparte's death."- M Bonavira
the; priest, who left .St. "Helena in
May last, has transmitted to this
Princess the following letters, to
which the spirit of party endeavours
to give Importance j
Count de Montholon t o N the Prince,
1 Borghese, at Route.
' Madame, Napoleon has char
mH me totrive vou an"acc unt ol his
health. The malady in his liver,
which attacked him many years ago,
andjwhich is mortal in thisjclimate,
has in the course of six weeks irnde
a frightful progress; The j amelio
ration produced by the care of .Dr.
Antomarchi has not continued, and
many relapses take plact during the
concludir.g six months of last yeir ;
and the disease renders him weaker
everyday' Napoleon is extremely
feeble, and can scarce support hlf
an hoiirs ride in a carriage with the
horses walking. He can just walk
in his chamber without assistance.
To his liver complaint i added a
rfcther disoVder which belongs to
this climatehis intestines are
strongly attacked his digestive or
gans n6 longer fulfil their func?iori,
and his! stomach rejects all wKirh it
receives, for some time Napclein
has eaten neither meat ' nor. ; brea J,
vigctfblci h Hre bat upon
are two j
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