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n n , i . . i I I i i - m nji , .... i jjjijj ' - " . ' ' ' "J '' '' ' ' - . - ' -1, 1 ' " ' -' ' V h - - , . ' - ' . 1 . VOLUME IV '-. NEWBERN N.: C. SAtEURD "JANUARY 26, J 622. NUMBER 201. ! . - 1 a ' VXSTEVR WATSON", t 3 pr annum ha!fs in advance. CONGIICSS. HO ADS AND CANALS. Repirt of the Cnmiu'ttee on Roads and Canals, in the Umse of Representa tives, Jit. 2, 1 322. Accompanying the l:il vow pending in that House. The 7oha rait tee on Roads and Canals Thai they have considered the gene ra! s'jhject 'submitted to their charge, aiid iUh the siieciilc objects of internal im- pruvtnents which .have been reerred to In relation ' to the subject, under its e'ncnl heil, they believe it will not be extroverted, that, 'after the formation of a U'oc J government, it is the n?xt inter est 01 a nation to adopt such a system of internal policy as will enable the! peo- r,!. to enioy, as soon as practicable, all lii n itural advantages belonging to the country in which they live. Labor is juidv considered to be the wealth , of a nation; productions of every descrip tion, and afl things valuable, are pniduc-' f d by it : and the whole operation of sority of people, as regards their politi- ci! economy and social intercourse, con sols in obtaining what are usually called first materials j in the conversion and fisliioning cf these for use ; and the tran $prtation of tlie.raw or mariifacturad ar ticles to the places where tii?v are finally rl 1 . . .. ... wi iteti. 1 ue transportation necessarily f.r;!is a heavy charge on thv food of la bor, and, 11 projorti"ii to the reduction cl tlie labor,, in this respect, will btf the C tin of a n itioii, as the pa.t saved can b' employed tu advantage in other ob- I lie great extension of our . territory. a:i'J its various latitudes, abounding in almost every species of products, will al ways render the expense of transporta tion an object of great national impor tance. Although artificial works may not, for a nhiie,' afford a profit to the undertakers, suit thev will be beneficial to the commu- r.iiy at large, not only by the increaseil value they will give to productions, at a distance t'rom market, but, also" by an increase in the quantity of productions, in coneq-jence of the additional excitemei:. to enterprize, and the general diffusion of industry. The utility of good roads and canals his ben tested by long experience in !ht-r countries. In China, it is said, thai, ty means of their water carriage, their honiem irket is nearlyequal to the whole matktiin Europe. Satisfactory evidence cl the immense advantages to be derived frowi canals, is likewise furnished from a!avi;t every pa. t of Eirope, and p iriicu- I irly m Knland, where they have be. n t tf";n!'... within tlit laf fifltr ' vpare in j ....... - .mm, j " every direction, supplying: the demands of o.i place by the resources of another and sa extensively spreading industry, as. to enable thtm to supply, their own wants, 2l to famish vast exports to exchange for the Health of other countries. 11 mut be a source of gratilicati n to wery American, when he reflects that ci own country possesses advantages, in lais respect not inferior to t(iat of any o:lpr on the globe ; and that: there is presents l.isher inducements fcr the lesulative aid of its councils, or 'uere there is a rrreater certainty 'of be- a? repaid for any expenses whicbtheir Pa'rmtisin may l)estow. 1'ro n a .veil regulated system of in fcr id commerce in the United States by l-meaii4 af nn,. l r..i l n.i ..k, ik . . V.-..JCI ut-uces may ue expeciea ,- , Ve fujoy almost every variety 4 ,I,1,;,f and possess populous cities condensed settlements, as well as T rct$ of country thinly inhabited.-- f-'ohr trade in the exchange of raan ,ctlrfd .uiicles for ra-v materials would A? PtaCe. ami lllP nIlOik VVill.l raraiuu fc-.. ' - - - " - - r.. V 11 "self, the'whole benefit that is ) gained between: old. and new ' 'w. It is admitted by the ablest ft on political economy, that the 'mportaut branch of the. commerce ji3.v nation $ that which is carried on tWa l',e mnbitants of the town, and a. Vflecuntry: customers become Tainted iu, each other, and less risk f-nerallv hicm red. , an abo esseniial to the prosperity of haT 10 06131,1 SJ1 the labor it can 'cfH !lnen'bm.; and. as 11 composed Via?-"' Ping va'rious talents and iaent . . every reasonable encourage- t W LTVen to pnrh hranrh Siven to each branch of national industry, as a means o into' activity the different qualifica I men; :and besides, from a freq I intercourse among the citizenr ! different Darts of the country J close and Drontaoie connexions wouio oe lormeo. which would nave.a tendency to produce harmony, and affections that (would add to the safety of the Union : -Ithef people wonld reap great benefits from a stability - - in their affairs, as a judicious system of engaged irV the grand object of connec intetnal commerce would create a cer- ting the SusquehahnaK, with the Schuyl tain proportion, or level, in all the depart- kill, by the' Union canntl. Maryland has menls of industry that 1 could !not be rea- made expensive roads in many direct dilv'ilisturbed by the wars and vfcisitudes tions, for the accommodation of her citi- ' of other powers. From changes of this description, over which we had no con- trol, this country, in several instances, has experienced shocks, and sustained losses, which would far exceed fas it is rbacruiahlo In rnnirtiirt lh i or t z. i.uavwv. - - j .--- nehse necessary, 011 the part of the eene- ral government, for the completion of such artificial roads and canals, and im- provement m ners, as would satisfy, in this respectj all the real exigencies of the country. i Among the many objects of improve ments in inland n-it igatiou, some aie limited and withio the means of individ- ual and stale euiernrize: others are of a rl.nrnrrer t.i.i pxtpusive. their. nrndortive- cuaracier 100 f.it:iisive, incir-piuuutuve- ness depending on improvements tp be nnt'e in diffcTent states, at great distau- ces from each other. The great tand im- j portaot line of inland communication con- temjdated along the Atlantic coast, would be beneficial, in various degrees', to more than one half the states in the Onion ; vet no one or two states would have suf ficient inducements to lurniii the iu ces- tsary means for the completion of any of its parts; nor r u! I n union f .sentiment be scarcely expected, among the states thrcn.'h which it wuuld pnss, as to th particular routes, ur mo..ca vi execuuou. Such objects are great and national, re quiring one general ".td, and, conse quently, the aid of the general govern ment is rendered indispensable, I as wen as regards the funds to be furnished as the facility of execution. Objects of such transcendaut importance tothe wel fare and defence of the nation must, be perfected by'Hfie general government, or their perfection can scarcely ever be ex pected Had we waited for the! joint a- gency of states, more than an age would have passed before we should have seen a road constructed by the union of states, equal, in national design and costliness, to tne road from Cumberland to j Whee ling. Objects on the large scale of na tional benefit are creatures of thej Union, the scope md views of state authority be- in local in tneir nature. j The committee 'will further observe, that, antecedent to the existence I of the general government, several states could ; not have pertected an object of this kind, without enterinT into some understanding or compact io the nature of a treaty, in the character of independent states ; but serious doubts rtiny now exist on the sub ject ; as'sWltsaie not allowed, by the ; constitution, to enter into any agreement or compact with earh oilier, it will at least be difficult to say how such a j power can be exercised by the slates, which could be enforced, unless by corporations, in perpetuiiy, or by the consent of Con gress. . The committee will not undertake to make researches into the history of the rie and progress of canals and internal improvements in ancit nt or modern limes, j in foreign count) i-s ; bu: tr.e tr.iK aii agreeable one, to pursue, even partially, the public spirit tint has prevail 'd.-on ti,is stibjectjn many oi i4ie states. Tl he(worfs that have already ben contniTpd'-;are so many evidences f tte opiato.i of toe people in favor of their utility beyond their expense, . and fr-iarihem mnh e:x jH?iience has been derived, as to skill and economy, that will be Very useful here after. Their influence should operate as a' persuisiye inducement to the general governmenxy to begin her own 1 great work for her own benefit. g j -1 As to most of the improvements that were perfected prior to 1808, the! com mittee will refer the house to a Heuort of the Secretary of the Treasury, datd the 4th of April of that year. This plain and valuable document contains more in formation on the subject in general than is to be found any w lie re else. Since that jteriod, great efforts have Been made to ward .internal improvements, but the committee do not possess' an accurate knowledge as to their extent, and even if they were to embrace ail the public- im provements fthat are within their recol lection, it wuuld too rauch'enlarge this report ; a few objects will therefore be selected. j . In Massachusetts, a magnificent work nr iLim. SI uri f li nn rroro in dam, a mile length, has been constructed, to connect the town of-Boston with the main land, recalling' at an expense of nboat six hand red thou- Jfct of pensioners, shall lurnish evidence, ches square, four dollars.pei' thousand; tioris of sand dollars- Ah allusion need only be in pursuance of the provision of $aid act, . over sixteen and not exceeding i twenty uency of maile lo thepatriotic and lauJable ijtfarts to satisfy: the Secretary o y,ar that he s four inches square, six dollars per thou- living in of the state of New-1 ork, as to grandeur it siich indigent circuimtances as to-be .sand. : ... - . I in the designs J and I the executions of so ereat a narr 01 ineir immense nnieri:i a . . ... kings " Pennsylvania has made great ad. vances in the construction of permanent bridges over her lare"' rivers,' and in the making of artificial roads ; 'and is "now zens, ana to bring trade to her capual. V irgmia. 111 ISIO, enacteda law. creatin a'bpard of poblic work'With power ta appoint engineers and surveyors, and also, creating a Amd to-W npiilied exrlnive'y lo ih rptt.-l.'rin:r nJvi r.i'. and ' uoiiin r - - - a 3, by canals the principal rivers, and more ; Jntimati !v connectinff. 'h'r ;:mpi of ph- flic higiivvays, the ditferent parts pi mo commonwealth. North Carolina has made many expensive Unipiovements in roads and canals. In 'the state of Geor gia, it appears, from official documents, j that one hundred "and. eighty-nine thou j sand. "dollars have lately been expended in J i pub'i imrjrovemttnts, besides one hun- mcu iiiuusauu. uuiiurs 101 ucc jtnwu. j In the state of Tennessee, theieeTsJature has unanimously appropriated five hun- died thfiiwanrl Hullam for free schools. dfed thousand doll irs for the purpose of laipiovi.i intf.iiaviuUon ol me rivers in the state. : - . - Public examples need not, at present, be farther traced.. The national objects, which, in the opinion of the counulltee, claim the first attention of government, are, . T!j great .line of canals, : from .the harbor of Boston to the south, along the Atlantic sa const. . 2. A road iroui the city of Washing ton to that of New-Orleans. 3. Canals to connect the waters of the Ohio, above, with those below, the falls, . . . - at Louisville; Lake Erie with the Ohio river; and ihe tide waters of the I oto- mac, with the same stream at cumner- Iand. 4. Communications between the Su quehannah and the rivers Seneca and Genessee, which empty into lake Ontario. 5. Communications .between, the "Ten- nesseee and Savannah, and between the i Tennessee, Alabama, and Tom beck bee, rivers.. , -.'r ' Fdr the more particular information, relating to these objects, and for their magnitude, and the 'many -and' high ad vantages which they would produce to the iUnion. either in times of war or peac, the Home are referred' to the n bove report of the' Secretary of the Trea sury and to the very interesting and convincing report of th.' Spcre'nry of War, dated January 7th, 18f 9, which re ports the committee beg may be annexed to their present report. As to some of the objects mentioned, or parts of them, it wilPbe important, previous to the com mencement of anygeneral system, to form the basis of it upon tlje best infor mation that can be contained by scientific men ; the committee, therefore, beg leave to report a bill, entitled " An act 10 pro cure the necessary .surveys, plrfns, and estimates, on thp subject "f ronds, and es tima;es, oil the suujcci oi roaus Uud cu nals. 7 i . i The, committee will make separate re ports on the subject' of the-Chesepeake aid Delaware cai:;d, aodhthe other ot jecrs iciericd lo iheni. ' IOUSC OP RLl-iiENTATiVES. T?rsJ '.y, J.n. 15. Mr. Cocke, from the Committee on Revolutionary Pensions, reported a bill supplementary to the act t' pioyide for certain persons eng iceti in the lapd and naval service in the, United -States in the Revolutionary VVarf-which till is in the following words, viz: ,v A BILL supplementary to the acts t provide for certain persons engaged in the'land and naval service of the Uni ted States in the Revolutionary War. lie it enacted by the Senate ami House of Representatives of the United tates of America in Congress assembled? That the Secretary of War be authorized, and Ire is hereby. authorized arid required, to restore to the list of pensioners the name of any person - who may have been, or hereafter shall be, stricken therefrom, in pursuance vf the act of Congress, passed the first day. of May one thousand eight hundred and twenty., entitled Anjxct in addition to an act, entitled An act to provide for, certain 'persons engaged in the land and naval service of the United States in the Revolutionary War, passed the eighteenth day of March, one thou sand eight hundred and eighteen,77 when ever such person, so stricken from the unable to support himself without the as sisiaoce, ui nis coonirv. ,Sec. 2. Aitil.be it further en arte J, That, when any person, coming within the pro visions of the acts to which this is supple mentary, shall, by reasc n of ' bodily ihfirmiiy, be unable to at end in court to make diis 'schedule and furnish the evi deuce by said acts Tequiretl, if shall he lawful for any judge of a Court of record, in the district, city, county, or boroUifli, iif which such person resid s, tojattend at lite place of abode, and receive his sched- 1 ' " m " " - u- anct owui; or mrniatin ; and said i ju ige slnli certify that said! applicant was, frm boiiiiy j iiuirmitr, unible to attend ' s?ci court, Which schedule i. 1-1 f affirmation j and certifiraie,. snail uv said I II. - 4 ??rlre be produced in the court of which ; jadge, and the opinion of said court or inefcvai;ie 01 ,iue property contained in sanfr schedule, shall be entered thereon, and certified by the clerk jf said court; and such schedule shall be valid for all thel)urposes contemplated by the said acts aforesaid. Sec. 3. Aid be it further enacted, Tbnt . 1 o- -1 J schedules than those hereto j y the -same applicants, sh pensions granted upon other and jdiureilt ore exiiihited Ml commence from the time such schedules shall be 1 filed? The bid was twice read and committed MR. BALDWtN RESOLUTIONS, Now before the House of Re rresentatives. ResoiVcd, That it is expedient to pro vide by law,, that from and $ tier the thir tieth llay of June next, the ame', rates of duties which are, by the exis!ing laws, now laid on goods, wares, diid merchan dize, composed of any specified material, or of which any specified article is the material of chief value, shall jbo iaid on all goods, wareSj and merchantiizt;, whereof j any such specified article shall be a cont ponent m:it i ;al. 1 hat, to ihe eXistiUti, rates of tlutles upon gooas, ware?, and merchandize, (glass exrepted,) t'lere shall be added the amount of audi bounty of bounties as, on tlie exportation thereof, m.iy be given, i i . paid or allowed, in the placn or country jn which any bounty prejnium, in the nature thereof, may be givehl paid, or ill lowed, o.i the exportation of similar arti cles, which shall be ascertained and cal culated in such manner, and under such j rules and! regulations, as the Secretary of j the Treasury shall,; from time to time, prescnoe. rhat all and singular the provisions of the 4 ist section of the act, entitled 6 An act to provide more effectually for the collection of ihe duties imposed by law on goods, wares, and merchandise imported into the U. States, and on the tonnage of ships and vessels -approved 'the fourth of be and the s imeare hereby, Revived and continued in force, as if the same was herein; specially enacted, reducing the custom house credits; to tne t by the law of one thousand sev me limited en hundred and oiiu i v. ; i , I'hat there shall be levied aid paid up on thf f!'.-'vr"7 l's irnio, ed into iit; o i!v 4 )talcj io aii'.s of vessels or the United States, the several in after mentioned, v i .i.-.J l ities here- uoove the duties now payaMe bv law, vi : Oii iror. in hnrs o; ivtih:, iiiiy cents. holts, .' hundred On hemp, per hundred wteight, one dollar. Ou'lead, and all manufactures thereof, per pound two cents. .On glass, of all kinds, sixj cents per pound. - I j : On all articles paying a tiaiy of seven and a half per cent, and twenty per cent; ad valorem, and on all article not free, and not subject t. any other rt te of Juiy (taw silk excepted; Lve per centum ad valorem. x! ! Oif all manufactures of silk, or of which! silk is a component material, (raw silks (excepted,) fifteen " per ceuluui aoT valorem. On linen, and all articles of which flax is a component material, ten per centum ad valorem. J That the duties now in forc$ upon the articles liereih after enumerated and de scribed, at their importation intplhe Uni ted States, shall cease; and that, in lieu thereof, there shall be thencefcrth, laid, levied jand collected, upon the said arti cles, af their importation, the several and respective rates of duties following, that is to say r ! On slates and tiles for building, not exceeding twelve inches square! two dol lars per thousand ; over twelye inches square, and not exceeding fourteen inches square, three uonars per tnousana; over fourteen, and cot exceeding sixteen in- On bricks, three dollars per thousand. x n all royal, siper-royal imperial, ele phant, medium, cfemy, crown, folio, quar to post, tap, and post paper, suitftble'for writing, or bhink books, and all drawing and copper plate paper, twenty cents per .pound, j " " Or. all paper suitable for staining and for printing, twelve cents per pound. : On all other paper, two cents per pound. '; ' ' " " On screws of iron, comn.only called wood screws, not exceeding one inch in length, eight cents per groce; over ono inch, and nof exceeding two inches in length, fourteen cents pvr gioce; pver two inches in length,' twenty cents per groce. . i . On linseed oil, twenty-five cents ;per pouud. ! - liesolved, That the Committee on Manufactures be instructed to report a bill pursuant to the foregoing resolution. F rom the Rational Intelligencer. Some allusion having been made, by a correspondent of the Richmond .Enqui rer, and appearing in that ptiht, to a pri vate letter from the Secretary of. State to the Vice President of the Ignited States, n copy of that letter is herewith end. ed, which, if you think it relating to a sub ject of sufficient interest to the public lo deserve a place in your paper, you aro at liberty to publish. Washington, 15th Jati. 1822. Washington, Dec 291821. !' The Vice President of thl U. S. " Dear Sir: It has been suggested to me, that some of the members of the Sen ate, entertaining the opinion that a tor- ' mal visit in person or by card is due from each of the Executive Departments, at the .commencement of every session of Congress, to every Senator upon hisarrU val at tlie seat of government, have con sidered the. omission on my part, to pay' such visits, as the wjthholding from them a proper n)arkroTrespect, or even ut im-' plying a pretension to exact such a f.ir nfality from theni: .. .Disclaiming eery such pretension and every such .claim on my part, 1 take the libe ty of submitting to you the following explanation oi the mod ves which have governed my conduct in relation to this subject : ' I have invariably considered the irov- ernment of the-United States, as a gov ernment for the transaction of business, and that no ceremonial for the mode or. order of interchanging vi'm'Is between the persons belonging lo the respective de partments in it had ever been established. I was myself five years a member of the Senate, and at four of the five sessions of Congress, which I attenJed, was accom panied at this place by my vvlfe. - Du ring that time,M never once received a first visit from any one of the Heads of , Uepariments, nor did my wife ever re ceive a first viiii from any one of their ladies, except perffaps once, when she was. sick, from Mrs. Madison. Ve al ways called npon them soon after our ar- rival at Washingtonnot from any opin- ' ion luui u was an ouiigauon ol duty, but because we understood and believed it to be usual, and because we did not think it improper. We made an exception, after ' me uisi sessjun, wun regaru to iir. ual laiiu, vl?o, never having returned my first visit, was supposed not to incline to ' that sort of intercourse with us. NVhen i came to reside at this 'place, two years since, I was under the impres sion that the usages, with regard to visi ting, were, asjl had known and practised them len years before, that, as a member of the administration, i had no sort of claim to a first visit from any member of, either house of Congress; but that neither had; any member of Congress any claim, to a first visit from me that the inter change and order of visits was entirely . optional on both sides, and that no rule of etiqut-tte whatsoever existed, which re quired that either party should py the firf visit, or indeed any visit, to the other. In tlie course of the winter of 1817 18 two members of the Senate, for both of whom I entertained the highest respect, anditrr one o"f whom I bad ibe pleasure of Bitting several years in the Senate, cal led at my office, and informed me tht 5 there was a minute of a rule agreed upon, not officially, but privately, by the mem bers of the Senate of the first Congress, that the Senators of, the United Status s paid tl?e first visit to no person txeept the President of the United Stores- - -served to them, that, as during five years l. service as a Senator, I bad never seen or hear j bf this rule1 could hardly consider Jt jw been much obscned J ' tbtt I i : . . : '!; i ' I ! i 0 . 'S s A . ' T li 1 i
Newbern Sentinel (New Bern, N.C.)
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Jan. 26, 1822, edition 1
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