i
NEWBERN; N: C.-3ATURDAY,; OCTOBER 14, 1826. IV :
PUBLISHED WEEKLY,-BT J
MP pfr annum half payable Jn advance.
LABOR ANDiUBSiSTENiCE.
Extracts from an orti i":,
JiM' Rtgtsttr, vnatr me jaoovc uitc. , , t
Every kind of taxation which hu
man ingenuity has deised,icept a
lax upon mcoint- wuitu,. u i u"
operated as a reduction of the interest
on the public dtbt without the consent
of the creditors,) let it be called by
what name it may, and be direct or
indirect, has its base on labor; and
must be ultimately paid by the profiti
or savings of the ' laboring 1 classes.
There is no other way by which taxes
-j a t; ni.
can ue paiu. ,uy y., js''." 4
L-. nJn.nrn,rP:W nobles, or of
capitalists would; instantecome ers consnme
a nation of cannibaliUng one ancrOown producon than BriUsh
Lr, provided they couldnot sedacirers are allowed to c)o. But this
or force the people of somether na-ilh be examined in another . place,
ticn to laboi fbrthem. - The root of S?; inucbfor genmlj m
all Value is pfoductionwhether it be stitutioiis of the to , countries. ; ; n
to cultivate .the fearthV that it -inay A f f -....v .
yield its crops of grain for bur food, "AlWe have heard much about the
to make garments or to build houses cheapness of labor in England md
to preserve us against the inclemency ( so it sometimes hath seemed, to be ;
of the seasons, or to do whatever else ! but it Was the cheapness of production,
may be needful to obtain a5nd possess ; uiirough scientific power, or the
the things indispensable pi convenient : cheapness of subsistence, reduced to
to life whether so rendered by'na-j jJPj balfa pint:' of oat-meal per man,
lure or custom; ' il" ' per; day !" - The reader will please
.u Itil-' mA M-cLml to examine for himself the mighty:
To pursue these principles and bring figures 4. s . . L . r . . i 1
to act upon them.' 1 According to Colquhoun, cjlStltlCtlonS. that grow OUt Ol these
the gros poputatiott of Great,Britain and Ire- suggestions; i The fact is that labor
-fSSlSZ cheaper in' the States than, itf
20,000,000. The principal items ot rfrenae :
to the govelmment, or of payments bjr the peo
ple, annually, may be areragea tnus; (
Customs, excise, stamps, land and v; r:
other taxes 1 v 760,000.000
Poor rates and other forced chart-
tits . ....i'v'v 10,000,000
Church establishment, (including
8,000,000
: Other f atet 'end public? 4ue exciusiFe of
laxes and , assessments,' leried by corporate
cities and towns, for local purposes; will swell
the amount- to more tlian seventy millions of
pounds sterling, or 310,000,000 dollars!
-. It is estimated that one' fifth of the popula
tion of a country are males, Capable of .bearing
arms and this proportion maybe assumed as
the quantity capable "of doing labor as men.
We then have 4,000,000 of these in Great Bri
tain and Ireland, subject however, to the fol
lowing reductionsbased on Colquhoun' es
timate, and advanced according to the general
increase allowed on the whole population -
Kovalty, nobility and gentry, living 1 Persons.
on incomes " 450,000
State and revenue officers - ' , 120,000
Half pay officers and military and 'iiU
naval pensioners - .120,000
Clergy of the ''established church"
110,000
35,000
100,000
of the d'ssenters
Law, judges, aitorney s," he.
Persons imprisoned for debt, luna
ticks, be. - :. ... ; - 30,000
Vagrants, gipsies, thieves; Itc. ft. 350,000
Paupers, for an average say ' y 2,000,COO
(l-6th
3.315,000
353,000
f 337,000
; Adult malea. . -
.Army and navy,including all males
deriving their subsistence from
either establishment, say, (only)
1,000,000
And there are 3.000,000 productive or use
ful adult males,, including all engaged in agri ,
culture, the mechanics and manufacturers, tne
arts, phytic, &C, lie and these must- be regard
ed as the means relied upon to furnish the gap
trnmtnt with the, enormous sum of 310 mil
lions of dollars a vear,;or at the rate of 103
dollars per man, per annum, besides subsisting
- himself. . c-;1:4 ilv- vr V,i?''t-: :
Now. the Donojation oTthe.lJnited States is
bout 12,000,000,of whom, as above, 2,400,000
are adult malessupieci ts wouime www
mf reductions I . t .. -
- Persons livinfi: oB'tncomes . ''150,000
Officers and aeents of the U. S. and
ol the severaVstajea
K CUrV
30,(HX
Lawyers,, judges, lerks, &c ta
bounding) ' V.V V.l,..-;
0,000
Persons imprisoned tor aeoi, iun- . - ,
ticks; bcnv'-"$:'? .-;15'000.
- Vagrants, thieves, be. and persons U . .
i PenitentiaHes,&c; n . 7?00
Paupers, and beggars, taxing the. r , .
m c - .
(l-5tb)
55000
iAdnlt males -v;::. J 91.000
Army and navy, vand. adult ;m?lei '
ceriviag tneir hwhskhw
either establUhneui v; "-
x .12,000
ilQ3.ooty
Leavtar 59.000 adult males productive
or useful, as abore, la regard to Great-Britain,
to pay to their general iufid state governments
and for the supiortf paupers, with voluntary
dues to the clergy 35,000,000 dollars a yeai
or less than eleven dpllari:,parvyf er
Mai, besides wbsisting hse. v
These data aire not given otherwise
than as 'apprpximating
tries,' they arc sumcienth'' near it lor
every, useful matter ; concerning tthe
subjects befbre us It ns very clear
thenfthataBriton cannot exchange a
must live much rooreYmetoly indeed ;
fbrithisjreasonj(with others that :
Will be noticed hereafter,) that a Bri- '
ton must earn, or save, 1 luo aouars
a year . for his share of the taxes to
his government, white "the American
has only to ekrii, or" save 1 1 dollars
for. his government. :; The difference
ioyehtk person is 9 dollars, which,
bri the. whole of. the Auierlcan prof
ductive population, wbuld amount to
the mighty sum of 200,000,000, in
our favour, per annumy 1 his must
be manifest to every-one. ' There is
j no mystery about it. ; The .only
j drawback that' can ,be;iirged against
myvj
drawback th
is the happy troththat American
England, ana articles 01 100a are
much cheaper, because of the more
moderate requisitions of our, govern
ment on the growers w of ( it bih , sci
entific power is greater, and the a
mount of food consumed in England
much less, comparatively, than in
the UrflteSteasV'we
sentl v observed V We have contributed
pur full share to the advauceraent of
scieniinc powerriiisic vIp vuiivm
gin- by Whitney, the steam; boat, by
Fulton, the card making machine, by
Whittemore, the: woolTspinher, by
Brewsterp and the roving J machine,
JUSl now- puiung. iaiu uperatiou :py
pur amiable friend last named, which,
at the expense;of $1 000, will do the
work of old machines that cbst;4000
dollars, : and by, the manual, labor of
one person in lieu 01 xen ; ana in re-
gard, to the" manufacture ot woolen
clpth, we . understand that . another
friend has made discoveries not: less
astonishing than those just abo ve no-
tfced'; and it is certain that our artists
can ajpy scientific power as well as
the British artists;y We will not take
a second rank With any other people,:
in doing ahy thing- that' we resPlye
to do, whether personallyjn the busi
ties? , ot peace, or ousmess 01 war.
.X'But'.astt6 the comparative che
ness of labor), K A family of six per
sons in the United States, with an ave
rage' earning of i si sterling pe day,
which ' is equal to' eight dollars per
week may live comfortably Sc respec
tablv. as tens of thousahds of families
actually do,- this being about or rather
more than the average product of the
labor of that valuable classy our jour
ne vmeii mechanics, whose wives and
children mayf hot cp'ntf ibutef'orie dol-.
lar a year to tneir earnings, yv n
this 'sumV ndently " managed ; by f a
good housewifeV the- family .will have
abuhahcefVthe 0651 bread; may
eat good rneat, and as much as they
please three ( times a day; if they like
II, ana naveLCOuee-cauu iea, wiiu ui
their ' usual appurtenances, very
morning andjevening-enjothefriiits
of the V earth -in fth eir seasonsi pay
house -rent ; and taxes, I school their
cliiiaren,..aiju, an ui iuciu aupci t.u
;cehUhcomfortaW
yiifEnKfish'Sfamily
criptipn ahdXtoeans;wiHUiv
iiSerently. Onfburth of the whole
sum earned must ne paia io me gov-
ernment, to, support? its .secuiar ana
ei'clesiastical establishments, and the
p&uperJ-SiW
and; tiierecK1iuhdrdv dollars ye
remainihwlhpr cofc
v"r;-7T! iJoria w UDSisieije, p'M"1' mu6 1 z?-"v Vwj V f I ing at ur; - JLetini
sent, bef. sinutton and f pork is from
15. to 25. cents per, jpowdr ccording
tor quality, m ngland, and - from 3
tod generally or from 8 ltd 1 0, .-in
cattle-7-and it is with i -that ' roast'
beeC! :'MtiUisppk'& ?
eaten, just as ofteii as deiired- by la-
poring peopiew pupernne wneat nour, 1
white as, snow, may be ' had at 2 or
2 l-2:cents perlb. bat oat meal-in
Britain, costs five' cents ;per poiind .
We o!o not foipw the present price of
fine wheat Jlour,;but British Jabbrers
do-not coiisuhief it-orcIri;;tBey
have beef; or 'other meatj except of
the coarsest pieces andbccasionaily,
and in small p quantities' beep's
heads, i which, we throw ; away, of
beeves' heads, that sell with hs for
18 3-4 to 25 cents each -say 9d or
Is sterling ; ;and as' to coffee, tea','
sugar, fruits,' &c. they are out of the
question, in such an English family
as we have supposed. So much as
to subsistence. ; , ; ;:0
:
- With this' view of the.three grea
interests of Britain, and of the amount
exacted of the people for the support
of the government, , &c. . we arrive at
the "conclusion that the personal in
dustry of the British people cannot
compete with that of ; the.U. States,
unless ; the latter waste food and is
prodigal even of the comforts of life
and the first be reduced to the lowest
probable point of human subsistence.
iur negro.siaves. purely live jar .Deuer
aqd labor les than ;the British 6p'ei
rati yes ao. Vi l ney nave tneir pecK oi
corn per week, being more thnn one.
quart per day, instead of" half a pint
pf cat; meal," with ' other vegetables,
and are hardly ever one day without
some meat or fish or fowl and many
nave as.mucn as mey can eat. capi
tal, and, in some respects, manufac-
luring skill, with the amount of scien
tific power, ar yet generally m favor
of Great-Britain but these as natu
rally seek and will find the places at
which they are most profitable or
Convenient, as the waters from the
mountains find the level of, the sea.
By pushing : scientific power to its
utmost .force, (if possible,) and there-
J t Y i t c 1 i j J
to Derform the labor of twohundred
millions,4 and by stinting the "opera-
. . ....
tives in the quantity and quality ot
their food,(Britain has-been enabled
to near ner gigantic system oi taxa
tion j and make herself the most pow
erful of modern nations, as to her in
fluence over the affairs Of the world :
but when- other nations - shall also
have acquired scientific power, as
maiiy are doing,; as. toe have done, m
regard to the manufactures of cotton,'
11 wilt ue. imj J05sime; mat me
and burthens upon her people can be
pai d or supported -and the restric-
tiye or projecuve. laws oi vrreai-un-tairi
will be met by similar laws every
where, in exact proportion r as 3 the
people manifest a capacity to supply
themsei ves Hitherto manual Idbot
in theUnited States, &c;hasjbeen"
contending with scientific pbu?er-f-two
hundred men: in our forests and fields
have sweated to ; produce something
of a: money value tpl excliahwitbj
one workman in la British factory ;
but this state of things is rapidly pas
sing away. We' willnot any lorlger
be hewers of wood and drawers of
xvatei-' to' support the British' estabj
lishments, and maintain Aer princes
her nobles and gentry, Aer paupers
and Acr priests, and we will regard it
as super! atively impudent;, as i n deed
it 18 tbi beasked toJreceive'anyBri t
ish ma mufaciured article that we! .canj
make for burkelves," while Britain re
fuses to receive bread "and ,icaf of us
in'ieanfeit Ifitis, said j she;
cannot maketsexcha
bCthe taxes that are ; levied on the
Jandwhat is that to ruiwhyjshbuluV
we pabyarf flhese tes iWe
will not be as her slavey,-that her no-'
bles (and r Tnhd-holders and .plolitica
jS?.niayaHpw ar;
bounA in all that is abomi
herrep drabolish
something of this f ort must be done
sooner or later.; lt is oi tor us
. ' " m. IT" - i t-' . mmi f a1 ' A it.; . is
J lions or fearfullreVolution W take v:-It may be observed, and in cbnclu-t
place i in 1 Great-Britain but that f sion as to, this branch' of our subject
olie or the other will - soon ? happeuV. that, by 'the "aid, of scientific powec
sppms ns manifpt tn n 'ic thnt hf nnd artificial means, tlie tritisn na
manifp
most powerful machine will wear, but, '
and emust be ' repplied
world at peace the British brcing
sjtehvwill not avail nchib
Hocttgq(?is';priVeye
late commerciaL wars were impolitic,
but often i carried on with wonderful
sagacity, in hiring of their brutal mas
ters hordes . of slaves for Jighling put
tAineir-tiemanby ldborsaving$nu
chutes attInchestery Huddersfield,
OrJBrrniiihV
for ; the blood ; and t bpdiesf halt
hundred Russian, Austrian, or, Hpf
sian boors, mai med or slain.
i-- It is Jashiqnable in; the U,v States--
because the. notion has been exported
fro m Engl an d for our particular use,
and received by I all 'her agents and
friends, and spread among the people
by subservient presses, " or persons
who have never examined into the
truth of what the V assert, as to man u
actures that the distress prevailing
among the British operatives should
make us cautious how ; we push for
ward the manufacturing interest in
the United States. This is a vulgar
idea, and has been adoped by many
without for a moment. reflecting upon
its absurdity. We see that, in gene
ral, the artizan, mechanic', or manu
facturerj receives as high; a money
price. for his manual labor as is paid
for such labor in ; the United .; States
in . ordinary times rwhy then is the
first impoverished, reduced to a living
on something like " half a pint of oat
meal per day," while ; the other eats
and drinks almost what he pleases,
or ' at least obtains abundant and
wholesome subsistence ? The answer
is, easyr -government requires
si
one
lial f of th e whole proceeds of such
labor Xpr, its oWn use in Greatr Britain,
und ai twentieth part; supplies all the
public requisitions made in the United
States, putting most labor at its re
duced rate? That the enormous con
tribution demauded may be. paid by
the. British people, 'scientific power
has been extended to its utmost point,
for supplying jfrreMjfwers with British
goods, tha fAey also may pay taxes
to the British government- it being
, t , . . t
j absolutely certain that Britain, within
herself j cannot support her own sys
tems. vBut these matters have no
sort of relation to the state of things
with us arid cannot he more appli
cable to our country,' until our public
debt shall be about two thousand five
hundred millions of, dollars .and the
public revenue, forced from the peo
ple by arms, shall be about two hun
dred millions of dollars a year -nrt7
we have Jegiohs pf leeches and-herds"
of vampires to gorge themselves with
the ilood and sweat of the American
people. When we have these things
then, indeed, may the distresses pre
vail in our;manufapturing districts
which prevail iin those of J&reat-Bri
Hain-: And what is the act just now
-i-at ; thi s very time--the fact: that
overw hel ms ,the unwise assertion or
impudent falsehood that British dis
tresses are caused bv the excess' of
British manufactures i Go to Provi
dence, :Rhode Island, and sep the fact
that vve allude to. " You - may - meet
with it every instant in that beautiful
town, in the busy, bustling, cheerfuli
healthy and' happy, cdunteriances of
the : opletqfftl13! P9 XT 5 s
heighhorhobdwhp are also quite as
moral oq$; 'as (though ah v English
bishop, preaching a sermon once a
year, was seated in, the midst of them,
to I feed upon and instruct them I - And
at this same Providence and its vicin-:
ity 'cloths are madecAter than at
Manchester'; ay ei and so $od at Vera
Crut; Rio Janeiro, Buenos Ayresj
Valparaiso,VLima, .Guayaquil,
nwthehi HhttVen
witches and wiiardshat ever travel
lerlctiiridugh he;9 hroomsdcksi
is it--that :the:peopIe of Providence
are-wealthy healthy ahd ipp'ral,vartd
livinc upbn the tat of the land,' while
those of Manchester are poor, misera-
h1e ancl depravied,- aridsuhsistmgi PiJ
the; public chanty. or4 hardly s,ub?i$t-;
j'..-. - ; i.v" .." .: X f .
B;enenueiiiue
anaweirtblV
?tion has reached tt present. aJannmg
and, to speak technically,- h'gfi f team '
has been raised until theibotler it
ready to burst, v but the -safety palv$
cannot' $e opened lest owcr hould
be . lost, the whole power, being indis
pensable to keep the vessel of state
amPymrrtq jBiop i is wt uesirfiyt
From the Kentucky Gascttt.
NOTES ON KENTUCKY,
"H-S Section IV.,;
' About the 1st tf March, 1775 Colonel '
Boone,' whh forty choice woodsmen of
'PowllV Vally, together with Col. Richv
afd ' Henderson, Capt. - Hirf, 'Joha
Lutrel, - arid Maj, Wen. B Smith, aatn'.
attempted to brave the tenors of a savage ,
tvi'lderness, with the view of making a
permanent settlement in the fertile re
gions of ; Kentucky. They ' prosecuted
their journey until within fifteen miles of
Uhcre Bbonsboroueh now stands, unmo.'
tested, . when (on the 20th of - March, a.'
Jiltle before day iireak) they were attac
ked by a party of Indians, who fired into
their tents,4 and wounded a Capt Twitiy
through both knees, and his servant. mortally,-
The Indians rushed forward to
Twitty's ter.t to scalp him, when a jtaith
ful bulldog' of his laid hold nf one of
them by the throat and put him down ;
he, cried out for help to his companions
when one of them tomahawked the dug, .
and the whole made a precipitate retreat,.
Boone's party lost two men killed- and.
had one wounded Notwithstanding the
enemy were repulsed, on the 23d they
returned again, and made a second at
tack, in which three- white men , were
killed and two wounded, and the enem
again repulsed'' Haying arrived on the
banks of the Kentucky Rivnr, the ?party
on the 1st day of Wpril, 1775, began 10
erect a fort, and called it Boonesborougb,
(after Cl Btmne,) and tne place has re
tained that name from that time to the
present time. : . i '
On the 4h day of April, the Indians
killed one of Boones's .partyon tha
14th, the Fort was finished, when. Col.
Boone set out on his return for bis fami
ly whom he had left on Clinch -River,
and as' soon as the journey could be ac
complished, returned ' with them ; to
Boonesboroagh. . Mrs.;! Boone and bet
daughters were the first, white, woroea' .
that migrated to Kentucky. On the 24tb
of December following the Indians kil
led one white man and wounded another,
near Boonesbor ough. v- - , . - -.v.-.
In the Spring of the same year, (1774,)
Benjamin Logan, (afterwards Gen., Lo
gan, and a conspicuous character in the
history Of Kentucky ) set out from hia
residence near 5 A bington, Virginia, for
this" new,, country. On ; his anival ia
Kentucky, he, t"with William Gillespie,
planted and raised a small crop of corn.
Logan returned to his family, and on the
8th of March, 1 776V he arrived aain at
tlis camp in Kentucky, with Ms Log.Q
and the rest of his-family, y This place
was afterwards, known; by the names of
Logan's Station and St; Asaph's. i V!
Logan endeavored to prevail on ts ome
adventurers in the 'neighborhood of the
Crab Orchard to make a stand. with him
at this place, but without effect ; he was
; therefore compelled, for the safety ol his.
family, which' he considered, ' in . great
danger, to remove them to HarrodKburg,
after which he . returned home .htmselC 1
and-attended to 1 his crop, His family
feniained at Harrodsburg until February,
1777 when thy also joined him at St.'-
'Asaph's, '.vv;'.'. " " IT-;-Vv-
During the year 1775 Coonesborough
and H a rrodsburgh were : places of gener
al rendezvous, and considered the only
place's of. ..'safety'- in the country ; those,
therefore, wh'o removed their fantuhes to
Kentucky, ;made choice of-one of these '
places for a temporary residence."' About :
the rnonth'lof ' September in that year,
Haf'rodsburg was firt honored wilh 'the
presence of a white woman. Among the '
first were Mrs. McGarey, Mrs. Deaion, -;and;MrsfHogan'-:;ilv':-'.,
-'
n On the 14th day of July, 177 being a i
fine'pleasant evening, Jemima -Boone,' i a
daughter of Col. Boone, and Betsey and
Fanny (lloway,' daughters of CoL Cal
foway, toolc a walk ; from a the or t at
Idcneaborough dowhhe margin ' of jhe
Kentucky 'Ri ver $y they ' had gone- but a
short distance before they were surprised i
by a party 6f Indians, who Jay"in - m
bush, taken prisoners', and hurried off asi
fast as pOssirjle.;; Itiwas ho sooner itnowa
that theyoung Voineri were missing, than
ofBodqeivMaJlVm Smith, andsi
other men pn foot pursued them,r aud oa
theiabVtirt below the upper Biuo;
This miht