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1 'i Jfi.""'
53
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i r . v r
TRUTH OUK GUIDE ' ,:i ' V,
1
I
f.v
r- v ; - I 1 f - ' ' 1 1 1 111 . 1
pCBLfSHED EVtRT SATURDAY Bl
TH03IAS WATrnw
:.'
Termy Three Dollars per 'annum, pajkblcih
. k nce. No iubscripiiou will pe receiTed for a
period inan one jer f-fy
LlinucJ, uoliUU arrearage, arepaiduhless
. f the iMiWisber - '
americaisus-no. 5tl
To the Editor ofihe StLouU Beaeo.
frt my last commonicatron;! stated, and
nroved, that the present btmndary-lihe. be
--n the U. States and Meicp was .con-
;;h to demonstrate that the line so esta?
? nMn( nf forf nrolMninisI snn
iiarious to both republics, .and that , it
touW be to their rontnal advantage toraban'
(jontat once, and estabfish a 'ftetr jone
oanded on mutual convenience; adapted io
he locality of the country, adlciifated
. he as durable and permanent as the ex
istence of the two republics! To the execo
jon of this promise I now. proceed and
.hail commence, wiin aeraonsiraung me
firoih of the first branch of the proposition,
laaaiely : That the prestnt &(nuidary ts dig
Mtanlageous to both Coitntfici. -y
Toj onderstand and appreciote7wfiat will
be urged on this headi it. will-be necessary
for the reader, if not already well acquaints
ti with the locality of this line1, to take up
it map of the valley of. the Mississippi j ,to
trace our western oounoary upon ii as es
tablished by the Florida treaty of:1819, to
observe its neir and arbitrary . course, its
mtnense jengtn, ana projecting angiesj see
iov nearly it approaches New Orleans,
iSatchi z and VVralnut-HiHrjrf Vicksburgi)
BOW aroiirariiy auu uuiidiuiauy ii cms in
wo the Red River andjtbe Arkansas ; how
Jeepiy n cuts lotof iqe soum-wesi quarter oi
ilie Valley of the Mississippi and how much
I territory it severs from the country to which
t naturally . belongs! , After; viewing the
muion ana course oi mis line, it win ue
ecejsary also, to a full comprehension of
that is to be read, to rnn the mind forward,
!ud viewuhe United ;States and Mexico,
flt fntirefyas they are at .present, with
arse populations, frontiers uninhabited,
Ld free , from all; cause of dissension, but
Lihey will, be some years, hence, some
arty or fifry years bence,,wneji lhe young
bea now coming on :tbfi stage ofllue, and
Itie boys now at school, rwilrbei at the head
hese two voung and flourishing
II be the most powerful on earth ; their
population fifty millions 5 their territories
uhabited and cultivated to their extreme
wee, their frontiers covered with fortifica-
67 . . i .---'
:10ns. and themselves suuject to au tne wars
Lf interest ur ambition to'rhich neighbor
ag nations forever have been,"; and forever
ill be liable. It is under, this' aspect of
ihe future, more than of the present, that
he actual condition of these two young
Republics must be viewed. The patriots
f the present day, the statesmen who are
now at the head of affairs in the two coun
tries should look to their descendants, to the
lising generation, and endeavor to fay the
:oundation for friendship and harmony be
:een them, by preventing, or removing, as
far as possible, all the causes which may
lead to collisions. With these preliminary
remarks, I trill proceed to shew, that the
boundary in question is injurious to the U
Dited Mates and Mexico in many respects.
and for the sake of perspicuity, will point
them out under distinct heads. .".I
First: It is injurioits to the United Stale
in the expense it mil invoice for fortifica-
tow. 1 - -
Supposing it to be permanent, it must be
fortified. All nations must have their fron
tiers covered, either by natural or artificial
aeiences. mountains and desert 'plains
form the natural defence ; . where these do
"exist, artinciai defences must .substi
tuted, and fortifications; are the;mity substt
lute. The line in question neither follows
ihe ridge of a mountain, or traverses a def
scrt. It ron8 throughout its entire 'length,;
from the mouth of the Sabine following, all
K angles, to the head of th Ar!tansassnvr
1 '" and champaign country, 1 fertile in
J", salubrious in climate, without a point
Referee upon it, without a solitary posi
which would command ' an' inch:; ot
ground or obstruct the passage of a soldier,
an inch beyond the range of its camion.
f-ve7 part of this line-of 2000 mifesTin
W'l! need defence. We need not
1
for
Q M,u going wrougn wan tn
e work.
U"C lOri WOUld h( rnnlrt h
eh? W'th in1Puni,y 1 without a complete
i within ! supporting f ftsiaheesf from
w,e. end to the otber: u 'r " ' ?M i-iii
JaJ, "Pense of constructing afach
. ??.??Pr a-ming then, with.cari
h
cor-
cannon,
m pi,a. ' aurFv M,fi iuvwt musi
--.y. auu incaicu ah e it m
ieciinn the Pen8 the pecuniary obi
ftlfi
. J llKJlllPr flhlprl inn nronli.':i
birk-.. ,,K'rBlfu numerpos garrisons
it would be necessaf v to.kn nn nA
i S'ght eventually be used kinHhr
trft ltwaslhe tVisorr
4PhraP k nmr the Vanbe, andT the
"v 9. j MovnmeHkio netrcoun-
'eon rf- fu oiunieQ oy long ser
ttelih.,; - t JroQers, that were fatal to
WkT01 Korhe. After
After all, the anifi-
ary i, noadeq
teraj
uate5 substitute for
cne. Of
vts. Stance is th
'fd and eslBDJisneuior me puqiose oi
iCbocting Afexican, independence and
V.ul,tin the crotvth of the West: and rfr
ii
most eminent example. iein? selddnv inva
ded on the sidfe bf the Alps and jbe Pyren
eeswliere her torts and trooDS Vcre com
paratively TeV, and often on the side of the
Netherlands, whtre eVerv reiource ot skill
and, money Jiad been exhausted to supblv
the place of a jn'ountainous frontier bv dou
ble and treble lines of stupendous fortifica:
trohsl 'j VfA, . ' .
f Sbcondly : in bringing a natural power
mthin jheritfiirdl limits ofltit U. State.
h TOe watjrrs ;of the Red River and the
Ail&asas, anat all j he territdryl drained by
themare withirt the. natural boundaries bf
ihe Ulii ted Sfates,!' In'thnaturardivisiohs
qf tfielglbbefihetv belonc to the vallev of
ihe MSsissippt. j Tue one half of tliese n
yersi and of.ihe territory drained by their
waters, no-belong i to a- foreign power.
Under. its dominion, tt will be settledamJ
the setters 'will be subject to a tiireign go
vernment, and bound to take part with it in
f very Controversy 'between . their own go
vernment and thai of ther United States.
The settlements' have already began, and
frill eventually be dense and powerful. The
salubrity of the climate, the fertility of ihe
soil, and it s adaptation to the production ol
valuable staples, will ensure Uus result. 1 his
will be inconvenient, to us in time of peace
and dringerou in time pf war; They aie
hear .the heart of the country, and cap do
mmense mischief either by the intelligence
which they "give, the supplies which they
furnish, or the blows Which they may strike.
If the Red River and Arkansas remain a
permanent part of the Mexican' dominions,
it is clear that their population will be an
uuvancv guara oi iiiai nation occupying a
position Withitx our natural boundaries, upon
the banks of livers which lead into our ter
'fitories, and to the. emporium of the West,
and ready in the event of hostilities between
tbe twb countriekstq. invade the U. States, qt
to furnish a barrier to their own.
TiiiBDXY rln giving: foreigner a right
to navigate our rivers.
It is seen .that this boundary gives to
Mexico about two thirds of the Red River,
and one half of the Arkansas. The law of
nations, trie same under which We claimed
the right of navigating the Mississippi thirly
yaars ago, when the. lower part" of it was
owned by Spain, a'nd'the same onder which
we now. .claim the right to navigate the M.
Lawrence., wquld give1 the Mexicans a right
to navigate ' the rivers of which they own
the upper parts, even if the treaty sunder
which they acnuired thenr war siienf. ; But
: nations " fc-"";
navigation, the extent of w which "isi ;6n lle
Red River, fronv the Mexican boundary to
its mouth, about 450 miles ; on the Arkan
sas river, about 900 miles ; from the mouth
of the Arkansas, down the Mississippi to
the gulf about 800 miles ; in all, above 2000
miles of the most important navigation in
ihe Uniredr Sta t ef rtroughT the " cen i res o r
along the borders of-states, the most expos
ed of any in the tUnion.tofpreign invasion;
or . domestic fserviles insurrection The
mischief to wnich this right of navigation
may be turned, are too 'numerous and pal
pable to , need enumeration; Smuggling
goods Intd the country slavesout of it
dissentions between the boatmen of the two
nations, would be ' necessary and ordinary
occurrences. -Add to this, that sucb 1 a right
of navigatidn would bea jpoioer,, to, invade
us, would lay open the country to an enemy
above New Orleans,- and lay us under the
necessity of fortifying as Strongly ooore, ; as
below lhat city, to secure it from attack? ;
Fourthly ; Jnthe lost of western terri
tory ,'tchich was ceded away for the pur
pose of establishing 'a desert' between', the
frontiers of the United Stales and Mexico.
. Loih first number of- A MEftieA-fUSv mis
sacrifice: of territory ras stated at 200,000
squre milesj but it is since ascertained that
that estimate was far below the real extenj
of the loss!" he? province , of IVittsJ "the
wnoie 01 wnicn wqsceaea away,, uuv
did not constitute r the whole extent 01 tne
cession, alone tdntairied 240,000 square
miles. Its boundaries and superficial con
tent are thus slated in Darby's Western Ga
zetteer, published in 1 81 8, before any ques
tion about: the cession ofHhe'prjDywce liad
ever, been agitated : Bounded on the, West
ana South by the Rib del- iorteton the
South byithe;3olf of Mexico 5 East by the
state of L6uisians North' by the Red river.
Its greatest length 800 miles ; breadth ouu,
estimated byf the rhpmbs on 1 Melish's map
to contain 240,000 square miles, and to be
eaual ia extent to New Ybrk New Jersiy;
rennsyivaiuai iuaiyiauu, f ni"j fYS"i
and Kentucky." Our title to the whole of
Texas naa ;oeen previously yinuicHicu uj
Mr. Adams himself, who shewed; fromJLa
tiarn? JournaV and other early 'writings,
thaHheenchf un
bad established tbemselve& under La oalie
1 the Bay of St; Bernard, the oldest settle
ihr?in the -ijroVmceV. unwardr of thirty
beretlieDaniaf ds crossed tti..Rio
as ciear' iv iru o-sw 7 .vt-
the wHd'rrbf TcsasWaS cedecT away,' ;anai
n-JafimnaiSli:all'
Kp nd River mid Arkansas to tne wesi 01
he' lobih decree of lonenude : an area f
four of latitude in breadth, equal to.abput
'ldotfsquaifemlles,
teight degrees oi riongituaein
Pittrit of ihtir N "Enelana states auuihb
thisvarea to Texas, and F the totality of the
nnn nnn .m onn varin accuiuiue
'.7. u.iT55
iue lowest iea?rai esu.uc . wj-y? 1
eracre, the sum of $28l50,000;Sb5:h
as the size of the Desert: suctMts value
n money, which the negotiator, of the flof
ida Treaty undertook to create' within the
acknowledged limits, and: most of it within
the natural boundaries of the Umted btates.
for .the avowed purpose of obstructing Mex
lean indeoendence. and for the; palpable
Object of abridging the territorial extent ol
fhe West, and preventing the future exis
tence of the slave. states which might have
been formed upon it L? In doing Uhs, the
negotiator of the- treatyr fulfilled the wishes
, r
f the Missouri Restrictionists and. of the
old opponents to the acquisitioio of Louisia
na, bey ond their .utmost ,Aopesi-r He gave
ack'as much of Louisiana . as,' would form
nine states, of the same size of Kentucky !
He was at . work upon. the -.South West with
his boundary fine while they were at work
open ihe Harth West IwitfitherfTcomprp
mise line; and between 'the to Sets of ope
rators, the man of. Louisiana, as. an outlet
for. slave holding states, becime as a bit of
cloth between the. edges of-tle shears.-Of
the 350,000 square miles thus gratuitously
and wickedly thrown away ulderthe flimsy
pretext, of settling a' boundary, upwards of
200,000 square; miles of it iwas upos the
waters of the Red River and ihe Arkansas,
r with how much justice to 'the ;U. States
let any one say after reading the following
extract from Mr.. Adams' letter of, Oct. 31st
1818, to Don Louis de Onis: " The right
bf the United States to the Mississippi, and
alu me waters jiomng inio ir, ana cu aul.
fAe territory, watered 6tf themt remains
as entirb and unshakeh by any, thing
Now, adduced by yout as by any thing' that
had ever preceded it in tie discussions be
tween the two governmenlsi It is established
beyond the power of further controvi?r
SYy nor could it answer any useful purpose
o produoe proofs which have already
more than once been shkvn, and which re
SIAININO UNIMPAIRED, must HENCEFORWARD
be con si o ebed by the . United State ; t2
NOT i susceptible of refutation .? It
was on the . 3 1st of Oct. 1818, lhat M n
Adams took. this noble . jtand in behalf of
the United States Ito all the land, and all
the water in the valley of the Mississippi ;
and it was on the 6th of February. 1819
lhat he; offered an article for establishing. a
boundary between the United States and the
Spanish dominions, which left 200,000
square miles of this T land to the king of
Spain., Why; this, change in; three .short
months ? .It was because these three months
operations in and out of Congress, against
he spread of slavery beyond the Mississip
pi ; the 1 period when the leading political
and personal friends.. of the negotiator, de
clared on the floor .of congress, their wishes
hat Louisiana was divided from the rest of
the. Union by a fiery stream as impassable
as , the burning lake which divides good
from evil, thai it might forever remain a
haunt for wild beasts ! In establishing the
desert or i DU,UUU square miles, these im
pious wishes seem to receite their consum
mation.
Fifthly : In bringing a rion slave hold
ing empire to the con fines of Louisiana and
ArHansa. ana to tne neignoornooa or iew
uriean ana ineower Mississippi.
Mexico is a non-slave-liolding empire,
and will remain so. , She no w. borders upon
the states on the lower Mississippi, and will
naiurauy , Decome ine reiuge .ui lugnive
slaves from that quarter. Many slaves now
e their way from the states south of ihe
Ohio' river and . Pntomac, and across the
lakes to Canada, although several states of
the Union, bound to deliver up fugitives, lie
between, and increase the difficulties of the
distance which they have to go.- In the
South west, where the Mexican boundaries
approaches nearest, where, the communica
(ions are alKopenr. thesiaves r ,in .greatesi
number, the means to escape easy and cer
tain, as well fiom the contiguity of territorv
as thefree navigation of our rivers, the evils
of desertion must become excessive. toi
only Louisiana and A rkansas wilrsufier
from.it, but the states of Mississippi, ,1 en-
nessee. .Kentucky and Riissoun. ? 1 he de
sertion of slaves, besides the loss in proper
ty, by the pursuit to which' they Trill give.
rise, and the aflfrays which' may take place.
The peace of neighborhoods in Pennsylva
nia) Ohio ana Indiana, has often been en
dangered ; from this cause, even where all
the parties "were subject to one'general go
vernment, and. had laws to compel ther deli-
verv.of the fugitives how .much greater
then; must-be the danger from this source
when the pursuers are foreigners, when th
Scene 01 cumeniion is on iurcigi sun, auu
When force, impelled by passion,' rules the
hourX 5v'4-f -:i - -- . - , --.-. : 1
Sixthly : JfwiMJl
gtltve from justice. ; .y- V;-.-
ceded ternryVdrtofihe'Ufiite'd -States
remote from the seat- of government m
I inis win resuu iruui mc. wwaiuuii.ui, iuc
Mexico-. Escape- t4vfronthelState is
jeasy ; punishment byMeJMco isf difficult.
ence iexar is Jalready notouVt as an
asylum" for iugiHvecfleuderij
parts of JtXtheyie
forceto set tbe laws of the country at: defi-
anceto' trample on every, moral sentiment,
and to rate a xnan-'sstanding among them-
lwtTthe-aixromit-
offered for nimtia ineiswic awui
SEVENTHLY; . J-fl t?! 0tt JOT
una water j
a 0 9 , ...:
1 The Sabine is made a common oounaaryj
it is to be navigated' by; both parties 5 the
Uulf of Mexico west of the Sabine, posses
ses numerous ports f the chantry ii open find
level ta the Red River, and to the numerous
lakes and bayous which communicate with
Ihe Mississippi. Smuggling-. v inn atl Jhjs
quarter will be easy, especially as the right
jo; navigate the Red River tosecUredV 'tW
I b Eighthly : In the loss tf harbor Ui
I . TPl 'anI mAl. MiMMAna-liiWnM'nn
I ' . v veal v auu; liiusi iiuuic;i una uai uui wi
the continental coast of the Gulf of Mexico,
fie between the Sabine arid the fiouth. of the
flib del Norte Ai a - naval and commer
cial povver owning the great river which
carries the commerce of an eaiire into the
uulf, we had ; the ? greatest need .or these
harbors By the acquisition of 'Louisiana
we obtained them : by. the new boundary
established on our south: west frontier in
18jp,we gave theraawav. v
Mississippi to invasion from ab6ve. J s
V Before the establishment of this bound- j
dary, all the country to the- west of:the
lower Mississippi, quite to the Rio del Norte,
was ours. An American population was 10
inhabit it, and would have covered New
Orleans and all the lower country on that
side. - Th e new bound ary has given it op to
foreigners, has uncovered the right flank of
Lousisiana, and laid.it open to invasion.
Possessed of the Red reiver and Arkansas,
a foreign power may: prepare an . invasion
fr6m aboVe, collect her t troops and muni
tions, desceiid to the Mississippi, raising all
the . slaves as they come, and. menace or
capture the emporium of . the West, , or ex
cite a servile war, before the citizen Soldiers
of the upper states could come to her aid.
In another contest , witfi England, y. she
might choose this toute, come in upon the
oact; 01 Louisiana, . anu spreaa consterna
tion through- the state. : To guard against
this danger, New Orleans nould have to be
fortitieti ODor?e,, tne city, ana an tne ap
proaches to the Mississippi by the Red riter
ana Arkansas watched and guarded.
Tenthly : In furnishing a harbor to
the Indians who kill and rob our' citizens
on their, way to Mexico.,
-Caravans from Missouri, Arkanssas and
Louisiana have repeatedly suffered from the
depredations of ihe .Indians who are shel
tered bv this harbor. The Camanches in
habit it, or rather roam over it, the Be
doUiri Arabs of America rltke these Arabs
forever' mounted, always seeking for prey,
always ready to attack the merchant and
traveller ; and lop often escaping punishment
ft v ihe flfetness of their horses. . Missouri
na
as compiameu dj llteir ut-uieuaijuus, uut
complained its Vain, "while the projector of
the desert they inhabit was at the head of
affairs : but upon the accession qf Presi
dent Jackson their complaints were beard,
and a military escort' ordered out for the
protection of their caravan?. But military
protection though eminently desirable, is
still Inferior to the true remedy,r the retro
cession of the country uponlhe Arkansas
and Reel River.' to its natural owners.
whose mounted volunteers would quickly
teach these marauders to respect the lives
and property of American citizens. . V ?..
Eleventhly :, In losing the Navigation
of the Upper Red River and Arkansas
i lie navigation ui me upper pari ui tnese
rivers, even for small craft, would facilitate
the com mercia 1 intercourse of M issouri,
Arkansas and Louisiana, with' the northern
parts of Mexico; but it is no longer .in
their power to command it. The treaty of
iojiy,oi-i not reserve me privilege, ana me
right bf navigation, accruing under the laws
of nations, only applies to people, who live
dn th e upper waters of streams wh ich flow
into the sea, and who are admitted to have
a naturaP right to go to the ocean ,in , the
channels which Gou has created for that
purpose. vT ' -; c. ' ."..J
i Twelfthly : lh diminishingi the outlet
for the emigration of the Indians which in
naoii ine siaies oj Mississippi, jiiaoama,
Georgia and Temiessee. ' V? f U
1 These Jntlians ought to migrate. lite
due to the states ; in which try are, that they
should be put on a footing;' with5 all the
states north of the Potomac and . Ohio,
whose Indians have been sent away, and
their territory cleared of the Incumbrance
of a population which pays no taxes, counts
nothing ' id ' the federal census. 1 bea rsl no
arms, except for mischief to the whites, and
obstructs" the settlement and ' cultivaiioh-of
the statesi It Is" better for , the Indians
themselves that they should go. Since the
time that the children of Israel were in
Egypt, it has been seen that two different
nations could' not liyeT ,tpgetherr without Jrt
jary to the weaker, & that theVoad of salva-
lion to the weaKer party,, was tiyougn tne
door of emigration. This trulhis now'en-
forced upon the Southern -a Indians p the
Uen.ttA'tS'mart6ti a thtterrhiial
parodist iof tsavuges.xs beyond the Mis-
J ?ti-. l- 'J- :-Z't'A u L4-.u
only objection isi that theyliw sioplmb
hear the whites, Jah tbal the bif&l is riot
sutficien J ii wa i the boundary of 1 819
Which made this outlet too smalf, and
Stops these emigrants too near to the whites.
.Sychare.the vils brief' and rapid
ketch which will; result i td ' the, United
States from the continuance of the present
south vtestern boundary. -To Mexico,
it will also be prejudicial and injurious, not
to the! same extent.' but io' d sufficient de-
reree- to make iu her interest to-bky it
cnansecr. ; in ine nrsi pmce sne win oe
invoived in the same ruinous expense:- for
Vntflt..' tftsir.-Mahil'. b'eV .v lo -ihwndxO. .
placei these) iforiificiitroW blriFr
heiy sd- far Beyond heVnatdral frmiliefe wiljt;
be tinlehabte iff time of war f Via f;
he Sabitejl Red River nfrAranGsy
ntl1e to her what the line bf the Ebro wai
o France Mett Charlemdgnei had exten-r
ed? his ebDhe?tb, lhaiJ river fi untenable i
atralnit the people within whose 'natarsl
boundaries itlsjand lost in the rst warIa'
the third place,1 all the 'eVils-of smoggliitg't.
and offenders escaping from justice would
6e common to her and jd U-t, , ; Id the fourth. -'
rlace the population upon it, . can never
incoroorate with her - inhabitants, si They
are fugitives, or emigrants from the Umted"
States, speaking a different language, bred
up In a diflerehtrelifiion;: dependent fori
markets aftdf-an 'outlets to "the sea updo f
the masters of the Mississippi and naturally 2
took ins? 4o wards the country from whkri 1
they ckme and .-back intqlwhjchlieir rivers, ,
their tradethe ties of : blood, and the force t
of feeling, are continually leading: them
n' the fifth places all the evils of -border t
populations, not separated by; natural bouo- ? -daries,
wouldalso be common : to both Re I
publics a Bafence make badneigh i
bar bad . boundaries, 'or no boundaries,
make hostile nations The present .noun--
dary is essentially a bad one, fur both Me-
ico : and the United States ; it presents no '
thing to divide the nations and the border
people, their slaves,-cattle, horses, .will be
perpetually crossing, committing trespasses,
and: producing;; collisions. ' I -''.
f In fine, it is a line mutually disadvatan
iageous to Mexico and .' the .United States,
made in a spirit of hostility to the indepen-.
Hence of one, and sectional jealousy to the
other: made without . necessity, for. the
United Slates were in. possession and held?
by a-titre1;.rito.atriceift6e of refutation;"
and made with a king:ihM hati no right to
make it, and whose grant, if he had granted
a?y things to'vus on th ie side of Rlexico
would have been invalid and inoperative s
for MexicV was' theti virtualTy ipdependent,
and not "subject to hsive her territor.es cur
tailed by atreaty between thff king of Spairt '
and" the United States.'' ft wasi stipulation)0
for a1 bodhdary by which the United States
might oie, and could. hot dm b which 4
the WrIst Could be diminished, bur could
not be enlarged ; arfd 4 this constituted its
precise recomriiendatfon tb the a'gitatdrs of
the Missouri rjuestidn; add the old oppo
nedts to the acquisition' of Louisiana, who '
were then nnfted Iri ' policy, anfd' in great
fdrce, at Waiblngtoiri city,; and Were the
tiatorr -' i -.v-
' Execrable ai it wasJ " the ratification of J
the Treaty 'was - certain and inevitable. !
The restrietionists and the old opponents to
the acquisition of Louisiana, in conformity
to whose avowed wishes it was made, con
stituted nearly one half of the Senate, and
they voted for the ratification of course. ' A
stipulation to pay $5,000,000' to the Atlan,
tic merchants, who-had lost property by;
Spanish spbliations commanded another '
Urge interest: and the cession of the Flori-
das," commanded v the votes' ;:. of most of the
sbuthern members.-; But the ratification.
ias nut obtained w iihouta struggle. 1 Seve
rat Senators set up a decided opposition ';
ana in tne otner. urancn. oi congress,' Air-' -Clay-
thought it so fraught with injury to ther
United States,' and especially to the Wet$
as to justify the extraordinary interposition.
of ihe House of Representatives. He ; ac
cordingly submitted two resolution's, in con- i
j demnation of the tf eaty,r one! for its uncon
stitutionality, in undertaking to cede away
national territory the otluir for its inexpe
diency and injustice to the United States.
These resolutions were overpowered in the
House of Representatives' by the same
causes which ensured the ratification in the
Senate"-!' t; )ypt-: 'bK-;.:i-..-n,..
1 Having now demonstrated that; the line1'
of 1819 is a disadvantageons boundary for
both countries, it results of course lhat it ;
will be to their interest' to abandon it and
. . , .
j The following are the Resolutions submitted ' I
bj'Mir.XJIay.H ';'' tif r' ;' ' :' r ? Jf. ','?r' ?;i. r :
, 1 Mlesolved, iThmt the Consthotion bf the- U.. .
State vests ia Congress the power lo dispose of
the territory beloogiug to them, and that no trea-"
iy, purporting to alienate any part thereof, i va-'
lid ivitboat 4he iconcarrence of Congress !
j " 23 Resolved,' Jht thejequivalent proposed t&
be given by Spain to the v States,? in the treaty
concluded between them, on-tbeSZd. of February -I819y
fo that 'partlof Louiiiana lying west or.tbej
Sabine, was 00 inadequate $ and that it Would i
be inexpedient' to otake aP tr'anfef thereof to 'any'
foreign power or to renew tbe reaty.? av- i i '
: iodine f aiseussion oi these, lsolulions,, Mr.
Clay, after pouring, .torrent of indignant elo-'
queoce upon the Treafy, turned upon hi author,'
and accused Mr. Adamr, as 'digtoeffy' as' tbe
rules of debate would permit ,of having belraedT '
his trust, and granted .me .Spaniards pute: than?
the kingV instructions ' required -The following',
rth'e serite'nce' which implies ibis accusation s:
tlri.tpeiwi Uidh'y tie Secretary ofSlateU
old and confident assertion that Don Luis tfeOicr
id uat; authorized 4 grant "Us:uiC9 inore, emd
that Spain notLdeny his instruction, that .
TBiirsi br pxMAakATinjr is FAK.Withw bis"
iiaiitS Bi ' The words; much," darS,frT
and pst? are all italicised in Mr. Clay's speech
as pritttedt in; be National I ntel licence r, and oa ,
reading:, this pregnant in timation of treacherj.
he mind Is irresistibly huriried back to the; state
of tbe negotiation ii entfed af Madrid in Juy,'
181S, and as it evened at Washington in Februa.t
ry, 819,-r?! coftsiderj faow' iWs was asked by
Don. Fusarro there, and how much was tiered by
John Qui ncj Adams Ar. bee the firc No.' of 1
Americanus. J Mr. Cfay was then the champiori "
of the West, and maintained her interest against ,
Mr Adams -after the t fatal i.coalitiont be joined
Mr Adams in obtaining from Mexico her assent
to ihis treaty which he Had so vehemently C6n