North Carolina Newspapers

J: 7 sasllMBsWBMBMaiWIWIMW -- r JT' - " . 'V J- JV? tf i,,ftetertf Raleigh Me; V - a? - j ij.ft.-biijii ar.H -.V y ' . 7 i i -i -ii - ' w' : Gentlemen The ag is eminently frae nnA nmpti ' In every department qt lirtowledge;aSfid in all theenuewhfcfijeaH to wealth and tiappiness and honor, ine wguia ;'of Epcrltnce uteucih iVpon thenar. oess of bfljectufe 'falsehood is towing beneath ihe aieplfe and the diatom of truth; v antl cieoWbegmning to understand, more folly nd properly, ibeir responsibilities, ab- .aoluu aad relaiWe , and .-to appreciate i. the powers, the hopes, desUiiica of the Tace. At noef'HHK' jW.'lohe hl8lory Vof the VorW,!tArfl th sciences been? so in teasely liWM1M je wi'dely: dissenrtnated flie - are Wfre3eToL ' And twbat we Kafebeen ace'natobejtocideppiniftate anti auitV be nothing morft.tKan' the ihfaney of mankind, men ujaeeu nu,3v HiJirM?.jgui and in therlnesa ( ijme, whenjaw.and order and civilization, tinned and pirrifietl bv the fireaof e,cenfos freedom, and met lowed by we nana .tot , vunairamty, - iuiw "iheir broad shields . at once over the richest and the' poorest gmng no greater protection tude-of 'dtstineliorolhan they dotolhe Me ehanic and the Auntinlatn id their perplexi - tics, their tils and their labours. - ,The seep tre of those wtib were once mighty to bdpress Ihtf jiationsbas Becw broketiJikean untem nered snear : and 'the -.systems of - the dark ages, which rose slowly, 7 but effectually, in; the'midgt of blood, and caraage aratioraer, trave teen torn "and scattered to the windvs jof, tfesolation: ' The feudaHystem whene is iy Ask thja "occupants of the 'tottering .thWnes of.Eurone. and the treluctant . answer shall come forth, that the reviva,l ad extension of learoingjn the fifteenth -centory, the inven tion of Printing, the transcendajnt.etoqtience oCTlUrtin LutherTahdlhe trorcss of TiW- al opinions, roused mankind lo a knoiedgn of their rights;, and that sturdy Esquire and Baroo bold, the statelinessand the grandeur of feudal eeremonial, and theexekement and renown of tilt and-tcornament; repose' in death amid the chambers df the mighty past. 5 The" benefits whteh have been,, conferred j. tipon man by the; votaries of art and science are almost jncaleu I able. 1 trey have not on I-jatifie4-bwp1iysicalwtknts,-:but1pne6; " ' newfields boundless and ever-duFin'g fields over" lyhich his mental faculties may linger, and perpetually gather the elements of iresn nesa'and deligbt. They have, done mQrer man i"is; tney nave cnangeo pis meas w btfmaa greatness Portified by the princi- plea of a sound and practical, philosophy, and sensible of bis tremendous responsibilities as ; a citizen of two worlds, the possessor of high intelligence now weighs every thing m thscales of jnsticQ and 0 .virtue, and esti- itt-Jes hdmanreates3,"nbtby the number j jrVttie:ihelB$piranV.fqr' renowp .may.. have. ';j.deTOolished, not-yet by.tbe gore he may have ' spiU, but by the, amount of permanent' and substantial benefit he may have contributed to confer upon mankind. Thu9 estimated, how" little" is Napoleon ,andT how gfeat are Watt and. FuIton ! ; llow does he sink in the comparison 1" When Ijhe former hadrium phed at Afcolav and planted his eagles upon the battlements of imperial Home ; ;wherr throne after" throne had crumbled and -gone- down beneath the ; lightnings of -hisfeye j when bis tatlle-thunders' rolliri" from the ; Pyramids lg the shores of. the Baltic, .bad laid almost aU Europe prostrate at his feet ; and -when, with ih4 iron crown of Charle magne upon his' brow,' he was revelling, in anticipation, amid all the pomp and splendor and majesty off universal einpirevthe aston-? ished spectator, might have fancied, that, as i - be was the controller f the, destinies of na tions, so he was also their greatesl'benefac tor arid-that 4ie vas not imore the fuvoritefb fortune in his contentions for dominion, than in the extraordinary facility with which he' bent learning and art and science fo tJe-performance oC bis will-. Yet w. hat, European ' -what tvAmericanilh6aght---whcni gazing upon the wonderful achievements' of the chJtd ordestiny, that long be0re this prodigy "of valour saw the. lights there" had: been .approxv i mating to perfection an" invention - which was to be; rendered 06 more practical impor tance to the vworldi than all the chieftains that feverrose, or 'reigned,- or fell ? Napo leon perished in the midst of the splendid visions of bis high ambition, leaving no n-; during, memorial of his aflectioij for man kind f but .Watt, and FjjtonJ havo wrought beoefiti' which will rSise etnotion of ad miraiiort andgratiiode in the human bosom, wheresoever , iheir name3" siiall be muttered throUghbut all tcuming time. , . w- . V Am eminent writer (Cord JBaotronAia)"has said Itbat science,.meahs knowledge reducqit tak system that is, arranged jn a regular or der, so as to bd qontenlenfly taught,"' easily remembered, and readily applied., jAnOXlie flame vr iter has divided the. sciences, into three'great-classes t Xhose which Velate.to nomJrand qvantUjt lhose "tehicfi'relat to matler, and those which "relate: to rmind; Te fitat afeJcalM ihe-Maihe'matic, and . teach the properties .of, iu.mbers aud' o(: ,fig urea ; the second are called NatnraJ Philo sophy, and teach the propertiesof f he yripus means pi our senses : ana ine uuru are ca. - '.led Intellectual or lTaora1.,PhUbsoihrnd . teacbtb? iature, of,;the ' mindibher "words..the moral nature of man, both; as ' an individual ands a member of society. : It may bejaid.down as an, indisputably . ' axfomVthaf every mecha'nichou!dbe,aprac- rtica) pbilbso-jhats,' hestiould.npw ; enough of nature to . enable hni not merely to:proseciiie effectually. hispeculiat?CaHiiig, but ,to invent, and to improve, nd to eitetid " ;the Jmi.ts ormecTi"anical -it isbno means necessary-that a man shoujd . . do jnothui else tW f"dy known truths and ' y. diBCoircrnewfin.Arder to merit thiahighnd, . nob!i tlUe?;The greatest.' philosopr the -V VcrU has wefxeeniyniTQ active, working mew. " They per formed; their days C work -,- - laiiuxuiiyanaawuiutiyaofl amasse(r,9r ' Ing the evenings Knowledge which enabled 31Q go oinorineir vocations wUft jbuI greater fidslityand skill. - . , urry yoiing mechanic especially; shouid f which' his irade I ttlidsed, and by, which iis dixectedrlf he be a battera'ianrjera dvifr, a oaintef .or a;bleacher,var;Jknowledg6 ofj chemistry will aid hihr to an indefinite e tent. And the principle holds with regard to-reXery plh'er trade,' It he bea carpenter, fnf inota'rtffa"'. Kr 'kfinnfl strut Nhiil0turr Tnl afWtslffahchesii'ully and'th6Vottghly; ' If a milt WJjght 41ms mechanic powersshould engage lus attention : he shouplic well ac quainted with the'pecufiar structure of'wheels, i so as to know now to accommodate urera to certain falls of water j and if the machinery isto bepropejled.by . steam.whichs, bt the vapor bfTwater, or by waterjtself, heahould s.fudy the science of. the motion and forpe of fluids, m order to, render himscll -capable of a noising them to practical purposes. - liln tlws btate:-particularly, the great -mass of the mechanic class pay too Iitte, attention to elementary princioles. 1 hey. xio tneir work OS their lathers, did it ucjore tnem, without knowing, ixi a great manVcases the fundamental principles by wh5 "tlvey are guided and directed. And often, gentlemen who have no immediate and indispensable connection with, the science of, mechanics, know more -jabdut it than, many jmechanics, who improve in their trades only in propor tion to the acquaintance 'they form -with t,he elementary princtptes of mechanical fehpw Iedge.r? Wabster, for-Jexample, is not more celebrated in literature . and law, than he is for his intimate acqtialntance.with the science of mechanics. lie never construc ted machine, and vet -he tnows how a machine ToaghLtflf be constructed. Itjs fe latecL that on' a certain . occasion a , tlistin guished son of, Nortl) Carolina, who had, in his: youth, been an operative mechanic, and who had, perhaps, built many a saw-mill, "visited the grSat Yankee, for the purpose of Knowing uim pesonay ano 01 conversing withhim '.'Tace'. to face-Tjie North CJarolin lan, sensible of his inferiority to Mr. Web ster in law and titeratu re although he was not, perhaps, his inferior in natural endow- mnts-Very natu rally conceived the idea of opening the conversation upon some subject in mechanical science and accordingly dir ected bis attention to inachmeryjn general, afld to the conformation of mie-tnilh in par ticular. And it is said he- subsetpiently de clarr,'taine inore about V8aw-.mills,on4vHotij;, than hefhad jearnetf in all his-lifeVi It is said, moreover, 1 that-whenthe port, of Boston was to be gaged, no mecnaniC'Couio oe lonnd wno coiiia ao it, and that the task deVolvipiipofian emin ent Judge of 'Massachusetts, ..whose . proij- '"ciency in mechanical ..sciepce was proyecbi-, at.- indeed, Uus geutieman knew so roudu about mechanics, that whene ver be had oc casion tp have his horse shod, his shoes mended, a hat made, or a house' constructed, he ne veJfailed J to inspire the' , blacksmith, the shoemaker, he batter, . ot- the carpenter with -the conviction; that he, the Judge, was not only, a good mechanic, butlhe rcry best mechanic ifl?Massachuse4ts. " r " Z ,An intimate acquaiiitance with the laws of nature will show the mechanic how to.. avoid attempting impossibilities ; secure, him from irapoctaht njislakes in attempting wjift is, in itself, possible,, by means eitljernade quate or opposed to the end in yiew ; enable thim to accomplish his ends in the easiest, shortest, most economical and effectual man ner. ; aad-iiiduce hiin to attempt, and ena-. ble hini to accomplish, objeets, w hieh, but for such knowledge, he would never have thought of undertaking. - ; In the iftrst place, if those who have in ven ted contriyapces for.obtaininerpetUaVmo- t(Oo nao knowii how to avoid attempting impossibilities if they had known-that the law of gravity was in their way ,their labours and ingenuity might have been directed to practical and important purposes, and some greajij mcliine might now have attested the strength, and brUliancy of their genius. And ftow'many important mistakes are made, by emptidg things wliicn'are in tjjemf seves'possQ)ie, by means either loo slender,, or opposed to the, end fo iejaccdmplishedl The smelling of iron, for example, requires the application of the most violent beat that can be raised and is commonly performed i n tair furnacesi urged by great i rou bej lows, driven by sie am-engines. ;InstedMem.pToy ing this power to force jiifr, into the. fttrnace, through the intervention of bellows, it was. on one occasson, attempted to employ the" sieam useif, in, apparetmy a mucp. less cir cui toils .manner, by directing the current of steam in a. violent blast, from the boiler at once i nip the. fire. From one of the known ingredients of steam, beng a . highly inflam mable. bqdy, and the other that essential part of the air which supports combustion, it was imagined that this would have the. effect of increasing the fie Jo tenfold tury, whereas if simplyblew.:itut ; a result which a.slight consideration , of the laws -of chemical com bination and the state in which the ingred. tent elements exist-in steam;; would have enabled any one to predict -without a; trial. ' ' Anther illustration, from the same auth. I or, .to sbaw. that every m'echanio ought to ai'uw iiia science wen, WHiruer u accom. plish his ends in the easiest nrfd tnosi ffec tUal manriermay nof'be' inappropriate, fn some parts; of Francewhre'diilt-stpne's are made.a mass 'of sloneuffiaiently large is cut into a cylinder several feet hfgh, and the 4 uesuon- iHeirHxj&es .uw ivsuuuiviae mis into horizontal pieces, so as to make ay many milkstonesVfFoT this purpose horizontal in dentationior grooves are chiselled, out qui te tound-ihexy Under ;-at distanced corresponds, tng to- the tnick-ness .intended to be given': ib" the 'mill-tofles,Tiaffr Which redoes of dried ,;wooa are .. on veru 3 vwedges , are then wetted., or. exoosed to -the- niffht dewi andnex ttmorning the different pieces are found separated from jeacb" other by tbeex- feorptlort of ihptsjtcr reJ ft irreeislable ha'tiirat power thus ..accdmplishing: almost without any trouble, and Hno ejcpensranofejarion wbichfron; the peculiar hardns an4.texi ture or ihe stone, would other wi?e be. im practicable but- by hVir)srjowerYttl roach jnery or the roost perscTeringfahorr ,' i wt -:-: A knowledge of the sciences hdght to be fltcqlibcfed, hot only because il gives srnludii -fidual a great adrantaffe OVer his npirrhKnra . Mr. flerechf 11 on Nalnral Philosopbyr wtnctrbiairade tTI J4edL nfd by .which r j innecuniarrsinse.but' 4hd enlarges; hismrnd, and jruikes'biin-jnore cotflpetent.io .iicbarge his ilujtif as a men jqtw pi,8oc.ieiy abcijji ii country, aijnqM every mechanic' ha3, an oppdrfrtnity as weif of learning the scieutifical JpHrtcipJefr bTs trauiij as vi incoming wniy.yeiui "ano' fi; oYable,in ,anvpi)here orVfofession of Iite xiere ne lacrors unaer none 01 lira peculiar and-evcreTestrictionswhich are rim posed upon the mechanics of Europe- No.one I have been informed., however well'skilfed he maybe iV his trade, is at low wl to set up as a iuaster-wprkmamt in Germany j until tie- Q.as jtayej tea, , or wandered lor the space ot three' years.' For the purpose of enabling the journeyman ":to ibancfer,"' without being molested or delayed, the master with Wboui he has setvetl his apprenticeship, furnishes him With a duly authenticated wandering book, and he is sent forth to htg for1 work or starve. 4 During this period of painful and oppressive pilgrimage, bV visits' at.least seven of the p'rincipacrties,; where his trade is carried on Tahd eveVthen, before he is ad knitted to the privileges-of the craft, he'is underthe necessity of paying a tar tp the government', a'nl of rJrodjtcing what is. cal led his master-pietife, which is often rejected And in:Englarid antii the reignof GeoTge the Third, every mechanic was bound to the soil by the operation 'of v certain awa. But in this country every journeyman tnechanic has the privilege of aspiring, atT any time not only to the conditioir of a master-workman, but to the highest honors of the land and his personal frecdiJm, whilst be works no injury to his fellow-citizens, is as unre stricted as the winds. ; Perhaps no principle ought to be more indelibly impressed upon the human mind than that which recognises the true nobility of labor' If order be hcavensr first taw, thou xhalt labor was heaven's , first great command. Let no man ' beasbamed of a hard hand or a sUn-burot countenance. Lit bim rather exult in the conviction that he carries with him dairy the mcon testable evi dences that be lives, not by fraud, bhicanery and speculation, but by the "sweat of his brow.- Labor irbonorble-because' it js or dained of the. Creator Vit is honorable, be canse by it we provide fhing-s honestly in the sight of all roeh; it honorable, be cause it is oseful ; and jt is useful, because it adds to the common stock of things, arid preserves "both the body and the mind in healthful exercise. Labor is to this coun try what action was to the great Athenian orator it is every: thing and no measure should be put down by the clamours of sectional prejudice or by any ,thfn ekd, which promises to protect or' entourage or sustaioxit. ' v .-- ": n The, greatest mCn the - worhl has ever produced ' were 'working-mein- Cato, the celebrated Roman Senator, owned a farm and labored with his own hands.' And '' Pk ter the Great, Napoleon, Sir Walter Scott and Franklin, were all remarkable, in their day, -forTtbe. steadiness and intensity with .which they laboredr" Peter the' Great ac tually served an apprenticeship for the purpose of learning the art "of Bhip build ing ; and Russia, at this efy hour, owes more "than half her greatness to the genius and industry of this great monarch. Let thewinda carry' Jt let it be told every i where and- let- honest-labourers, in all com ing time, fieelc proud whenVtbeyi reraerober, that , the founder of St. Petersborgh the descendant of fierce and warlike-monarchs and the grand moving cause; of' the re nown and : prosperity of-a mighty empire was once a volnntarv, a lowly tenant of the work-shop. Napoleon, out of twenty-four hours labored eighteen f and during hiscam pkigns, bis mind was so vigorous and so well trained,, that he could . write himself and at -the same time dictate to seven Secretaries wi th regard to. matters, of the diost momen tous characlerr Sir Walter Scott, when the sun . of -hisfame was-shining in meridian splendour, and-: when. Waverly" was on every Jip, was. actively engaged both in wri- Hug wi itiw pwunu, -.91111 in. aiscnarging nis duties as fjigb Sheriff and Qlerk ofaGourt jn Scotlandi And Franklin -who has not heard of him? Who ddes riot know; 'that he was a hard-wofkert His was a life of toil and difficulty from its commencement almost to its termination ; but armed with honesty, integrity and honor, he pressed forward man fully over all impediments, until he disco ver'ed the ffecrets of lightning, and "wrote his name where alK men .should behold it, and whereall tine. should not efface it?' . "A nd let 4 1 not be supposed that tliere are no laborers but those who toil with their hands'wThe labor of the mind is as useful f and , as much needed, at all times and in all countries, as the labor of the body ; .and one hour of mental effort exhausts the phys-nt powers morethaQfive hours of unremitted manual labor. And those who do not fm L 14 the multitude to .. labor those. Poets and Philosophers who live in. musty and dilapi- dated chambers, as .well as those engaged in studying and teachingthe severer scien ces confer important and lasting benefits upon society and are as fully entitled to the rewards of tabor, to a comfortable living, and to universal respect .and.cohdenxe as thjs; . most indefatigable Jaboters Jn other ph?tTR-of life. , i Neither let it be supposed that those en gaged in the improvement and cultivation of the fine-arts stre ehgirged tono good purpose,' ur uicii. luej o not iaDor asstpuousiy and se verely. .Mftn.r is.X. crfeatuxe . possessed nqt only of reason . bii t of seuti ment and 1 magin a t ion .also ; and these faculties, when proper iySgoyerned and judiciously "etihiatedare the essential "sources of his, happiness. Whoever,tberefore, in the fine artsr-ia Miio sic(PaJntin, Poetry,1 Sculpture: ancl Aichif lecture animates or exalts or refines bu man imaginatiou,aud .human sentiment, la- Dors wilo intensity and diligence, and at the jfane timo imjMovfts soe'rety to an indefinitr eeBf.-We could Uviv'1'trbe:Hvithnii thfinftartsi"' Wo could baiMsbUia geoiai of ;Jrc-hlteeture from our id?t bid 'the canvass glow no lonpetrr-silence the encbanV, (ine niehulies of Music and shirpr thV glittering lyre f . ihe Toet : we coafd do 1 on lujsy ana siui-nna ample, means for gratifying -otit aniiBaIprbpeiisUieg; but in doing so v e should destroy the choicest aiudtxennementnnd cutloij from consptfes to g rmtit ftfe atid figerjrndc- Th0'inarkJ&iy jie. triterBuVfi is Vrue "thVJhft;bTghetl)oridrs .which the country CffC0fleI'are,,!: W4Hliu iuv jreocii, w 1 luiis very-Qungalw"ha ha liad tftegopd for tune to be bonr within its liukitsT' lie"road to' honof . . a open to ."the sorr of tbemei. ehanic- as it is to the son of the Senator ; arid it is the peculiar glory of this country, that its social d pditiclpinstitUtiona are "sp ordere'aBurjpgulated, as todevlope and give 8COD&40 . sfeoiu., and .tajent" wherever they exisU . The self-taught and the mighty urttOvhave gone Deiare osAavy puer man and SheffWbfteinWe:Whitney apd Fulton-naall who shine with them mbril liant and liappj ' Companionship upon the rolls of famewhat were they .bmmechan cs and the sons of mechanics and of common laborers T And how often, have we ileen, turen in our owrrx. time, mechanics and, , la borers of.'pre-emincut natural endowments, casting asideall the impediments which want and poverty .have, offered to" their progress. Land ascending, through the. fires of envy and traduction, to the highest eats ot honor and intelligence 1 ! No yooiig mechanic who hears ine has bad, orow jias, fewer factli tiei for mental improvement than felLto ine lot of Mr. Ewmgt the late Secretary of the Treasury. When a, yqutb, h$ was a salt boilerr a common day-laborer. And twenty years ago, Mr. Henderson, now a Senator in Congress ffomi Mississippi, was a shoe maker in .Illinois. Indeed I might difect your attention lo scoresf now upon Ihethea tre of action,.who enjoy the confidence pf States, and who frame laws for the governs ment of this, great country, whovere, in the outset.' Dennvless, unfriended and . alone Aiid if there is a young mechanic here, wboi whilst he honestly,' and Steadily performs his daily duties, lookst-Torward to a higher and. a brighter destiny,' let ne tell him to labor not .merely Uh bisftanfo but with his head. Wealth may seek him, but wis dom wiil not., She must be sought, and the vision Which would find her must be. a? keenx and as ardeqt jn its glances, as the eye 'of the eagle is to single out its prey. "Let bim " first ; know HiMSELf . And,, let him-moreoverr always" bear la .mind, that there Ts nothipgb&neath the sun too trifling to merit his attentiort; that earth and ocean, the, air, and all the stars of heaven, teem and glitter with the mysteries of knowl edge; and that these mysteries are to be looked into only by little and t little by patieht, l6ogcorrtinued and persevering ef- tort. It , is related of the great sculptor, Michael Angelo, that otv certain -occasion a friend called on him when he was finishing a statue ; some time afterwaids he called again ; the sculptor was siUl at bis work his friend, looking at the? figure, ex claimed. "Have you been idle since I saw you last?nBy no' means," replied" Ihe sculptor,1! have retouched this part and polished 1 that softened :. this ' feature arid brought out this muscle- given more ex pression to this lip, and more enersry "to this limb." Well," said bis friend, "all these are trifles. ' MIt may be so," replied Angelo, "but recollect that trifles make'per- fection, ancl"'that perfection is 136 trifle." At a time like this when- confidence be twegn man and man, and indeed, between whole communities, is so raufch broken and impaired when bankruptcy and. dis tress pervade the country the mechanic cannot be loo -.cautious with regard to the pecuniary, obligations he may be tempted to assume . A judicious system of credit nas done and will do much for the mechan-. ic class in this coofitry; but an injudicious OUS I J5 one' will do infinitely mot-e hartn than sondjf The interest alone of what an itfdividuaTr borrows consumes, gradually, but surely; a Jarge portion of his' prbnts";-,and he finds too often, when the dav of pay ment comes; that the, principal itseiffaas been a dead weight qppn.Jus energies,, and that getting into debt is hutjshotber name : for getting into difficuHy.,iyl.nd, besides, the debtor is, to all intents and, purposes, the slave of the credkor, It.is Very true that' thB mildhess of tbe law is sometiines favorable to the deb tor, and that it is .not easy to imprison an individtral unless clearv evidences of fraud are disclosed aainstlwiir; but. is he less the Slave of his fellow, because the law docs not take him into custody Jls there no men tal bondage ? But" it fsv a fact atid' one of which we may justly bebroiid, that the me chanics of this "State are asclear of debt 'as any other class" within its limits. They ate inerroi souna common, sense ; mey Know wealth must come' m them ifit come at all ny nara orows ? ana they seldom barter the fruits of 'their labor for the trappings and garniture of high : life. And if all . the" States in the Republic bad more mechanics and farmers, and a less number " of that fraud fl class who liveupon other men's earnings, we should hayemore bWesty anfi less of the abominable doctrine of Repudla tibn : ' . ' ' ' ' ,AN -pXlf.LU3TRATI0N." . v , The - Wasbinglon . correspondent -of ithe Richmond Whis ffives the followinff ant tl lustration of JohnTyler,.rJThere is no sen sible image thatcan iUii'strate the PrcsidenU mmseii,-8av$ one an ass upon a. raiL-road ; who though vw6rnc4by. the-whiz of steam, and the ,cfies and curses of.eyerj body, in the cars, scarcely pricks op his ears, sweara thatiheU munch -ttt. tuft of speed ha has found there, that theplaci&i wa mada for his diversion-, that he is himself the frfemWi ptyecUJq creation? audi that, in ho0: it ig agamatfJiis dtgmty andf his; cotweience to budge one incaOn comes thej thundering ocomoiive the, dclteyetsrevery borte nifvjo broken; but the white f raj n ia-per up? trowthB.4racind smished'with the iojisTof many better Urea than ihntnf.K jackass,v: y iin- . v : f - Virtueis Both: title hnd anvtnf: a tiiU 9 ,T ho mostmltedV lecaue it isGod whocon ferajt ; an estate the most .rich, because Tit ndrirei rbreveriXEnvmayliQl: derogate uo.unc,.;cause . ii js yruten m tner dook of Heaven, andfraud cannot tlrrninish tbtf estate, because no iri can reach it s,.- . . AjTREATYrv" scttU and defiiic ike .BoimdarieiMetteeen ih?TmtoTie oTthe United State ami in North America? far &e nat itpmei sion of tke African Slave Trade, and for) '" wWres. crtaia oorudns of the line of boamlary LwttJtterlJnhett'tattS of Antgficaftnd Uwfiritisbf domiaions in Nortp Auer tea, dc&cnbect m me 5econa Article of die Treaty of Peacaof 1783, have not yet been ascertained aod. detetmtftedr OtXwtthstanding the repeoteit attempt which "have been -heretofore made for that purpose jvbereas, " isnow tuoagbt to be for he.iaienwti boih parties, tuaayoidinfwr-, ftier diacuspKm oftbeir respective rights arising 10 ttu respect ttndertbe taid treaty tbey eHoold greb-n a gooviniional ride in'said jxttiiata of .it wiaanda ry, wicbas may be coiwemeo ;o .-bot.h)axue, witb such eqaivalenfa -and corojnsltttons, a are ,dctned jut and teawabte : And Whereas, by the' Treaty edhomded ai Gtiient.'on ihtf 24tlr day of December, I, between jJie Uttiied Sjawft-and 1 jMitawjic Majesty, aa article was asreed 9. .d inser d of, twe thiirinr (mm. vi t 'Art 10., VVfaereasn&e traffic io Slave W.ifteeoftcitatle With the. priueiptes of Jiu-' tnauiiy ana jubiico , nnu wuereas,- -j. atid tho, United Stares, are deirou.of continuing ihir eEbrts to protioieit5emireabotitipn,uisbret sg'eed tbatlmth tha eflntraetins oartie -shall rise tboif Dest BDoeaTors to aocornpisii: bu ucsiibuw m -wvy Aud.wberea, notwiibstandkvg the hrws wbkjbf-haye. a various times been passed by the two gpveriunents, and the eflbYts made to-'sappress i, that criraiQa.i iraiHc is &l brosecuted and" oirried bn : And ' whereas; the V. States of America and Her Majesty, the Qaeeh of . 1 T T -. I TXT . . 1 r TJ ' . k I ImLmJ .M determined iha, 6 far a may be jn. their power t shall befieciually abolished,: And whereas, it - is 'Toobeteioedient for the better administration of justice 'and-the prevention of crttae wkhjn the territories add jurisciKHion of ie two panies rwpeeiwwj , :uv pri sons comlfiiuiDg thexrHaaes oereinajter . errarperafea. and being fugitives frortf justice, should, tmder-eertatri circumstances, be ectpoeally deliveTed'np J"Tbe United Slates of Arfterica and Her JSritaante Majesty, bavirtg resolved to treat on these several subjects, have for that purpose, apointed their respective Plenipoten tiaries to negotiate and conclude a Treatjrthar is to. say, the PcesidJ of the Unhed States tias,T on his fart, famielied with lull powers, Daniel Webster. Secretary of State of the UnUed States, and Her Ma jestylSthe Queen pf the United Kingdom of Great Bri tain and Ireland, has on her pan appointed the Right Honorable Alexander Lord, Asbborton, "a Peer of the said United 'Kingdom a member of Her Majesty's most honorable Privy CodncTI, and Her Itaiestys I Minister Plehiootentarv on a Soecial Mission to tb umieu'oiaies,. wno, atier areeiprwarcuuHuuuiviuipn xn their respective fuU powers, have agreed to and sign ed tho -foil wing A nicies i . It 4s hereby agreed ' and declared that the line of boundary shaH be ai follows : Beginning at the Morjament at the source ofthe River.St. Croix4" as designated andagreed to by tbe V orn mvss ton ers under tUe 5ih Article in the Treary f f 1794,. bet ween the. Governments of tbe United States ana vireai smam ; inence, norta, joiiowmg ute exptor ing fine ruo and marked byvthe Surveyors of the fwo Governments in the years 18 17 and I8t8,Hnder the fifth article of -the treaty-of Ghent,' to Its intersection! with the river St. John and Jo tlio rriiddle of the channel thereof ; tiieoB, upthe middle of th main cliannel of santiver St. John, to the mouth of the river St. Fran cis : iheace, ptbe middle or the channel 'of, the said, river St- franeis, and of Uio Lakes through. 'Which it fiowsr to. the. outlet. of tha Lake Polwnagamook i tbeoce,SotMhwesterty, in, a straight Una to a. point on tbe Northwest branch of the riyer St. Johtuwhich point, shall bfe ten miles distant from the main branch of the si. Johrtt in a straight line, and m tbe nearest airec ;ion phut if the said point shall- be foand. td be i less than seven miles from thoi nearest point or surnrnit or crest of the highlands that divide those rivers Which empty themselves into the nver Su Lawrence from those jvhich fell into the river St John, to a point 7 miles in a.stralgUt line froaribe said samroit or creM ; thence, in a straight -line in a course about South eigltt degreesovest to the point where the parallel of latitude of 46 dig. 25 mm, north intersects the Southwest branch of tb& St. :Jdhn t' thea, Southerly by .the said branch, to the source thereof in the highlands at the Matjarmatte . portage thence, down' along' the" said highlands which divide the waters wbichxntipty themsetevs into the -river. St-Lawrence. from those which fall into the- Atlantic Ocean, to the head of Hai's stream thence down the middle. of said stream till the line thus run intersects the ord-line of boa ndary surveyed "and marked by Valentine'' and Collins previously to the year 1774', as the.45th de gree of north latitude; and which has been known and understood to be the .line of actual division be tween the States of New "York and Vermont on one side, and the BntisW Province of Canada oat tbe other and, from sdid pomt- intersection, west along "She said dividing line as heretofore known aau unuersioou to the Iroquois, or Su Lawrence Rives. '. It is moreover' aereed. that. from, the place where tbe joint commissioners terminated their tabors; under the sixth article of the Treaty of GheriVfta wk -t At a point in the JJeebrik channel,, .near Muddy Lake.lhe lina shall fun into a nd along the ship channel, between; Su Joseph and St Tammany Islands, to ma division of the channel at or near the head of. St. Josepb?a I, land ; tlience," taming eastrdly; :ahdT horthvriraiy, around the1 lo we'r' end bSt.- George's or Sugar Island) -and -following the tniddler of4h ehannd whichdlvidei 55t.-George's from St. Joseph's Island ; thence, tip the easiXeL-biik channeL aearest to St, Georjre'a, Inland, through the midille ; of Lake George t thenc west of t Jonas Island, into Sti Mary Y River, to a point ia tie hiiuuw ui tuai river, aoouone mne aoove ou. vseorce 1 prSugar Islandso as to appropriate' and assign the I said Island to. the-United States i thence adopting the une, traceu on nniaps ty tne-commtauoners-mrooga the xivex , Mary and -Lake Superjnr, . ,to .av point north ?f lie Jlojal In said latte, brie hundred yards to the north' arid east of fie Chapeau,' which last mert lioned island lies - near the northeastern point f lie Royal,, where tbe line t marked by the commissioners tenniuHtes j end from-tue last mentioned point, south westerly, throuah the tniddle oftbtf sound between l e . Royai and the northwestern main-land to tbVhioatb " igcvu inn uu tuv oaU ku, luu wiuugu. the north and -south FowF Latent the Lakes of the height -ef Landi betweealjake Superior and the Lake: of the Woodsj theoce along the water cornmunicatien toX.ake SttUaqaloagayaiid thf6oghthat hvkef thence, to and through Cy press JLake. Lid .Du. Blanc. Lac la Croix, Little Vermillion Lake, and Lake N- mecan, ana through the severar smaller lakes, stcai ts. . orstreama, connecting the lakes here- faentiooedr io lhat pomt tn Lac U Pluis or Rainy Llk&attha Chan -dierp Falls, froat which the Commissionera traced tha -line to the most northwestern, point of theXakeof the, vvDoas,- inence aiong trie sakl lino to theaiJ most northwestern point"-being In latitude" 49, 55NV north; and m languoda 14& 38v west from tbe Observajry, at Greenwich; thence according; to ei isting treaties, doe south to .its &r-ctiofr. with lhr 4A par'!e1 eforth tUudfrrjsBonoo"ihal par it yu tun nocKyaioontaina. it oetng tjnderaiood at all the, waler - torBhmnlcatibnsi and all the tisnW at portages' along tho. -line -from, JkeSaperlor "ttff we-.4jaica.ot : me, woodland also tlrand Parian xwiHweTOore q t.ajte superior 40-tna rigeoat Riverv f. .1. .1 . . i . ' " w"T ; j.wwn.jwwvw- anu open io me indurfrr of all the iahabitaots of th Countries watered Jy ihe Wver 8ioVn.and-ita frmntaries, vrhatherUW BrnnswlcMt-U agreed ,that, where, by th provisions. pt tde present treaty, roe River St; John is dectared tq fee thejina of bouhda'ryb navigation of said Kiver ahatt be, free atnf ope to both parties, and shall In ' na -way he ohsrhicled by either i that all the prodooe of me ioresi, in, iogsi iomDer timber, toatdV staves or sbidglea, oc.of sgricuftuja tmt bernf anufactuTed; grown; on ariyM-thoae parts of the SuteoC Maine wa. "FFJt ,fte - 8tv hn, or by.ltr tribntaries. ef wptcu laci reasonable evidenca shall. -if rMrtIrJ: he produced, shall have free access Into n4 through the' said river and its said tribhUries, hSfirg their source iwlthta the State of Maine, to-and from theacapoit at thinoirthoXlh,,!. and tq and tuw vi vuo woBnm ana sumecisoi both countries. 1. , - AKTicttv. nu .,W. .-, ; l In order te promote the interests and enconM? thS rqan4r the rails of said Kw, either bylxmfj nr Other eottvevaatWiftat when ' wit ht,.u. .H New TraBswUk, ihe s.JprodDce shall be .p4uo iiwuuv wi Hi province ; that i i inanoer, ihe inhahitenW of tbe Terrtf, .t. "ke St. Jolid detetmined by tbn treatv to 1it. BTitatmic Majftrtyall have free access tan,i toe n vert for their jducer in those parts wher &C GCC.- In order to Dromote theintP... . . n. cogrago the industry of Jail ihe inhabiuni Countries watered bv the River SL lah 1 butariea, whether living whhin the Stale of Sr.: . i ih ovmcs jf Nw BroMWicklt is ar!J ,!or where, by lh provtekma -of the "present treaty il River Jofin is declared to be the Ihie of bound the na.yigation of said River shall be free and opej?' both partie,and shall in n way beobstructed by ehL thai rail tbe produce of the forest, h logs, lumber r being rnatmfacured,rowii oaf any of those part. the Buue of Maine watered by the River St if by its tribmaries, of which -fact reasonable eviAL -.n if u ..avi,, - A..H i . Wee uui) ihjuiku, uc yuvuvcUf Mian nave I fee Into and through the said river and its said tributart having their source within the State of Maine tn aromtne -seaport as me jnoato oi-tbe said Rjver Si Johnand td and.on4.er 4hFatIs of said River, eiih, by tobHTarojberednveyance ; that when wifhjn rfaeroyuiee of New Hrenswiek.ihe swdprodu sKaii ud urairviiiu vum ii u wcio we jiuuucc Ul salt rrovinre long to her Britannic Majesty, shall have free acres, to and through Jhejiver ffitheir produce, in those, pan, rwhere the rfaid river ruos'wholly thraueh thP Si.! ., f Mairjej'provldfd always, that this agreement shall uu nguk iu buuw f"'-7 i" luicuere wtm any rnli iKtiuiiiiBHMtt we lernas . or this which. thaGorverBrnehts repeciively, of Maineorlf treatj, new orunswicaTBaj maaa Respecting iDe navjtiot of the said mer, when both briks thereof shall Moo 1a 4rtJl aeiMAnaff v -V - i"- ; v " " i- -i'.V "-4TICL IT. All grants' of land b.eretotre made by either p3Ttj within tbe Ihnits of the.terjitwry which bj thiV treaty .IkllWhhiir the dominions of the other i ff i j i ouai DC heldi valid,. iraihWt and confirmed to the persons in possion under ach grarnto tbe same extern ss if socn territory naa Dyws.tTeaiy iaiien within the do mfnions of the party by whom such grants were made and all "equitable possessary claims, arising from i poaseaston. ana, TinproKement ot any lot or parcel of land by the person actually in possession, or by tk, under whom such person claims, for mnre than fyears befora the date ojt socn. treaty, shall, in like manner, Deocemeo vno,ana oeconnrmeti and qrj etej by a release to tna person entitled thereto, of the liik to such lot or parcel f land; sa described as best to in. elude the improvements made thereon v and m allots, et respects the two oontrartrng parties agree to deal up. ortlhe most liberal principles of equity w'uh the set. tiers actually dwelling "A ihe territory falling to then respectively, which ha heretofore heen in disputed tween them. " : - Whereas, in tbe course' of tbe coBttoversv resned. in thedispmfd territory tin the" Northeastern Boon tlary, soma msneys bave4oen received by the autbori ties f ; Her Brjtannjc Majesty V. Province of New Brunswick, with the intention of preventihrdeDrdi. ituna uu ins nwesis i me shiu lerriiorv, waicn raaner. .1 lli, ti.'.f'll. l.1!!!.!. : ' were carried to a fund called thIhBtiteu'Territory Fund," the proceeds whereor it Was agreed should be hereafter' paid oyer toW"partfes interested, in iheDro. pontons ra o ueMsrroHjtvMJ w seiiiement of boun daries. 1 t Jiereoy agwoai a correct account of all receipts and paymeris on the said fund, shall be delivered to ine.-uoveftnent ot the United States wiimn six momus any ue rauscanon oi this treaty and the proporjions of the amount dueJhjeoD tn jh' States of Maine-andMassachusetts, and anx bondi and securities-apperpning thereto, shall Hfe paid and delivered over, to ip government of the Upited States : and the- Gcrnraent.cf the United Slates scree to -receive ibf the "use of, and pay over to the f States of Maine -am1 Massachusetts . their respertice portions axaaut iqri and further to pay and satisfy -said SialevipecaeJy, r.j! all claims for expenses in- curreu ny mem iiwrototuog jmv eaiu uereioinie uis puted territory; arf mhkjag a survey thereof in 183g; the Government the Dtritetl- States agreeing with the States of Map and Maasachrisetts to pay them the further aum I three, hhndred thonsand dollars, in equal moJtfes .onlceount f their assent to the tins of boundary descnld an ttustreaty.and tn consideration ot me eqwvaierireceiveu. meretor, trpm, we uorrra ment of He Baniaic'.Msjestyv t .Y jntTictv vr. r ft is furthermore .understood -and. agreed, that for the pttrpbse f ronntng1 those parts 6f tbe line be tween Xh6 soice of tba St JCroht and the St. Law rence River, Mch Will rerrBweto'.be run and ascer- tainedft and, fd making tbe residue of said line' by prop- er moijunieni vu nv iauu, r w vvufiuiKiuucii ber ippoiritel one- jbyvtije President the United Sferes, by anf with lfie advice and consent of the Sen ate thereof, iod" na.;hy"fter Britannic Majesty; and tb,W'Cbrais8wnra.ShalLmeer a in the Sute of Mlney onj$be.fitst-day,of May next, or a soart there Jef af tnay ber ajad shalf proceed to mark the line awi 'cacribea'v front -the source of the St. zbf lolhlRrer St. John and shall trace on prop eV marks l dwding'Une'alotlg said Itiver, and along the river 3 Francis,-to the outlet of the Lake fobo nagamookl and, froai th outlet of said Lake.ahey shaUascsfuh, fix, and mark by durable monument upon tbeind.-the lihe'.described in the first article of this tieatCla00" tbrsaitf Cotnmissloners shall make to each ofjrc&scJtive Governments a join t report or declsratin underHheir jMtnds and seals,' designating anxdt lint o boundary, and shall Accompany said re" port or eclarationVtih maps certified by them W b true ma oi ine new iwuuuary. v ' AttTlCt Til. lliarther agreed il thp thannela in the river j. .1. " . . ----- St. lrence, on,hqth siderot the JAOngoaalt islands, ana oiuwimait iimuivi , ia uuiik lit n"-i trptt, In both sides oaMJ IsJadd of Boi Blanc, and betwen that island and both' the American and Cana dian bores ; ana all thejseveral channels and passa- tnwn (hR varinmrislandd lvinr near the ioDO ucm the -nver St Clair, With tna lake ot that nanw, hat eduaHy free andppea to the snips, vesw and ats 'of both partiesi i f 5 . heTlarUs mnttoi that each shall pre pa& etjyip, arid tnaintsin in service, on the coast o Africa, a sufficient and adequate squadron, or naw fore of easl, i suiUbJo-nombera and descrip Mthmi i atooV tfiefllave trade t the aatd squadrons oi' depembf,cfi-tther,Diit the two w-J- sttpulsUnTenhelesa, w give such oroo, . u officers cnmindinfci their ' tespecitve forces, as swj enable tiem most effactually lo act in concerts coeWaW, 'poa mtltaal consultation, as e e eie alitor the attaiBment of the true ob of thla,irtichn eopiea of all sockorders lo oicatodby each Government to the otner mmh noiwithstaBding, all efforts be made on-the Coast of Africa for; suppresa aafg $lav,Traa.ei the, fiicifitles tot moatX and Avoiding tba vigilance of. crowers by the'" d lent use of flags, and other meaos, are tie round tor aiaes, so nruug, .bat ultmay be long delayed, unless JC" ing represent aiioo ana rrauo.- k rkeU ar Wl Powers within whose dominions such markew allowed to exist ; and that they -wiB h such PoWera the propriety and doty t markets af oW and loravefc -- 30 . . - t.i.:. m tT;-J RtntM and Her Boi? lA Mrvw 4n all laoia than- AirrhlV fflinS. W separately respective1yr the laws, rights and odu- of iAfth -of - thiiwn 'Ann nines. lor Uie yr- Majesty shall epon mutual requisitiona f theirMmisters. OScers, ov.Authimtie, made, deliver iUp to- jostica,: all person. who,b ' 1 t 1? ' 1, " n. -1 ZX1 1