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POLITICAL;
The South American
V Question. ' ti t
ftotn the N. Y. EV. Post of Feb A 19.
The folic vving: Utter received
from one ol our correspondents at
Washington, presents this unpor'
tant. subject 10 so interesting, so
Just, and ;so imposing an aspect,
as should cbmmand1 the attention
of every man who feels' a due con
cern for his country's welfare, - f
-' The ordinary busintss before
Congress seems to be going on'as
lisuali and quietly the: question
of a provision for the surviving of
ficers of the revolutionary armv is
"still depending, and what will be
its form or fate is very . uncsr;;.in;
f " There are however, beneath
this qufetsutface two or three ; sub
jects of importance, : which ; may
be brought up during, the present
session, anl discussed, with more
animation and zeal than, hitherto
have PDDeared in . the debates of
.. ,, w ... i ...... if ' i
the present winter. , No one sur
rounded by greater I difficulties,
than that relative to the indepec
dence of the patriot colonies,
1 14 It is understood that the pres-
" tdent feels no indifference reipect
Tbg the exertions of these colonies
to establish their independence
"but that he' is nevertheless desir
bus of' persuing a cautious course
' relatives to themvV'and which
- While it accords with theif views;
, shall not endanger the great inter
Cat of the Ufaited States.
.';, With a firm conviction that
the independence of these eo!q
tiics must materially, promote the
welfare and prosperity of the U.
States, and that so long as the war
is confined to Spain and the colo
nies, there is a Tittle probability
that Spain will be able td re es
jSisblisb her dominions over . them
our policy.can hardly be .rnista-
.' If no other foreign power in
terfere,ve shall best promote the
views of these colonies and y best
consult our own welfare, by also
sbstainiag from all direct intcrfcr
ence in thc ivar, and from every
measure, vhichv-may not be re-
tractec
d with honor,' or satisfaclo-
rily explained
" It is scarcely to be doubted
that the foreign governments have
been sounded, and ; their policy
as respects trie; war between Spain
and the colonies seems to? be un.
partial and neutral. If the iTnC
ted States pursue a different course
fining their cares to the. old world I
be disposed to take ihio t nA.
ation the affairs of the new ? Ah
though in a question affecting the
honor;or essential -rights of .the
nation," we tJught npt to be cleter
red by-this- consideration vet in
a concern, or calculation; bf an in-1
icresi merely evpntiii 'nnj
which tne mam interpQf, r
unru party tne same should not
be altogether disregarded. ' " -
" Tl!c kn?wMge which f is
possessed by those who are', best
luiurmcu concerning t a m'nAl
tion ot the Spanish c& ie i
surprising delettiye; av : little
satisfactorytheir situation mav
De oetter, ;and it may be worse.
tnan is supposed to ' be and rh
Oect of the commissioners sent
out by the'presidenti is to obtain
run and ;more precise intelligence
on this subject Tb adrmt on.
decisive or irrevocahlV
respeenng the colonies in the
present scanty ;and. ambiguous
state of information concrrning
them,' and when more authentic
mfoimatioo may, at no distant
day, be expected, would seem to
be evidence of restlessness Wand
rashness, ratheAhao of modera
tion and prudence. , V. ;t J;
. , " It must not, however be im-!
agiued, tnat the most decioled
friends of the Spanish colonies,'
are desirous that the U. S. should
take a part with them, in ihe ' yt
with Spain ; on ;the contrary, tht
admit the correctness of thi bolicv
that enjoins upon the U. States tn
remain neutral y bu thev allege,'
that without acknowledging the
independence of these colonies, & s
thertJiv cstabltshinir between 'nv!
g between r us
relations- cxi3t,
and Spain, the
md t;.em the full re
i sti her be twee n u s
veutr.dity ; Vs only noniinai.t and
ney illustrate this allegation bv
.fucis,-. and observations, which if
t ... .... J -
not Conclusive, are very nlausihle I
i neir counsel therefore h is. and
such, we are told,' will be the adz
vice that they will urge en , Con;
gress to give r to ; the President,
that the United States shall im
mediately' acknowledge the inde
pendence of one of more, of the
Spanish colonies, ; which'F it is said
are now in. the actual; possession
of independence i and. they assert
,hat suchf; acknowledgn?ent,jis a
measure, which can afforb' no j ust
tause of pfFeoce to :; Spaiu''iand
that it is not only consistent with,
out, absolutely nectssarvhto an
impartial system bf neutrality; i,
! Th4tit iscbmpeieotibr the
nation to follow this advice, Lno;
body will doubt but: alf must a
grce;that, in doing so, we subject
ourselves to all its hazards and
uncertainties: V . . ,C . s
t " In the actual ; posture of af
fairs, it may be expedient to "suf
icr una cumpiicaieu, &uojeci tore
main with the ; President little
longer undisturbed by the inter-
lerence oi congress. . .
He ought best to understand
the temper and the policy bf for
eign ' go ve rn mentis his I : station
enables him to obtain in formation
and his duty requires of him ire
fully to weigh the contradictory
representations concerning the
c ondi tion of these colonies His
opinions are believed td be friend
ty to their independence, and -the
responsibility, of his oHcc is fa
vorable to the prudence of ni3 de
cisions. , , . v , . . , . r
i4 If the President be pressed
by Congress to acknowledge the
independence of any uf theSpanish
colonies, and to exchange minis
ters with them, however innocent
this proceeding may be deemed
by us to be, : and whatevel quota
tions ye may make from' the wri
ters ia public law, to prove our
may not trie powers - which have t ;; iQ tne c
cnarged themsejveavith the hieh Cetoturr
police of Europe, instead cf ron ! Spain to
the same just and harmless light
' I " According ; to , the colonial
system of Spain the trade with her
colonies is a raonoply- and their
practice under th:s system has
been to seize and confiscate the
shipsfand cargoes of all . interlo-
ipers 'found upon the coasts of the
arly part bf . the' last
gland made war upon
oblige her ; to renounce
!s Practic she concluded the
war without effecting its object, &
Spain has since1 continued it
1 Our acknowledgcmen t of the
independence v, of these, colonies
anQt abridge the rights of Spaiu!,
nor Retrain : tier ' exertions to en'.
'orcfe "er laws of trade,,or ,to re-
uuce .tne . colonies to snhmn
sion... -"-
But, although it mav not im
pair the right bl Spain, as rtspects
ourselves, it will place onr trade
and intercourse with the new states
on the same footing-as our trade,
and intercourse h with: -England,1
France, or any otler nation ; .and
our citizens will h-jve the; same!
right to call upon congress to pro
tect them in this; new equally as
in any other legitimate branch of
navigation and trade. ' t - --
l This collision. could have but
one result some persons see o
thiog discouraging in a ? war ;yith"
Spain r , and a war with Spain
alone,' would uot be forni
dable but we eannot be certain,
nay we can hardly expect in , the
extraordinary condition of Europe
that other powers may not be
drawn in.to take a part in a war
having tor its object the scpara
tion of the Span ish colonies. 'The
probability of tiir, .event is notdi
mini shed by the notorious fact that
Spain hag i taken .great pains to cir
culate throngh ,the courts of Eu
rope, an opinion that-. we. are seek
ing ab'occasion t: ro to war witK
jher ; thit we rc'ovtt -ii conticous
territory,' and indulge
in views
stui more t xtcnsive. ( . v . ; :
- ll " - . v
Although we know, that this
opinion is wholly without fouodc
lini ancl 'that the same is a sham
t ' a" "V? ine same, is a sname
j u cvci willcn Spain makes use
iof to cover her inJ -'"ice' in conr
tinuing'l6(deoy;o us ah adequate
reparation for the multiplied mm
ries sue nas uone us ; stui otners
do not know this fact t and the b
pinion is on this account, not the
:ess muuenuai in exciting iclousv
nor the less likely to lekd certain'
pewers, to interpose, first,' their
mediation, and their arms in a war
brought on bur acknnowledgment
of the independence of the Span-
isn colonies ana then oy tne as
istatace,: which by , our ; interfer-
ence, may oecome tne f occasion
of Spain's receiving, the, difficult
ucs oi uie colonies may. oe muiti
plied , the d anger of their- subjec v
tion eocreased, and the period of
their indejp'endence'ofemd;.'':':: ,v
i . : "' So little. are these y lews the
result of timid conjecture, or-bf a
viibhary speculation,' and there
fbre uh worthy pf the considera
tion of our statesmen," that . they
are derived from the only ..analo
gos case, with whose - history, we
ire well acquainted, the case of
our own rcvuiuuon. .-r . - - , ;
I us We solicited France lb recop
nize our independence for a long
time before she consented to do so
As soon, however ' as she resol-
ved on the step, instead of rely
fng upon the innocence of the act,
ana ner rigm ru avow it sne iook
cd well into the; question, not on
ly .-.o( what ought to-be, "but fur-,
th er, of wh I prob ably : ; w buld be
the conduct v of, England,, when
she should avow h r ack'nowledge
merit. Although she might have
sent forth a manifesto m justifica
tion of her conduct, demonstra
ting its innocence and proving by
citations from writers on the Taw
of nations., that her recognition
could afford no just cause of of
fence tb England ; still she well
understood that it would be tun
viiSM and impolitic to rely on the
efneacy of manifestoes or to omit
thossmeasures of precauticnhich
ia allprcbsbility wculd be,t which
right, no man can believe' 1 1 that
Spain will see : our- interference" l
.jni ifaer preyed, to be nccessa
ry. , it--'. , w
n'V When. therefore the ambas-
sador,, announced to the 'Engrisb
gevernment that r ranee - had ac
knowledged the .independence of
tne U. -States,- he added , thus be .
ing determined efficaciously to pro v
tect.the lawful commerce bf her
subjects,1 and td maintain the hoo
or of her flag, France had ; taken
with! the. United States :jcventuaL
measures; for. this ; purpose."-
There was .dignity r in .this pro
cecding, and the event proved that
there was equal wisdom. r ? w-'
i u Instead then sof j endeavoring,
to convince, and to persuade the
public, thatitiie acknowledge,
ment of the i ndependence of the
Qpamsh Colonies, is a mere harm
less and unconsequentiul act that
wemay. jaw fully do, and. which
ought not, and therefore will not
givcoiTence to others; it behoves
those who may be, .called oaao
examine this subject, to extend
their enquiries, a little; further to
look .into the influence .oilhe- pas:
lions bn public measures, and to
examine what, according .to the
cqdrseof human a&airs, allowing
to power, , to pride, and to the
mortificatiott of disappointment,
their natural, influence,: is likely to
be the consequence of our acknow
ledgement of the. Independence
of the;.Spanish colonies.
t If this be done, if it Btill be
deemed both just and ; expedient
to make such acknowledgement.
me pieaiueni win lortnwatn enter
into:
iicuiics ui iricnusnip auu
cpmtnerce; with jhc : new? states,
not tb.secure to the United States
exclusive .commercial i advanta
tages, but to prevent such advan
tage" being granted to others
Whether he will also conclude
with them treaties of alliance, ha
ving for their, object the estab
lishment of their - independence,
and engaging mutual co-operation
and succor, arc questions of the
ti i g h es t political im pbr ts, and the:
discussion of which willj call for
the most profound deliberation
He will furthermore i give prompt
and formal notice to Spiin, that
he , has acknowledced the inde
pehdence of the new, stales '; that
he has formed with them treaties
of friendship ancf cbmmeVcV ; and
that the U. S. being determined
iu protect me uniawiui commerce
of their citizensj and to maintain
the honor o their flag, have ta-
Ken me necessary measures lor
this: purpose. -: , V v
'Among these measures should
befound the immediate re.estab
lishment ot'the internal taxes'in-
cludifcg a' land tax the augmen
tation of the -srmy ; and the e
quipWeiit of the whole "naval
force; ? f. . ; - :
" ' He who believes; and endca-
vouri ;tb' persuade the' country,
th:t; the United. States : can for
mally acknowledge the indepen
dence of the Spjuish Colonies
without adopting adequate meas
ures of precaution, ought not to,
ce regarded as a a&lc and expe
rienced counsellor. ' "; "?v J i
v " If the United States resolve
to acknowledge the. independence
of the Spanish Colonies be it eo
but let the oatioa be prepared
rn an fully to maintain their ground
when once takenand instead of
indulging in ' the . hope ; : that this
can be elfected by orations and
manifestoes, let them understand
that it tnust be . done i by defence
and Dy.arms.; :;,r . - :t
u That a general sympathy and
universal good twishesin favor of
tne ppanisn ; voionies,' ; in tne
struggle with their unnatural par
ent do exist, and are cherished
throughout the v United .States,
and this too with ; unexampled a
nanimity no man who attends to
what is passing around him, : will
entertain a doubt and any . mea
sures which" would promote their
success without involving the U
nited States in great and compli
cated di&culties, would . be uni
versally approved. . ' .
Dut in the indulgence of these
feelings, we, must be restrained
by a paramount duty7-the wel
fare and safety of our own coun
try, are ths objects cf or.r first
a d higher, care while the great
htcrests and honor 6f the United
States an violated, it is to', their
vindication thit the; government
shoud first attend ; aud no re
mote, or mere, collateral policy
should divest, or withdr its
rcgaru irom mis most urgent
duty.- . .. ,: ..: -v
, If; the essential rights and the
sovereignty oi the United States
have been, and continue to be vio
lated by Spain ; if Rafter long and
patient negotiations', to obtain an -adequate
reparation, of these in.
juries, Spain not only ' persists lb
reiusmg stistaction, but from' our
forbearance, has of late added in-
honor of the nation permit a fur i ' :
Jul, negociatign? will - not i such
continuance sink, us deeper in hu
miliation, and emboldebiSpaio to
rise still higher, if possible, in
the tone of contempt and Sworn ?
Rather,", than thi . let; oCir
Minister in Spain be, recalled let
all furthernegociationB-both here
and there be broken off let ; the
whole subject be, brought before'
congress, and let them resolve to
truckle to Spaing or to prepare to -vindicate
the national honor.'
4k It is more than probable, that
this course will have its' proper '
effect on the Spanish councils
those who know them best, will
teast. apuDt, a; pacific and- satis
factory result Shbuld Jt nrove
otherwises the interim will h
been employed in those measures,
which after this proceeding, can
not be omitted and the - war will
call tor only, a short .expositiohj
to satisfy the world of its justice.
" In such a waf,juar and nei
cessary we cannot, presume that
any other nation. will interfere a
gainst us nor doubt, that by the
vigour of our arms,, and Ihe fa
vor of Heaven, it will be jprose
cuted to a speedy, and honorable
'( . ; . .' - t 3 V-
If Spain force us into a' war
let South : America remember
that the enemy of her enemv, is
more than half herririend.
From the Gcne&see. W. n rm. .
: T " m V
Self immolation. The folio .
ing account of the sacrafice of a
Hindoo xvnninn. en tViT f.f.it
pile of her busbahel, may be re
lied on, as authentic. It is an ex
tract of a letter froiri Mrs; 'IV -
Newtoni a resident in Calcutta; to'
her friends in this country, "one
of whom has politely favored us
with a1, copy for publication.
Mrs. Newton is 3 native bf Pittsv
field, Mass. where her parents
now reside; 5 :. - ':
: "Calcutta; June 18, 18ir.
Tr'yu. f1 F4cri my aeares
friends, to tell you I have witnes
sea one ot tne most cxtraordina-
ry ; and .horrid scenes ever ; per
formed by human beings, namely,
the self immolation of a 7omaa
on the funerarpiie of . her husband
-rThis "dreadful sacrafice has
made an impression on 4 my mind
that years 'wjll not efface. I thank
my God that I " was . born in a
Christian land and instructed ia
the Christian religion.
This event is so recent, I can
hardly'cbmpbteinyself sufficient
ly to relate .it. Iiast night I could
not close my eyes, nor could I
Vdrive this tharty red woman frotn
mv jrecoiiectioc. ,1 atn almost
sfck to day, anb! I , am sure you
iviU not wonder at , it. But tnis
ceremony is so biucTi celebrated,
and by my countrynen cb much
doubted, that I was resolved to
see , if suchdeeds could be. t
h4vc seen and the universe would
not induce rae to be present oa a
similar occasion. I cannot real
ize what I have seen. It seems
like a horrible dream.
; Yesterday mcmiog at 7 o'clock
this woman .was brought ia a pal
anquin to , the place of sacrifice.
It is on the banks of the Gangesf
two miles only, from Calcutta.
Her husband bad been " pre viJuify
brought to the : ri er to expire.
His disorder was hvdranhobia
(think of the agony this must have
occasioned him.) He had cqt7