THE ERA iinii:nT.icv WEEKLY NEWS- PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY. TAPER THE CENTRAL ORGAN (SEE RATES OF SUBSCRIPTION OF THE PARTY. ON THIS PAGE.) THE ERA. W. 31. HKOWX, Manager. OrKicKover the North Carolina Book store, corner of Fayetteville and Mor gan streeU, tirst door south of the State Hou.e. One year, - - - - f2 10 Six months, - - - - 1 05 Three months, - - 55 ,21-IN VARIABLY IN ADVANCE. 15. PKOSPECTUS. . , , " VOL. IV. RALEIGH, N. C, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 11, 1875. NO. 34. Job Work executed at short no tice and in a style unsurpassed by any similar establishment la the State. , RATES OF ADVERTISING : Ono square, one time, - - $ ioa " . " two times, : - : j - 1 60 " " three times, . j,. 3 00 Contract advertisements taken at proportionately low rates." !'' POETRY. A Representative and Championof Amer ican Art Taste f Pro.prt'titi for 1 -7.-- I'AgUtU Year. THE ALDINE, The "Art .Journal of America, IH-UIi:i- MONTHLY. A ui:t;iilift conception wonderfully carried out." 'I h necessity f a Mtpular medium l .r t representation !' the produo t;.m- of our ureal Hrti-L-, h;u alwy t-cit reo;;uizM, and iiiaiiv attempt h tve been made lo meet the want. x nc ...i.vcHsivo failure which" invariable wllowcd pti h attempt in tuU countrv t . establish an art journal, did not provt the iiidilTerence of the copie of A tiler let l' me riaim ,s" as a proer appreciation of the want ami an ability t meet it were shown, th. Iii !!ie af oiM-e rallied with enthusiasm to it-, support, and the result was a re.ii ariittc and commercial triumph ii k Ai.niXK. IukA mii.nk, whilo issued with ali Ji.-i emai ity, has none of the tempo r:irv it riMKLY intei t characteristic ui : l ..... I . f . : I ..... .. nr'.iiltry pel loon .us. ii is an rn-an eliany of pure, li;lit, am! grace. u. I ti-ralurt ; and a collection !' picture- th.- rarest s-eiiiiens !' artitic skill, in I.Uck and wniie. Although each sue i-.-e.iin,; iiuiuUir atl-mis a lreh pleas urto its friend, the real value ami 1. aiity oi'TiiK Aldi.nk will be mot., appreciated after it is tound up at th r'lwol ilieywr. Whileother publica ti-ns may claim sujerior cheapness, a--e.inptrcd with rivals of a similar class, Tiik A I.DI xk is a unique and original c nvption alone and unapproaeued absolutely without competition in price r character. The p ssessor of a coin j ; te volume can not duplicate the quan ti. y of line paper and engravings in any ojier bape oi number of volumes foh T-.N TI.MtiS ITS CoST ; AXDT1IKX, TUERh Is TIIK CHRoMO. BK.SIDKS! Tic national feature of TlIK Aldini. mui le taken in no narrow sense, .rue ait is coMnoiolitan. NVtiile Tiik Ai.ui.nk is a strictly American institu- ti .ii, it .! not couuno useir entirely t the reproduction of native art. It nm-d u is to cultivate a broad and ap preciative art taste, one that will dis f . .initiate only on grounds of intrinsic ne-rtt. Thus while placing before the patrons of TlIK ALDINE, as a leading characteristic, the productions of the in -st ii 'ted Americau artists,, attention will always be given to specimens from foreign masters, givingsubscribers all the pleasure and instruction obtain able tioiu home or foreign sources. The artistic illustration of American scenery, original with The Aldine, is an important feature, aui its magnifi cent plates are of a size more appropri Hie to the satisfactory treatment of details than can le a Horded by any in terior pae. The judicous interspersion f laii iscape, marine, figure, and ani mal .subjects, sustain an unabated inter est, impossible where the eope of the work confines the artist too closely to a siiurlc style of subject. The literature f Tn k A i.di x K is a light and graceful :u'coinp.inimeiit, worthy of the artistic :e:tures, w ith only such technical dis- piisitious as do not interfere with the popular lute.s, of the work. IMtC.niLTJI FOIt IS15. Kvery s. ; s. iiber lor Ks75 will receive a Umuu'iu! por'rait, in oil colors, of the miii" ii .tile d.g whose picture in a f TtniT issue attracted so much atten t.oi. .Man's I ns-lfib Fricnd will be welcome in every home. Every b t Jy loves such a ilog, and the iMr tr.t:t is executed so true to the life, that it stems the veritable presence of the animal itself. Tlio KeV. T. De Witt Talma-r t'lls that his own Newfound land dog (the finest m Brooklyn) barks at it! A. though so natural, no one who sees thU premium chromo will have the slightest fear of being bitten. Uesi.ies the chromo, every advance subscriber to I UK ALDIXK for 1875 is constituted a member, and entitled to a.l tiie pri lieges oi Till: ALDI.C AUT U.MO.V. The Union owns the originals of all Tn k A lpisk pictures, vhich,with other pimtiiigs and engraving?, are to be dis tributed among the members. To t'v.Ty scries of 5,000 subscribers, 100 b Here nt j.i.-ts's, valued at itvc $J,500 of at" tiit i dinted as soon as the v.'ri s is lull and the awards of each series as made, are to be published in the next succeeding issueof The Al I'lXK. This featureonly applies to sub scribers who pay for one year in ad vaxck. Full particulars in circular sent on application enclosing a stamp. TEit.ns: One Subscription, entitling to THE ALDIXK one year, the chromo utut the Art Union, ri:u annum in advance. (No charge for postage.) .rtr- Specimen Copies of The Aldine, cents. ill 1- ALDINE will, hereafter, be " 'tainable only by subscription. There id he no reduced or club rates; cash I t subscriptions must be sent to the juiolUhers direct, or handed to the lo tl canvasser, without responsibili ty' to thk ri'RLisiiERs, except iii cases "where the certificate is given, bearing the ! simile signature of James JSut ton, President. CA.WAS.SEIM WA XTED. Any iHirson wishing to act perma nently as a local canvasser will receive bill and prompt information by apply- : to Till: ALDIXK COMPANY, MAIDEN LANE, NEW YORK. 13w Song- from a Irania. I know not if moonlight or starlight De soft on the land and the sea, I catch bnt the near light, the far light, Of rtyes that are burning for mo; The scent of the night, of the roses. May burden the air for thee. Sweet, Tis only the breath of the sighing I know, as I lie at thy feet. The winds may be sobbing or singing, Their touch may le fervent or cold. The night bells may toll or lo ringing; I care not, with thee in my hold ! The feast may go on, and the music Be scattered in ocstacy round Thy whisper. ' I love thee!" "I love thee!" Hath flooded my soul with its sounds. I think not of time that is flying, How short is the hour I have won, flow near is the living to dying, How the shadow still follows the sun ; There is not upon earth, no desire, Worth a thought, though 'twero had by a sign ! T love thee ! I love thee! bring nigher T-iy spirit, thy kisses, to mine! Scribner for January. MISCELLANEOUS. LOVING TIIK MONEY NOT TIIE MAN. 44 Uncle Coleman, I'm going to nmrrv Lucia Frothingham " it 1U IV?K 9! Uncle Coleman nut down his newspaper, pushed hia spectacles up on his forehead, and glared at lus nephew. ' Coins: to marry Lucia Froth- ingham !" lie cried, after gasping awhile in sheer dismay. " iou idiot !" 44 Thanks," was the cool reply. '4 1 know you don't fancy the lady, but where there is a strong mutual iove " ; 44 Strong mutual fiddlesticks !" in terru pted Uncle Coleman,contem pt uously. 44 You may love her ; she is pretty and fascinating, but what she loves is your bank account, my bov. I knew it would be so wnen vour aunt Jennie left you a cool hundred thousand. But boys will be boys. Only, for goodneas sake. wait a year or two before you sad die yourself with a wife." 44 1 am twenty-one, sir," (with an Immense air of dignity.) 44 1 am sixty-four! Now, Frank, do hear reason. Lucia Frothingham is a fascinating woman, touching the thirties, if not already over the line a finished flirt, and as merce narv as she is pretty. I know her. and I tell vou her affection is cen tered upon your aunt Jennie's leg acy, and the half million in pros and though his manner had been asynlcal, his heart had been sorely wrung by the announcement of his engagement, but not from any pal try jealousy or any mercenary mo tive. Had Frank loved a true, tender woman, were she a beggar. his uncle would have given her a miner's love and welcome. But by the life of his own brief married happiness he read the -misery in store for his nephew, if he married Lucia Frothingham- a flirt, extrav agant and selfish. How to save him was costing the old man torturing thought. Active opposition would onlv strengthen what was now hut & boyish infatuation, and yet saved ne must be. Suddenly a light broke over Coleman Burke's face, and he rose irom ft is chair and went to a long mirror in the room. The re flection was not calculated to waken vanity, yet the old man smiled well pleased. 44 If I can only carry it out, it will be proof positive," he thought. Short, fat, nearly bald, with spec tacles, and a cane, Coleman Burke was certainly a strong contrast to the tall, handsome vounsr fellow who had won Lucia for his prom- lseu oriue, yet he said aloud : 44 I'll cut him out !" A week later all the fashionables at the C Hotel at Saratoga knew that Coleman Uurke intended to take a wife. What bird first bore the news on the scented air no one could have told you, but there was no lack of information about the said the young man, astonished at his uncle's energetic proposal. 44 It is you who are to find out. I am already satisfied ! You are to go to the centre window of the small drawing room, on the east porch, and listen to a conversation I am to have, by appointment, with Miss Frothingham.'' 44 Never mind that grand air of contempt. I am to have my way for just one hour, and you can take yours afterward for a lifetime. Will you go ?" 44 If you say so." 44 Go, then." Just a little later Miss Frothing ham, all smiles and white muslin, sailed into the east drawing-room to greet her elderly admirer. With Prison Life in England. The Female Prison at JfiU&ank Howthe Convicts Spend tlieir Time. A correspondent of the London Daily News gives the following sketch of a convict's daily Hfe in the female prison at Millbank : By half-past seven the cell must be in apple-pie order, and all the clothes taken off the bed, neatly folded up inside the quilt, and I placed at the foot of the bedstead. Then comes breakfast, consisting of I a piece of bread and a tin of cocoa, j From Monday to Saturday a pound of bread is daily allowed to each I prisoner. On Sunday twenty-two ounces is the allowance, but, per contra, on this day the prisoners War Ships and their Armor, So great have been the changes vuecteu in snips oi war dv tne in- iroaucuon oi steam ana iron, an Power of Beauty. A woman is only as bid ai she looks," history s ys the is full of old - adage accounts of and the were English paper says, that the navy fascinations of women, who may be said to have been in a tate no Ioncrer voung. Thus. Hplin rf of transition during the present Troy was over forty years old When generation, and will still be so, for she perpetrated the most famous many of the latest inventions are elopement on record : and. aa the siege of Troy lasted a decadel she could not have been very Juvenile when the ill-fortune of Paris re stored her to her husband, who Is reported to have receivedj her with unquestioning love and crati- tude. Pericles weddtd the court- an air of deepest devotion he raised f dine luxuriously off cheese, of which elderly bridegroom in prospective. rveryucKiy inat was anyDOuyj Knew that Loleman Uurke had re tired from business years before, worth half a million of money, and had made fortunate investment? since. That he was decked in fash ion's latest styles, wore diamond studs and rings, carried a switch cane, drove a tine team and occu pied expensive rooms at the hotel, all could see for themselves. Very soon after he came another fact was patent to all observers that he was very attentive to Miss Lucia Frothingham, the belle of many seasons. Mrs. Frothingham hoped in her heart that Lucia would not be a fool, and would remember how far Mr. Coleman Burke's pocket-book out-weighed his nephew's ; also, that an old man's darling was far more apt to have every whim grat ified than a young man's slave. Having delivered this maternal lec her hand to his lips and greeted her with a nowery compliment. 44 1 presume," he said, in a low. tender tone, 44 you are at no loss to guess the reason why I have ven tured to summon you here. You must have understood the meaning of my attentions. Need I tell you i how dear you have become to me? Need I speak of the love you have inspired ?" 44 You are so kind," she murmur ed. 44 1 am contemplating a speedy return to the city, and I wish to ar range for the wedding, if I can ob tain any expression of your wishes. Do you object to an early day ?" 44 Any day will be supremely blest," she said softly, 44 that makes me your wife." t TlT .?r I l-f I AlID rvi t i . 1 . 1 . nephew told me " 44 Oh ! Mr. Burke, you do not imagine I have encouraged that boy ?" with an accent of most mag nificent scorn. 44 He is an amiable young fellow, and I have been kind to him. But love between myself and a boy of that age is simply pre posterous." I am aware that the disparity of years " 44 My dear Mr. Burke, do not speak of that. To me there is a dig nity and nobility about a man who has passed middle life that can nev er be attained without the experi ence of years. Believe me. vou having a slight advantage of me in age will but increase my affection." 44 You are only too kind. Then I may tell Frank that you " Why talk of Frank? Surely 3'ou may choose a wife without your nephew's lnterierence." I choose a wife! My dear young Ion returning from divine service, j Half an hour is allowed for break- , fast, and from eight o clock to nine is devoted to labor. At nine, the prisoners file out down the corri dors into the chapel, where they sit on bare benches, with the; assistant matrons planted here and there on high stools, keeping a watchlui eye over the silent congregation. Pray ers are over in time for all to be back in their cells at half-past nine, when there comes another hour's work at knitting or the making of riarticles of clothing. At half-past ten the straw oonnets, eruiiciess oi j ribbon, are donned, the ugly yellow cloaks are put on, and all, being first marshaled and counted in the " corridors, march into the yard for 44 exercise." "Exercise" means yet upon trial, since the com mencement of the present century, at least three different classes of ships have succeeded each other. At the battle of Trafalgar, in 1S05, the Victory, Nelson's flagship, was considered a model ol a line of-bat tie ship. She carried 100 guns, from esan Aspasia, when she was thirtv twelve to twenty-lour pounuers. six, and yet she afterward, for C omparing her with the Duke of thirtv years or more. wleMnd an eliington, which now floats be- undiminished reputation for beau side hnr in Portsmouth harbor, and tv. Cleopatra was past thirtv when carries the admiral's flag, we find a Antony fell under her spell, which great advance in ship building, never lessened until her death. The DuKe of Wellington carries 131 nearly ten years after; and Li via guns, and is u,700tons burthen, fche was thirty-three when she won the is fitted with engines of 780 horse power, and is altogether the finest specimen existing of a wooden line- of-battle ship. But when we look at our present fleet of ironclads, at the Warrior, or the Sultan, or the heart of Augustus, over whom she maintained her ascendancy to the last. More modern history tells us of the extraordinary Diane do Poitiers, who was thirty-six when the young Duke of Orleans after- Hercules, or the Black Prince, the ward Henry Il.became attached change effected since the old days of to her. Anne of Austria was thirty- wTooden three-deckers, is truly mar- eight when she was described as velous. These ships are completely the handsomest queen of Europe, incased in armor, varying from and when Buckingham and Rich- six to lourteen inches in tnicKness; elieu were her lealous admirers. for it seems that no sooner have we Ninon del'Enclos. the most celo- ture, the widow dilated upon the expenses of the Saratoga trip, and lady, what are you talking about ? was ratner marKeu in ner empnasis i have no intention of seeking a upon a speedy subjugation oi the elderly adorer. And Miss Lucia shrugged her fair sloping shoulders, threw over them a cloud of black lace and descended to the porch where Mr. Burke Wait ed to escort her for a drive. His manner of wooing was certainly more business-like than sentiment al. Where Frank had grown elo wife." 44 No intention of seeking a wife ! Have you not just made mean offer of marriage?" 44 Not at all," was the cool reply. I was under the impression that you were engaged to ray nephew. As Frank is my nearest relative and my heir, I was anxious to win the affection of his nromised wife. But 44 Uncle Coleman," cried his neph- r the beauty of the liquid sinCe there is no engagement be- in J'. C T 11 E II I D G OKXE.tAL COMMISSION MERCHANT in all kinds of PRODUCE, ALSO, esh and Salt Fih, Oysters, Terra pins, Game, Poultry, Eggs, Ac. Foot of Church Street, NORFOLK, VA. Box, o.V. 30-tf 1. O. SECOND IIA.MJ AND 'iVTMNUrKau, double bank f r, very low, at . 1.. DOWN'S. dark eyes, his uncle dilated upon the suitability of diamonds for bru -t-i4-k IvAmif ir T liMr ln.in lr I don't suppose you ever did. ii,r n.,iej nrintivonf , nlntvo kwwl on in f onnnrlon r 1 the slender grace of the willowy figure, his uncle thought velvet was the most becoming wear for slight figures. As they drove the old gen tleman obtained her description of the nrujst suitable carriage for a lady's exclusive use. Likewise he expressed a contempt for an India shawl folded upon a seat near the lake, as one far below the quality he would purchase to deck a lady's shoulders. Sometimes, as Lucia informed her affectionate parent, 44 he was a little spooney, pressing her hand and rolling up his pale, blue eyes over the rims of his spectacles, like a fat old porpoise." But as a rule, he was simply de voted In a constant attention. A bouquet of rare flowers in the morn ing, followed by a call : a drive in the afternoon : a walk in the even ing, or an offer of escort-duty at a ball, became the usual daily routine. ew, hotly, 44 1 never thought of it, Having always had an independent income, I don't think you ever counted on a dead man's shoes. But Miss Frothingham was educated in the hard school of genteel poverty, and a rich husband is the prize for which she has studied and toiled, for well, say ten years. She was in soeietv before vou were done playing with tops and marbles." 44 Uncle Coleman, you are speak ing of my betrothed wife, remem ber." 44 Hem !" 44 Years are of no consequence where there is true love." 44 Hem!" 44 And I love Lucia as she loves me." 44 Not a bit of it." 44 To-morrow she goes to Sarato ga, and if you ran spare me I will go too." 44 And the business in Hartford ? I should advise you to attend to all matters belonging to your aunt's estate as soon e.s possible, Frank." 44 It may keep me in Hartford a month," said Frank, disconsolately. Coleman Burke looked with a pitying affection at his young rela tive, such a boy yet in many mat ters, though he had reached "man s 44 A month ; that may settle your whole fortune," he said. 44 Re member, men do not fall heir to a hundred thousand dollars more than once in a lifetime." 44 1 suppose I must go." 44 It would be best. Besides," added Uncle Coleman, dryly, 44 it will be a good test of your lady love's constancy !" 44 1 am not afraid of her forgetting me," said Frank, loftily. 44 You are actually engaged ?" 44 Certainly ! I bought a diamond ring at -'s yesterday, and put it on her taper finger last evening." 44 Hem I Well, the fool-killer hasn't lx-en here lately, that's cer tain. There, be off and let me finish my paper in peace. You will go to Hartford ?" 44 Yes." But after his nephew had left him Coleman Burke let his paper lie idle upon his lap, wfiile he fell into a fit of musing, often interrupted by impatient ejaculations. He was a man, as he had said, past sixty, and had been a childless widower for thirty years, while four little graves besides that of his wife, re corded the heart history of his life. When he had lived lonely and a sjneere mourner for many long years his brother and wife died, leaving Frank, a curly-headed boy, to the care of his uncle Coleman. All the long sealed fountains of love in the desolated heart opened to pour out their affection upon the child. He was truly the very sun light of the old mans existence, 44 Oh, Mr. Burke, you must have misunderstood me. My only fear was lest you should not sanction our love. Dear Frank has often spoken to me of your fatherly love for him. You will not repeat to Frank this conversation we have had? In my confusion you will forget my wild words?" 44 But I shall not!" The blinds parted as Frank spoke, revealing his white face and auger lighted eyes. Miss Frothingham screamed, and Uncle Coleman said quietly: 44 Are you convinced ?" 44 Fully ! The boy, Miss Froth ingham, thanks you for showing him the folly of trusting in the love of a coquette. You have given me a sharp lesson, Uncle Coleman, but I thank you tnat my Hie nas not been blighted by a woman's treach ery." The oaie iace vanished, uncie Coleman, with a ceremonious bow, took his departure, while .Lucia Frothingham went into genuine But the elderly wooer was an ener- hvstprina nn tho snfa. getlC and persistent one, and even rTnpI Coleman inined Frank on Lucia, vain of her conquest, was be- the porch, and linkiug his arm in wnuereu uy me rupiuuy ui me his ueDhew'S. said kindly : ujunuig. vsuij a. iui Luigiib ago, one- had but a bowing acquaintance with AC T" I 1 I l . l iur. .uurKe, aim now tie uau posi tively offered a set of expensive cameos for her acceptance. 44 A letter from Frank! Coming to-day !" mused Mr. Coleman Burke, reading an epistle handed you proved your words." in at nis aoor. " ourpnseu to nnu Hopes I have rrri vo mo l.ho twin T 1 1 cri you, lor tne iove 1 Dear you." 1 thank you," was the reply. " You have saved me a life of mis- ery by snowing me a mercenary woman's treachery. I snail never feel any emotion but gratitude that me away from home. seen nis dear iucia in a Kinder light than the one I had previously. Hem yes well." And so Mr. Burke mused and muttered as he donned his most exquisite suit, hij most dazzling necktie, and fastened a bouquet in his button hole. Bless my soul, Uncle Coleman, what a swell you are!" And then Frank was in the room and the two exchanged cordial greetings. 44 And Lucia?" Frank question ed, 44 is she well?" 44 She was perfectly well last eve ning when 1 took her for a drive." 44 You ?" 44 Certainly. You do not suppose I have failed.in attention to my fu ture niece,' do you?" 44,You like her better than you did," continued Frank, pleadingly. 44 See here, Frank," the old man said, suddenly wheeling round from the trlass to face his nephew. 44 1 The Debt of Pennsylvania, During the past year the State debt of Pennsylvania, the governor says in his message, was reduced by $1,230,186. The receipts were $7,697,119; the expenditures, $6, 602,568, leaving a balance in the treasury of $1,094,551. The total debt is $24,568,635, from which should be deducted $9,000,000 of bonds in the sinking fund. The revenues of the State have decreas ed $1,200,000, caused by the repeal of the tax on the gross receipts of railroads, the net earnings of cor porations, and on cattle and farm ing implements. The governor calls attention to the want of skill ed labor, and says that, although $10,000,000 are annually expended for education, none of the children who complete their terms in the public schools have any special fit ness for trade, and few become arti sans. He recommends the-estab lishment of schools where boys have a bargain to make with you. j can be instructed in trades, and ap- t - . i ? I . r T - - . ! . r 1 a ? xi, wiinin un nour, x jiruve uutia j proves oi eouipuisory euuttiiun. false, mercenary, and a traitor-to- i - -- her promise to you, will you give ! r- her up? Stop! If she Is true, lov-i It is calculated that-the clergy iug and faithful, I withdraw my cost the United States twelve mil harsh words, and will give you the lions of dollars annually ; thecrim love I always hoped to give your inals, forty millions; the lawyers, wife." j seventy millions; Drinks, two hun- 44 But how can you find out ?" i dred millions ! L marching round and round the yard in single file, whilst the ward ers look on. Nobody speaks a word or looks to the right hand or the left, but for sixty minutes all plod round and round, a silent, sad and f sullen company. This performance (over, the prisoners return to their cells and get to work again, sewing or knitting, till one o'clock. At one o'clock they dine, the ra tions being carried up to the wards by relays of the prisoners them- selves, xne allowance is serveci oui to each in her cell by the assistant matrons. On Mondays and Wed nesdays the prisoners dine of mut ton, of which each gets three ounces, with a few spoonfuls of gravy, the character of which may be inferred from the fact that it is 4' flavored with one-half ounce of onions, and thickened with one-eighth ounce of flour, and with bread left from the previous day." In addition, each prisoner has three-quarters of a pound of potatoes. On Tuesday the fare is bread, and a pint of soup, containing eight ounces of shins of ibeef, one ounce of pearl barley, three ounces ot fresh vegetables, and three-quarters of a pound of po tatoes. On Thursday the dinner consists of three-quarters of a pound of potatoes, and an equal quantity of suet pudding, containing one ounce and two pennyweights of suet, six ounces of flour, and four ounces and fourteen pennyweights of water. On Friday and Saturday tthe fare is beef and potatoes, three ounces of the former to three-quar- ,ters of a pound of the latter, which is rendered further appetizing ny the addition of gravy made in the same generous fashion as tnat or Monday. On Sunday comes divine service, and bread and cheese again, and then the mutton, the soup, the suet pudding, and the beef in due and unalterable order. At two o' clock on the afternoon of week days work recommences, and is contin ued till half-past five, when 44 sup per " is indulged in. Supper con sists of the remains of the day's allowance of bread washed down with a pint of gruel, the component parts of which are two ounces of oatmeal j one-half ounce of molasses, and two ounces of milk. At six more work, which is carried on till eight o'clock, when three-quarters of an hour's leisure time is allowed for reading. At a quarter to nine bed-making begins, and by nine all lights are out and darkness reigns throughout the alw7ays silent cells. These hours are the same in winter with the exception that the prison ers rise half-an-hour later and go to ted half-an-hour earlier. brated wit and beauty of her day. was the idol of three generations of the golden youth of France, and she was seventy-two when the Abbe de Bernis fell in love with her. True it is that in the case of this lady, a rare combination of culture, talents and personal at tractions endowed their possessor vr(t qntiii' trvr o uturt U'hwh u rin. ..'k' 111 IliVt C .vulval A vvll ceived to be impregnable, than straightway a gun is invented which will pierce it. They are armed with large eighteen-ton guns, as well as with smaller ones on the Whitworth principle ; these last are made of steel, which by a peculiar process is compressed while in a fluid state, and the gun is thus ren- seemingly with the gifts of eternal dered extraordinarily tough, liut youth. Bianca Capello was thirty in the navy, as in other institutions eight when the Grand Duke Fran- in these days ot rapid progress, the cisco of Florence fell captive to new very quickly becomes the old ; her charms and made her his wife. and already since the construction though he was five yeara her Junior. or these fine ships, we find m our Louis XIV. wedded Madame do waters a strange and unfamiliar ob- Maintenon when she was fortv- ject, the new cupola or turret ship, three years of age. Catherine II., such as the Devastation, in winch of Kussia. was thirty-three when the guns are mounted on turrets, she seized the Empire of Russia The Devastation carries four guns of and captivated the dashing young the immense size ot thirty-five General Orlolf. The celebrated tons, mounted on two turrets. Mile. Mars only attained! the Whether these unsightly ships, zenith of her beauty and power be- without either masts or rigging, tween forty and forty-five. At that will ever be available for sea going, period the loveliness of her hands I or whether they will be reserved as and arms especially were celebra- floating batteries tor the deiense of ted throughout Europe. Madame our coasts, is a problem still unde- ciued. The modifications and improve ments in marine artillery succeeded each other with surprising rapidity. There is at present in process o construction a new ironclad, the In flexible, which is to be completed in the year 1877. This sea monster is to be armed with guns of the in credible size of eighty-one tons. They will be twenty-seven feet in length, and are expected to .pene trate twenty inches of solid armor plate at a distance cf more than a quarter of a mile! Then, again there is the torpedo, that destruc tive submarine engine, against which no man-of-war, armor-plated or otherwise, is safe. Truly forml dable will be naval warfare iu the future! The Winter Life of the Bear. One of the most curious charac- 'teristicsof the bear is its habits of hibernating through the winter. During the autumn it becomes very fat, and, about the end of October, completing its winter house, ceases feeding for the year. A remarka ble phenomenon then takes place in the animal's digestive organs. The stomach, no longer supplied with food, contracts into a very small soace. A mechanical obstruction called the 44 tappen," composed of fine leaves or other extraneous sub stances, blocks the alimentary ca nal, and prevents the outward pas sage of any matter. The bear con tinues in its den until the middle of vApril, in a dull, lethargic cendition. r f 1 1 ,1 i : 1 1 . . 1 .. xi UlSCUVerfU auu kiuct ni xuy time in this period, it is found to be as fat as at the beginning. It is .said, however, that, if it loses the 4 tappen" , before the end or its hi bernation, it immediately becomes extremely thin. During the hiber nation the bear gams a new skin upon the balls of its feet, and during .the same time also tnetemaie lyings forth her young, from two to four in number. The latter act occurs generally from the middle of Janu ary to the middle oi ieoruary. xne r.:.:nin.ijnn nminrj in the 6lim. iia"!TT. " T 1" u ': V.' and hundreds. It is very easy to llicl. 11U1U LlV IV Ullll ,. xiic ... . - " . ' ..." I l ll.l .... cniVi nimnnnnitioain ovortr period of gestation is about seven ,jp t,'UJ"'1"" months, and the newly-born' cubs village or town. Exchange Paper. are scarcely larger than puppies. ' Popular Science Monthly for Jan- j uary. How manufactories are Estab lished. In a single small town in Illinois, a town containing, perhaps, twen ty-five hundred dwelling houses, there are at least six score manu factories of all grades. Vast num bers of agricultural implements. are annually made there, and are snip ped South to places that ought to be able to maKe tnem memseives. This busy Illinois village makes machinery, furniture, gloves and mittens ; has whole streets of flour ing mills, and sends into the mar ket all varieties of paper. At j the same time it is prosperous in an ag ricultural sense. It managed to ship more than three hundred thou sand bushels of grain, nearly a million pounds of butter, and thou sands of cattle and swine, during the year just past. It is needless to say that money is plenty and! cir culates freely in that town in Illi nois ; that the streets are handsome, well paved and lighted, and lined with elegant residences; and that the savings banks are numerous and in good condition. And this town would serve as an illustration of the condition of thousands in the Eas tern and Western States, and the incident is related by an exchange to show that every place ought to have its own manufacturing estab lishments and keep at homej the money that is sent to other locali- j ties for the articles. The paper tells us that these establishments are rpnerallv started on a small scale and grow up to bo important; It says that a person begins by making a few plows for his neighbors; year by year his business assumes larger proportions, until he has a mam moth factory and supplies a dozen counties. An industrious family, desirous of getting on in the world, makes clothing, or gloves, or hats. The profits of one year are used to enlarge the business, and in a' few twelve months another 44 manufac tory" is established. This is the way in which prosperous towns are built up. It is because everyone works, turning his or her industry into a hundred different channels for the common weal, that such thriving communities as the Illi nois town are springing up by scores Recamier was thirty-eight !when Barras was ousted from do wet. and she was, without dispute, declared to be the most beautiful woman in Europe, which rank the held for fifteen years. The reader will per ceive that although youth Is an "estimable thing in woman," its loss does not necessarily destroy her power of fascination. Lawyers Fees. The lawyers who are fighting in the Beecher-Tilton case, a corres pondent says, are not only working for pay, but for fame. It is admit ted that whoever triumphs j here will at once achieve cosmopolitan distinction. The question has been raised in this connection whether there can be any limitation to the fees demanded by our popular law yers? Field and Shearman have rendered a bill of $20,000 against the estate of the late JamesfFisk. Shearman is now Beecher's lawyer. Lawyers' fees have reached a state which, when compared AVith .tne past, seem almost ' fabulous! In 1845 Ogden Hoffman charged! New York city $1,000 for attending in an important case. It was considered extortionate, but now ten times that amount would be small. Beach de mands $10,000 for an important case. and has enough to keep hint busy all the time. Governor Tildein was attorney in one case in ' which his fees were, as is carefully calculated, $100,000. The fees in the Parish will case were estimated at an equal sum. Half as much was paid a noted law yer for services in settling the Bo.se will case. There are a nuiriberof estates now in settlement whose at torneys will draw $50,000 from their clients for services. This golden glory of the legal profession, which excels that of all others, is the rea- sou why lawyers strike for notice. A name when obtained insures im mense wealth. Tilden, next to Charles O'Conor, has enjoyed la long as well as a lucrative practice, and hence he will be the richest govern- or rsew lorK Htate nas nau since he days of Edwin D. Morgan, who i. At ntsi Am . , 4 ' - - was worm i,vw,vw. A Western editor says tnat "a child was run over in the street! by i a wagon three years old and cross-. I erty may be wrested from a child, Reticence may not be considered eyed, with pantalettes on, which j but virtue will stand by mm to uio sound sense, but it is good sense. I never spoke afterward." last. Industry. Man must have occu pation or be miserable. . Toil is tho price of sheep and appetite, of health and enfoyment. The very necessity which overcomes oar nat ural sloth Is a blessing.. The world does not contain a brier or; a ! thorn which divine mercy could not have spared. We are happier with sterility, than we could have' been with spontaneous plenty and . un bounded profusion. The body and mind are improved by the ton that fatigues them. The toil is a thou sand times rewarded by the pleas- ure it bestows. Its enjoyments are peculiar. No wealth can purchase them. No indolence can taste them. They flow only from the ex ertions which they repay. ' Property. Property, left to .a child may soon be lost ; but the in heritance of virtuea good name and unblemished reputation will abide forever. If those who are toiling for wealth to leave, their children, would but take half the pains to secure for them virtuou habits, how much more serviceable would they be. The largest prop-

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