4.
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VOL. 2-NO
rf ' , . coKpcoma editor and .publisher.
OFFICE IN FfSHEE feuiLDfNG
TA.YK.TKVXLLK BTBEIT.
TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM.
- TEBKS CASH, tNVARIABLT IS ADVANCE.
RA T E S OF
A D V JSR TISINO
1 square, 1 week, l.OO ;S ' months,
8
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85.00
10.50
. 23.00
30.00
."' 1 month,
8
8
9 "' "
1 jrer,
1 month, '
5
6 "
1 year, J
1 month,
8 "
X no SB squares, 1 year,
E 50 V column, 1 month,
9 00 ,U " 8 "
lO.OO.Dt'- l year,
18.00; W column, 1 month.
.00K " -8 "
18 00 H lyear, '
18.00 I column, 1 month.
80.00 !l . " 8
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50.00
20.00
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K?" Tbe above rate aro for 81ii(tle Column.3
, . "HAYSEED."
litnotliy and millet tend,
. ., Kedtop and clover, ' ;
- Scatter . them broadcast,
' " - Sow 'em all over. v
Powdered with linvapf.il
,w- i. - . Ail-awn jool irr- r
Cute liltlu turley trwr-f:--JI-
BticKing cverywiiere,
. Hurrah lor' hayseed 1
, IIow it. makes them etare. ;
Timothy and millet geed,
Redtop and clover ;. :. . ' .
Songs of running brooks,
Lajg ot the plover ;
. . Odors of hay mows,
Gold ot the corn.
Hayseed will mle the world;
Snre as yoli are born j v :,
Ring the bell for hayseed, ,
Toot tho mellow horn ! ,
Timothy.and millet seed,
Redtop and clover ; . . ,
. Grange every whero . ,
All the country over ;
Hark I to the wild gooso
v ' Heralding the Spring,
All his song is "Hayseed 1"
Hear the arches ring.
Amen, to Hayseed ;
Hayseed is King 11
. . , Mrs. M. E. Clarke.
In Western larm Journal.
, j Fruit Trees and VI lie Growing:
Editor of tits State Ag'l Journal :
Dear Sib : '-'.Much' attention is at present de
' voted to the cultivation ot fruit trees, and epe
- eially to that of the vine in this country ; but
this attention is more on paper than in prac
tice. We have theories enough, bnt practical
and experienced men who could carry thern
out are tomparstively . rare, or are-unable to
demonstrate this knowledge in the vineyard.
Vine culture; which has been the origin of
so many fortunes in Western Europe, received
. a good start daring the years 1865, 1866, and
1867, in different parte ot the United States,
when the vine was planted extensively sud
denly, however, this progress ceased, on ac
count of the poor success which attended a
cultivation which had to suffer from ignorance
of the nature and treatment of the vine. Soils
. were even badly chosen or. badly prepared j
the vine were not selected with relation to
the differences of climate, and besides, there
wai a total lacof proper care and. attention
during the course of vegetation. The failure
of open air culture was inevitable under such
circumstances. Aaether capital mistake,
was the planting of two large an area at a
time, and with too few vines ; thus, some cul
vatora had only 400 to 500 vines to the acre.
RALEIGH, THTTESDA.-JTOffi 4..1B-M
even, lee titan 6.000.; ,.;'" v'- V,v
v f .v'www 1lVUltO'
-: vwa7. tuu inexne.iflni
..v..,.u oiaer8, mon irom northern Europe,
who perhaps had nerer teen a vine, before.
'"",vu8 ne amy, As the vine
does not yield beyond the 49 deg. of jatitnde
in Europe, and as n is evident that these
foremen and gardeners could have obtained
no practical Knowledge yet in this country 5
it not too mnch to say that a native of
Greenland wonld have been inst as umtila
undertaking the labor aa they were. Those
men may have been learned botanUtj of skill
ful gardeners, bat thev did not know the 5
and the care which it requires.': Nurserymen
were thus compelled to abandon the vine, or
nearly sol for Want of comrjetent vine dresapra
Many Americana who spared no expense to
place the cultivation of the vine on a solid ba
sis, thus saw their hopes dashed to the ground
and even concluded that the climate of this
country was not favorable. . .
This is a great mistake, for thoush" few
vineyards in the United States yield more
than one-tenth what they slfonld, yet the pro
prietors are satisfied. What would those gen:
tlemen say at the vineyards of Burgundy, or
to those in the neighborhood of Bordeaux, or
even to a simple wall of Thomery ! The.rev
en.ue of one acre, cultivated an Thornm-v w
years. The annual-Vine production of France
alone "is csttmated to amount to $500,000,000,
JivehunSred mUlione f dollare. more than
half of which is exported ;" and from this, it
may easily be inferred what an important rvU
the vine played inHho payment of the French
war indemnity t and that,' with its cultiva
tion in this country, occupying tho position it
should, our National debt would also be paid.
When wine production has assumed its le
gitimate importance in the United States, six
millions of people will find employment in it,
and property of every description having any
couuection ' therewith, will hare doubled
again and again, and the wealth acquired in it
will have an element of stability which is lacking-
in so many speculations.
I shall not attempt to decry tea as a bever
age, although I might- state the fact that a
mixture composed of three-quarterwoater, and
one- fourth pure vrine, with a little sugar ad.
ded warmed, it necessary, and allowed to
stands but a moment, would form a drink
which would be a better digestive than the
Chinese favorite. The savins; which would
be thus effected would amount to hundreds of
millions of dollars annually, which' are now
put, not only in the pockets of the Chinese,
but of the English. The.fact that the Union
lies botween the 25 and 40 deg. of north lat
itude, would enable every one to cultivate
his own vineyard.' . But, even excluding
the use of wine as a drink, millions of acres
of vines are not Jhe less necessary Jbr dessert
cooking.medical purpbses.a nd for preserves of
all kinds. The grape, too, is so dear, that
three-fourths of the world are deprived of
its use. ;
he vine can be- successfully cultivated
nntaiflA jrviVArv Stata in 4Ka Tt,"- ... a V
' Lwrf -wvv AAA vuu UUiVU) UUl UtJ
yond the 42Tdeg. the varieties which can be
grown, are Very Jimited. viz : Concord: Hart-
ford Prolific, Diana, Catawba, tc. ; he neigh-
bornood of JNew York city is more favora
ble ; the Middle and Western States are
well adapted, but differ according to climate
and exposure; the Southern States are still
better, near the border of the Gulf especially,
and there, all the'American with some Eu
ropean varieties, can be be crown : most of
the latter flourish remarkably well in South
ern t lorida and Texas, but onlv m stonv.
sandy, and dry and elevated soils. Spark
ling wine (champagne) can certainly be
made in North and South Carolina on ac-
k . . aw --w
, t , L-kfiarery fine
rfe!
to-Kah and Allen'i Iluhrid flrA filar. ooi-kt
ame P"8. I expect, but have
rrk . ....
not tried them vet: 1lifini,a ; i
made from the Alm,Jn tiu r-.,
", x,r aeeaimg, Norton Virginia and sev
itu 01 twerr Jlvbrid.
' OidiiOn can be thoroughly
application of flower of brimstone, but it
"MB oe mployed with , intelligence, as at
all time of f ho Aav
, - ' "w eijuuijy well
aaaptea, lor tle application. The disease
appear, owever, before the plant is so ad
vanced as to be iniured
Q &jf&a of temperature, will, however,
reproatw tfteiut th4 poetical dresser
WlJ1 vlall its apperacr-;-
Our nurserymen have alwavs
most iitAdvancint? th
thing calculated to increase man's comfort
and happiness, and as soon tl
ture ehalt become more popular with the
public, our arboriculturists will again take
their parte in extending it propagation.
I hate the mostnrofnnnl
Vl . ,Jmliana and sympathise
withihera in their crusnrln miinof.ui,i:A
drinks, which work such misery, but L they
v.,,wUlUuuu a natural and harmless
Aliiilc't-itri tha
vt7 -ar ; 1 j.ne Dar rooms-
would 'resnonOTtuTe
ton of wine for those villainous compounds,
would be simply incalculable.
It may be asked, how can such results be
obtained f 1 I answer: Let the Government.
f
or a State, county, viljsge, a socioty univer
sity, even privato family, make the "experi
ment on a few acres. - Let them engage a
horticulturist of the modern school, a man
who possesses the requisite practical and theo
reticsl knowledge, well acquainted with the
country and its climato, and able to practical
ly demonstrate the culture of the vine on the
Thomery system. 1st, for families ; 2d, for
the market; 3d, on a large scale, according to
the last method of vintage.
These three methods are altogether very
difierent. The improved system of Dalbray
applied to all kinds ot fruit trees should also
form a trreat portion of this instruction,
which, I believe, to be one of tha most essen
tial and useful. Gardeners and delegates
wonld diffuse a knowledge of the proper treat
ment of the vine throughout the Union, if prac
tical and public courses ol lecture and demon
stration were given on tho subject. The pre
paring of soil, the planting, pruning, palicing,
disbudding and of tho vine, could be svste-
manually taught as the modern pruning of
every kind ot frnit trees. The cnlture of frnit
trees; as conducted in this country at present,
is but a primitive syBtennc-f farming, and has
not yet produced a buncbrot, grapes, or even a
pear, peach or plum, that would be considered
fit tor the dessert in Europe, if I except the
pears and apples of California, which certain
ly are remarkable for their size.
Dalbray began his public course on arbori
culture in ?aris, at the Garden des Plantes,
in 1840, ad in three years the old routine
system wajs done away with in France. A
similar experience could be obtained in this
country, antf . the results above mentioned
would be reaped in less than twenty-five
years, Dalbiiy was the originator of fixed
natural frame wvrks, for fruit trees, in 200 dif
ferent forms, whwi offered the advantage of
T 0
being regular, profitable and attractive, and
immediately alter tlxe publication of his work,
those of Dubreuil.VAlexia-lePere. Malot.'
Hardy, appeared, whEch are highly spoken of
ey Kobinson and M. Bvers, well known Eng
li6h writers. . -.
The work of A. Fulldr contains some of the
best views as to the system of vine arbor in
WHOLE NO.. 67.
. . .
thia country, and the author gives a sound ad- "j
vipe to the public to go and select their plants --
enced judge of the different
T"
and qualities. . . - . "
If any of your readers should desire any '
further information cn this matter I wonldjbe
happy to furnish all in my power. ' v -I
remain, sir, T '
Very respectfully yours,
'k-- L'lJ. BtTLOT.
, Flushing, L I., N. Y.
A Tree That Keeps a Standing Army,
(Scientific American.) ' .'
"Among the varied means of defense devel
oped by plants in their ceaseless struggle for
existence, there is perhaps none more wonder
ful or effective than that of a species of acacia
which abounds on the dry savannahs of Cen
tral Araorica. It is called the bull's horn
thorn, from the strong carved thorns like bull's
horn's, set in pairt all over the trunk and
branches. These no donbt help to protect the
tree from the attacks of browsing; Bnimals :
but it has more dangerous enemies in the leaf-
cutting ante and other insects. Against these
the tree maintains a numerous standing army
for which it provides snug houses stored with
jakjandajundanco of - ln
When first developed, the thoTjv re
and filled with a sweetish pulp, much relished
by a species of small springing ants, never
found except on these trees. Making a hole
near the point of one of each pair of thorns,"
these ante eat out the interior, then burrow
through the thin partition at tho base into this
other thorn, and treat it io the same manner
The hollow shells thus formed , make admira
ble dwellings, hone of which are left unten
anted, as any one may discover by disturbing
the plant, when the little warriors swarm out
in force and attack the aggressor with jaws
and stings : ..
The leaves ot the plant are two-wingud, anci
at the base of each pair of leaflets, on the mid
rib, is a gland which, when the leaf is young,
secretes a hcney-like liquid, of which the ants
aro very fond. This ensures their constant
presence on the young leaves, and their most
zealous service in driving oil other insects..
A still more wonderful provision of solid
food is made for a similar purpdse. At the
end of each -of the small divisions of the
compound leaflet, there grows a small fruit
like body, which, under the microscope, looks
like a golden pear. When the leaf first un
folds, the little pears are not quite ripe, and
the ants are continually employed going
from one to another to see how they come
on. As these fruit-like bodies, which ap
pear to have no other use than as ant food
do not ripen at once, the ants are kept about
the young leaves for a considerable . time.'
When an ant finds one sufficiently advanced,
he bites the point of attachment, then, bend
ing down the prize, breaks it off and bears
it away in triumph tolTie nest. .
1 These ants, a species of pteudomyi-ma, are
found, as already noticed, " only on these
trees ; and that the trees keep them only as
a body guard seems evident from the fact
that, when planted in localities where their
little protectors do not exist, they are speed
ily defoliated fry leaf cutters, which let them
severely alone on the savannahs, while their
honey glands and golden pears offer no at
tractions to the ants of the fewest. 1 " -
Apparently both acacias and pseudomyr
mat have been mutually modified in : tho
course of time, until they are now quite de
pendent on each other for support and pro
tection, - . .
f