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.. : : . - : . ' -i V . i i. ; -. i i ; j' ' ' ! . , . z- h '' . ;f :-!' ' .' ' - - ''' : ... H j and ; 1; - :.':!:'.! l. jV'!'.; : -r?& -.. V'-' : - " ' ' ' i ' ;i -.M-. .- . l . ' . : ' ' i - . . -.'v " -' NEWBEKN COMMERCIAL, AfGSSICUILTUMAIL AM MTEBiEY IM T 1ES IL ILI G IE N 1 1 i 'flf'Sl 4 LIBERTY... .THE CONSTITUTION.... UNION. 'j . 1 E PUBLISHED EVERY TUESDAY BY THOMAS WlTSON. At three, dollars per annum payable in advance. . BY AUTHORITY. LAWS-OP THE UNITED STAT ES. J-A8SED AT THE SECOND SESSION OP THE TWENTY-FIRST r CONGRESS. I" S ACT allowing the duties ipn foreign mer chandise imported into Pittsburg, Wheeling, Cincinnati, Louisville, Sft. Louis, Nashville, ' and Natchez, to be secured and paid at those ! places. ' ' ' i ; Beit enacted by the Senate and House of Repre sentatives of the United States of. America in Con gress assembled. That, when any goods, wares, or merchandise, are to be imported from any foreign country into Pittsburg, in the State of Pennsylvania, Wheeling, in the State of Virginia. Cincinnati, in the State of Ohio, Louisville, in the State of Kentucky, St. Louis, in the State of Missouri, Nashville in the State of Tennessee, or into Natchez in the State of Mississippi ; the importer thereof shall depos ited the custody of the Surveyor of the place a schedule of the goods' so intended to be im ported, with an estimate of their cost at the place of exportations whereupon, the said Sur veyor shall make an estimate bf the amount of duties accruing on the same, a(nd the importer or consignee shall give bond, ' with sufficient sureties, to be approved by the" Surveyor, in double the amount of the duties so estimated, fonditioned for the payment of the duties on ?nch merchandise, ascertaiued as hereinafter directed; and the Surveyor shall forthwith no tify the Collector at New Orleans of the same, bv forwarding to .him a coppy of said bond and schedule. j. ,,; . Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the importer or his agent, is hereby authorized to enter any merchandise, imported, as aforesaid, bv the way of New-Orleans, at that port, in the manner now prescribed by law; and the Col lector shall grant a permit for the landing there of, and cause the duties to be ascertained as in othcr.f cases, the said, goods remaining in the rustody of the Collector until reshipped for the place of destination; and the Collector shall ciertifv to the Surveyor at such place the amount of such duties, which the said Surveyor shall enter oh the margin of the bdfnd, as aforesaid jrhen to secure the same j .which goods shall be delivered by the Collector to ) the agent of the importer or consignee, duly Authorized to re ceive the same, for shipment tp the place of im portation and the master or commander of eve- ry steamboat, or otner vessel, in wnicn sucn merchandise shall be transported, shall, previ ously to her departure from New Orleans, de liver to the Collector duplicate "manifests' of such merchandise, specifying the marks and "numbers of every case, bag," box, chest, or package, containing the same, with the name and place of residence of every importer or consignee of such merchandise, and the quan tity shipped to each, to be by him subscribed, ancl to' the truth of which he shall swear or af firm, and that the said goods have been receiv ed on board his vessel ; stating the name of the agent, who, shipped the same; and the said Col lector Jshall certify the facts as aforesaid,1 on the manifests, one of which he shall return to the master, with a permit thereto annexed, au thorizing him to proceed to the place of his destination. See: 3. And be if further enacted, That, if any steamboat or other vessel, having merchan dise on board, imported as aforesaid, shall de part from New Orleans without having compli ed with the provisions of thist act, the master thereof shall forfeit five hundred dollars; and " the master of any such boat or vessel, arriving at either of the ports above named, on board of which merchandise, as . aforesaid, shall have been -shipped at New ! Orleans, shall within eighteen hours next after the arrival, and pre viously to unloading any partof said merchan dise delivered to the Surveyor, of such port the manifest of the sam, certified, 'as aforesaid, bv the Collector of New Orleans, and shall make; oath or affirmation before the said Sur yeyor that there was not when he departed irom Nev Orleans,' any more Or other goods on board such boat nr vpsspI. imnnrtnd as afore said, than is therein mentioned ; whereupon the ; surveyor shall cause the said casks ; bags, box chests, or packages, to be inspected, and compared with the manifests, ;and the same be noridentified, he shall erant a nermit for un loading the same, or such part thereof as the .' master shall request, and when a part only of i . such . merchandise is intended: to be landed, the j Surveyor shall make an endorsement on the ! back of the manifests, designating such part, specifying the articles to be landed, and shall ! return the manifests to the master, endorsing; thereon his permission to such boat or vessel to proceed to the place of its destination; and, if "v.,uuo"'j ouuii MeaiuDoai or vessel snail ne glect or refuse to deliver the manifests within the nime herein directed, he shall forfeit one hundred dollars; 1 . 3ec. 4. And be it further enacted, That the. Hector of the port of New Orleans shall permit no entry to be made of goods, wares, or merchandise, where the duty tin the same shay - exceed the amount of the bond deposited with . the Surveyor, as aforesaid, nor shalV the r said Surveyor receive the bond of any person not entitled to a credit at the custom-house, nor for a sum less than fifty dollars and that, when the said bond shall have been completed, and the .actual amount of duty, ascertained and certified on the margin, as aforesaid, it shall be the duiy of the Surveyor of the port where the bond is taken, to deposit the same for collec tion in such bank as may be directed by the Secretary of the Treasury. : Sec. 5. And be it further enacted, That, xvnere Surveyors are not already appointed in an'Jf the places mentioned in the first section ot this act, a suitable person shall be appoint ed for such places, and on all such Surveyors, whether appointed or to be appointed, shall devolve the duties prescribed by this act, in ad dition to the customary duties performed by the officer in other places; and the Surveyor at each of said places shall, before taking the oath of office, give security to the UnitedStates for the I faithful performance of all his duties, in the sum of ten thousand dollars, and shall re ceive, in addition to his customary fees, an an nual salary of three hundred and fifty dollars: Provided, That no salary arising nnder this act, shall commence until its provisions shall take effect, and merchandise may be imported un der its authority. Sec. 6. And be it farther enacted, That, all penalties and forfeitures incurred by force of this act; shall be sued for, recoverd, distribut ed, and accounted for, in the manner prescrib ed by the act, entitled "An act to regulate the collection of duties on imports and ton nage," passed on the second day of March, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-nine, and mav be mitigated or remitted in the manner prescribed by the act, entitled "An act to pro vide for mitigating or remitting the forfeitures, penalties, and disabilities, accruing in certain cases therein mentioned," passed on the third day of March, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-seven. ANDREW STEVENSONj Speaker of the House of Representatives, ' JOHN C. CALHOUN. President of the Senate. Approved, March 2, 1831. ANDREW JACKSON. From the Banner of the Constitution. A We have met-with the following article in the "National Gazette: " The 'American System.'' Some enterprising Manufacturers of Pittsburg, (Penn.) lately addressed a note to Mr. Clay, accompanied by several articles and implements from their own work-shops, as a just tribute of respect for his exertions in the great cause of American Manufactures and Home Industry.--These gentleman state, in their letter, that "every particle in the composition of these utensils, from the ore to. the finished instrument, is the produce of Amer ican soil,! skill, and labor. The iron was made under our personal inspection, and the steel in our conver tory, under the direction and according to the impro ved process of an American gentleman, Mr. E. L. Losey. We therefore take a pride and pleasure in warranting these articles to you as- good." The Editor of the "Pittsburg Gazette' with some difficulty obtained from the gentlemen who sent these articles a copy of their letter, and of Mr. Clay's friendly reply, for publication. This last we subjoin : Ashland, 3d May, 1831. Gentlemen:, I postponed answering your obliging letter of the 22d of March last, borne by M. Stephens, until the late of the articles, also committed to his care, for my use, was certainly ascertained. After various narrow escapes, from afceidents unfortunately occuring, I believe, to several steamboats, I have the pleasure to inform you that I yesterday safely recei ved them, consisting of a spade, shovel, axe, hoe, and carving knife and fork. They are all excellent of their kinds, and do great credit to the artisans by whom ,they were made. - I beg your acceptance of my grateful thanks for them, for the friendly spirit which prompted you to tender them, and for the flat tering terms in which they are conveyed. Their value is much enhanced in my view, as you justly anticipated, by the fact that every particle of the utensils, trom the ore to the last finish, is the produce of American soil, skill, and labor. The successful manufacture of steel at Pittsburg was a desideratum, arid I am happy to perceive, from the specimen in these articles, that the quality ol it, as tar as 1 can judge, realizes every wish. You are right in supposing that I derive very great satisfaction from witnessing the prosperity of Pittsburg, and the complete success ot our American System. :. Never had the mends oi any great meas ure of national policy more cause to rejoice never were the predictions of the foes of any such measure more refuted, than in the instance of the triumph of that System. It was objected to it, that it would drv ud the sources of the public revenue. The rev enue has been increased. It was said that our fore ign commerce would be destroyed. Our foreign com merce has been greatly nourished and extended by its operation, changing only 'some of its subjects. It was urged that it would impair our marine. Our navigation, and especially the most valuable part of it, has been rapidly extended, it was reproacned with Comprehending enormous burdens to consumers, by obliging them to purchase worse, and at dearer prices, articles of American origin, than similar arti cles of foreign manufacture. Almost every protected article has been greatly reduced in price, and, in some instances, so much, that the cost , of the article scarcely equals the duty of protection It is in vain that the opponents of the System seek, by subtle and ingenious solutions, to account for this gratifying fact; the fact itself -falsifies their predictionsr-ano it is worm a tnou sand hair-splitting theories., Finally, it was urged that the Svstem would be a truittul source ot vice. and immorality, and depravity. It has rescued from impending ruin thousands, who, for the want of em ployment would have been lost to society, and has filled their abodes with comfort, abundance, and happiness. I It has saved, and made virtuous members of the community, thousands, of both sexes, who, but for its existence: wouldhave become victims to vice, indolence, and , dissipation : and I sincerely believe that every part of our common country has been ben efitted by it. With my best wishes for your prosperity and hap piness, , I am, gentlemen, your obedient servant, l H. CLAY. Messrs Barnett, Shorb, & Co. That the persons who are deeply interested in those branches ot manuiaciure wnicn re auire hidi duties to sustain them, should take everv occasion to make an appeal 10 me iaise notions of patriotism by which so many people have been led into erroneous modes of thinking, is not to be wondered at. Nor is it to be won dered at that those politicians who have moun ted the! American System, as a hobby upon which they expect to ride into power, should -pvery now and then have a chance afforded them, by their friends, to proclaim their contin ued adhesion to the saddle. Hence we often see the farce performed of a present of some manufactured commodity to some aspirant, ac companied by a letter, puffing both it and him, forj no purpose in the world but to throw snuff into the eyes of the public. The facts which are set forth in the prece ding statement, are, simply, that some manu factures at Pittsburg had made a present, to farmer Clay, of a spade, a shovel, an axe, a hoe, and a carving knife and fork, which had been manufactured out of American iron and Amer ican wood. Now, in this fact there is nothing wonderful. With the exception of the knife and fork, sCll these implements have been made in this Country, and we dare say even in jPittsburg, materials, ever since the Indepen dence of the country : for, iron and wood being two of the natural products of the soil, have at all times been abundant. Nor is there any thing remarkable or wonderful in the fact that there should be found American workmen capa ble of manufacturing implements which have al ways been demanded by the wants of agriculture. A stranger, who had never visited this country, on seeing this correspondence, would suppose that we were a sort of half-civilized people, who had just introduced amongst us the art of manufacturing iron, when in truth spades and hoes, have at all times been made by our black smiths, to supply nine-tenths of the wants of the nation. Now, what is there, in this parade and, flourish of trumpets, to excite our amaze- ment? Are we told that these implements are made at Pittsburg so cheap, that the domes tic article can be procured with less money, or with less labor, lhan foreign ones; of the same quality? Not at all. Not a single sylla ble appears upon this important point, the only one which is calculated to enable us to form judgement whether the existence of this manufacture is advantageous or injurious to the public. Suppose Mr. Pratt should send a present to Mr. Clay, of a pound of coffee, from his hot-house on the Schuylkill, to raise which had cost him five dollars, expended upon the American industry of builders, gla ziers, gardeners, wood cutters, wood:haulers, and the various other persons required to build a hot-house, to superintend the plants, and to keep up a fire there in winter; and suppose Mr. Pratt should think he had rendered a great service to the agriculture of the country, by enabling his fellow-citizens to drink real American coffee, " the produce of American soil, skill, and labor," what would be thought of Mr. Clay's qualifications for the Presiden cy, if he should laud Mr. Pratt to the skies, and advocate the raisinar coffee in hot-houses. by prohibiting the importation of all foreign coffee?, We think the common sense of the country would perceive the shallowness of the policy, and would laugh down any such sys tem. But only call the same nonsense " the American System," let iron, and not coffee, be the article to be forced by the hot-house process tickle the ears of the people with "encouragement of American industry," call it "protection," and not "prohibition," and, like a parcel of ninnyhammers, they instantly forget that this whole scheme is nothing but a round-about way of getting a thing, which they can get if they choose, with half the trouble or sacrifice of labor. It is nothing but going to mill by the road, when there is a short cut through the fieldar, which will carry you there in hall the time and with half the trouble. These remarks are made under the supposi tion that the prices of the articles presented to Mr. Clay were higher than articles of the same quality would be, were the duty no more than sufficient for revenue. We presumed this to be the case, from Mr. Clay s considering this spe cimen of manufactures as one evidence of the success of the American System, That Sys tern, every body knows, has nothing to do with those branches of business comprising nine- tenths and more of the pursuits of the- com munity, which are natural to the country, and result from the ordinary structure of society. It only embraces those;-manufactures which cannot be supported without a tax on the na tion, imposed in the same manner precisely as would be the case if the Government, in order to encourage the domestic growth of coffee, at five dollars a-pound, when it can be had M. abroad at five cents, should prohibit the people from drinking foreign coffee. In Mr. Clay's reply, he makes a pretty bold attack upon the Free Trade party; He says their predictions have not been verified : The public revenue has increased, instead of being diminished: Commerce has expanded, instead of being destroyed; Navigation has been ex tended, instead of being impaired : Prices have fallen, and not' risen: Virtue has flourished, and vice decayed. These positions, it must be remembered, are put forth by a gentleman now aspiring to rule the destinies of this Confede racy of Republics. We have a right to expect, therefore, that he did not, offer them , hap-ha-zard, but that, before he risked his reputation as a statesman upon them, he had examined into their correctness. We shall soon see how the fact is; and here we sha.ll take occasion to remark, that all the reasoning, on the part of the advocates of Free Trade, as to the ef fects anticipated from the Restrictive System, must be construed relatively ' to the existing population -thus : if it be said that revenue and commerce will be dinfinished by the Re strictive System, the fair construction would be that the ratio of each to the population would be diminished, and not that the simple aggregate amount would be less, it never could have been intended, by those who wrote against the Restrictive System wheri the popu- i . .i xt i oi-.i. ' : 1 1 : lanon oi me unuea oiaies was ien, miiiiuus, that an increase of duties would diminish "com merce so that, after the population should in crease to twenty millions, the aggregate of imports and exports would certainly be less in amount." The prophecy would be fully made out, if it could be shown tnai me imports and exports, per head, were diminished. That this has been the case, we snail undertake to de monstrate, from the Official Reports of the Se cretary of the Treasury, which we presume will be of sufficient authority to stand: up . L L -fell- iVA 4 SNV- V V w J Z J 1 against me uarc aucgauuu ui any muiviuuaj, be he whom he may. The following Table exhibits the nett reve nue derived from commerce in the fifteen years specified, brought down to the latest year of; wbinh anv Tnort has been nublished mnit- ting the fractions.of a dollar: 1S15, $36,306,022. b tee Trade alter tne war. 1816, 27,484,100. Same. ! oi, i7,o4,77&. Tanfl oi lio in operation. 1818, 21,828,451. Same. J819, 17,116,702. Same. 5' 12J449j556- Same predictions fully verified: isoo 15898434- Country began to recover. igq' AJu,io natural causes ot prospemy,over OOSTO. powering the retarding opera- tt ' uouoi me j. arm. 1825, 24,353,202. Tariff of 1824 not yet in full ope- rat inn 1826, 20,248,054. It operated this year. 1827, 22,472,067. Country recovering 1828, 24,969,812. Same. iozy, zz,iHg,Bp. i nrown back again bv the Ta riff of 1828. ' It thus appears, that, in every instance, the new Tariff diminished its revenue ; but, a the credits given on the duties threw the payments to a later period, and as it took time for the merchants to find out, by dear-bought expe rience, that the increased duties diminished the consumption of goods, the effects were not visible until a year or two after the respective laws were passed. ' By the different Census' of the United States, it appears that the population stood as follows : 1810, - - - - 7,230,903. 1820, - ... 9,637,999. .1830, - - - - 12,788,742. Now, if we take the first two years in the above table of revenue, which probably exhibit something near what would have been the re venue of the country had the Restrictive Sys tem not been adopted, we shall have an ave rage revenue of $31,895,061. But we are willing to make a large allowance for the fact, that, after the war, an unusual extent of im ports was called for by the wants of the coun try; and we will therefore be content to fix the amount of revenue at $25,500;000, which is an abatement of upwards of six millions per annum. Estimating, theii, "the population at 8,500,000, we have a revenue equal to 83 per head on the whole population. Taking the last two years in the table, including even one during which the fresh restrictions had not yet operated, and calling the population only twelve millions, we have but Si 96 per head as the revenue collected. But, if these periods appear too short to cast an average upon, let us take the first five years, and we shall find an average revenue of $24,052,010, and, if we assume 9,000,000 as the average population, wre shall have an average revenue equal to $2 65 per head. The last five years, on the other hand, give an average revenue of $22,848,206 less, in absolute amount, than that gi ven from 1815 to 1820!! and, taking the population at 12,000,000, present the result of only $1 90 per head. We now ask the intel ligent and honest reader whether he thinks Mr. Clay has made out his case? and, if not, whether it is a proof of wisdom for a man, who seeks the confidence of the nation, to ad vance such random positions as the one we have examined? We shall now examine the second position of Mr. Clay, in which he asserts that the pre dictions of the Free Trade party have not been verified m regard to the diminution of commerce. And we claim the same right to insist that the diminution predicted could only be construed to have reference to population. Per example, suppose it had been predicted, when the population was five millions, and the i . . 1 A.1 . A t tA 1M i 1 lit piuuucuon oi wneai nuy minions oi ousneis per. annum, that certain measures would dimi nish the quantity of wheat, and produce dis tress ; and suppose the population should afterr wards increase to ten millions, and the produc tion of wheat should be severity-five millions of bushels, instead of a htTnclred, would not the predictipn have been verified ? We think that those who were half starved, if not the whole of the population, would answer in the affirma tivev The Exports of the United States, for the last fifteen years, of which the official state ments have been published, were as follows : 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, $81,920,452. 87,671,569. 93,281,133. 70,142,521. 69,691,669. 64,974,382. 72,160,281. 74,699,030. 75,986,057. 99,535,388. 77,595,322. 82,324,827. 73,264-686. 72.358,671. 73,849,508. We have not inserted the table of Imports here, least we might confuse the reader with two many figures,, but it will be found in a note below. Now,' from the foregoing it will appear, that, during the five years from 1816 to 1820, both inclusive, the average of exports was $80,541,469 per annum, being equal to $8 95 per head of the population, which did not exceed 9,000,000. And it .will also ap pear, that, for the five years from 1826 to 1830, both inclusive, the average was only $75,678,603, being less in aggregate amount, and only equal to $6 30 per head, estimating the population at 12,000,000. Had the ratio of ex ports kept up in proportion to the population, the average would have been $107,388,625 that Jisj thirty-one millions more than the ac tual amount. ! But we are not content to let the matter rest here. We shall call the attention of the reader Imports from 1821,' when the value itfas first .V 1 .1.' . ' snown oy me custom-nouse reiui n - 1821, $62,585,724. h 1822, 1823, 1824 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830. 83,241,541. 77,579,267. 80,549,007. 96,340,075. 84,974,477. 79,484,068. 88,500,824. 74,492,527. 70,876,820. . A fo the foreign commerce of the country before free trade was interrupted by the restrictions which commenced in 1800, with the embargo." Our exports during the ten years preceding that measure were as follows : t ". ' - " - $61,527,097. - " - - - V665',522. -IS?' " - " " 70,971,780. J802! - - - 75483,160, ' - - - - 55;800,033. 1804, - - - 77,699,074. 1805, - - - - 95,566,021. 1806, - - - - 101,536,963. 1807, - - - - - 108,343,150. The average of the above ten years is $81,670,872. Now, as the population in lSOO? was 5,319,762, and in 1810 was 7230,903, Jt will be. fair to estimate the average population during those ten years at, 6,000,000, whick would show an export equal to $13 61 per head of the population which is more than double the amount exported at this day. And, taking these ten years as a basis of calculation: of what the commerce of- the country would have been, had it not been interrupted by re strictions, we may fairly onclode thai, at this day; our exports would hafe been $176,953,556, the proportion which would correspond to the increase of population from six to thirteen millions, instead of a hundred millions per annum less. - M . It has been thus demonstrated, as we think, that Mr. Clay's declaration, that "our foreign commerce has been greatly -nourished and ex tended by its operation,"-(viz : the Operation of the American System) " changing only some of its subjects," is not established; and we challenge him or any of his friends, by any process of reasoning, to make out bis case Let us nOw see wht he says about our na vigation; "Our navigation, arid especially the most valuable1 part of Hi' has been rapidly extended.11 In showing that this position is as erroneous as the rest, we shall rely upon the official documents. The following is a com parative view of the registered and enrolled and licensed Tonnage of the United States, from 1815 to 1829, inclusive, expressed in tons and 95ths of a ton : . .' Registered. Enrolled ii Licensed, Total. 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822" 1823 1824 1825; 1826 1827 854,294 74 800,759 63 809,724 70 606,088 64 612,930 44 619,047 53 619,096 40 513,833 04 571,458 85 590,186 66 609,095 51 647,821 17 661,118 66 679,062 30 1,368,127 78 1,372,218 53 1,399,911 41 1,225,184 20 1,260,751 61 1,280,166 24 1,298,958 70 1,324,699 17 1,336,565 68 1,389,163 02 " 1,423,111 77 1,534,190 83 1,620,607 78 1,741,391 87 1,260,797 81 628,150 41 696,548 71 639,920 76 696,644 87 669,962 60 719,190 37 722,323 69 796,212 68 873,437 34 928,772 50 610,654 88 708,78708 737,978 15 947,170 44 1828 812,619 37 1829i 650,142 88 The reader will be surprised toi observe, in the foregoing table, so great a falling" off in the tonnage,, from 1828 to 1829, as nearly half a million of tons ; and it will be but fair to in form him, that, for many years prior to 1829, the custom-house returns had not been cor rected by deducting the tonnage lost, worn out, and sold abroad, The correction has now been made, but, owing to impossibility of cor recting the error of any - previous year, the real state of the case can perhaps never, be known. We think, however, that no candid man who would cast his eyes over the preced ing table, would aver that any "evidence was there afforded of an increase of tonnage since the year 1816, when the American System vras commenced. To reason1 from erroneous fi gures, is throwing away time, and we $&all not, therefore, attempt to do it. But we will maintain, that, even if it could be shown that our navigation has bee n increased in absolute amount of tonnage, it would afford no evidence whatever of the prosperity of commerce, as an insulated fact. For instance, we maintain, that, if the tonnage in 1815 had been only 1,000,000, and in 1829 was 1,260,797, ii would afford no evidence of increased commerce. And why?. Because, since the former period, J the prices of all commodities, foreign and do mestic, have been so greatly reduced, that the same value of articles require more tonnage to transport them. When coffee was at twenty cetits a-pound in the West Indies, 'one vessel could bring a value which it would now re quire three to carry. The same may be said of most other articles. Fifty millions of dol lars, exported and imported, will probably em ploy half as many vessels again as they used to do, and the reason why the tonnage has not increased with' the fall, of goodsis owing to the improved skill in ship-buiMing and in creased science in navigation, by which a gi, ven number of vessels will make half asj many voyages again, in a year, as they Used jto do. ; Thus it apears that, not only has Mr. Clay staked his reputation upon the denial of a pro position which is not only a"crrect one, when j examined with the liberality due to honest rea- , soning, but is even true to the Very letter- Our navigation has been diminished by the . Tariff policy; and, in reference to our regis tered tonnage, no perverse imagination, with i the foregoing table before it, could undertake to maintain that the registered tonnage of 1829 was greater than that of 1815.; As to the increase of tbe coasting trade, which Mr, Clay, contrary to the sound rules of political economy, which teach tnat no one branch of navigation can long remain more profitable than another, where capital and, la bor are left free to flow into it, it is quite pro bable that there may have" been some increase to it -which is not to be wondered at, when we recollect the great number of steam boat? built since 1815, and which are all included amongst the enrolled and licensed tonnage. This inrrM. however, is not anoverbalance r ;m;nntinn nf the. roistered tonnage,! may readily be seen from a reference to the de, and to speak of it as a gam, is Perfectly; as table idle. r'u. occsrttd bv Mr, Clay, thai the Tariff has made the protected articles ,cW '.-?. - 1 i 'f ' : . -hi . - ! t 5 . 4 r-m 1 ; -tp .1 ! jn.'.VV
Newbern Sentinel (New Bern, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
June 28, 1831, edition 1
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