North Carolina Newspapers

V ! NORTH CAttDLINA SKNTINELAND NEWBERN COMMERCIAL, AGRICULTURAL AND LITERARY INTELLIGENCE!: - 1 ; k. v V vyw' , THE SENTEVEI. NEWBERN : WEDNESDAY JULY 13, 1831. The ship James Cropper from : Bristol, arrived at New Yorkon the 2d inat., bringing London papers to the, 30th May. They contain highly important news from Poland. The brave people of that coun try have again partially triumphed over their ene- c nies. It was thought that Dwernicki's capture would lead to the termination of the insurrection in Volhy . nia, and that the unconditional submission of this po pulpus province to Russia, must be the inevitable re sult. This catastrophe, however,' is averted ; at least for the present. The gallant Schrzynecki despatched Gen. phrzanowski with 8000 men to act in support of the: Volhynrans, and to complete the glorious work whicli the 'captured hero had begun. It seems that the spirit of Kosciusco pervades the bosoms of his 'countrymen, and that opportunity alone is wanting Vttf raise up rivals; of bis patriotism and lame in. every hamlet. To enter Volhynia; this new hero was un dor the necessity of passing through a Russian army of 2i,C'J0 men. This would have intimidated the vlbjects of a despot; but this champion' of liberty not only fought his way through the lines of a very baperior force, but" triumphantly carried with 'him eitrht hundred prisoners! The Volhynians ex pressed the greatest enthusiasm on his arrival, and " to he free, or perish in the attempt, was the determi jirition of all classes. 7 i - " The British Parliament. was to meet on the 14th of June: The elections are complete, and reform is the enter of the day. The distresses in Ireland are al most unprecedented. The peaceable inhabitants of , tha,t devoted country are subjected to privations and " miseries almost beyond description) ! There seems to be a misunderstanding between France and Austria that may lead to important con-j-equenccs. i The course of the latter with regard to Italy, has been highly offensive to the former, and to - all the friends of liberty. ' , ' i . : .. A gentleman of this place, direct from Philadel phia, informs us that ex-Presiderit Monroe died in New York, on tlie Fourth of July. Five years ago, cn the forty-ninth anniversary of that glorious day which thev had been so instrumental in rendering an pooh in the political history ofour happy country, , the lamented Adams and JefFers jii paid the debt of nature. The coincidence is singular; but the ways! ! of Providence are. inscrutable. We do not envy the feelings of those who permitted the evening of this ' great aidgpod man's Jife to be clouded by pecuniary , duii'-ulty. He had spent his best days and all his .r'u'ans' .in prujojoting the welfare of . his country, and the injustice and neglect with which his services and -1 sacrifices were repaid,1 have entailed an indelible dis- grace jon our Republick. In future times it will hard 1 y be credited that a man who had once been thought ! werthy to preside over the councils of ten millions of .freemen was permitted to descend to the grave a de pendant on the benevolence of individuals. It appears thai the middle andrwesteru. Counties t , of .our State, have-become extremely anxious for a Convention, -and arc taking active measures to have the subject brought forward at an early period. A spur has been given to their anxiety by the destruc tion of the" Capitol.' The western; people have long keen seeking a favourable moment to urge the1 remo val of the seat of government, and they think that it lias now arrived. We learn that several candidates who.;, were before the people, prior to that event, have voluntarily withdrawn their, names, that men more eapahle of promoting their sectional interests may be j returned'- to the approaching i Assembly. We, too, Should send our best men. Many subjects deeply af- Porting our futu e prosperity must necessarily be pre- icnte.l for the consideration 61 the next session i and arcleseness on (the part of -the people in selecting re presentatives, will assuredly recoil upon mem in blighted prospects and disappointed hopes. Should a different location of our new State House be thought necessary, we tliinkthat Newbern has strong claims to the preference, and we hope that these claims will be efficiently presented at the proper time. , 'We Weather. What a climate is ours! out of vive last twenty or thirty days we have not had one 'without ram ! and, from the coolness of to-day, we . Svoivld feel no great surprise if we should be under ?ae necessity of recording the 'effects of a frost in our ' sext We now write by' a fire, &nd feel its effects ar from unpleasant; As the Courtlahd Herald would say on such an occasion, vegetation must be greatly 7 retarded by tliias unseasonable concatenation of plane influence. .1 The fiat of extermination seems to have gone forth gainst the canine species throughout the land. Bven.'we, who are a century behind others in the mrch of reform, have caught the epidemick, and a a-nunici pal edict has iWv?ed,; announcing death and destruction to every xmfortunate cur; that shall ven ture on our streets, without a protector. We hope that the old and dangerous method of shooting them on the streets will hot be tolerated. The 14th ordi nance of the Commission era of 1801, which giveb ' this-power to the town seargent, is highly improper, ana i he safety of our citizens demands its. immediate rescission.' . i The. following toast, designed for publication in our tost paper, was inadvertently omitted : . . " ,By William G. Bryan. Henry Clay : Prostrated by political intrigue, from which may he never recover. ' - NEW YORK, JULY 6. . Cotton. The market was without animation, and in some cases previous rates were scarcely supported. We notice sales of 1700 bales, chiefly to shippers; ofwhich 650 were Upland 8f a 8S, chiefly 8f a 9; 700 Mobile at & a 10 J ; 250 New .Orleans and Ten nessee at y a 12 cents- the latter pricer for a tew Dales of choice and 130 a 140 Florida at 9$- cents Flour. There was a fair demand throughout, and -prices, are better; than a week ago. Sales old Western at S5: fresh rrronnd at 5 12 a 25- anrf .aticy brands $5 50; Ohio $5 j best over that price. Previous to the reading of the Declaration of Inde- ; pendence on thb 4th inst. Edwahd Stanly, Esq. i ' -. I made the following remarks Fellow-Citizeks, To a traveller, through a desert of immeasurable extent, how welcome is the sight of some friendly habitation, where he knows he wiH meet with refreshment, and may repose i in security. To hiuiwho has spent along and weary night, who awaits with tor tunng anxiety the coming of the morrow, how welcome is the first dawn of day, how exhilarating are the first beams of light. To us, who have witnessed with sorrow, so many unnoticed returns of this day, the present scene awakens feelings of lofty enthusiasm, of renovated hope ; again the sun is breaking throngh the cliuds, dispersing the misls of despondency. Even when every return of this day has been properly commemorated it has been customary to make some remarks previous to reading the Declaration of Independence ;it is deemed necessary, and I am assu red, upon the present occasion, it will b expected. The heroes and patriots who bled for us, who achieved ur independence, are not allj gone. Our fathers have heard from their lips, we have heard from them, and his tory too teHs us, how numerous were the oppressions, the barbarous cruelties inflicted upon us by the mother country, which forced us to what was calle-i our rebeUwn,aod subse quently produced our independence. We all know why this , day is celebrated ; we know why the reverberating roar of cannon, the enlivening sound of bells are still ring ing in our ears ; we know why we are assembled in this cousecrnted building, vhy we, see around us this countless throng such numbers too, of thero, whose soul cheering presence is as the mild beams of the sun to the flower of the field. The Declaration itself, details the causes which demanded of Congress that they should " acquiesce in the necessity of announcing our separation." and of declaring ourselves free and independent. But there are afewcii cu nstance9 connected with its introduction which the Declaration does not detail circumstances too, of such importance and interest, that I hope 1 shall be pardoned for relating them. Congress had long determined not to submit to the ar bitraryeconduct of Great Britain ; the time had arrived when forbearance had ceased to be a virtue, and measures of resistance bad been adopted. But it had now become' necessary, that some meaTis should be provided, not mere ly to relieve from immediate' oppression, -but to afford se curity against all future encroachments. The first direct step toUafrds this, was a resolution reported by a commit tee, May 10th, 1776, to the following effect : " That it be recommended, to the United Colonies, to adopt such go vernment, as shall in the opinion of the Representatives of the people, best conduce to the happiness and safety of their constituents in particular, and America in general.'' On the '7th of June, Richard Henry Lee moved, that Con gress take into consideration, the propriety of declaring ourselves free and independent. Tuesday, the 11th of June, a committee was appointed to prepare the Declara tion. The following gentlemen were appointed for that purpose : Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Berpmin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert R. Livingston. The committee were elected by ballot, and he who received the highest number of votes, Was considered asr bt ing at the head of the committee. Mr. Jefferson was first, Mr. Adams, second.11 It was in accordance with the wishes of the other members ot the committee, that Mr. Jefferson and Mr, Adams consented to act a a sub-eomniittee; for the purpose of preparing the Declaration- Thomas Jef ferson was its author. Immortal man ! Illustrious patriot! If the aspiring yjgpth who burned the Ephesian dome to obtain immortality, has inscribed a place in the temple of fame, how long, oh! how long, shall Jefferson he remembered ? who, in one day, conferred such an in estimable blessing upon us, fixed the rivet in the chain that binds us together and erected so noble a monument as this a monument more lasting than bras?,' more endu ring than marble. Of all , the signers of the Declaration of Independence, there is but one left Venerable man ! we would bid you rejoice. This Declaration, thi9 Star in the' West, still shines with undiminished lustre, and Will yet lead, the nations of the world to liberty and to happi ness. If the prayers of millions avail any thing, the even inS. f your lfe shall be unclouded, happy and glorious. It Vvas on the fourth of July, on this great and glorious day, that this Declaration received the undivided appro bation, the unanimous sanction of Congress. He whom Jefferson called the Collossus!on the floor," may be con sidered as speaking the sentiments of all the patriots of our revolution, when he said:; '! But whatever hiabe our fate, be assured, be assured, that this Declaration will stand. It may cost treasure, it may cost blood ; but it will stand, and will richly compen sate far both. Through the thick gloo.n of the present, I set the brightness of the future, as the sun in Heaven. We shall make this a glorious, an immortal day. When we ure in our4 graves, our children will honour it. They wil celebrate k with thanksgiving, with festivity, with bonfire?, and illuminations. On its annual return, they will shed tears, copious, pushing tears-not of subjection and slavery, not of agony and distress, but uf exultation, of gratitude and of joy. Sir. before God, I believe the hour is come. My judgment approves thisi measure, aud rn.y whole heart is In it. All that I have.andfall that I am, and all that I hope in this life, I am ready to slake upon it ; and I leave off, as I began, that live or die, survive or parish, I am for the Declaration. v It is my living senti ment, and byhe blessing of God, it shall be my dying sentiment. Independence now, and Independence for ever." . v It was. of men who felt and spoke ;hke this, that the Congress was composed, wheii this Declaration was made. Where shall we find a spectacle more worthy the admira tion of man, more worthy the approbation of Heaven? Shall we look to Rome ? Shall we turn to Greece? If we do, we shall look in vain. I We can never find such another instance of human greatness, of men who came forward risking life, fortune, eveky thing, in the sacred cause of Freedom, resolved to ' dieJTreemen rather than live slaves.' When compared with this, the noble dignity of Roman Senates fades ; the; majestic grandeur of Gre cian Councils vanishes awayas the morning cloud before the rays of the sun. ,We would as soon compare the faint glimmering of the glow worm, with the bright rays of the moon, as soon compare the sluggish flapping of the raven's wing, with the gallant! flight of the American Ea glethe " majestic monarch of the clouds." - Upon an occasion like this. we cannot refrain from in dulging in grateful recollections, in pleasing anticipations- We must wish we had some means ot showing our gratitude to those who formed and secured this union let us do so, by endeavoring to preserve it. And if aught that man can do below, is viewed with joy in heaven, be assured, that the spirits of Washington, Adams, and Jef ferson, are hovering over, and smiling on us with appro bation .'Yes, when Boston, shall say " We are One," Let them hear Fayetteville, ' rising in glory from her ash es; let them hear her respond, ' may ;we go continue forever.' When Massachusetts shall say, ' may the sun never shine on the broken and dishonored fragments of our Union,' let North Carolina reply Liberty and Union Forever.' . , "j. ' j Once more, .then, are we assembled to mingle our con gratulations with our praise, to show forth our gratitude to Him to whom" our forefathers appealed, upon whose protection they had a firm reliance. Let us then rejoice together, and let our joy be unalloyed. Yes, we can still rejoice. We have still much to be proud of. Although a Capitol may be brought to ashes though a marble Statue of the Father of bis Couutry, the ablest work of man, be destroyed by the all devouiirig flame still, we say re joice. Our Union ispreserved while that lasts, we have high exciting prospects before is- I appeal to the aged, to the venerable men around us : I ask them to re flect oh the past to look forward to the future, on the young around them, and say if we have not still cause for exultation ? I see tbeir couutenanceg kindling with the glow of youth. fandthey sayt we have ! I appeal to .he young to those whose hearts are yet buoyed up by the inspirations of eagle-winged hope I ask them to look u: ..or.G . inen one p-Iauce over this crowd uu iu men uaitiiv i i iu." o it ents ; to tern one glance over mis crown gaze but one moment on the last best gift,' t work of Heaven, and how soon will the.r task them to on thf nnfilpct hearts respond with exultation, yes ! Shall I call upon the Nkwberr Grays jto say if we are not nllpd with joy ? Sbai i ask them if we have not much to be proud of 1 Shall I asK them, if we do not rejoice that we are free and united? I need not ; my own bosom affords an answer. With these 1 know, 'Liberty,' Uthe watch-word Union,' the rpiy- r lf. thy refused their assent, I Would appeal to the 'child of the sun." the maieti bird whose winsrs are spread over our' flag our own flag ' by angel bauds w Tutor Given'; I woM neu k.m if joiceT We can imagine the lightning glances of his eye the ruffling of hit plumes, while he) responds, yes! Again I appeal to all and proudly point to this declara tion, the sheet anchor of our hope, and you will answer we do rejoice. The goddess of Liberty is1 now pointing those who are struggling to shake off their yoke of bon dage, to this Declaration, and tells them, " by this, Con quer. " True, we have mourned, and not without cause ; Jefferson Is no more, Adams is gone the master spirits w v - 1 UJ it we ought not to re who breathed th breath of life into this Declaration. But rV8 ul leff.BC' legafcy not only valuable to u, UUt Ol inCttlmnhl Brio. . .1 : I J Tl : I;ila r" fuiueworiii. nut u uui iu of fire bj night, our cloud bj daj." Follow this, and it wdl safely leadjis by the Scylla, of Disunion, the Cba rybdis of Nullification. It is to this Declaration. I now invite y our attention. AN ORATION Delivered by Charles Shepard, Esq. on the 4th of Jiuy, ltui, at ttte request of the Newbern Grays, Soldieb3 atd Citizens, This Day is consecrated to the memory of a great event. It is not the anniver sary of a battle, in which thousands have been sacri ficed to ambition and revenge j it is not the birth-day of a sceptered tyrant, whose subjects reverently bow to the feet which crush them to the earth. No ! the Fourth of July is commemorative of virtue and -of patriotism : it brings to mind great deeds, and great men: it recalls the period when the principles of civil liberty were promulgated, and the foundations of this mighty Republic were laid. Let us, then, on this day, rejoice ; let us return thanks to Almighty Provi dence; let us pay the tribute of gratitude to departed Patriots ; let us exalt our minds and ennoble our hearts by a recurrence to the principles and feelings of the Revolution. If the history of the world were searched, no con test could be found in which a greater disparity exis ted between the parties, than that which was mani fest in the American war. England wjas decidedly the most powerful nation in Europe. She had man y rich and valuable colonies. She was famous for the Arts and Sciences, lor Manufactures and Commerce. Her Navy ruled the ocean ; every sea was the theatre of its exploits, and the mariners of all countries paid homage to her flag. Her Armies were inured to the toils of war, and had often triumphed. Her officers were skilful as well as brave;. they planned and exe cuted with equal success. In addition jto these advan tages, she had just finished a war with France, in which that kingdom was deprived of her finest pos sessions, and her power nearly annihilated. Thus flushed with conquest, England deemed herself in vincible ; her citizens were filled with the highest en thusiasm: the proud recollections of their ancestry, and the more recent achievements of their country men, had excited their emulation. . ' To oppose this gigantic power, the thirteen states took up arms. They huoTnot a ship to protect the coast from invasion, nor a soldier to meet tle enemy on land. The population was sparse and poor ; it was ignorant of military tactics; it had not the protection ol fortifications ; it had no clothing, no ammunition. In one word, our fbretathers were totally unprepared to meet the foe ; they were destitute of every conveni ence, every necessary for carrying on war. This was not all. They were not cheered by the good will and the sympathy of mankind ; the doctrines which they had published to the world were so novel and bold, that the Aristocracy viewed them as pre sumptuous rebels ; wThilst the great mass of people considered them heated enthusiasts, striving to over turn social order and harmony. Thus weak and defenceless thus deprived of all hope of succour from J abroad, the American people bad defiance to England and her myrmidons. They knew the power, they had witnessed the gallantry of her troops and the skill of her Generals; but the spirit which animated their breasts, and the holiness of their causej counter balanced the want of strength, and made up alLdefi ciencies. We are too apt to exalt our own country at the expense of other nations, but we may confidently appeal to history, and ask what people ever displayed a more lofly spirit ; what men ever entered into so unequal a contest, under so many disadvantages. We might stop here, and safely place the claim of our ancestors to immortality, on the ground of ardent heriosm, and high achie vement ; but the basis of their fame is made of still more durable materials, they have a still stronger demand on the admiration of mankind. They not only obtained a victory over the greatest empire on earth, not ouly performed deeds of valour which have rarely been equalled, but they gave tyranny and despotic principles a blow from which they will never recover. At that time, the nations of the earth were under the dominion of absolute princes. The common doc trine was, that the kings derived their authority from Heaven, and disobedience to them, was considered imnietv to find. The reonle had no share in! the government ; their opinions were neither asked nor respected ; their feelings were disregarded, their property and their lives were at the disposal of the sovereign. His will was the law ; he made war and peace ; he imposed taxes to suit his own views, not for the benefit of his subjects ; he gratified his passions and whims at the public expense, and often to the detriment of private individuals. Liberty, indeed, was not extinct in England ; there it burned with a faint and languishing flame; but elsewhere it was smothered under the rubbish of superstition and des potism. The mind, also, was enslaved. The astrono mer, with unbounded license, soared into the sky, and j discovered worlds hitherto unknown. The natural philosopher explored the recesses of nature, and brought to light her secret mysteries ; but in the sci ence of government which above all others is inter esting to our race, no discoveries were made, no bright regions were laid open to the gaze of the -multitude, no ancient systems were exploded. Political subjects were thought above the comprehension of vulgar minds ; they were left to those whom Heaven had made the depositories of power, to-wit, profligate churchmen and the legitimate descendants of the old feudal robbers. , Such was the tyranny of rulers, and such the ab ject servility, of the people. The indifference and apathy which enshrouded the mind, indicated along continuance of 4 slavery, when the resistance ot America to British taxation, showed that liberty was etill known and cherished, that all men would not hug the chains which despots might forge. Our an cestors told the King of England that hehad no au thority to tax them. They declared that the right of property was sacred ; that no one could deprive them of the fruits of their labour without their consent. The Parliament of Great Britain did- not represent America ; its members had no interest in common with the Americans : thev were unacquainted with their wants ; they were ignorant of what would pro mntp tVimT- wplforp ami thev were too willing to transfer their own debt to the despised colonists. Thi(? lanmiacre was uncommon at that day: it strip ped despotism of the garb which rank and wealth had bestowed, and made it appear m itsnaKeu ueiormiiy ; it caused kings to doubt the sanctity of their titles, and tended to make the people feel the weight of their yoke. Our fnrpfathprs nrp. entitled to Draisefor the doctrine, which teaches the connexion between taxation and representation. It is true that in England, taxes could not be levied without the consent pi tne House of nnmmnn. hnt whoever will examine the history kf that hnAv will finrl that, this branch of its power did nnt nrinrinatA f mm a mmnrenensive View ui uuswcai principle. Even at this day, with all the light of modern science and the benefit ot our example, some of the first statesmen in England, deny its existence, ana are stmWiimr with all their wealth and influ ence against reform. The Americans corned inno vation still farther. Their minds seemed to partake the orandeur of the natural scenery of their country; they were elevated by the sight of its lofty mountains, they were enlarged by the extent of its lakes and rivers. They breathed the same air, they walked; on the same earth, and they were visited by the same light as the sovereigns of Europe. They worshipped ho en mo OrA thev were inhabited by toe same im mortal soul, and they asked why so great a difference should exist between men : why somes hould be born tyrants and others subjects ; why some should inherit kingdoms and others be glad to hide their heads in a hovel. They scouted the idea that nature had made so uniust a aisiriDuuon 01 11s lavoura , mey wuuu by ti fc8 and thewnole conti e LeaJ SritHf llisUdi-en- r f nent from the St, Jwreijce to the Straits of Magel- insult their uod degraded tbe great majority T V , - ' " , I! i . . L. 7"- - v r granenti of Europe hate proceeded &I0rC?r Chances William the NorVnan, the ?to y!"JFeaaA fry f England, was a rode and baroarous soldier; he conquered Britain eome centuries ago, and placed himself on the throne of the Saxons. It cannot be pretended, because he had Physeal power, -because he had a darinr and ruthless soldiery at his back, that he had a right to govern the English. Much more absurd is it to eup poee, that the descendants of this man inherit a title to the service and obedience of the people, whom he reduced to subjection, j From what source, then, must governments proceed ? From the 'will of the governed. Reasoning like this, produced that great Decla ration of the Congress of 76 which says, " all men are wcaieu equal, tney are endowed Dytneir vreatorwiin rt111 enable rights; among these are life, hbertyand the pursuit of happiness. To secure these ngnte, governments are instituted among men, de nvintheirjust powers from the consent or the gov erned. ' We are accustomed to these truths. They are instilled mto our minds at the first dawn of reason, and we wonder that they were ever denied. , For many ages, astronomers believed that the sun moved round the earth; now he who would .maintain this theory, would be called a madman. The puritans of New England once punished old women for witch craft ; but now, none can be found so ignorant as to suppose that human creatures hold intercourse with the world of spirits. So it is with the political princi ples which our forefathers discovered. They are now plain and self-evident ; the time was when they were new, when the majority of people did not sanction them, and we should deprive the great authors of them of due credit, no sooner than we should say that Copernicus does not deserve praise, for proving that the earth revolved around the sun. Thus did the American sages and patriots elevate the condition of the human family. Men were no longer to be considered beasts of burden for a favoured few ; kings were no longer to assume superiority and exclusive privileges. - The English revolution of 1640, was effected by the religious fanaticism of the people ; that of France, in 1789, arose from the unbridled violence of the mob, caused by oppressions which had been accumulating for ages, and by sufferings which humanity could not endure. What was the manner in which our fathers triumphed ? The people were quiet; there was no violation of law, no secret bloodshed and massa cre, no outrageous destruction of property. The gray headV, and the stout hearts of the land, were aesenil sled in solemn council. They reasoned with each other ; they calculated the power of England ; they examined the resources of the colonies ; e very act was the result of reflection, every step was taken with a cautious prudence. There might be seen the mild and amiable Franklin, giving to his countrymen the lessons of ex perience and practical good sense ;n there were Jeffer son and Adams, labouring side by side the one calmly and philosophically delivering the wisdom which flowed from extensive reading and a fertile mind; the other, enforcing his sentiments with an energy arid eloquence which have never been sur passed. These men and their associates have left the earth ; they need no eulogy from us, but they deserve the homage of our hearts. Let us cherish their memory ; let us teach our children to lisp their names, let us recount to them their glorious actions. Thus far the most romantic visions of national glory have been f ally realized. The thirteen colonies have become twenty-four large and powerful, republics. The population, which skirted the At lantic border, has stretched into the interior ; it has ascended the Alleghany ; it has overspread the vast valley of the Mississippi, and ere long it will reach the Western ocean. The emigrant carries with him the institutions in which he was nurtured ; he carries with him! education and intelligence ; above all, he carries tliat love of liberty and that capacity for self government which characterize the race. By his enterprizp, the scenery of the wilderness has been entirely changed. The forest, which was used by the native for a hunting ground, has been converted into smili ng fields, rich with the products of human industry. Thfe wigwam has given way to the in genious dwellings of civilization; the council fire has yielded to the legislative hall ; the spot where many a sjavage fight has taken place, is now the re sidence of the arts. : Whilst thousands of villages and towns are spring ing up in every section of the country, those of the Revolution have swelled into populous cities, rival ling in wealth and refinement the great capitals of iiiUrope. Commerce has been wonderfully extended. l ne restrictive policy ot Encrland confined the trade of the colonies to the British isles; but now our ports are filled with ships from all the maritime nations, and our seamen visit everv portion of the Globe where adventure can meet reward, and where they carry a knowledge of the country and its character. Agriculture bias attained a degree of perfection, which the men of '76 never anticipated. Education is ainusea among all classes ot tne community lo where is the great body of the people so intelligent ; all are well informed on most of the subjects which relate to the welfare of society, and many are equal if not superior to the scholar and statesmen of Eu rope. These blessings have flowed from the success ful valour of our forefathers. It is our duty to guard, to increase, and to perpetuate them. Americans ! the eyes ol the whole world are upon us; the hopes of the philanthropist hang on our con duct; the oppressed of every clime looks up to us for a cheering sympathy ; the happiness of unborn mil lions is put in our charge. As the Israelites of old were chosen by Heaven, to preserve the true Religion uncontaminated by the wickedness and idolatry of otner people, so we are the. lavoured race selected to keep alive the principles of political liberty, and to hand them down to succeeding generations. We should not abuse the trust. We should not disappoint the expectations of the wise and good.' If the expe riment of self-government fail here, it must fail everv where.. If the light, which now burns sbrilhantly on our shores, shooting its ravs to everv nart of the world, be extinguished, a long and everlasting night of political darkness, will cover the earth. This is a tremendous responsibility. If we neglect our dutv. i x i :1 i?u P ! Ji ii uy uur wiiuuct, we uring uDercy uiio aisgrace and cause her to be driven from among men, our forefa thers and the people of all coming time will rise up in judgment against us at a future day. The former will tell of their sufferings from heat, from cold, and from famine, ol their hard fought battles, of the blood which they freely spilled for the benefit of posteritv. The latter will recount our privileges, the happiness we possessed, and demand why we injured and des- iroyea uie precious innentance which should have des cended to them. Great will be our condemnation. Let us then be watchful. Let us follow the foot steps of our fathers, let us be guided bv their prin ciples, and imitate their patriotism. Let demagogues and political bigots be discarded from confidence;! let the wise and the virtuous be our counsellors; let obe dience to law, temperate feelings and mutual forbear ance, constitute our character. Everv nation" has its day of adversity. We too must look for reverse ofj iortune, we must expect foreign war and intestine cornmotion. But if the Revolution be remembered, if we constantly drink at its sacred and inspiring fountainsjou? freedom and independence may be main tained forever. The orb of day sometimes rises ob scured by clouds j in his approach to the meridian tney are dissipated, and he pursues bis course until he sets in splendour in the West. So mav it be with our be loved country ! The morning of her existence was dark and gloomy; but a brighter period has come, and she is now rapidly marching to the zenith of glory ; long, long, may she continue there, and may tie evening of her life be as brilhnt as itsnoon! The effects of the Revolution have not been eon finA n TVorth America. The luxurious Mid super stitious Spaniard of the Southern Hemisphere, has Ian is now free and independeOL Thewtde Atlantic 1 ' - - is not a sufficient barrier to our doctrines. They have penetrated into ie most despotic countries, they are enlightening all people, they are. shaking the thrones which hare been built on weakness and ignorance. Our ancient ally of France was unfortunate in her first attempt, but she jtas again risen in her might and broken the chains, which the combined tyranny of Europe had fastened oh her May happiness crown her efforts. Poland too has revived. r To the eternal diegraca of man, this gallant nStioni has been three times dif vided by the royal robbers of Europe. They have parcelled out her territory as if it belonged to them they have gi ven to each other her citizen?, as if they were so many sheep at tjie shambles. These out rages can never be forgotfen. The bones of Polish patriots he buried in the soil of every country, but their spirits still hover over the land of .their birth,; their names are still remembered with pride arid their actions are still thought worthy of imitation. To the first cry of liberty in France, the Poles responded. -Their tyrants were expelled. Soon the barbarians returned, and entered the country like a deluge. But the Pole was prepared; he met the despot and they, are now struggling. Perhaps, at this moment, Prague is burning, the Vistula has been passed, and the savage host lie en- camped on the plains of Warsaw. On all, sides are seen countless multitudes differing in language, man-, ners, and dress, but agreeing in tneir horrid yell and " ferocious cries of murder and revenge. They consi der the prey within their grasp ; they think of the wealth, the beauty, and the luxury, which await them. They are impatient for plunder and rapine. There too may be seen the small but gallant army, of the Poles. Not a whisper is heard. They look like men charged with a grave and important duty They feel that they are the last hope of their coon try; if they be unsuccessful, its chains will be made stronger and more weighty. They think of their parents, their wives, and their children; theyshudder at what may po&sibly be their fate. They look at the enemy and they are almost maddened with rage. The streets of Warsaw are deserted. Its places of amusement are closed. Its churches resound with invocations for the assistance of Heaven. Its walls, are crowded with ahVages and sexes, who come with heavy hearts and tearful eyes to witness the ap proaching combat. They gaze on the opposing ar mies, they tremble for their husbands and children, they tremble lor themselves, they tremble for their unfortunate country. The signal is given; the en gagement commences. Heaven and earth echo with the war of the artillery. The groans of the dying are mingled with the animating exhortations of the combatants. Poland ! our hearts aret with yoa, may God in his mercy protect and defend you.1 Mr. Ingham, late Secretary of the Treasury, on his return home, attended a public dinner given him by a number of his friends. In. his address on the oc casion, we find the following observations in relation tothe-Tariff: : u It ought not to be disguised, that the final extinguish ment of the public debt, which is very near at hand, will present a new crises in the affairs of our country. The public mind should therefore be familiarized to it, and preparation made in advance for the event- r To continue permanently upon the people, taxes equal to ten millions of dollars, the amount of the present sinking fund, rfWHfe man will be required lor tne current expenses of the gov ernment, wilt, I most conscientiously believe, hazard the existence or This union j and the more we dis regard the complaints of those who think themselves ag grieved, the more .rapidly will that great evirge hastened. wnai can compensate tor the breaking up of a confedera tion, which is the highest and may be the last hope of liberty? On the other hand, suddenly and indiscrimin ately to reduce the impost duties to the scale of revenue for the current expenditure, would cause a scene of ruiu which cannot be described. I have no doubt but all theso evils may be averted, and instead of multiplying antago nist interests and exciting animosity and hatred through out the nation, marked by geographical boundaries, the most dangerous ot all, that measures might be adopted which .would preserve every interest of the country, in the operation of which, every section would be reconciled ; and which would in fact, draw together the different patts t with bonds ot ailection, founded tn mutual personal us well as political interests. The successful adaptation of; thesemeasures to their end, will require not less the spirit, of patriotism and of compromise, than knowledge of the! condition and skill in the arrangement of our diversified pursuits. The system is ceanplex, aud simplicity can onl v be restored by slow degrees, and tbe time is at hand when the work should be in progress. The, difficulties are great, but they are not insurmountable, and tbe object is worthy the highest effort of human intelligence, fo 'e?- tabli.h firmly the bonds of this union, not by physical -power, but by means of tbe moral cements, mutual affec tion aud mutual interest, is a work of the most exalted ' character, and when accomplished, will perpetuate an undistutfcd possession of our tich inheritance, not only to our posterity, out render it at no distant day, by the mere torce ol example, not less valuable to the eause'of huniau liberty and happiness throughout the world." Interesting Scene, A few dava since a vounr tradesman, a native of Ireland, but long a resident in this city, in passing along a wharf at which a ship lrom one ol the ports in Ireland was about to be made fast, stopped as is usual with persons from a foreign country, to observe whether any face which had been familier to their eye in earlier vears. miffht not-pre sent itself. In the bustle of attempting to ffet aulckl v - on shore, one of the passengers fell into the dock and instantly sunk under the vessel ; without a moments hesitation the young man before alluded to, who had remained to gratify his curiosity, plunged into the deep after the drowning man, and with Considerably difficulty succeeded in bnnerinir him safe on Jand. The deliverer very naturally felt anxious to see his prize restored to perfect Hie, and; with this view re mained to tender his assistance without going away to change or even dry his apparel. A few momenta af ter some simple remedies had been applied, the res cued man slowly opened his eyes and murmured " God bless you, God bless you, it would be too soon to die far far away from home.' The voice, and the awakening countenance of the newly arrived young man, filled the other with an intensity of eagerncsa visible to all around he asked the place of birth and name of his patient; both questions were soon an swered satisfactorily enough to prove that the rescued, and the rescuer were brothers! It is needless to at tempt to relate the sequel, in an instant they Were interlocked in a close embrace and a thousand ques- made on eachiside before one could be answered. Finally the brothers retired amidst the ejaculations and the wonder of all who observed the singular scene. X York Courier and Enq. On Wednesday evening lastj by the Rev. John R. Gomanf Mr; FREDERICK . JDNTSS, to Miss HANNAH A. SHINE, daughter of the late CoK William Shine. On Tuesday last, Miss ELIZABETH HOW ARD, daughter of Mr. James Howard. pout of uiiwiiimn. ARRIVED, Schr. Henrietta, Simpson, New York - Schr. Mary, Chadwick, New York. Sloop Prince Maurice, Tubman; Philadelpbi. CLEARED, Schr. Sarah, Jones, New York. . Schr. Perseverance, Scott, New Schr. Lima. Jones, Baltimore. - v.--.f- ..- mi it-. J-i: n u.r- ,1