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fx. i AND EWBEKI COMMEECIAL, AHICUXiTUHAI . AND LITEEARl INTEILILKKIESMCEIEB'. I 1 : I - . ! ' - ., ' '- V; M - PUBLISHED 1 . BY THOMAS WATSON it 'it three dollars per annum payable in advance. Nonaber will be discontinued (but at the dis- rrtion of the Editor) until aHarrearages have been y. jRemittances by mail will be guaranteed by jfrz Editor. ; i- !'.. $r$ Whoever will secure the payment of five pipers snail nave iiie sixiu ukahh. Sylvester's, .VO. 1 3 Or BR OA D WA Y, NEW YORK. FIR15 THE GREAT GUNS! UNPRECEDENTED LUCK!! Drawing of the Neio York lottery,- ixira iiiass, No. lS,(called the Mammoth Lottery) bept.Zly 4 22 31 21 8 14 Combination 4, 22, 21, the 6RAND CAPI- 'tJvL of 8 50,000, was actually sent in a Whole Ticket to Pittsburg, Pa. It was only fourteen days ago I sold at the same place, the ' 10,000 prize in a Whole Ticket ! Who can fCual the ever and all lucky Sylvester, who not only pays the Capitals without" gauging'1 'but never publishes the names of fortunate hold- pfS. TOT lilc iruur ui my scimig v-uinj, can refer to the Managers. TCj? Orders, in all cases, must be adJressed M the suDscriner, wno is nceuseu vy me oiaic, litlQ in all lllSWUlVa acil3 mt: vugiuui ivv to and shares, rersons who deal with Sylvester w 11 receive GRATIS the " Reporter, Coun terfeit Detector and New York Price Current ," published every Wednesday, as containing tmich usjeful information to my distant Patrons. The following Classes will next be Drawn. -October 19, Extra 29. j Numbers, 32 in a Package, 10 druwn ballots. CAPITALS, S 40,000, 810,000, . Tickets 810. Packages of 22 Tickets cost 8220 00 "Warranted to draw . 120 00 October 26, Extra 20. ' mfrumbcrs, 22 in a Package, 10 drawn ballots. HIGHEST PRIZE 8 20,000. f Tickets 8 & ; Lowest Prize 8 (. 'ackages of 22 Tickets cost ?11U UU j Warranted to draw 45 90 ft. B. A Lottery will be drawn every Wed- ncsdav; those wisnmg 10 au t-uiuic mcu umv mit any amount thev please, and the original tickets will be jorwarueu. S. j; SYLVESTER takes this opportunity nf (returning his sincere thanks to his friends in Nnrfh Haro ma ior their liberal support, lie a v ays has acted and will continue to act in a n anner worthy of their patronage. There are so mmy pretenders to public patronage, that if is requisite my friends should again be re- rnmuea tnai j tare w vumcvxiun ivunuuy vmi ftctson, and that orders in all cases, must be Addressed to S. J. SYLVESTER, Broker, i New York. XewYork, bept. 30, 1831. j-f Tie Editorief the Washington Union. Tnrboroufh rtt Press, JVesttrn Carolinian, Miner V - Farmers' Joxtr i ', North Carolina Journal, and HaUigh Star, will give e above ihree insertions, and forward their . accounts to J. Sylvester. ' SCHUYLER'S LUCKY PALACE V S FORTUNE New York, 26th Sept. 1831. Another great, grand and glorious victory- I hough t so No mistake in Schuyler No sham -rSplendid realities Just like Schuyler. Drawing of the N. 1. Mammoth Lottery, ;x Na Class-No. 18 r - i , 31 -21 8 14 :o. 21 31 4, Ihe capital of $20,000, was ac- tuallv sold by Schuyler, to two gentlemen from the South. By special permission, I am al- Iou-pH in' nnhlUh thpir ifamfts-. It is but sel- dom I have this privilege from the lucky holders of the many splendid capitals that are weekly obtained -1 from my office. The names of the holders of the prizes are Messrs, Ben jamin C. Eaton of Halifax N. C. fc James Gor don of Norfolk, Virginia. The prize was pre sented the day after the drawing, and the cur rent cash promptly paid for the same, and the ticket, is, as usual, displayed in Schuyler's win dow. " I also sold many other of the comforta bles, too numerous to mention in this advertise- inent particulars in mv Lottery Herald. The largest capital of $50,000, was: sent by the Ianagers to their Agent at Pittsburgh, Penn. ; Jjio vender in this city had any thing to do with ly lhis notice is necessary, m consequence Of one of the Venders, who endeavors to puff the public into a belief that he had sent it out of the city. The other prizes were sold in fmall shares in this city. I Orders from abroad, for prizes as usual, to be mrecfed , ANTHONV H. SCHUYLER, New York. FOR YOUNG LADIES. iUffRS. CLETHERALL proposes to open a r,"-- Seminary for Young Ladies, in Newbern, the firstof November next. Parents and Guardians desirous of placing young Ladies under her charge, are requested to intimate the sameo Mrs. Margaret Scott, "nPoilok-street, or to J. Burgwyri, Esq. on East Front- street. Terms as usual. ; i f 1 A few young Ladies will betaken as Boarders, and particular attention will be paid to their manners and behaviour, &o as to render them, on leaving School, fit to enter Wiety, or to superintend the management of domestic affairs. ; ' TeqHers of Music, and of Dancing, will be procured as soon,as the necessary number of pupils are engaged. French and Drawing will be taught Further parti culars will be communicated hereafter. i REFERENCE. Wluam Gaston, Esq. Hon. John R. Donnf.it... Rev. jj. R. Goodman, Moses Jarvis, Esq. Hardy B. Croom, Esq. John Burowyn, Esq. -John H. Bryan, Esq. ton, y .S. Hawks, Esq. Washing-! I A NOTHER SPLENDID VICTORY FOR JSX UNPARALLELED CLARK AND CO. who are continually selling the capitals in eve ry lottery. Drawing of the New York Con solidated Lottery, extra class No. 18, for 1831, drawn Wfdnesdav, September 21st, 1831 : .4' I 22 31 21 8 14 Which gives the following splendid result Comb. 4, 21, 31, the Grand Capital Prize! of 850,000, sent to Pittsburg, Penn. and the fol lowing Capital Prizes were sold by Clark &Co. UomD. . o, OVU, wuuie iicivci , i, 31, 22, 81000, do. do ; 22, 31, 21, in 81000, in shares; 31, 21, 14, 800; 22, 8, 14,8806. ' The above capitals were actually sold and paid at the above office. CLARK 6c CO. are continually selling the capitals in every lottery. For instance, look and behold what splendid luck in the two late lotteries : The Mammoth Lottery, which was drawn on ( Wednesday, 15th ult. the following capitals were sold and paid, viz: Comb. 26, 13, 14, the capital of 820,000, sold to a gentleman of this city: comb. 21 26 31 85000, sent to Long Island ; comb. 31 13 21, 82000, sold in a whole ticket to a gentleman in Pearl street; and in class extra No. 14, drawn on Wednesday, 1st June, the following splendid capital comb. 3 1 29, 830,000, was sold and paid to a young lady of thts city. For the capitals, apply at the above lucky offiee, where have been sold and paid, prizes of 850,000,40,000,30,000,25, 000,20,000, 6 of 810,000 each, also a.host of 85000, &c. . flj To those who purchase a package of whole, or shares of tickets, a liberaldeduction will be allowed. ; Address CLARK & CO. 21 Of Broadway, corner of Fulton st. Orders per maiPpromptly attended to. Clubs dealt with on favourable terms. Purchasers of tickets at Clark & Co's office, will receive " Clark & CoV Weekly Messenger," without charge. We refer those with whom we have not the pleasure of an acquaintance, to Messrs. Yates & M'Intyre, New York. ! New York, Sept. ?0, 1831. 3 FKK8H FAMILY FLOUR, efce. Halfbbls. fresh ground Flour, from neMri wheat, "fancv brand." Half bbl. Soda Crackers, Z irtio- ditto Butter do. 10 bbls. Pilot Bread, 10 do. Navy do. 10 do. Apple Brandy, 2 hhds. N. E. Itum," -4." 2 do. Rye Whiskey, 5 bblsi superior old Monongaliela ditto, 2 do. 4 Jamaica Rum, 1 bbl, best Winter Sperm Oil, 1 do. Train Oil, Chewing Tobacco, of various qualities, re ceived this day per schooner John, from Balti more, and for sale by JOSEPH M. GRANADE, & Co. Sept. 7. M. STEVENSON, Senr. ttt K(iS lave to correct an erroneous impression JQJf which hnsbeenjunfairlvmadeori the public mind. u i.-u: ua r;; ' u;Un ..r hor, for the accommodation of every decent family who shall be so unfortunate as to require its use. His per- sonal attendance at Funerals is likewise ottered to all persons of the same description, and no pains shall -bp spared, on his part, to have the solemnities conducted with Rohrvetv riecpnr.v and tmod order. " I It is hoped that the following reasonable charges win be satisfactory. . Neatest Mahogany Coffin,for a grown per-1 XvS U35 personal attendance, and the use of his horse "O 7 -"fc I and Bier, I J Neatest stained Poplar or Pine Coffin, with engraved Silver Plate, and a casein the bot- $25 torn of the grave ; together with horse, Hearse V and attendance, J Plain, stained Poplar Coffin, lined with)10 jamonc, Dut wunout me onver riate, y Plain,, stained Coffin, with a neat pinked )ao Cambric border, but without lining, $ . Common Parish Conine, . 84 Children's Coffins & Funerals, in the above proportion. Newbern, Aug. 3 131. "JOHN W. NELSON; ! CABINET! MAKER, continues to manufacture every article in his line of business. He is at all times provided with the best materials: and in return lor the liberal and in creasing patronage wmcn ne receives, ne promises punctuality and fidelity. He continues to make our t ana to supenn , t m 1 ! , I , 11 t . .- T , w w r tend FUNERALS ; and that he may be enabled to conduct the solemnities of interment more becomincrlv and satisfactorily, ne nas constructed a superior HEARSE, for the use of which no additional charge will be made. Newbern, June 1st, . : : ; CABINET MAKER. lED EGS leave to inform his friends and the public, ii-D that he has removed his Shop to the building on Pollok-Street, lately occupied by Mr. JohniW. Nelson. He is prepared to execute all orders in his' line of business, and will make and repair Furniture j on reasonable terms and at the shortest notice. MAHOGANY and common COFFINS, will be j furnished on the most reasonable termf , apd his per sonal attendance given on Funeral occasions. Newbern, 28th Sept. 1821. COTTON BAGGING, BALE ROPE, & c. OlTK Pces 42 inch Dundee Hemp Bagging, tPK 20 cotls Bale Rone. 4 bales Spun Cotton 9501 bs. assorted from N9. 5 to 15 1 bale low priced 3-4 Brown Sheetings, 1 pipe very superior old Holland Gin, 1 hhd. first quality N O. Sugar, 6 bbls and tierces W. 1. ditto, 9 casks good Cheese, 7 1 hhd. firfct quality Wl I. Rum, 4 bags Green Coffee, 2 boxes Soap, 29 bars English and Swedes Irn, assorted from 1 1 looincues wiae.. Received per schooner Francis Withers, from New xoric, ana iur saie uy ; JOS. M. GRANADE & Co. ewberq, Sept, 28. Dunn's Corner. VALUABLE PROPERTY FOR SALE. FTnHE President and Directors of the Bank of Newbern have determined to sell all the real estate in Newbern and its vicinity, and all the slaves which they have taken in payment of dents, l hey will receive private proposals lor any part of the undermentioned property; until the 17th of uctober next, at which time, being the hrst day ot the Superior Court of Craven, at the Court House in Newbern, they will expose the same, or all which may rtot be sold in the mean time, to public sale, to the highest bidder, and without reserve, upon the fol lowing terms: The real property will be sold on a credit of one and two years, drawing interest from the time when pos session is to be given, the purchaser giving bonds with approved sureties, and also a deed of trust on the property. In all cases wherein a different time is not named for delivering possession, the purchaser is to take possession immediately: The slaves are to be sold on a credit of ninety days, the purchaser giving negotiable notes with approved sureties, drawing.ih terest from the date. Wherever it is desired by the purchaser, either of land or slavesj the Bank will take payment in its own Stock, a share being valued at $65, provided such payment be actually made by a transfer ofthe shares within fifteen days after the sale. THE REAL ESTATE TO BE SOLD IS AS FOLLOWS: That valuable and well known BSS: .PLANTATION on Brices Creek, containing about 800 acres, now occupied by Col. Eli Ward, lately belonging to James G. Stanly, Esq. Of this, possession will be delivered on the first of January nejxt. The residue of that well known PLANTATION and the adjacent lands in Joties County, on Trent River and Island Creek, lately belonging to John Stanly, Esq. and whereof a part has been conveyed to Major Alfred Stanly. The part to be sold contains the Mill and Mill seat, and it is believed about 1709 acres of land. ; A Tract of Land on Neuse Road, about two miles from Newbern, containing 62 acres, and purchased by M. C. Stephens from Durant Hatch.- A tract on the same road, abotii 5 or1S miles from Newbern, containing about 196 aci-es, commonly called the Folly place, bought by John C. Stanly from Frederick Fonville. The well known tract in that neigh borhood, called Cedar Grove, containing about 300 acres. A tract in the same neighborhood, dalled the Durham tract, containing about 200 acres. Another m that neighborhood, called the Good tract, containing about 360 acres. And another, bought by J. Stanly, of Sanders and Clark, and containing about 200 acres. Also, the following KLotsH a rid parts of Lots, m Newbern. The four well known tenements with brick Stores thereon, on Lot No. 51, Craven-St. The Lot extends 214 feet in depth. Ofthe upper tenement, possession may be haH immediately, but ol the three others, it will be delivered ojn the 7th January Part of Lot No. 50, on Craven-street, directly North of Mr. Isaac Taylor's, extending 53 leet in iront ana zi in aeptn. A part of said Lot, directly bacK of Mr. Taylors, extern ling East andWesf78 feet, and North and Soutli, 53ieet. Fart ol L,ots JNo. 41 anct 5 1, on Johnston-srreet, back of the Academy, extending along that street 214 feet, and 144f in depth, con- veyed to M. O. btepherts by John U. Usborn. 1'axt oi inu juoi iu. i , aiuitiuinti of Pollok and Middle-streets, frequently called the Griffin Lot, extending 107 leet o inches on Miaaie-st and 77 on Pollok-btreet. ' William timaes nas lease, of which about three years have to run, on a nart. The nnrchaaer is to be entitled to tne rent from the day of sale The Northern half of the Water Front ofLot Na n8 on Neuse River The Water Front. of Lot No. 119, on Neuee River. j The frontof Lot No. 109, on Neuse, at the corner of EastFront and ChangeTstreets. The improved Lot No. 284, at the corner of New and Hancock-streets, where John C Stanly resides. The Lot No. 126, and part ot lots No. 125 and 127, at the corner of Union and uraves- streets, constituting the tenement where Mr. James G. Stanly lately resided, and whirts-noAV occupied by Col. Ward. The Lot No. 353, on Uueen-street, where Boston now resides. The Lot No. 39, on Broad-street, sub- iect to a life estate in Bob Lisbon and Evalme. Lot No. 305, on New-street, wnere Juni Fole3Jlde to 1S at lE of Lot No. 306. Oh this, there are one or, more leases, it is believed, and if so, the purchaser is to have the benefit of them, from day ol sale. Two Lots iri Drveborouo-h, conveyed to M. C. Stephens, by Cornelius Weks, joining lots formerly owned by Samuel Chapman, deceased, and hack of Mr. Wilson's residence. i A Diece of land ol 3 i-d acres, adjoin ing Dryeborough, on the East side of the road to Smith's Ferry, opposite tne iana oi rar. naw. And about ten Slaves. By order of the President arid Directors, JOHN W. GUION, Cashier. August 29th, 1831. TAILORING. WTTVfl tn the nressure of the rimes, the subscri UJ' ber has determined to reduce hie prices tathe following rates, viv: For making fine Cloth Coats, S4 3 o 1 0 1 0 50 50 50 00 75 00 75 Common do. Homespun do. Fine Pantaloons, Common do. Fine Vests, Common do. 4( For Cutting Coats, " Pantaloons, Vests, 0 40 0 20 0 20 And in nroTjortion for. other Work not specified. He respectfully solicits the patronage of jhfs friends and thp nnhlic and assures those who may employ him that their work will be done faithfully, in the latest fashions, and with all practicable dispatch. His shop is on Craven-Street, a few doors South of the Bank of Newbern. ; SPENCE P. WILLIS. Newbern, Sept. 28, 1831, j I . .- - - 4 Prom the United States1 Gazette. MR. CALHOUN'S DECLARATION. Messrs. Editors: Having listened to a dialogue between a Virsinian and a Pennsvlvanian on the subject of Mr; Calhoun's Nulhfication "sentiments,! have written it down, from memoryj arid offer it to ycur attention, as comprising the fullest discussion that I have yet seen attempted, and of this interest ing question. r A. A. Penyhanian-l have been regretting very much tliat Mr. Calhoun has obliged me to give him up as a politician for I really entertained a great regard for him and hoped to see him, at some future time, in the Presidential Chair. Virginianl never had anv such very exalted opinion of the Vice President, but, I have seen no thing in his recent publication, to make me think less highly of him than before. Why do you give him up? P. Because he has avowed, himself a Nidlifier and no man can be fit' to fill the Executive Chair if instead of executing, the laws, he stands ready to ar prove of their being nullified. V. Does Mn Calhoun maintain that a laic be rightfully nullified 1 may P. So I understand him. Do not you? V. Certainly not. His doctrine is, I believe, that acts of the General Government, which are not laws, may be rightfully resisted by the State Governments; but this is only when such act is plainly, palpably, and mischievously a violation ofthe Constitution, and therefore not a law. P. But he says the State may judge whether the act is or is not an infraction ol the Constitution. Surely, this is allowing one State to nullify the acts ot all the others I Fv-You will allow, that if the act of twenty-three ofthe States be clearly and indisputably unconstitu tional and oppressive towards the remaining owe, this one has a right to resist, or, in other words, nullify such iniquitous and unjustifiable act. Suppose an extreme case. Imagine that a direct tax on Pennsylvania alone, were enacted by Con gress, and sustained as constitutional by the Supreme Court ; would your State submit, and pay it? P. No,; certainly ; because such a law would be plainly unconstitutional. V. Very well, all that Mr. Calhoun contends for is the right to interpose the protection of the State Government, in defence of the rights of the citizen, when those rights are invaded by a plain, intentional, and injurious violation of the Constitution. So that you agree with him in-the principle, although per haps not in the application of it. P. As to the principle of such resistance I agree, if that be his doctrine. But I do not grant that a State has any right to interfere. The people could defend themselves against, such oppressions. It is the error of Mr. Calhoun, that he considers the, General Government as emanating from the States, and not from the people. Mr. Adams, in his late oration, has treated this subject unanswerably. The idea of cal ling the Constitution a mere compact between the States, is absurd, and leads to all the nonsense of Nulhhcation, and treason. V. Mr. Adams has given a strong argument, but not unanswerable. Much mav be said on both sides of this question ; and you must not allow your horror of treason or disunion, to frighten you from looking at the historical and political questions, fairly and can didly, i P. 1 am disposed to do so; but surely the people made the Constitution : and Mr. Adams mentions a curious fact, that the word so ve re ign does not occur at all in the Declaration of Independence, as applied to a State. V. True; but it musfebe also admitted that the Revolutionary Congress emanated from the colonies not from the people directly, but the respective Colo nial Governments. The Representatives voted by States, even on the question of the Declaration of Iudependence. P. Yet they signed it, as Mr. Adams observes. TXTi t hnn rli'otintirfcn rC SJto oo oa i i' tVioir ronrocontn1 ointly, the whole American people. V. The signing, by the Members, was very ho norable to them individually, under the perilous cir cumstances of the times, but was not an act of any political consequence, l hey could not have intended, by signing promiscuously, to signify that they repre sented the whole United States indiscriminately. - Mr. Carroll did not surely pretend to represent Mas sachusetts, nor Mr. Adams to represent Virginia. Each Delegation acted under special instructions rom the Colonial or State Legislatures. Virginia instructed her Delegates to move for a Declaration of T 1 "I -"1.1 11 1. independence ; nut sne am not pretend to instruct any Delegates besides her own. So of the rest; and it is remarkable, that, in Pennsylvania, instructions had been given to vote afams Independence : the people weref nevertheless, for it, but they did not un dertake to instruct their Pennsylvania Members, ex cept by means of a Convention of Deputies, which acted upon the Legislature, or " Asrembly," and In duced that body to change the instructions. No one disputed that the " (jreneral Assembly," in which the State sovereignty resided, was alone competent! to instruct the Representatives in Congress, and bid them vote in lavor ot Independence. P. But there is no such thing as sovereignty, ex cept in the people Mr. Adams has shown this con clusively. V. I do not say that sovereignty means despotic power, as Mr. Adams seems to take tor granted. But I will show you, directly, that such a thing as State sovereignty was acknowledged by our revolutionary patriots, very eany in ine struggle. As to the argu ment drawn from the mode in which the Members of the Congress placed their names to the Declaration, you must remember that the Declaration was issued with only the names of John Hancock, President, and Charles Thompson, Secretary; but, just then, the Biitish landed on Long Islind, in great force, and defeated the American armyi every thing wore a gloomy and discouraging aspect, and the Members of Congress, by a subsequent and unanimous vote, resolved to place their names along-side of Hancock's. io suuw-uiax uiey uia not snnnK irom the consequen ces, nor desire to conceal their respective acrpnrv in 1 a the audacious act. " i P. I admit this fact does not help Mr. Adams's ar gument. But, in whose name was the Declaration issued? j ' V. In the name and on behalf of "these States.11 The expressions are, however, somewhat mixed, I think. , Here is the document itself let us look to the concluding paragraph : " We, therefore, the Repre sentatives of the United States -of America, in Gene ral Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the World for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by the authority, of the good people of these Colonies, solemnly publish and! de clare, that these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent Statu, &e, . P. Then it was declared by jthe authority of the Yee that the Colonies are free and indejjeh dent States4-not one free and independent State, or nation, or people. But you must look a little further to see how the ideas of out fathers settled down 'into notions of separate State sovereignties. And though Mr. Adams is right in saying; that no one of the States had a right to secede front the Union with the reet, yet Burelv, if o?Z the States agree that each should possess a separate sovereignty, it was comne tent for them to do so. i You refer, I presume, to the Confederation. ; K I do. A Committee of Congress was appointed a month before the Declaration of Independence to prepare a plan of Confederation; in 1778 a circular letter was sent hy Congress to those States which had not authorized their Delegates to ratify the Con federation, as then reported. In this circular the Con federation is called a "compact" the very word usedby.Mr. Calhoun; and, more, a compact to which Statesi are the parties. The Confederation itself provides, m the second article, that "each State retains its sovereignty freedom and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not, by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States in Congress assembled." i The existence of State sovereignties was thus dia tinctly admitted, and if you say there is now no such thing in existence, you must show how and when these sovereignties were lost or relinquished; P. The Confederation was superceded by the Con stitution, which was formed because a Government less dependant on State authorities was necessary tor the welfare of the people. K Yes; but if you argue, that a consolidated Go vernment was . established in which State sovereign ties were wholly merged, you will have a hard task on your hands ; and must over-rule your late Gk veraor and distinguished Chief Justice M'Kean, whose , opinion Mr. Calhoun has cited. P M'Kean was certainly a patriot, a man of dis tinguished usefulness in the Revolution-a map of talents, and one that must have known how the mat ter was understood at the time but he was not in- fallible. V. Let us look at his decision in Cobbet's case, and see if it bears the mark of heresvj or looks reasonable and constitutional. It took place in before South Carolina Nullification was talked ordreamedofr Here is the 'third volume of "Dallas' Reports;" and I turn tot page 473, ior the unanimous opinion? of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, in Cobbet's casd: ' ' . - ... i" Before the Constitution was adopted," says the , Chief Justice "the several States had absolute and unlimited sovereignty within their respective bounda- J riesj all the powers, legislative, executive and judi"r cial, excepting those granted to Congress under the old Constitution. They now enjoy them all, except ing such as are granted to the Government of the United States by the present instrument and tne adopted amendments, which are for particular pur poses only." ; v Now, where is the error of this decision 7 P. I am not prepared to say that it is error. - don't like the word Sovereignty, because it conveys no qiear idea to my mma ; out, that, wnatever nghta the States, as such, possessed before making the Con stitution, and which they did not then give up, re main in them yet, is not denied or doubted. V. I beg pardon. It is not only doubted, but very often denied ; and the newspaper writers seem gene rally, in your State at least, to take for granted, that the General Government is sovereign that to ques tion the extent of its power, is treason to hint that some share of authority or sovereignty is still reserved or vested in the States, is disunion and that passive obedience to the General Government, right or wrong is the bounde.n duty of every American ! ,Mr. Cal houn has said he approves and adopts the opinion of the Supreme Court of your State, as his political- creed ; you say the positions laid down by the Court are not error, and you yet condemn Mr. Calhoun as a nullifier and disorganizer. v P. I cannot condemn him for being in accordant a with our bupreme Court. iJut does he not go much turther i V. I am not sure that hergoes even so far. The Chief Justice adds to the sentence that I iust now read, this remarkable expression" the Constitution of the United States is a league, or treaty, made by the individual States, as one party, and all the States as the other party." Now, this is precisely the doc trine for which Mr. Calhoun has been so much cerri sured, namely: that "the Constitution is a compact, to which each State is a party" the doctrine which you think is the fountain ot all heresy. The Court went further, for they said that if one State differed from the rest about the meaning of any one clause! 1 .1 Ml . It. .. . . ' sentence, or wora in tne " league," qj - treaty," vide licit, the Constitution, there is no provision fn the Constitution that the decision ot the Judges of tho Su preme Court shall control and be decisive, nor can Congress, by a law, confer such power upon that Court. j P. How then did Chief Justice McKean surmoce such a question was to be determined ? V. He says there is a defect, in this- respect, arid each State must retain its own interpretation till the people adjust the affair, by making amendments in the constitutional way. P. What is the meaning of the State retaining its own interpretation 1 V. It means, surely, just what Mr. Calhoun dare, when he says the State may interpose its sovereignty to protect its citizens, until the appeal is made arid decided. But the difference is here: your Supreme Court, composed of Judges McKean, Shippen, Yeates, and Smith all federalists except the Chief Justice say. that this interposition may be constitutionally made whenever a difference of opinion arises as to the con struction of the Constitution in reference to the pow ers of the General Government. But eJVIr. Calhoun says it is only to be in the last resort, and in case of an unquestionable and proposed violation ofthe Con-; stitution. , Which is the greatest nullifier, your S up? erne Court or Mr. Calhoun ? ; . ' P. In that: view of it, the Court is worse than the Vice President. But the whole mistake arises from considering the Constitution as the work of the States, and not ofthe people at large. . . ' V In 1775, there was a meeting ol Commissioners from" the States;of New York, New Jersey, Pennsyl vania, Delaware, and Virginia, to "consider of the best means of remedying the defects of the' Federal Government." . . These Commissioners agreed -upon a Circular to thel Legislatures ofthe several States, recommending the appointment of Commissioners, to. meet at PhUade! phia, to devise such provisions as might render the Constitution adequate to the exigencies of th TTninr and to report such an act for the purpose to Congress to De agrceu iu uy vougress, ana conhrmed by the Legislatures of the several States. . The Congress and the State Legislatures were to do the whole: And this was the plan, as recom mended by a resolve in Congress, approving of the purpose of a Convention but without the least refe rence to the people, independent ofthe States in their corporate or sovereign capacity. I P. These historical details are ihterestingas ob jects of curiosity. But, after all, the Constitution; was agreed upon as tne wore orme peopj ana j declared to be It commences with the words fi Wej the people of the United States," &c - V. But it concludes with providing that the ratifi cations of the Conventions of nine States shall ;fce sufficient, &o. It was an affair of compromise entirelyi and that the State sovereignties were not merged in. this new scheme of Go vernment, appears from ajyersj considerations:
Newbern Sentinel (New Bern, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Oct. 12, 1831, edition 1
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