North Carolina Newspapers

14 Sl JKN: V P in . AND u - - iBWBEKi C Q.M'ME M C I A 1L , AMD MHTEHAKir IMTElLlLiaENClEK . LIBERTY. . . .THE CONSTITUTION. . . .UNION. PUBLISHED BY TII03IAS WATSON. f: Verms, ; i : irThree dollars per annum payable in advance. " jy0 paper will' be discontinued (but at the! dis cretion! of the Editor) until all arrearages have Been gllcmittances'by mail will be guarantied by the Editor. , ' c r Whoever will secure the payment of five ' , papers shall, have the sixth gratis. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, j October 12, 1831. (rrrtllP. llniwp of Representatives, bv areso IJ lutionof the4th of May, 183Q,directed Secretary of the Treasury to.cdlleet and cpmmu nicate to'the House, such information, and report his views'on the same, as, in his opinion, ma)jL be "jyeful and important to Congress, in enacting re gulations for the navigation of steamboats or steam vessels, with a view to guard against the dangers arising from the bursting of their boilers. Such measures were accordingly taken, as were thought best calculated to obtain the re quisite information. But, although some hig hly interesting and valuable communications have i i ..nninml iVtt npn.irttnpiit' -Via rnt iiic. (pededin collecting facts sufficient to enable it to fulfil the directions of the House. In consideration, therefore, of the difficulty i 'of-bbtaiuing the requisite information, by any I iniaiis within the power of the Department, and of the deep interest which the community, and morei especially those engaged iri steam! na vigation have in the subject, it is thought best to inake this public application to all who may be able, and are disposed to promote the bencvo ! lent object of the Resolution. i . . Accidents like those, which it is the desire of i the House to prevent, have, unfortunately, been so numerous, that many persons will have it in their power to state the causes and rumstances of such casualties; and these, cir- bol- ! lected from various parts of the Union, cannot j-fail to be highly useful. 4 J , ..With a view to assist in giving that lntorrna 1i. tioiv a precise and explicit; character, the follow iag queries were prepared:, . j It is not intended, nowever, to connne u to the points prese4itejliri them, or the form of ominumcatioii which they may seem to inai- rate On thcontrary, the Department wi lbe the hanpv to receive any information within scope of the resolution, ana communicate in .-uch manner as the writer may be pleased to rmnlov. - It is desirable that ifcotrimunications on this subiect should be -transmitted by the first of December, or.carly as may be tnereaiten LOUIS McLANE,. Secretary of the Treasury INTERROGATORIES; IN RELATION TO THE BURSTING OF STEAM BOILERS. : 1. Arc you acquainted rwitb the. nature and ijseof 'Steam "Engines? In what employment have vou beenlengaged ? Were vou present, nnd in what. capacity, at the bursting ofjany - teim boiler, or collapsing of a ? flue ; or have :. vou been made acquainted, by other means, : vithjhe facts in any such case? If so, in what case? : that case, was thewaterj in the boiler above the gauge5 cocks ? ; If not, at what height cqmpared with the lower gauge cock : - .5. It the boiler contained a nuc, wnat was -H the difference between the height of jits-upper :;iile and that of the lower gauge cock ? ; 4. What was the weight per square inch on the safety valve ? . Had the satetv valve ever been iounaTrus- tod or sticking in the aperture, or was it goat he time ? . .0. Had that part of the boiler above the water - cvtr been heated to a red heat, or approaching . thereto? ' ! , 7. Was therr any incrustation or sedirpe-nt found at the bottom of the boiler? If so, what v.as its7 thickness and composition ? 8. In what part was the boiler rent, and what vree the appearance and .extent, of the rentj? 0. If the bursting happened to ;the bolicr of , f steamboat, was the boat underway, or at rpst ? ? as the valve open ? If so, how long before theaccident? Was it opencdy the Engineer, or by pressure ? ',.t ; "Mi'; :10.; Was the piston going at its usual speed, or faster or slower ? 1 Tl. Had the firemen found any unusual diffi culty in keeping up the motion of the engine previously to the bursting of the boiler; and if o, how long before ? 12. Do the iron boilers used in the Western -waters generally accumulate a calcereous incrus tation at the bottom? If, so, have any or Mnat means been used, with success, to p vent it? ; ' i lO T"j l.l . 1 ..1 pre- u. is u oDservea tnat wnen tnere is a sedi- cnt or incrustation on the bottom of the bciiler, requires more fire than usual to raisd the 'team ; and how often is the sediment rempved, - ana b-what means ? i 11. Are any means used for preventin S in- gustation on the bottom of boilers ; and, if so,1 "Jiat effect has been observed ? I M . 1-x Have any means been employed to prove team boilers before they are used or afterwards what pressure has usually been applied to ftonofagiven thickncls? Are the proofs made v'hen the iron is cold' or hot? 16- Is there any instrument employed to as rtain.the temperature of the boiler above the Jvater, or of the steam in the upper part of the bilcr? If so, what is it? 17. What means are used to prevent the fire fami the fire place and flue from extendi ng to the boat? ; 18. Have you ever sceri steam boilers heated 1 J a red heat ori the upper side ? if so, is such a temperature regarded as a cause of exploding "le boiler ? . 1 19. Have any means been used in the con. Jtruction of boilers or fire places to prevent the f mating of the upper part of the boiler ? If soi v'nat are they ? - i- i i and at what distance was each from the boiler? At what distance from the boiler was 'the steam supposed to be hot enough to scald ? Was the current of steam from the rent in the- boiler in stantaneous, or did it continue for spine time, and how long ?j What number of persons were wounded by the parts of the boiler or machi nery, which wpre driven off by the explosion, and what position did each of these persons oc cupy in the boat ? 21. Have you ever observed the piston to move irregularly, for a few minutes, or for a few strokes, alternately faster or slower! than its usual speed, without perceiving any y change in the resistance to the paddles, or any! other ob- viou cause for such irregularity ; and, if sp, how was it accounted for ? I 22. To what immediate cause have you at tributed the bursting of the steam "boilers, which have come within your knowledge ? 23. Are there any other facts within your knowledge in relation to this subject, jwhich ap- pear to be important in the present If so, please to state them. enquiry VALUABLE PROPERTY FOR SALE. fJTHJL Subscriber having determiped to re , U move to the State of New York,Lthe ensu ing spring, offers for sale the lot No. 72, corner of Ann land Craven-streets in the j town of Beaufort. On this lot is a good two story dwel ling house, kitchen, and an office suitable for a Physician also, seven vacant lots in the .same square : j Lot No. 26, on Front-street, with a good two story dwelling house, kitchen, smoke house, &c. This situation is very pleasant and healthy, and would suit a planter in Craven! or Jones tcountiesi who wished to obtain a desirable and healthy residence for his family during the I sickly months. A small Warehouse 16 feet by 26, one and a half stories high, situated on Jeconias Pigott's lot,, corner of Front and Craven-streets. 19000 square feet of Salt Vats, situated on Gallane's Point, near Beaufort, with 4480 acres of good land. The Salt Works will imake on an average, 1000 bushels of salt per annum. This situation is as healthy as any oil the "sea board. '4 300 acres ofiland, situated on the; Clubfoot and Harlow's Creek Canal. 214 aeries of this is rich alluvial soil, and will bring !about ten barrels o corn to the acre. About 20 acres of this is cleared and under good fence 20 acres more have been partially cleared, and could be put in corn the ensuing spring. There are two houses on this land suitable for labourers. 450 acres of land on Petivieve's Ck-eqk, with an excellent Mill-seat. A good rice plantation could be made on this land with Very little expense-. I , ' j On the aforementioned real estaU, a credit of one, iwo, three and four years will be given, if requested, the purchasers giving bonds with approved security, bearing interest from the date, p ' - I Eight; valuable SLAVES, one of whomns a tolerably good Carpenter. The slaves will.be sold for Cash, j One good yoke of Oxen ; one Ox Cart ; one Horse Cart; one good saddle Horse; several Ploughs; and other farming utensils. I The above mentioned property, if not pre viously disposed of at private sale, will be sold at Public Auction, to the highest bidder, on the-first day of December County Court, being the third Monday, at the Court House in the Town of Beaufort. i I ! JAMES MANNEY. Beaufort, Oct. 17, 1831. td. j FOR SALE, j A New and handsome BAROUCHE. inquire at Mr. Hindes' Stables. ! Newbern, Oct. 19. I SUGAR COFFEE, AND LIME. if MdhfTh LBS- St Martin's Sugar, HPtDHyHV 4,500 lbs. St. Domingo Coffee, 25 Casks Stone Lime, for sale by I JOS. M. GRANADE fc Co. Sept. 15th, I83L Dunn's Corner. COTTON BAGGING, BALE ROPE, &c. tfiTK Pieces 42 inch Dundee itetnp Bagging, tjMJr 20 coils Bale Rope, 4 bales Spun Cot Ion 9501 bs assorted from No. 5 to 15 1 bale low priced 3-4 Brown isheptings, 1 nine very suoerior old Holland Gin, i I 1 hhd. first quality N O. Sugar, 6 bbls? and tit:rces V. 1. ditto, 8 casks good Cheese, 1 hhd first quality W. I. Bum, 4 bags Green Coffee, 2 boxes So .p, 29 bars English and Swedes Iron, assorted from 1 1-2 to 6 inches; wide. Received per schooner Francis Withers, from New York, and for sale by JOS. M. GRANADE &. Co. Nfwbern, Sept. 28. . - Dunn's Corner. , STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA, i Duplin County. Court bf Pleas and Quarter Sessions. j August Term, 1831. I . JMES KORNEGAY " ! VS. GEORGE O. KORNEGAY. Attachment. TTT appearing tothe satisfaction of the Court li that. George O. Kornegay, "the Defendant in this case, is) not an inhabitant of this State, it is ordered, that publication be made in the North Caro lina Sentinel, until the fourth Monday-of November next, for the said George O. Kornegay to appear at our next County Court, to. be held for the County of DuDlin. on the fourth Mnndnv nf November next. then and there to plead to- issue, or final judgment will be entered UD aofnnst liim. or the nronertv in 20. How man v nersons were scalded bv steam iiiLL aft. the hands of James Shines,, the Garnishee, be made U3The subscriber has on hand a few neat Phi subject to Plaintiff's demand. ! lnhia hnilt DEARBORNS. !lLUL JAMES PEARSALL, Clerk. f1swo 7 TMgi o VLOft. I CtCO xxucgiveaioriiiieiyyoungXNegroesot ootn sexes, irom one to 26 years of age. i JOHN GILDERSLEEVE. The His) Newbem. September 7, 1837 CHARLES SLOVER TTTTAS just returned from New York, and J-LJJ now openino; at his Store, East side oftb is Old County TFharf, A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF GOODS, CONSISTING OF ID)ry Goods, HARDWARE AND CROCKERY, A GENERAL ASSORTMENT OF Mens, Womens & Child reus Shoes, A nwng which are some superior Russet Brogane, Gentlemens fine drab and black HATS, do low price do. Mens &. Boys fur, leather, and cloth CAPS. Fashionable and common STOCKS, Leghorn, Dunstable & Navarino BONNETS A very line assortment of Single cind double barrel G UJVS, and pocket PISTOLS, 20 pieces Cotton Duck, 20 kegs low priced Tobacco, 15 do. superior Goshen Butter, 20 pieces Dundee Bagging, 4 tons Iron, assorted, 8 Cotton and Hemp Seine Twine. &c. fcc. All of which he will sell low. Newbern, Oct. 10, 1831. FOR SALE, 3Iy Farm, containing 500 acres,, situated on the north side of Trent River and the east side of Jinning's Creek, and distant from the Town of Newbern about 3 miles. It is bounded on the south by the river, on the west by the creek, on the north by Trent road, and on the east by the land of the lateWm. Dudley. There are clear ed, and enclosed within a good tence, about 400 acres. JL he soil is light, is ot easy cultivation, and is never flooded by rain. The cleared land will average two barrels of corn to the thousand hills, and produce good crops ofpease. The last crop of cotton averaged 550 pounds to the acre. The situation is healthy. Vessels load at tha river bank. There are on the premises a dwelling house, two kitchens, two barns, pantry, dairy, (jin-house and a Horse Mill, Jegro houses, &c: An Orchard of apple and peach trees: A Vineyard of 4 acres, the vines of which are mostly scaffolded and in a stale of bearing fruit, and will soon be capable of making 1000 gallons ot wine : A bricked well of good water. This is a desirable situation to a farmer who may wish to live in, or near to Newbem. Lots Nos. 19 & 20, with the Dwelling-house and other improvements thereon, in Drysborough, adjoin ing the Town ot IMewbern. Ihe lrammg and weatherboarding of the dwelling are of cyprese, and shew no decay. There is a pump of good water at the premises. T his property is subject to no town tax, ana ls iree irom tne aanger oi nre irom other buildings. Nine hundred acres of land in Brice's Creek poco- son. A Mr. 1 olson has a lew acres ot the adioinincr pocoson cleared arid ditched, which has yielded up wards of 10 barrels of corn to the acre. Six hundred and forty acres of land adjoining Bay river bridge, containing a valuable juniper swamp. Four hundred acres at the head of Little Swift Creek Thirty-five feet front of lot No. on Middle-street occupied by M. H. Lente. Five Lots in Washington, N. C. Indian Island, containing 150 acres, in Pamlico river. Four t housand acres of land of various qualities, in Beaufort county. . A Pianno, which has been but little used. A Sftare ill the Newbern Library Company. The above property, or any part thereof, will be sold very- low, for either cash or negroes, or if requi red, a credit will be given on a part of the amount of purchase of an v portion of it. GEORGE WILSON. September 7, 18311 M. STEVENSON, Senr. BEGS leave to correct an erroneous impression which hasbeen unfairly madeon the public mind. He takes this method of stating, that his Hearse is kept for the accommodation of every decent family who shall be so unfortunate as to require its use.. His per sonal attendance at Funerals is likewise offered to all persons of the same description and no pains shall be spared, on his part, to have the solemnities conducted with sobriety, decency and good order. It is hoped that the following reasonable charges will be satisfactory. Neatest Mahogany Coffin; for a grown per- son, with linings ind trimmings; (including an engraved SilveY Plate;) together with his y$3& personal attendance, and the use of his horse j and Bier, J Neatest stained Poplar or Pine Coffin, with " engraved Silver Plate, and a case in the bot- '$25 torn of the grave ; together with horse, Hearse j and attendance, J Plain, stained Poplar Coffin, lined with$10 Cambric, but without the Silver Plate, $ Plain, stained Coffin, with a neat pinked ) g Cambric border, but without lining, y Common Parish Coffins, ' 84 Children's Coffins & Funerals, in the above proportion; Newbern, Aug. 31, 1831. JOHN W. NELSON CABINET MAKER, MESPECTFULLY informs the Publick that he continues to manufacture every article in his line of business;. He is at all times provided with the best materials: and in return for the- liberal and in creasing patronage which he receives, he promises punctuality and hdelity. Hft mntinnPfitn make COFFINS and to superin tend FUNERALS; and that he may be enabled to conduct the solemnities of interment more becomingly and satisfactorily, he has constructed a superior HEARSE, for the use of which no additional charge will be made. JNewbern, June ist, 1001. DOMES TIC LOTTERY. ENTLEMEN who had Tickets in this Lottery VI TT for rh1p will nlease make returns pnor to the I 17th October, as the drawing wUl take place a few ' dnv nftprward. A VilVDiTTTsri frSE? asortmerrt of self-sharpening PENCILS, and Silver ' r. . TT?1VTi-TT C 1 V1 nt,v rvUow torrPthPT With almost ovonr artiVIo in the SADDLERY and WAKINKSS hne, he ot- fers very low, for cash. i 4 JOHN TEMPLETON 14th Sept. 1831. Linnaean Botanic Garden & Nurseriei FLUSHING, NEAR NEW YORK. TVTTriLLIAM PRINCE fc SONS, Proprie- V V tors, announce that the great extensions made in their Establishment, which now covers near 50 acres, completely filled with the choicest TREES, SHRTTRS nH PT.A1VTS. Anabtes them to offer the various kinds at the reduced prices stated in their new catalogues, which I will be sfint tn i . .. j.. .r f tnem.f The size and excellence of the Trees exceeds all former periods, and the most scrui pulous attention has been devoted to their accuracy, which is invariably an object of their personal attention To Nurseries they will allow a liberal discount and convenient credit. All letters desiring information, will be replied to by the first mail. As many persons are agents for different Nurseries, it is requested that orders intended for us be particularly spe cificd.- Every Invoice sent has a printed head ing and our signature, and such proof of origin must be insisted on, as we take upon ourselves no responsibility unless such an invoice can be produced. j Their Treatise on the Vine describes 280 kinds of Grapes and their culture. Theit Treatise on HORTICULTURE contains des criptions for cultivating them; and their POMOLOGICAL MANUAL, just published, contains full descriptions of above 600 Varieties of Pears, Plums, Peaches Cherriesr Apricots NectarineSi Almonds &c. besides other Fruits, so that all persons can make their selections, with a knowledge of the qualities. Apply to THOMAS WATSON, Agent, Newbern. Jl Great Bargain I ggL THE Subscriber will sell, upon a IliW j liberal credit, his PLANTATION on JlMLiTrent River, about nine miles from, Newbern. The tract contains 2500 acres, of which 1000 are cleared and under good fence; the residue is well timbered, and much of it as good arable land as any on the river. It has a front on the Trent of 4f miles, and vessels of the largest class, nai'igating our waters, can lay along the bank and receive cargoes. The back lands, are unequalled as ranges for stock, and the situation is as healthy as any in Jones county. The improvements consist of a good Dwelling House, Barn, Gin- House, and the necessary outhouses. Persons desirous of making profitable in vestments of capital, are invited to visit the premises, and for further information apply to ALFRED STANLY. October 5. 1831. FRESH FAMILY FLOUR, fcc. TT Half bbls. fresh ground Flour,, from VU new wheat, "fancv brand." Half bbl. Soda Crackers, Ditto ditto Butterdo, 10 bbls. Pilot Breadr 10 do. Navy do. 10 do. Apple Brandy 2 hhds. N. E. Rum, 2 do. Rye Whiskey, . 5 bbls. superior old Monongahela ditto, 2 do. Jamaica Rum, 1 bbl. best Winter Sperm Oil, 1 do. Train Oil;. Chewing Tobacco,, of various qualities, re ceived this day per schooner John, from Balti more, and for sale by JOSEPH M. GRANADE, & Co. Oct. 7. NOTICE. jrrpiHE firm of FRIOU & BOWDEN, was LI dissolved on the 5th instant, by mutual consent. All persons indebted to the late firm, are requested to settle the same with J.M. Fkioii. J. M. FRIOU. SAM. BOWDEN. ! Newbern, Oct. 12, 1631. TAILORING. ifWING to the pressure of the Umes, thjisubsen- H-K ber has determined to reduce his prices to the following ratesrviv:: For making fine Cloth Coats,. 64 50 3 50 , 2 50 I 00 0 75 1 00 0 75 0 40 0 20 0 20 it Common do. Homespun do. Fine Pantaloons, Common do. Fine Vestsr ' Common do. For Cutting Coats, " Pantaloons, " Vests, And in proportion for other work not specified. He respectfully solicits the patronage ot hie friends and the public, and assures those who may employ him that their work will be done faithfully, in the latest fashions, and with- all practicable dispatch. His shop is on Craven-Street, a few doors South of the Bank of Newbern. SPENCE P. WILLIS, Newbern, Sept. 28, 1831, PERIODICAL PUBLIC A HONS. rjTJHE publisher of the Saturday Evening JJL Post, Philadelphia, proposes to compile and publish in pamphlet form, a list of all the periodicals m the United States for 1831. He believes that such a work will, be valuabl for reference, and of much benefit to merchants ana others desirous of advertising, and he respect fully solicits the aid of the craft, in endeavoring to render it as complete as possible. He desire that one or more numbers ch publication in the Union may be for warded to him, as soon as possible at least two numbers should be sent, by different mails, to avoid failure from miscarriages. To those who com ply with this request, a. copy of the. work will be forwarded on its completion. Tbp design of the publisher is not to realize profit, but to afford the public a work which Unot but be of general advantage. The price will, therefore, be as low as the expenses of the j undertaking will admit. Nov, 1831. MRS. CliETHERALL'S seminary for youxo Ladies, will commence on Tuesday the first of November, at the house lately occupied by John Harris, Esq. adjoining the residence of Mr. BuR gwyn, on East Front-Street; TERMS: PerQnarter. grdr including Washing, 830' Antnmetic, Ueoffranhv nnA A . I . . W1U1 .netoric, composition , i History, General Science, Epistolary V 6 . Wnting, and Fancy Work, &c. i French, Drawing, Dancing, and Music, will be separate charges, the latter to commence first Ctuar- ter of next year. , The first Quarter to be paid in advance. I Boarders are required to bring their beddiitgy : towels, &c. . ! No Pupils received for less than one Quarter. Oct. 26, 1831.dt. ' . A CARD. MISS ELIZABETH WILKINS Mespectfully informs the inhabitants ofNewbern j and its vicinity, that she has opened a j Seminary for Young Ladies, . IN THE BUILDING LATELY OCCUPIED BY MISS LYMAX. I TERMS: Per quarter. Spelling Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, ) Geography, with the use of the Globes, $4 00 Map Drawing, and English Grammar, ffistory. Composition, Philosophy, Astrono my, Rhetorie, and Needle work, j"5 00 Parents and Guardians who may think proper to patronise this Seminary, are assured that the strictest attention will be paid, as well to the manners. and habits of the pupils, as to the cultivation of their minds. Newbern, November 1st, 1831. ELIZA H. VIPON informs her friends and the public that she has opened a SCHOOL la thb house formerly occupied by Mrs. Vipbn. . TERMS r For Spelling, Reading and Writing, 1 per quarter, $2 50. For Spelling, Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Geo graphy, and plain Sewing, $ 3 00. For the above branches, together with English Grammar, History, and Ornamental . Needle Work, $ 4 00 per quarter. Four or five children from the country, will betaken as boarders. Newbern, 1st November y 1831. FOR SALE, ANEW VAULT in the burying Ground, in which there have been no in terments. It is in complete order and may be had on very reasonable terms. Enquire at the Office of the Sentinel, Ocf.T2. DOMESTIC LOTTERY.4 AS a considerable number of Tickets remains unsold, the drawing of the above Lottery must necessarily be deferred fora few weeks. -18fA Oct. NEWBERN AND RALEIGH STAGES FTTCHE Subscriber is in daily expectation of Li receiving instructions from the Post Office Department for running Four Horse Stages on the line between Newbern and Raleigh. If, however, instructions to that effect should not be received by the 1 4th of November, he wilk (for the better accommodation of passengers, on that day commence running Four Horse Post Coaches on "this line, three times a week, to be continued during the Winter, or until a semi-weekly mail be established. The public are assured that every exertion, will be used to render this line worthy their patronage. First rate Horses, and commodious Coaches calculated for six or eight passengers, are already provided, and will commence run ning, as above stated, on the 14th of November. MERITT DILLIARD. Oct26, 1831. NEWBERN AND RALEIGH STAGES. Stage Office at the Washington Hotei NEWBERN. Having appointed Mr. Francis Alexander my Agent, Passen gers from Newbern will please call or him Ibr thc purpose of entering their names and paying their stage fare. Extra baggage must be lefr i at the Stage Office and paid for in advance. M. DILLIARD. Oct. 26, 163fe - : ' DE LA MONTERAT S COLUMBIAN VEGETABLE SPECIFIC. For lthc Cure of Consumptions, Asthma, Spitting of BloodYand Pulmonary Affections of every kind. The most valuable remedy j ever yet discovered for the cure of Consump- j tions and all diseases of the breast and lungs ; leading to consumptions. To all afflicted with those troublesome affections, an immediate use j of this highly celebrated spt"14' umjr neces-i sary to convince the most incredulous of its possessing qualities superior to any other-cie-dical preparation yet discovered. This speci. fic is obtained by extraction from herbsy roots plants, fcc; in combination of those most val uable herbs it becomes a balsam of superior value to the human family. It heals the injur--ed parts, opens the pores, and compases the disturbed nerves ; and wHfle it cleanses and heals it also gives strength to the tender lunas. im. proves digestion, repairs the appetite, and iml proves the spirits. This specific is always given in safety it is mild and pleasant to the taste, and may be safely given to women whatever condition, the most delicate-circuin-stances not excepted. A; great many well au thenticated cirtificates could be obtained -thn prorietor is opposed to any thing like pufl nd prefers to risk it on its own merits alone. The public will please be cautious of aS sDurion . ucie : none are genuine wunouv tne sirynatiiT! of the proprietor alone, which will accomDantr vavu uui v muclhvu. nce OTIC uOUQ,7 For sale by m WILLIAI SANDERS. i, !- I