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r Ugh K7mm mmmm mm mi LIBERTY. ...THE CONSTITUTION.... UNION; NEWBEM, FRIDAY, JUNE: 1 1832. SO, 780. publwheu BY THOMAS WATSON. Jhr Per -nam-Wn fiance. v wt JI he discontinued ut No paper w.U c j ..I -p haw. hM cretioa , ofthe li iitor; uni au.. Pt-PRcmittancca by .mail the Editor. will be guarantied by ' NATURALIST'S EXCURSION IN ; fLUKlUA. I The entertaining letter annexed is from Mr. Audubon to the editor of the American Month- f..i- nrTsnlMrv. nuhlished at Philadel- phn7n,r East Florida, Dec.ZU 1B31. My Dear F. I have just returned from an expedition down the Halifax river, about . w pifn from tWi place, and 80 south ofH Au custinc. I feel confident, that an account ol it will be interesting to you; and I therefore set ii Mr. J. J. Bulow, a rich planter, at whose house myself and party have been a whole veek, under the most hospitable and welcome treatment that could possibly be expected, pro posed, three days since, that w should pro ceed down the river, in search of new or valu able birds ; and accordingly, the boat, six hanas, and "three white men," with some provisions, put off, with a fair wind and a pure sky. I say a pure sky, because not a cloud interrupted the rich blue of the heavens in this gcneraUy favored latitude. We meandered down a creek for about eleven miles the water nearly tor pid vet clear the shore lined with thousands of a'-res covered by fall grapes, marshes, and high pah" treC8? rendering the shore quite no vel to my anxious eye. Some birds were shot, and secured so as to be brought back in order to undergo the skinning operation. Before long we entered the Halifax river, an inland artji of the sea, measuring in breadth from a quarter !o nearly a mile. The breeze was keen from the north east, and our light bark leapetLoyer the wares gaily onward, toward the.spot whicfi we all anxfous'ly anticipated to reach ere night came on; We did so, passing several planta tions on the western bank, arid at last reached a schooner from New York, anchored at what is here called a live oak landing. Kindly re ceived by the master and his men, we spent u nicrlit verv agreeably, ana -as comionaojy as tUlU'iiuw-'- 1 n rcimictsnpp wou a neriiui. ii suu.isi. the next morning, l and four; nejrro servants proceeded in search of birds and adventures. Tht fact is, that I was anxious to Kill some .. . 1 Ml . . Ppliranus fuSCUS) to enable 111 UAH X lyilVUU . . . - ' now drawing of an adult i!ale rae Vj make a bird, and to preserve the dresses of the otherij. I proceeded along a narrow shallow bay, where the fish were truly abundant. Would you believe it, if I was to say, that the fish, jioarly obstructed our head way? believeit, or not, so it was; the water was filled vith Ihem, large and small I shot some rare bird?, and putting along the shore, passed a point, whcnloi 1 came in. sight of several hundred pelicans perched on the branches of mangrove trees, seated in comfortable harmony, as near each other as the strength of the bough would .allow. I ordered to back 'water gently: the hands backed water. I waded to the shore un der the cover of the rushes along it, eaw the pelicans fast asleep, examined their countenance and dcDortment well and leisurely, and after all, levelled, tired my piece, and dropped two of tht finest specimens I ever saw. 1 really oe lieve i would have shotahundred of these rcver--end sirs, had not a mistake taken place in the reloading of my gun. A mistake, however, did take place, and to my utmost disappoint ment, 1 saw each pelican, old and young, leave his perch and take to wing: soaring off, well pleased, I dare say, at making so good an es cape from so dangerous a foe. The birds were all gone, and soaring high in me pure atmosphere ; but the fish were as abun dant as ever. I ordered the net to be thrown overboard, and in a few minutes, wc caught as many as -we wanted fine fish too, bass and .row mullets. The porpoises were as busy as ourselves, and devoured them at a great rate The tide now began to leave us; and you ffiust know that in this part of our country, the tide goes afown nota-pace, but in a hurry, so uCu bo, indeed, that notwithstanding our Towing before it, we were on several occasions, obliged to leap into the briny stream, and puih the boat over oyster banks as sharp as razors. After shooting gome more birds, and pulling our boat through many a difficult channel, we reached the schooner again; and as the birds generally speaking, appeared wild and fewj- (you must be aware that I call birds few when 1 shoot less than one hundred per day) my generous host proposed to return towards home again. Preparations were accordingly made, and we left the schooner, with tide and wind in our teeth, and with the prospect of a very cold night. Our hands pulled well, and our barque was as light as our hearts. All went Qn. merrily until dark night came on. The wind freshening, the cold augmenting, the pro visions diminishing, the watersilowering, all depreciating except our enterprising disposi tions. We found ourselves fast in the mud about 300 yards from a marshy shore, without the least hope of being able to raise a fire, for no trees except palm trees wee near, and the srand diable himself could not burn one! of them. Our mindf were soon made up to do what? Why, to roll ourselves in our cloaks, and to lay down, the best way we could, at the bottom of our light and beautnul oarque. hat ... . !L1 - 1 . 1 1 I a night! to sleep was impossible; the cold in creased with the breexe, and every moment seemed an hour, from the time we stretched ourselves down until the first glimpse of jthe morn: but the morn came clear as ever morn as, and the north-easter as cold as ever Wind blew in this latitude. All hands half dead, and rpasters as nearly exhausted as the hands stif fened with cold, light clothed, and burslight hope of ncaring any shore ; our only reaoit vras, to leap into the mir, waist deep, and to push j the barque to a point, some 5 or bUU yaros, where- a few scrubby trees seemed to have grown, to save our lives on this occasion. "Push boys, push! Push for your lives!" cry the generous Bulow, and the poor Audubon "All hands push!" Aye, and well might we push: the mire was up to our breasts, our limbs becoming stiffened and almost useless at every step we took. Our progress was slowly per formed as if we had been clogged with heavy chains. It took us two and a half hours to reach the point, where the few trees of which I have tpoken were: but we did get there. We landed!! and well it was that we did; for on reaching the margin of the marsh, two of the negroes fell down in the mud, as sense less as torpidity ever rendered an alligator, or a snake; and had we, the white men, not been there, they certainly would have died. We had them carried into the little grove, to which I believe all of us owe our lives. I struck a fire in a crack; and in live minutes I saw with indiscribable pleasure, the bright warming blaze of a log pile in the centre of our shivering part). We wrapped the negroes in their blan kets boiled some w ater and soon had some tea made them4 swallow it, and with care revi ved them into animation. May God preserve you from being ever in the condition of our par ty at this juncture ; scarcely a man able to stand, and the cedd wind blowing as keenly as ever. Our rnen, however, gradually revived the trees one after another, fell under the hatchet and increased our fire and in two hours I had the pleasure to see cheerful faces again. We all got warm again and tolerably gay, although the prospect was far from being pleasant ; no road to go home, or to any habitation; confined in a large salt marsh with rushes head high, and miry; no provisions left, and fifteen miles from the house of our host. Not a moment was to be lost: for I foresaw that the next night would prove much colder still. The boat was manned once more, and off through the mud we moved to double the point and enter the creek, of which I have spoken, with a hope that in it wc should find water enough to float her. It did happen so, and as we once more saw our barque afloat, our spirits rose ana rose to such a pitch, that we n fun set fire to the wide marsh : crack! crack! went the reeds with a rapid blaze. We saw M he marsh rabbits, &c, scampering from the fire by thousands, as we pulled our oars. Our pleasure at being afloat did not.last long. The north easter had well nigh emptied the rrrk of all its usual quantum of water ; and to i ii waue an ; pusn our ooat over many a snanow was again our resort, with intent to make a indinr. from whence we could train the sea beach. We did efi'ect a landing at last. The boat was abandoned, the game fastened to the backs of the negroes the guns reloaded and on we proceeded through the marsh first, then through the tangled palmitoes and scrubby sturdv, live oaks, we reached the sea beach. The sea beach of East Florida have you ever seen it? If you have not, I advise you strongly never to pay a visit to it, under the circumstances that brought me and my comt panions to it on yesterday morning. We saw the ocean spread broad before our eyes, but it looked angry and roughly, strewed with high agitated waves that came in quick succession towards the desolate naked shore; not an ob ject in view but the pure sky and the agitated waters. W e took up our line of march in a poor plight believe me. The Poles, on laying down their amis, could not have felt more done up than we did at this moment. Pretty walking along thesea side beach of Honda in the month of December ! with the wind at north east and we going in its very teeth, through sand, that sent our feet back six inches at every step of two feet that we made. ell, through this we all waded for many a long mile, picking up here and there a shell that is no where else to be found until we reached the landing place of J. J. nuiow. mow my heart cheered up once more ; for the sake of my kind host troubled with rheumatic pains as he is. I assure you, I was glad to see him nearing his own comforta ble roof; and as we saw the large house open ing to view, across his immense plantation, I anticipated a good dinner with as much pica sure as I ever experienced. All hands returned alive; refresh rnen t and good care have made us all well again, unless it be the stiffness occasioned in my left lejr, by nearly six weeks of daily wading through swamps and salt marshes, or scrambling thro the vilest thickets of scrubby live oaks and pal mitoes, that appear to have been created for.no purpose but to punish us for our sins; thickets that can only be matched in the cantos of your favorite Dante. To give you an account of the little I have seen of East Florida, would fill a volume, and therefore I will not attempt it just now; but will draw a, slight sketch of a part of it. mi i -i r i l 11 1 ine land, ll lana u can oe caneu, is general ly so very sandy that nothing can be raised up on it. The swamps are the only spots that afford a fair chance for cultivation : the swamps, then, are positively the only places where plan tations are to be found. These plantations are even few in number : along the coast from St. Augustine to Cape Carnaveral, there are about a dozen. These, with the exception of two or three, are yet young plantations. Gen. Her nandez's, J, J.'Bulow's and Mr. Durham's are the strongest, and perhaps the best. Sugar cane will prosper, and doubtless do well : but the labour necessary to produce a good crop is great ! great ! ! great ! ! ! Between the swamps of which I now speak, and which are found along the margin lying west of the sea inlet, that divides the main land from the Atlantic, to the river St. John of the intM-im- nf iho nin- sula, nothing exists but barren pine lands of inuucr, ana immense savannas, mostly overflowed, and all unfit for cultivation. That growth which in any other countrv is called underwood, scarcely exists ; the land being co- vered with low palmitoes, or very low, thickly branched dwarf oaks, almost impenetrable to mi i . f . i man. i ne cnmaie is oi tne most unsettled na ture, al least at this season. The thermometer has made leaps from 0 to 89 degrees in 24 hours ; cold, warm, sandy, muddy, watery all these varieties may be felt and seen in one day's travelling. i I am extremely disappointed in Jhis portion of the Floridas, and would not advise any one to visit it ; because he may have read the llowe ry accounts of preceding travellers. The climate is much more unsteady than in Louisi ana, in the same latitude ; or any where along the Mexican gulph to the Sabine river, which is our boundary line. Game and fish, it is true, are abundant, but the body of valuable tillable land is too small to enable the peninsula ever to become a rich state. i I have Seen nothing deserving your attention in a geological point of view, except quarries of stones which are a concrete of shells, excel lent for building, and laying immediately un der the surface of the sand, which every where seems to predominate. This concrete is curi ous in itself, and my friend, Bulow, who is now erecting some very extensive buildings for a sugarhouse has given me specimens, which I will foward to you, showing the diffe rent grades or ages of their formation. The fragments are cut out of the quarries with the common wood axe, and fashioned with the same instrument for building. You, of course, wilLreadily make out that the water found in the wighborhood of all concretes, is hard or calcareous, being filtered through a kind of na tural shell lime. I have done but little, I am sorry to say, in my way. Birds are certainly not abundant here at this season ; and I can readily account for this deficiency in the land birds : it is for the want of mast mast, so abundant, in almost every portion of our country. But the water birds, notwithstanding all the fisheries in every river, creek, or even puddle, that I have seen, are scarce belief! It is true, a man may see hundreds of pelicans, and thousandsof her sons; but take these from the list, and water birds will be found very rare. I will see what spring will do, and write more fully on this ever devoted subject. j If I did not believe the day to be gone by, when it was necessary to defend my snake stories, I could send very serious accounts of the habits of those reptiles ; and I should do it, if it were not that I might be thought to enjoy too much that triumph which the feeble hos- lity of three or four selfish individuals has orced upon me. I receive so many acts of real friendship and disinterested kindness, that thank Gou, there is no room left in my heart o cherish unkind feelings towards any one. ndf ed, I am not now so much surprised at the incredulity of persons who do not leave cities. or I occasionally hear of things which even stagger me, who am so often a denezin of woods and swamps. What do you think of rattle snakes taking to the water, and swimming across inlets and rivers? I have not seen this. but I believe it; since the most respectable individuals assure me they have frequently been eye-witness of this fact. I can conceive of inducements which reptiles may have for traversing sheets of water to gam distant dry land, especially in a country which intersected by streams, and subject to inundations, which compel them to be often in the water. In such countries, it is not a common occurrence to find snakes afloat, and at great distances from the shore This appears, no doubt, surprising to those who live where there is almost nothing but dry land ; still they ought to be good na turcd and believe what others have seen. It has now been made notorious, that numerous. respectable individuals whom duty, or the love ot adventure, have led into the wilds oi our country, have often seen snakes and the rat tlesnake too in trees; the good people, there fore, who pass their lives in stores and counting houses, ought not to contradict these facts, because they do not meet with rattle sankes, hissing &. snapping at them from the pa per mulberries, as they go home to their dinners They should remember that they ought to go further than that daily distance, if they wish to see any thing extraordinary. And now, my dear F., adieu. In my next I hope to give vou some account of the St T 1 and cf the interior f the penin sula of East Florida, to the exploring of which I mean to devote some time. Very faithfully yours, JOHN JAMES AUDUBON. Snakes have freequently been met with in Eng land, crossing broad Straits. In the Magazine of Natural History, lor September, 1831, is an account by Mr. Bake well, of snakes swimming across the Menai, more than two miles broad, to the Isle of An glesea. When swimming, they produce an oscillato ry motion of the head and neck. Ed. From the New York Standard. THE "TORPEDO" REPORT. We pointed out yesterday the character of Mr. McDuffie's Report, as a mere statement of opinions previously expressed, and an ex parte argument upon the facts reported by the ma- jority of the committee. It is not proper y a J J r t J the committee. report, but an intended refutation of that made by the committee. 1 he friends of the bank trumpet its powers with their finest flourishes; the Intelligencer considers it a torpedo that will blow its predecessor out of its "element," and the Courier and Enquirer says that it " has . . i completely nullified Mr. Clayton's Report. The a olher "slaves of the lamp" have not vet made their most sweet voices audible upon the abuse of the noble animal and intellectual na subject, but of course they will follow their ture which God has given to the human species, leaders. Well, .gentlemen, speak after what The English Chronicle contains an abstract of flourish your natures will,but we shall take leave an authentic account of the number of children to contradict you when you are wronir. Sn. t the threshold, we deny that the first report has been either " nullified" or blown up." In the matter of the Courier and Enquirer bn Mr. Mc Duffie disproved, explained away, or even denieda single fact stated in the-Report? Has j he done any thing more than simply declare that those facts do not in his opinion stain the uprightness of the directors! and is not that opinion directly the converse of the opinion entertained by every impartial man of every party in the country! Is Mr. McDuffie's judgment so transcendant and infallible, that all vmcr menmust surrender tneir convictions anu , auupi nis I Hislnends and fellow-laborers did consider it, or they would not have attemp- u,u ny an artinee to prop and fortify his opin ion With that of f - AA, HT. A JnAcAt i nuauiBi jiii J. Mito mjv coincide with Mr. McDuffie, but makes a report for himself. The Intelligencer calls it "the counter report of the minority," which minori ty, itjsays, "is constituted by Mr. McDuffie, Mr. Adams, and Mr. Watmough."! But it is uoi so, anu mr. iticliuihe's Keport must depend for authority upon himself alone. The case of the Courier and Enquirer which is to be blanched by his verdict, was stated from the testimonv of the President of the bank, and that testimony must De controverted and the tacts disproved, before the bank and the Courier are acquitted. If the friends of the institution desire to affix a ' torpedo' to the Report of the Committee, that shall "blow it up," and "nullify" it in reality, wc will tell them how to prepare one; though in doing so wTe must republish part of anarticle that was copied into our paper yesterday. The public will hold the bank exonerated ol the charge of subsidizing the press, when it is proved, or even asserted by Mr. McDuffie, Mr. Adams and Mr. Watmough: 1. That the President of the Bank and the Exchange Committee did not loan the large sum ot hi teen thousand dollars, without the knowledge of the board of directors knowing at the same time that the money was for the mf purchase of a paper before hostile to the Bank. . That they did not loan this money with out any fixed time of payment, and before they had got the notes for it: and that jthe notes were afterwards sent on, with five years to run. I hat this mode of doing business is not total y different from that pursued by the Bank, when it has no object in view but to lend mo- nev advantaeeouslv. - U ml 4. That when Webb and Noah afterwards applied for 820,000, the exchange committee did not omit to inform the directors that the Bank had already $15,000 of the same paper. o. 1 hat a further loan of 15,000! was not granted by the exchange committee, without the knowledge ot the board of directors, just' after the meeting of Congress, when; the Bank had determined to ask a renewal of its charter, and when it might be supposed important to keep the conductors of a paper of extensive circulation in good humor. b. I hat the creait of the individuals to whom these enormous loajis of more than 850,000 were made, was not such that they! could not buy their printing paper without an j endorser, and that they could not get discounts on the Branch of the U. S. Bank at New-York even with the endorsement of Mr. Stewart, the father-in-law of Mr. Webb. 7. That in discounting Webband Noah's note upon the letter ofrecommendation of Mr. Stew art, instead of asking Mr. Stewart to show his faith by putting; his name on the note, they did not do a thing which is not customary toward other applicants. 8. That in taking the testimony of journey men, as the foundation for discounts to their employers, the Bank did not do a thing very unusual. ! 9. That Webb, Noah, Burrows, and the Bank directors, did not act the part ol a Iman who takes to his heels at the sight of a constable, when they made arrangements for taking up the notes before they were due, upon: ascertain ing that Congress was disposed to enquire into the affair. j 10. That Webb did not get the money to take up these notes from Burrows, and that Bur rows did not get it from the Bank. 1 1 . That both Webb and Noah had not writ ten or published violent attacks on the Bank, before they got on the first $15,000 loan from Burrows. 12. That it was not undef&tood, when Bur rows agreed to loan the money, that the Courier and Enquirer was to change its course from opposition, to support of the Bank, j 13. That the same thing was not understood when Mr. Biddle gave Mr. Burrows the money. 14. That the paper did not actually chssgc its course, at the moment that its editors touch ed the 4 rhino.9 15. That about the time of the application of Webb and Noah for their largest jloan, they did not publish that their paper was " estab lished beyond the remote contingency of any kind of aid or opposition from Banks." 16. That Burrows was not concealed in Philadelphia during the sittings of the Bank Committee, to avoid the service of a eubpeena to attend before it. 17. That Burrows did not, about the same time of the loan to the New York Enquirer, offer to two other Jackson papers of New York, a pecuniary compensution, if they would publish articles favorable to the Bank. 18. That the Bank Directors are not well pleased with the service of Burrows, and have I V . 7' r iT- 6 iuu.ucij. a, i nhnnt (ho tuna r f his sa. k.. J . . iL " ; r' "8 fC,UBCU "IC U. S. Branch Bank at New York. Front the N. Y. Evening Post. Disclosures of the most painful nature have been made bv tb innnirip lately made in Eng ; land as to what i railed the " Factory Sys- tem " Thi i vstm nf the most horrible in uror.t manufactory, which it consider J as a fair representation of the whole. In the factory in question, 475 children are employed ; nf whom 235 are between the ages of nine and tvrgive; W9 between twelve and fifteen ; andf?0 between fifteen anelgbteen. They arc soirer. intended by fiiteen men, and arc compelled to come to their daily drudgery etery month i'n the year at six o'clock in the morning, and V remain in the factory until 6even in the evening ;. and sometimes until eight or nine making al- ways fourteen, and snmAlimra 4ftfn.hnifT-6f wit everv dv t mui an nocr for meals, rest cr recre atjom i ie consequences of this ex( meni ana ton, are, whet might be expec1ed- The growth of the boy is checked ; the children become sickly; and their limbs times horribly distorted. Theie little slam of the factory often fall asleep from weariness while standing at their work ; and the overlook er, towards the latter part of the day, frequent ly finds it necessary to shake them by the shoul ders to keep them awake. In the state of lis) ; lessness produced by excessive fatigue, fh are kept in immediate contact with varroiis kinds of dangerous machinery, with cogwheels nd "devils" as they tire called. Their fingers! and hands get involved in the machinery, tbey are often frightfully mangled, and then thev are sent to the hospital. At a mf eting held a t Leeds on the 5th of Feb. Dr. Smith, a surgeon of the Infirmary in that town, dwelt at much length on the baneful effect produced in those establishments, on thehealth and limba oTchUi dren. He said, " I have seen limbs which have been beautifully formed, in a short time fou the operation of these causes, reduced to the lowest state of deformity and individuals wht: but for these causes would have been model's of beauty and manhood, doomed to remain through life deformed dwarfs. It is now aboifr twelve years ago since my attention was first djrected to this subject, in consequence of see ing an unusual number of cases of deformity of the lower extremities sent from a neighboring manufacturing town ; the surprise however, at this circumstance ceased, wheriit was ascertain ed that at that period the children were worked much longer hours in the factories of tbattow.n than in this. The expenditure of the Infirma ry for steel machines to prop up and support bent bones from those causes, soon after this period, became an item of such importance in the yearly expenses of the institution that Ui' weekly board very properly thought, it their duty to pass a resolution, taking from the sur geons the power of ordering machines costing beyond a certain sum, without first obtaining the consent of the board, and we have now fre quently to compound the matter by getting the parish, from which the poor patient corner, to pay one half of the expense und the Infirmary, the other." ! The value of the Union. There U lorceaud beauty in the following sontences in the Speech of Mr. Tyler, of Va. onthesubject of Mr. Clay's 1 resolution on the duties on imports: "I have been reared in a reverential aJTectidn for the Union. My imagination has led me tp look into the distant future, and there to coiiiem -plate the greatness of free America. " I have beheld her walking on the waves ; the mighty deep, carrying along with he ti- dings of great joy to distant nations I hav seen her overturning the strong places cf desr potism, and restoring to man his lotig-toVr rights. Wo, wo, betide that man who shall sow the seeds of disunion among tis? BeJT01 for him had he never been bom. If he Call upon the mountains to hide him nay, ithe bury himself in the very centre of the earlT-. the indignation of mankind will (ihi hini girt. and blast him with its lightnings." Method of ascertaining tit Purity of W&tir. The purity of pater is indicated by its specific gravity. By a late act of parliament it is de fined that a cubic ineh of water purified by djsr tillation weighs, at the temperature of 62deg., barometer 30 inches, exactly, 252,4j8 grains: An imperial pint of perfectly pure water weighs precisely 20 avouirdupoisc ounces at 62 de. Any water heavier than this may be less pure. That the lightest water is the best is an old anu true principle. Pliny says that some judge oi: the wholesomeness of waters by contrasting their weights. Celsps alludes to tearrre practice, "nam levia pondere epparef." Hip pocrates thought that the best water is Qiat which heats and cools in the shortest timo ; onoV his echo and expositor, Celsus, affirms the Earne thing. Hoffman informs us that rivers of a rcpid current, or vrhrch ft do . in'tTnC&u) kfford a purer water than those that ar m&rp slow; and hence, he 6ays, that ships cafcairig but of the river Maine into the Rhine dranp rnore water, and 6ink deeper in the latter, be cause the waters of the Rhine fall frotn tJte highest mountains of the Grisonsr cvunryv A correspondent has furnished us with 1 following instance of juvenile depravity and Singular revenge : A lad about twelve years tf' age residing in Green street, near Front, gavx? his -mother occasion, yesterday afternoon, ti scold him pretty severely; for which, in order ko revenge himself upon her, he took a younger, brother, about eight years of age, in the duslf :of th.9 evening, down to the wharf, actually pushed him in the Delaware, and drowned hiafl He then ran home, and told his mother what he had done. The corpse was shortly (ishefl up, but the vital spark had fled for ever. Being? questioned as to what induced him to dron his brother, he replied that he did not intend tjp drown him, but only to posh Him in and Oien pull him out again, to spite his mother. Bui after he had done it, and his brother had cumcu for the first time, he found it was ott of U feach, the little victim went down againf rrnd igain rose to the surface, but still beyond his Teach. He then stood watching him tiHl?' had sunk the last time, when, upon his nan-afir pearance, he ran home. ' J j Since the above was in type, rumour ssv iheboy was not drowned, but rescued by stran gers and kept till this morning, when he w restored to his almost frantic nwjhcjr. 1 " -, i
Newbern Sentinel (New Bern, N.C.)
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June 1, 1832, edition 1
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