f
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.
FRANCE.
On the 5ih the Chamber resumed the
discussion on the paragraph relative to
Algeria. Marshal Bngeaud said, that
the submission of Abdel-Kader was a
new guarantee in favor of the African
possessions of France, but he was of O"
pinion that ihe army should be reduced
as little as posible in presence of a warlike
population of 4,000,000 souls, who
could, in six weeks, turn into the field
400,000 combatants. M. Guizot, hav
ing been asked what the Government
intended to do with the Emir, replied :
" i he promise made him shall be ful
filled. "Ve cannot, however, allow him
to proceed to St. Jean d'Acre, because
that fortress belongs to the Porte, which
has not yet recognized our African pos
sessions. If Abd-el-Kader wishes to be
conducted to the East, he shall be con.
ducted to Alexandria. There, if the
Viceroy consents to receive him, we will
find guarantees and securities, which St.
Jean d,Acre does not offer."
ITALY.
The devolution in Naples and Sicily
appears to be entirely successful. In
Napleg the King long resisted the de
mands of the people. When he learned
their unanimity, and determination he
Ordered Roberti, the commander of St.
Elmo, to bombard the city. The reply of
the commander showed more firmness
and good sense and feeling than might
have been expected from the court.
"He could not," he said, "massacre the
people and destroy the city." lie ac.
fcordingly resigneJ. Stalello, the Gov
ernor of Naples was next requestedj and
refused to fire on the people. The
rage of the King is said to have exceeded
all bounds. With clenched fists and
eyes sparkling with rage he drote his
Ministers to the door, vociferating, "You
nre all traitors. 1 dismiss you all."
Conferences look place on the 25th
between the leaders of the moderate
reform party and the popular Chiefs,
when it was agreed that all proceeding
should be suspended until the result of
certain petitions wh'th had been presen
ed to the Kin should ha bnm. It
soon however became apparent that the
movement of the people could not be
controlled even by their own chiefs.
In the afternoon of the 26th the people,
in number Jpwardsof 30,000; collected
in the Via Voledo, the great main street
of Naples. Shouts in favor of the Con
stitution were every where heard to re
sound. Meanwhile the numbers aug
mented, and all the streets leading to the
Via Voledo presented dense masse?;
Such was the state of things on the
evening of the 26th. The King still
hesitated, reluctant to give up the last
hope of suppressing the revolt by the
wrmed force; lie was; however, brought
to a sense of his situation by the report
bf the commander of the troops them
selves. A cabinet was immediately
formed, and ihe royal decree constituting
it published in Naples the next morning,
the 27th. Two days later; on the 29ih,
a royal ordonnance was published, de
creeing a national Constitution for the
kingdom of the Two Sicilies, to be foun
ded on the same principles as the French
Charter of 1830, including the two
chambers, the royal inviolability, the
responsibility df Mtiustets; liberty of the
press, and the National Guard. Reli
gions toleration alone is withheld. No
religion; 6ave the Catholic, is to be per
milted. The following is the text of the
condition! agreed upon :
The Legislative power shall be exer
fc'ued by us and the two Chambers,
namely: a Chamber of Peeri and a
Chamber of Deputies. The members
"f the first Chamber shall he nominated
by us; the Deputies shall be nominated
hy electors on the basis of a property
qualification which shall be fixed. '
The only dominating religion of the
Stale shall be the Roman Catholic and
Apostolic irligion, and no other form of
Worship shall be toleratedi
The person of ihe King shall always be
sacred, inviolable, and not subject to re
uporifibility.
The Ministers shall always be respon
sible for all the acts of the Government.
'the land and sea services shall al
ways bo dependent on the King.
The national guard shall be organized
in all the kingdom, on a uniform mode,
similar to that of the Capital
The press shall be free, and only sub
ject to a repressive law for all that ma
offend religion, morality, public order,
the King, the royal family, foreign sot,
ereigns and their families, as well as the
honor and Interests of private individals.
When the Constitution was proclaim
ed, there were two days' fetes at Naples,
during which King, Queen, Princesses,
noble citizens, all appeared animated by
one thought the welfare of the country,
and the preservation of order in the
midst of an effervescence of enthusiasm
which may be imagined when it is re
membered that, without any transition,
the country passes from what was, per
haps, the most absolute system in Eu
rope, to a system of constitutional gov
emment. The 29th the entire popula
tion of Naples and its environs traversed
the streets in holiday attire, and covered
with ribbons of the three Italian colors
SPAIN.
The accounts from Spain are to the
4th ult. Espartero continues to be the
idol of the people, though the Queen,
treats him with marked coldness, not
inviting him to her fetes, while all the
other grandees and Senators are invited
. IRELAND..
Ireland is still the scene of misery
and crime. The Special Commission
have adjourned, after trying and con
victingjy persons for various outrages
against the lives or property of their
neighbors. Sixteen have been found
guilty f murder. Outrages of the mo
desperate character continue to occur in
some sections of this wretched country
It is said that no less than ten magis
trates have been, themselves, or their
immediate friends, shot within a few
years, in a single district.
RUSSIA.
The intrepid Schamyl was still har
assing the Russians in Ihe Caucacus
The latest accounts received from St.
Petersburg!) announce that General
Freyrag has been obliged to move for
ward with mile battalions, 450 Cossacks,
and lG pieces of ordnance, tu engage
the mountaineers, and that it has been
necessary to employ Congreve rockets
to destroy two hamlets. In one of these
encounters the Russians had 18 soldiers
and 3 officers killed, with 143 soldiers
wounded- Considerable portions of the
woods have been burnt to facilitate the
advances of the Russian columns. Co
lonel Slasszuff has gained a victory at
Umachanpurth, on the river TValerick.
The greater part of the enemy were
killed, 22 taken prisoners, and the place
reduced to ashes. The Russians had two
officers and six men wounded
ALGIERS.
A terrible disaster occured on the
Algiers road to Aumale on the 11th ult.
An artillery convoy was overtaken on
tha heights in front of Sak Hamondi, by
a violent snow storm. At the turnings
of this perilous road the burdened mules
were precipitated into the deep ravines.
The cold became so intense that in less
than a quarter of an hour fourteen men
out of forty fell beneath its severity. At
the same time that 'his convoy was suf
fering on the heights above mentioned,
anothet from Algiers lost two men be
tween Ouled el Cadel Tablat. As soon as
Si-Mahi-ed-Din vas informed of the cat.
astrophe, he immediately sent assistance
to the unfortunate sufferers, and on the
17th ult. a dozen men, frozen to death
on the nights of the 11th and 12th, were
brought to Algiers.
DENMARK.
King Frederick VII has commenced
his reign by an act of clemency which
augurs well for his constitutional spirit.
By a roy al rescript; all proceedings now
pending for political offences,or for vio
lation of the hws which regulate the
Press, are to be at once conceded and
annulled.
We see it stated in several papers,
that Mr. Clay is to succeed Mr. Criiien
den in the Senate from Kentucky.
Arrest Humor. The Washington
Union" says that the extravagant re
port of Gen. Scott having arrested the
members of the Court of Inquiry, is in
consistent with the latest advices, a?
neither Gen. Townson or Col. Belknap
had arrived at Vera Crux.
From the Seat of War,
The steam ship New-Orleans, Capt.
Edward A aid arrived at an early hour
yesterday morning from Vera Cruz, hav
ing sailed thence on the 2nd inst.-
Our accounts by the ship France left
Lieut. Col. Bfccoe nnd a small command
engaged with party of guerrillas five
times their number. The issue was as
we anticipated; the guerrillas were dis
persed, bat "not without severe loss on
our part. The gallant Lieut. Henderson
and twelve of his men were killed on our
side, and the Mexican loss is supposed
to have been about the same. Col.
Biscoe charged the guerrillas three sev
era! times- His teajis are said to have
stampeded, and we regret to say that
the Colonel was compelled to leave his
killed and wounded behind and make his
way to Cordova. His wagons, or the
greater part of them, were burned ; the
mules were taken by the guerrillas.
Col. Biscoe reached Orizaba the eve
ning o) the 22 d ult
That we may do no injustice to Co
lonel Biscoe or his command in regard
to his skirmish with the guerrillas-which
is represented by some private accounts
as discreditable to oor arms we copy
the following account of it from the Free
American of the 1st inst. It was writ
ten after the return of Col, Biscoe and
his command to Vera Cruz :
Lieut, Col; Biscoe left this city on the
morning of the 19th February, with
detachments of Louisiana and Geor
gia. Dragoons: on that evening, at
about 4 o'clock, some forty or fifty guer-
rilleros were observed at a place called
Mataccrdera. A change was immediate
ly made on them, and the Mexicans re
treated to the edge of a chispparal, when
our troops, numbering about twenty five
at that time, commanded by Capt. W af
ford, of the Georgia Dragoons came
close upon them, some four hundred
guerilleros rushed out of the chapparal,
and a deadly couflict ensued. Our troops,
however, succeeded in passing through
their lines and then gallantly returned
and again opened the ranks of the Mex
icans. At this momentthe main body of
the Americans, consisting in all of about
seventy-five men, came up to the rescue
of this gallant little band, and a general
fight took place, hand to hand, in which
we have to regret the loss of a friend,
Lieut. Henderson, of the Louisiana
Volunteers, who was lanced, shot, and
deeply cut in the face by the Mexicans,
tie died like a hero, and his came de
serves to be recorded in the pages of
the history of his country. We have
also to mourn the death of four of the
gallant Georgians, who so nobly charged
the enemy. The other men of the
same corps were severely wounded, and
three Louisiana Volunteers slightly.
The mules having given out from fa
tigue, it was thought absolutely neces.
sary by Col. Biscoe to abandon them,
although we understand that he made
all possible exertions to save them.
The Guerrilleros having retired from
Ihe field, they were at different times
pursued, but they were not anxious to
come to close quarters with our troops.
The command then proceeded on to
Cordova, and tben to Orizaba.
FROM THE CITY OF MEXICO.
The dates from the city of Mexico are
on the 26ih of February. Letters written
that day say that an armistice for two
months would be signed by Gen. Butler
the following day. Our correspondent at
Vera Cruz agrees with the Free Amer
ican that such an armistice had been
arranged and determined upon.
We havrt no letters from the city of
Mexico so late as the 26th ult.. and the
New-Orlear.s sailed so soon after the
arrival of the express from the capital,
that the news by it had not finally trans
pired. Our latest papers from the city
of Mexico are to the 19:h ult.
Mexico, Feb. 19, 1849.
Gen. Cashing, with an escort of two
companies of Dragoons, left here on the
I5th for Puebla, to assist in organizing
the Court of Inquiry appointed to inves
tigate the unfortunate difficulties bet ween
the general officers here. It is under
stood that on the Court being organized,
it will adjourn to this city, and here
transact its business.
On Sunday night a Texan Ranger
named Adam Alsence.of Capt. Roberts's
company, was attacked by a number of
Mexicans in the suburbs of the city, and
killed. He was mangled in a brutal
manner, and the Texans, exasperated at
the cruel death of their comrade, sallied,
into the streets the next evening, to the
number of fifteen or twenty, and procee
ding to the quarter where Alsenct was
killed, took fearful vengence upon a par
ly whom they found armed with pistols
and knives. Seventeen of the Mexi
cans are reported killed, and forty woun
ded. Alienee was a German, had ser
ved in Bonaparte's cavalry'j and was a
good and faithful soldier-
Yesterday Col. Jackson, bearer rf
despatches from Washington, arrived
with a small escort from Vera Cruz in
six days. Shortly after this arrival it
was known that he brought despatches
both to Generals Scott and Butler, and
the inference was at once drawn that the
former was recalled, and the latter placed
in chief command of the army.
Gen4 Lane, with the same command
he had in his expedition to Tehucan
and Orizaba, left here about one o'clock
in the afternoon, day before yesterday,
and look the Gaudaloupe road. The
expedition is a secret one, and many,
are the conjectures as to its destination.
From the road taken, the most plausible
supposition is, that the General is after
Jarauta,or Rea.
We copy from the American Star of
the 19th ult. the following article in re
gard to General Scon's withdrawal
from the command of the army in Mex
ico in obedience to the orders of his
Government, regretting extremely that
the whole farewell address of the Commander-in-Chief
has not reached us. It
has, unaccountably, been lost.
Maj. Gen. Scott. By reference to
general orders it will be seen that Gen
Scott has turned over the command of
the army to Maj. Gen. Butler, We
promised to inform our readers of this
when officially advised on the subject,
and we now do iD though with regret'
Although we are told in Puebla that the
General had requested to be relieved
when active operations ceased, we were
not prepared to receive the news that
such had been the case. Wt do not
think that either the Government or
Gen. Scott's inclinations should take
him from the army until a peace is made.
He has accomplished so much and a
gainst such great odds, that we regret
to see him part with his companions in
arms, and we have no hesitation in say
ing that sech are the sentiments of the
American army. It matters not how
accomplished and gallant his success r
may be, under the circumstances his
place caunot be filled, and if we know
Gen. Butler, we believe that he will echo
that sentiment, for ht is not so much
weighed down by ambition as to plead the
recall, although the act places him in
command of the proudest army in the
world.
W infield Scott, this morning, takes
leave officially f the army, of (hat gal.
lant band with which he has carried his
and their names upon the highest point
ol fame's column, itany an eye will
fill with tears this morning, when they
read his last order.
Even in his short order he pays the
following deserved compliment to his
successor a brother officer, who was
his companion in arms in 1312. as he
was here until to day.
In taking official Icava of the troops
he has so long had ihe honor personally
to command in an arduous campaign -a
small part of hose glory has been,
from his position, reflected on the senior
officer Major Gen. Scott is happy to
be relieved by a General of established
merit and distinction in the service of
his country."
From theStarof Feb, 17A.
The Mexican Congress. We have
exerted our great influence, and the
members composing this body have a
greed to meet, full quorum, within ten
days after the first advices on the sub
ject of peace from Washington. To tell
the truth, we care but little whether they
meet or not until some action on the
subject of peace is had by our Congress.
Seriously, we have been informed
that when the Governors of the differ
ent States express their opinion on the
circular of Rosa, and it is thought this ex
predion will be almost unanimous in his
favor, the members.will repair at once to
Queretaro, t eir own responaibiliiy ta
ken off by the expressed will of the peo
pie. The general impression is that the
members will not hurry to the seat of
Government, until the question of peace
comes fairly before them, and then they
will meet and prompt action will follow.
Till? TREATY RATIFIED!
We have the satisfaction of announ
cing to our readers that the Treaty of
Peace has been ratified by the Senate of
the United States. The Washington
Union of Friday last, says:
"The Senate ai'journed, to-night, a
few minutes past 9 o'clock, after a ses
sion in closed doors of nine hours. The
labors of the Senate have been very e
vere for several days.
" We congratulate the country on the
result of their deliberations. The treaty
has been ratified, it is understood, by a
vote of 38 to 15 three Senators, of
course, being absent.
The seal of eecrecy has not been
removed; and, in fact, we do not under
stand that any proposition was made to
that effect. It cannot, therefore, be ex
pected that we should at this lime enter
into any specifications of the precise
modifications that have been adopted,
or of the namea of the senators who vo
ted in the affirmative or negative, his
presumed, however, that the boundary
line, as said to have been originally tpe
cified by the treaty, or the amount of
the money to be paid, has not been
changed by these modifications,
"We congratulate the country , upon
the result as furnishing some hope md
some argury of rc&'.o ration of peace.
'Ve trust that the Mexican government
will not be so blind to the truo interests
of both countries, as to refuse ite final
ratification of the treaty, now about ta
be sent back to them. 1
"We shall waif, of course, wliTh torne
anxiety, for the decision of the Prest
dent and Congress of Mexico. We
presume that intelligence of the general
result will be immediately forwarded by
a special express to oor commanding
officer in Mexico to be followed,
soon as possible, by an authentic copy
of the ratified treaty, s-nd with- accom
pany ing instructions. We trust that all
the objections, and all the idle clamorr
which have been raised against the
views of the administration, will- now
disappear.
" The President has promptly and
wisely waived all unnecessary objection'
to the irregularity of the manner in
which the treaty was formed1. The'
sanction which it has received from the
President and Commissioners of MexK
co, stamp it as their official act. -The
ratification which it receives from the
Senate of the United States cures all the .
informality with which it was made on
the other side.
'What becomes, new, of the doubts
which were once expressed of the Prea
idenl's desire for peace? And what
becomes of the doubts that were enter
tained of the sincerity of his declara
lions, that he had no desire to extinguish
the nationality of Mexico?"
The original treaty, it is said, has un
dergone some modifications; and it is
also understood that the votes upon it,
both of the majority and minority, are
made up of both political parties. ,
From the Raleigh Register.
THE TREATY.
The injuction of secrecy has not been
removed in regard to the ratification of
the Treaty, and the proceedings thern
on, but the letter-writers seem to know
all about it. Whether some of the Sen
ators are leaky vessels, or whether th
Reporters eavesdrop, we cannot ay, bui
it id certain that th 'iTev York He
rald" furnishes as particular account 'of
the vote, as if iia Reporters had been "a
looker-on in Venice." That paper
gives a long detail of particulars, which
we condense.
The vofe stood 37 to 15 3 Senator
absent 2 Whigs (Messrs. Pearco and
Clayton,) and 1 Democrat, (Mr. Hous
ton.) Those who voted in the affirmative,
were Messrs. Ashley, Athertoti. Bag by,
Bell,radbury, Bright, Butler, Calh oun.
Cameron, Cas Clarke, Crittenden, Da
vis, of Mass., Davis, of Miss.", Diyton,
Dickenson, Dix, Downs, Fetch, Foot,
Hale, Ilannegan, Hunter, Johnson, of
Md, Jehnion, of Ga., Johnson, of La.
Mangum, Mason, Miller, Mour, Niles,
Phelps, Rusk, Sevier,Sturgeon,Turney,
Underwood and Yule 38.
Those who voted against the Treaty.,
were Messrs. Allen. A tchision. Badger;
Baldwin, Benton, Berrien, Breese, Cor
win, Douglas, Greene, Lewis,Spruance,
Upham, Webster and Wcstcott 15.
Whig. Democra'a
For the Treaty, 12 26
Against it, ti 1 t
Absent, 2 1
The following is a skotch of the
Article of the Treaty, a adopted by
the Senate. It is, probably, as correct
as a compressed sketch can be made :
Article first appoints Senor .Cuerar
Conto and Aristain Commissioners on
the part of the Mexican Government to
adjust terms of a lasting Treaty of Peace
between the United States of the North
and the United Mexican States, with
Nicholas P. Trist, Commissioner of the
United States, dec.
Article second stipulates that there
phalt be an immediate suspension of
hostilities between the armies of the
two Republics. ,
Article third defines the future boun
dary of the United States. The line
commences in the Gulf of Mexico.three
leagues from land; iheoce rnns up 'the
middle of the Rio Grande to its inter
lection with the southern boundary of
new Mexico; thence along that southern
boundary to the western boundary of
same; thence north to the first branch .
of the Gila which it intersects; thence
down the midde of that branch and of.,
the riter to tha Colorado; thence it runs
acioss westwardly, and strikes the Pa
cifi? at a point one league south of Sao
Diego. The free navigation of the Gulf
of California and of the river Colorado,
from the mouth of the Gilla to the Gulf,
is secured to the United States.'
Article foarth stipulates that it ahaU b
option&l with citizens of Mexico, now residing-
in the Territory to be ceded either
leave, taking with' thsm or otherwise