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THE DAILY ERA. VM. 3L BROWN, ' Manager: ! , vttU'vi!lo St., old Standard Building. ,.A ssi Invariably in Advance: iTlE DAILY ERA will be delivered anywhere 5ll fiu- City at Fifteek Cexts a week, payable .' . i;e Carkieb, weekly. Mailed at $7.00 a year ; ,;-, for ?ix months; $2.00 far three months; I .,1 sevsntt-Ftte cents a month. ; . llil-WEEKLY ERA $5 00 a year. V WEEKLY ERA. $2.03 a year. , , J'' THEDAfLTERA. TUESIAY, DEC. lOtli, 1S72. An Act to Alter the Constitu tion of North Carolina. Yol. 2. THEDAlIxrERA . ltates of Advertising ;;. , une pquare, one insertion, $ 1 tt Raleigh, Tuesday Aftern don, Dec. 10, 1872. STo. 100. Section ..The Gen en end ' Asset? t bl'i of North Carolina ' do enact, (three-fifths of all the members of each house concurring,) That the constitution of this state be altered as follows, to-wit: Amend section six of the first ar ticle, by striking out the first clause thereof, down to and including the word 41 but ;" this being the clause relating to the state debt. Amend section two of the second artirle by striking out the word "annually," and inserting in lieu thereof, the word " biennially ;" be ing in reference to the sessions of the general assembly. Amend section five of the second article, by strinking out all that precedes the ords " the said senate district," and by striking out the phrase "as aforesaid or'' in said section ; the part so stricken out having reference to t he state census. Add a new section to the second article to be styled "section thirty," and to read as follows : ." The mem bers of the general assembly shall each receive three hundred dollars as a rompensation for their services during their term,- subject to such regul; tions in regard to time of payment and reduction for non-attendance as may be prescribed by law; but they may have an addi tional allowance "when they are called together in special session, ;;nd mileage shall be ten cents per mile for each session." Amend section one of the third article by striking out the words four years," where they occur first in said section, and inserting in lieu thereof, the words "two years," being in reference to the term of executive officers. Strikeout the words "superin tendent of public works," wherever they occur in the constitution, thus abolishing that office. Amend section six of the third article by striking out the word " annually," and inserting in lieu thereof,the word " biennially ;" so as to conform to the provisions re specting the sessions of the general assembly. Strike out sections two and three of the fourth article, being the pro visions which refer to the appoint ment and duties of the code com missioners. Alter section four of the fourth article, so that said section shall read as follows : "The judicial pow er of the state shall be vested in a court for the trial of impeachments, a supreme court, superior courts, such inferior courts as may be es tablished by law, and courts of jus tices of the peace." Alter section eight of the fourth article, so that said section shall read as follows: "The supreme court shall consist of a chief justice and two associate justices ; Provided, That this shall not apply to the justices during their present term of office, unless by death, reignation or otherwise?, the number ot" asso ciate justices shall be reduced to two. Alter section twelve of the fourth article, so tliat said section shall read as follows : " The state shall be divided into nine judicial dis tricts, for each of which a judge shall be chosen ; and in each district a superior court shall be held at least twice in each year, to continue for such time in each county res pectively as may be prescribed by law. The general assembly shall lay off said districts in due time, so that the said nine judges may be chosen and begin their official term at the first general election for mem bers of the general assembly which will occur after the ratification of tli is section. The general assembly !iiav reduce or increase the number of districts to take effect at the end of each judicial term." Strikeout section thirteen of the fourth article, which fixes the pres ent judicial districts. Amend section fourteen of the fourth article by striking out all after the word "office," and insert ing in lieu of the part so stricken out, the following: "The general assembly shall prescribe a proper system of rotation for the judges of the superior courts, so that no judge may ride the same district twice in succession, and the judges may also exchange districts with each other, as may be provided by law." Strike out section fifteen of the fourth article, and insert in'1, lieu thereof, the following : "The gen eral assembly shall have no power to deprive the judicial department of any power or jurisdiction which rightfully pertains to it as a.eo-or-dinate department ; but the general ( assembly shall allot and distribute that portion of this power and ju risdiction which does not pertain to the supreme court, among tire other courts prescribed iu this constitu tion or which may be established by law, in such manner as it may deem best, provide also a proper system of appeals, and regulate by law when necessary, the methods of proceeding, in the exercise of their powers, of all the courts below the supreme court, so far as the same, may be done without coqflictwith other provisions of this constitu tion." . , , Strike out sections sixteen, seven teen, nineteen, twenty-five and thirty-three of the fourth article. Amend section twentv-six of the J? A 1 f j iounn article by striking out ail j that part which begins with, and j foilows the word "but" in said sec-' ! tion, and in lieu of the parts so I stricken out, inserting the follow ing: 4 'The judicial officers and clerks of any courts which mav be established by law, shali chosen by the vote of the qualified electors, and for such term as mav be pre scribed by law. The voters of each precinct, established as is elsewhere provided for in thi3 constitution, shall elect two justices of the peace for such term as may be fixed by law, whose jurisdiction shall extend throughout their respective .coun ties. The general assembly may provide for the election of more than two justices of the peace in those precincts which contain cities , or .towns, or in which other special reasons render it expedient. The chief magistrates of cities and in corporated1 towns shall have the judicial powers of justices of the peace." Amend section thirty of the fourth article by striking out the word "townships" and inserting in lieu thereof the word precmcts;" also in the last sentence of the same sec tion, strike out the words "the commissioners, of the county may appoint to such office for the unex pired term," and in lieu thereof in sert "an appointment to fill such vacancy for the unexpired term shall be made as may be prescribed by law." Amend sections one and seven of the fifth article, by striking out the words "commissioners of the sev eral counties" where they occur in said sections, and in lieu thereof insertings the words "county au thorities established and authorized by law." Strike out section four of the fifth article, relating to taxation to pay the state debt and interest. Amend section six of the fifth ar ticle by inserting after the word "instrument" in said section the words "or any other personal proj "rtv " Insert the word "and" before tlie word "surveyor" hi section one of the seventh article, and strikeout the words "and five commission ers" in said section: also add to said section the following: "The general assembly shall provide for a system of county government for the several counties of the State. . Amend section two ol the seventh article, by striking out the word "comraissioners" and in lieu thereof inserting the words "county author ities established and authorized by law," and in the same section strike out the words, "the register of deeds shall be ex, officio clerk of the board of coin rh issioners. ' 1 Strike out section three of the seventh article, and in lieu thereof insert the following : "The county authorities established and author ized by law shall see that the re spective counties are divided into a suitable number of sub-divisions, as compact and convenient in shape as possible, and marked out by defi nite boundaries, which may be al tered when necessary. Said sub divisions shall be known by the name of precincts. They shall have no corporate powers. The township governments are abolished. The boundaries of the precincts shall be the same as those which heretofore defined the townships until they shall be altered." Strike out sections four, five, six, ten and eleven of the seventh arti cle, which relate to the township system. Amend section's eight and nine of the seventh article, by striking out the words " or townships " where they occur in said sections. Strike out section three of the ninth article, and in lieu thereof in sert the following: "The General Assembly shall make suitable pro vision by law for the management and regulation of the public schools, and for perfecting the system of free public instruction." Strike out section five of the ninth article, and in lieu thereof insert the following: "The General As sembly shall have power to provide for the election of trustees of the University of North Carolina, in whom, when chosen, shali be vested all the privileges, rights, franchises and endowments heretofore in any wise granted to, or conferred upon the trustees of said University; and the General Assembly may make such provisions, laws and regula tions from time to time, as may be necessary and expedient, for the maintenance and management of said University." Strike out sections thirteen, four teen and fifteen of the ninth article, relating to the University of North Carolina. Amend section ten of the eleventh article by striking out the words "at the charge of the State," and in lieu thereof insert the words " by the State and those who do not own property over and above the homestead aud personal property exemption prescribed by this con stitution, or being minors, whose parents do not own property over and above the same, shall be cared for at the charge of the State." Alter "section seven of the four teenth article so that said section shall read as follows : "No person who shall -hold any office or place of trust or profit under the United States or any department thereof, or under this State, or under any otherState or government, shall hold or exercise any other office pr place of trust or profit under the au thority of this State, or be eligible to a seat in either house of the Gen eral Assembly ; Provided, That nothing herein contained shall ex tend to officers in the militia, justi ces of the peace, commissioners of public charities, or commissioners for special purposes." Add another section to the four teenth article to be styled " section 8," and to read s follows: " Coun ty officers, justices of the peace and other officers whose offices are abol ished or changed in any way by the alteration of the constitution, shall continue to exercise their functions until any provisions necessary to be made by law in order to give full effect to the alterations, so far as re lates to said officers shall have been made." Re-number tlie sections in those articles from which any section has been stricken, without the insertion of another in its stead ; and give to any new section that number which by tins method would have been given to the section for which it is substituted, and the alterations shall be embodied into the constitution, and the several sections numbered consecutively. Ratified the 19th day of Januarj', A. D. 1872. official. th Carolina Election Beturn3 AUGUST AND NOVEMBER, 1872. Counties. ai o p B 2 Z 2 . g o j O o 1 o 1,015 1,270 389 54o 184 339 Alamance, Alexander, Alleghany, Anson, Ashe, Beaufort, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Buncombe, Burke, Cabarrus, Caldwell, Camden, Carteret, Caswell, Catawba, Chatham, Cherokee, Chowan, Clay, Cleaveland, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Currituck, Dare, Davidson, Davie, Duplin, Hdgecornbe, I'orsytlie, Franklin, Gaston, Gates, Granville, Greene, Guilford, Graham, Halifax, Harnett, Haywood, ; Henderson, Hertford, Hyde, I redell, Jackson, Johnston, Jones, Jjenoir, Lincoln, Macon, Madison, Martin, McDowell, Mecklenburg Mitchell, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, Nowllanover Northampton Onslow, Orange, Pamlico, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Person, Pitt, Polk, Randolph, Richmond, Robeson, Rockingham Rowan, Rutherford, Sampson, Stanley, Stokes, Surry, j Swain, j Trans vl van ia Tyrrell, j Union, i Wake, j Warren, ; Washington, j Watauga, Wavne, ' Wilkes, Wilson, ! Yadkin, ; Yancey, j 1 1,015 389 184 1,019 761 l,5Go 1,514 1,448 708 1,114 G33 811 332 554 739 456 422 1,683 433 742 142 517 2,708 1,883 349 270 1,516 662 1,035 3,452 1,115 1,560 688 512 2.G55 947 1,831 3,610 695 420 716 983 610 994 166 1,374 639 1,270 706 130 641 1,048 519 2,261 628 653 881 1,293 3,614 1,990 492 1.321 358 1,053 910 819, 1,775 342 1,389 562 1,062 1,415 1,261 1,774 486 576 925 313 1.42 1,017 542 1,459 1,517 1,409 857 970 565 796 319 545 652 1,554 441 1,586 372 767 125 553 777 2,759 1,846 217 1,454 637 j l,039l 3,436 1,100 1,543 run 341 i,4Si; 559; i 944; I 903! 655! ! 9S9 1 9S,630 ! 96,731 1,899 391 1,022 3,269 1,107 492 435! 1,749 1,034 1,319 759 503 96,731 91,393 07,489! 1,485 668 528 1,159 425 " 809 375 701 737 493 380 2,202 64 241 .714 1,003 1,877 752 720 1,483 290 351 397 934 1,429 99 9S3 730 1,051 1,416 962 400 S89 478 839 681 235 689 2,407 1,008 - 3 90 197 1,311 639 1,053 154 834 67,4S9 '23,904 R. RICHMOND & DANVILLE It. X North Carolina Division. Freight Trains between GoldsborO and Raleigh will run iivaccordance with the following Schedule after Sunday, Oct. 20th, 1872. : Arrive. Lcav. 6.00 9. ' 6.30 S c-6.50 (7.00 S-7.25 S 7.30 7.49 8.05 8.15 8.18 8.40 8.50 lf90s S Stations. Arriv 19.05 3 '8.35 Leave, iS.05 7.30 6.50 Raleigh, -Auburn. jClayton, Wilson's, Pine Lev, 6.38 Boon Hill, 6.05 Goldsborol - g W. II. GREEN, Master.Transportation L.T S jJJ GOVERNOR CALDWELL OX THE CONSERVATIVE 99 GERRYMANDER. 8.16S - i- jrr i- 1 7.10 6.40 6.15 5.30 Ii his -admirable and able mes sageto tttfs General Assembly, Governor Caldwell submitted these incoptrovertible facts and figures on the Bnfamous gerrymandering of the stJUegislature : IJ35ISL.ATIVE APPORTIONS! ENT. The last General Assembly pro ceeded to apportion Senators and Representatives. It is exceedingly doubtful whether they -had any right to do so, at that time, and whetper the present Legislature has not been, chosen in violation of the Constitution of the State. I do not noYJ propose to raise so grave a question, but simply to call your attention to Kome of the details of the act. Thi Constitution, provides that ." each Senate district shall contain as near as may be, an equal number of inhabitants, excluding aliens and Indians not taxed, and shall remain unaltered until the return of another enumeration, and shall at all times, consist of contiguous territory.'''' In the present apportionment this unmistakable provision of the Con stitution is palpably disregarded. Two distinct elements are required to enter into the formation of "Sen ate Districts.11 First, they "shall contain as near as may be, an equal number of inhabitants." Secondly, they "shall at all times consist of contiguous territory.11 The first requirement is disre garded in thepresentapportionment to an extent that could not possibly have been inadvertently done. By it thousands of the people are with out due and lawful representation in the Senate, and are virtually dis franchised. It is difficult to ex press, in becoming language, what every honest man in the State must feel, when he considers the facts and circumstances attending so plain a disregard, not only of the Constitu tion itself, but of the right of the people to fair and impartial repre sentation. I deem it my impera tive duty, without reserve, to lay the matter before you in detail, that the reproach may rest where it properly belongs, and in the confi dent hope, and belief, that this Gen eral Assembly will, by prompt ac tion, show to the country its appre ciation of what is just and proper, and give" full and rightful weight to the manifest voice and will of the people. The entire population of the State, by the Census of 1870, is one million, seventy-one thousand, four hundred and fifty making twenty-one thou sand, four hundred and twenty-nine inhabitants the exact number each Senate District should contain, if perfect exactness could be obtained. But the Constitution does not re quire perfect exactness. It requires an approximation " as nearly as maybe.11 This approximation can in all cases be very nearly attained by grouping counties together, and when some of the more populous counties must be embraced in a District, by making it large enough to take more than one Senator, thus eqnalizirrg and giving weight to every large excess in a county. Eight of the Districts in the present apportionment have allotted to them two Senators each, instead of one. But this appears not to have been done in scarcely a single local ity, where it was necessary to secure an approximation to equality inthe number of inhabitants The Con vention, which ordairleTl the form er apportionment, had only the Census of 18G0 for a guide. The changes wrought by the war, in the relative population of the counties and sections of the State, rendered the data of the Census of 1860 unre liable. In consequence of this, some inequalitv occurred which was dis closed by the Census of 1870. To correct this inequality was the'only plausible reason alleged for hasten ing, under doubtful authority, a new apportionment It is remark able that the new apportion m.( nt, undertaken for such reason, should be made more unequal and un fair than the one it was intended to correct. Having the Census of 1870 before them, it is difficult to conceive how it was possible for the last Legislature to mistake so gross ly and to fail so entirely in respect ing the constitutional provision, designed to protect the most essen tial and fundamental of all popular 1 ihts that of equal representation. 1 will, for preciseness of demon stration, call attention to a few of the very many glaring instances that may be found throughout the new apportionment. I select for this purpose, ten of the forty-two Districts. In this ten, are included three of the eight double Distriets, in order to show that they were not made double for the purpose of ap proximating equality in population. Bearing in mind that 21,429 is the ratio of population, required by the Constitution to be approximated " as nearly as may be,11 the startling violation of this requirement uiay be seen at a glance. ' There is allotted to the Popula- ... Sena : lation. - tors. 50,015 2 33,GSG 2 v 83,610 2 . 35,617 - 1 . 15,70S , 1 27,078 1 16,436 1 27,699 ".' 1 16,897 1 ; 17,414 . 1 By grouping these Districts in va rious ways, the total disregard of the ratio of population, .viz 21,429, which the Constitution requires to be approximated "as nearly as may be," becomes still more glaring. There is allotted to the I 1st District, 3d 12th " 18th " Popula tion. 50,015 27.699 27,978 35,617 Total popTu, 1-41,309 Popula tion. 10th District, 33,686 14tb, " 16,436 17th " 16,897 23d 15,708 24th 44 33,610 31st " 17,414 Sena tors. o T i i o Senators. 1 1 1 1 8 Total pop'I'n, 133,751 Thus it appears that a population of 141,309 is allotted but five Sena tors while another population of only 133,751 is allotted eight Sena tors. The ratio for the five is 28,261, while the ratio for the eight is only 16,719. According to the ratio re quired by the Constitution to be approximated, the five Senators would be increased to six, with an excess of 12,735 population, while the eight would be reduced to six with an excess of only 5,177. There is allotted to the Popula- Sena- tion. tors. 27,699 1 27,978 1 35,617 1 3d District, 12th " 18th " Total popTn, 91,294 14th District, 16,436 17th " 16,897 23d " 15,708 ' 3 Sena tors. 1 . 1 1 Total popTn, 49,041 3 Thus it appears that a population of 91,294 is allotted but three Sena tors, while another population of only 49,011 is also allotted three. The ratio for the first three is 30,431, while the ratio for the other three is only 16,337. According to the ratio, required by the Constitution to be approximated, the first three would be increased to four with an excess of 6,572 populationwhile the other three would be reduced to two with an excess of 6,183. The ratio ap plied to the three representing the 49,641 population would, if applied to the other three, increase them to five with an excess of 9,609. There is allotted to the Popula tion. 10th District, 33,686 24th " 33,610 Senators. Total pqp'l'n, 67,296 Popula tion. 12th District, 27,978 18th " 35,617 4 Sena tors. 1 1 Total popTn, 63,595 2 Thus it appears that a population of 63,595 is allotted but two Senators, while another population of only 67,296 is allotted four. The ratio for the two i3 31,797, while the ratio for the four is only lfj,824. Accord ing to the ratio required by the Constitution to be approximated, the two would be increased to three with a deficiency of only 692 popu lation, while the four would be re duced to three with an excess of 3,009. 1st District, 10th " 24th 18th 23d 12th 14th 3d 17th 31st There is allotted to the 18th Dis trict, population 35,617, 1 Senator. . There is allotted to the 23rd Dis trict, population 15,708, 1 Senator. According to the ratio applied to the 23rd District, the 18th would be entitled to two Senators and have an excess of 4,199 population. In the history of the government, it has sometimes occurred; in more than one of .,the States, that, in the midst of high party excitement, the laying off of Districts for repre sentatives has been more or less unfairly done. But such unfairness consisted in grouping together ter ritory, and forming Districts in gro tesque shapes, for the purpose of se curing the vote of party majorities, su pposed to ex ist i n certai n local i t ies. The palpable disregard of the amount of population, in violation of express law and the consequent disfranchisement of thousands of the people, has seldom, if ever, before been ventured upon anywhere. Heretofore, this unfairness has been confined to Congressional Districts, laid off under the requirements of acts of Congress. While ail laws, both State and national, should be strictly observed, the requirements of the Constitution, which Legisla tors take a solemn oath, in no re spect to violate, might be supposed to be too sacrtl to be wilfully dis regarded, however high and bitter party excitement might run. The requirement, that each Sen ate District shall "consist of contig uous territory" has been technically complied with in the new appor tionment. ' But it can hardly be said that the spirit of the law has been observed. In several instances some of the counties, composing the Districts, only touch at their corners,' such an evasion of the evi dent intent and policy of the Con stitution, ought to be avoided -in all cases. The new . apportionment -for the House of Representativea is, in many respecfeV though in less ue gree, subject to the same animad version an that for Senators But I " - ........... One Minim. tWA inAt-rtlnna . . " "---",.... Oue quare, three insertion, One qnarc, six Insertions, One equate, one month,.. Oue square, three toontht? One square, six month. One t-quare, t we're nKrath,... ...... for larger advertisements libetil will be made. An Inch lengthwise the column Ls ft square Kates for the Weekly and Trt-Weekly same as heretofore established. 1 So t t w S 60 8 00 . . IS 00 ... 8000 :.. 60 oo contracts 2d 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th it it it tt tt tt t tt tt tt tt tt tt refrain from details, bccairstj the facts are within your reach, and at tention having been called to the one inquiry will necessarily- be aroused as to the other. Viewed in a party aspect, the re sult of the unlawful and unfair ap jortionment has been to give ono party a large majority in t lie Legis lature, at an election in. which the other party, in the opular vote of the State, had a majority of thou sands Jiot only in the voteforState officers, but greater still in the ag gregate for Senators and Represen tatives in our Legislature and for members of Congress. This cir cumstance has given prominence, not only in the State, but in the" whole nation, to that which we must all regret, and which will blur the history of the State with reproach. . I I recommend that the Legislature take such action on this subject as shall remove this scandal from our statutesrand make the apportion ment conform to the requirements of the Constitution. CONGRESSIONAL APPORTIONMENT. The disregard of equality and fairness in the new apportionment for members of Congress, under the. census of 1870, is little less striking than that for members of the Leg islature. With a . population of 1,071,450, North Carolina isfllowed eight members of Congress. The ratio which should be approxi mated as nearly as possible tor each Congressional District is 133,931 in habitants. In the present apportionment the - a. T"v a a. 1. 1 1 a a isi uisiricE nas izz,on lnnaDiianis. 150,936 143,564 139,786 122,831 139,003 119,318 133,201 It will be observed that the Sec ond District has 21,618 more inhab itants than the-Seventh, and has an excess of 17,005 over the regular ratio. The extraordinary, incon venient and most grotesque shape of this Second District precludes all pretence that convenience of terri tory entered, in the slightest degree, into the motive for disfranchising 17,000 of its people. The same may be said of nearly all the other Dis tricts. Their shape cannot be char acterized, otherwise than as absurd and ridiculous. The Second District has an excess of 17,005; the Third District an ex cess of 9,633 ; the Fourth, an excess of 5,855. and the Sixth an excess of 5,072. The First District has a de ficiency of 11,120; the Fifth a defi ciency of 11,100; the Seventh a de ficiency of 14,613. A mere glance at the map of the State is sufficient to convince any one that no consid eration of contiguity or compactness of form could possibly have entered info the motive for creating in stances of such unprecedented excess and deficiency in the population of the Districts. . l- Under this apportionment, one party has elected five members out of eight, when the other partv, in the aggregate vote for members, had a popular majority of over three thousand. This flagrant re sult shows how little the will of the people has been respected and how much their rights have been denied. Taken in connection with the dis parity in population, and the ridic ulous forms in which the Districts had to be laid off to produce it, the result is doubtless sufficient to chal lenge the prompt and corrective at tention of this General Assembly. But it has attracted the attention of the whole country by the grossness of the outrage upon popular rights, and has given weight to the im pression that demoralization, law lessness and dishonesty, pervades the government of some of the Southern States, no matter what party may chance to have the as cendency for the time being. It is hoped, for the character or North Carolina, that ti e present Legisla ture will be able and willing to re move such impression, so far as regards this State, by fairness, mod eration, and a strict observance of whatever is just and right and be coming the representatives of a free and virtuous people. The Voting Population - Of the Southern States by the Cenaus Report of 1872: . STATES. Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Arkansas, Kentucky, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, Ijouisiana, Mississippi, Texas, Virginia, Missouri, 1 White'CoPed. ; 105,474 21,064 liiJJ.GGo, 7f,lU5 245,133 62,547 139,535 199,056 87,066 84,784 132,390 161,500 384,314 1,829,72? 97,823 18,842 107.902 26,789 44,321 85.475 78,019 64,131 86,913 89,526 51,575 107,691 23,88 883,349 Total. 203,297 39,900 237,627 103,984 289,454 148,022 217,554 263,187 173,979 174,710 183,965 269,191 408,190 2,713,072 D RS. JOHNSON IIINEa Tho undersigned having formed a partnership for the practice of their pro fession, in all its various branches, re spectfully offer their services to the cttlr reus of Raleigh, and of the surrounding . country. . ' "' Dr. Johnson will always be found at his well-known office or residence; on Hillsboro street; while Or. Hines may Ikj found for the present atthe Yarbor ongh House, or at Dr. Johnson's office. . 'CHAS. E. JOHNSON, M. D. PETER EU HINES, M. D. , Raleigh, Dec. 1, 1872. . . fc!lm ;
The Daily Era (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Dec. 10, 1872, edition 1
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